WO2008144864A1 - System and method of diagnosis through detection of mechanical waves in refrigeration systems and/or household appliances - Google Patents
System and method of diagnosis through detection of mechanical waves in refrigeration systems and/or household appliances Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008144864A1 WO2008144864A1 PCT/BR2008/000146 BR2008000146W WO2008144864A1 WO 2008144864 A1 WO2008144864 A1 WO 2008144864A1 BR 2008000146 W BR2008000146 W BR 2008000146W WO 2008144864 A1 WO2008144864 A1 WO 2008144864A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- diagnosis
- refrigeration system
- household appliance
- refrigeration
- spectral
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system and a method of diagnosis that enable the operating conditions of household appliances, refrigeration systems and/or components thereof to be made available to be viewed immediately or later.
- the present invention further relates to a compressor diagnosed by the system and method of diagnosis of the present invention. Description of the Prior Art
- Refrigeration systems in general, are widely known by most people. Thus, since these systems are, in many cases, considered to be a human need, it is interesting to develop methods that are able to manipulate, control or diagnose their operation.
- a typical prior-art example of a refrigeration system and of the application thereof should be described.
- a refrigeration system comprises a circuit, wherein a cooling fluid travels through several components, during which travel the volume of the fluid is expanded and compressed, and its temperature and pressure rise and fall. It is important to observe the close relationship between the aforementioned magnitudes when dealing with fluids.
- the components which form an ordinary refrigeration system are, for example: compressor, evaporator, condenser and capillary tube.
- the compressor compresses the cooling fluid, increasing its pressure and consequently its temperature, so that the fluid is pumped and forced to flow through the cooling circuit.
- the cooling fluid circulates through the condenser, which is responsible for decreasing the fluid temperature without decreasing its pressure.
- This condenser is usually a long duct arranged in such a way as to have rectilinear parallel parts connected to one another, at their ends, by sinuous or curved parts, substantially shaped like an "S".
- S sinuous or curved parts
- the cooling fluid moves to the capillary tube, also known as expansion valve, whose function is to create resistance to the passage of the fluid, thus causing a large pressure difference between the fluid in the condenser and the fluid in the next component: the evaporator, where the pressure is low.
- the cooling fluid undergoes an abrupt transition when it moves towards the evaporator, having its volume suddenly expanded and being inserted into a low pressure environment.
- cooling fluid in this condition of expanded volume, low pressure and low temperature, moves from the evaporator to the compressor, where its volume is then reduced and its pressure and temperature are increased, restarting the refrigeration cycle.
- the typical system exemplified above can be applied in household refrigerators, air conditioners, commercial refrigerators, product display refrigerators and any other device that needs to be refrigerated or to have refrigeration.
- the defective element of the system can exhibit irregular or intermittent operation or can be completely inactive, jeopardizing the whole refrigeration cycle.
- a failure of this magnitude can bring huge losses, firstly because the elements of a typical refrigeration circuit are arranged in series, that is, one defective device can paralyze the activities of the system.
- the losses resulting from this type of failure occur, in some cases, due to the slow process of identification of the malfunction, since the system has very large time constants and the user can only notice a deviation in the refrigeration cycle after a long time has passed.
- the defect when the defect is not detected, even if the system is still working, it will not operate correctly and will overload the components, substantially reducing their useful life.
- the loss caused by the damage to the refrigerated load can exceed the cost of maintenance of the refrigeration system.
- the prior art has not disclosed any system or method of diagnosis that is able to detect failures in components of a refrigeration system or in household appliances in general by using means that detect both magnitudes internal to the refrigeration system or household appliance and magnitudes representing characteristics of the environment or of the load to be refrigerated, in the case of a refrigeration system, alerting the user to the need for preventive maintenance, minimizing the downtime of the equipment.
- the first objective of the present invention is to provide a method of diagnosis that is able to define the steps required to perform the diagnosis of the working condition of a refrigeration system or a household appliance.
- the second objective of the present invention is to provide a diagnosis system for refrigeration systems or household appliances that is able to detect specific malfunctions relating to each component to be monitored.
- the third objective of the present invention is to provide a refrigeration system compressor whose diagnosis is defined by the system and/or method of diagnosis cited in the previous paragraphs.
- the first objective of the present invention is achieved by means of a method of diagnosis for refrigeration systems or household appliances, comprising the steps of:
- step (iii) Assessing the operating condition of the components of the refrigeration system or household appliance: wherein the spectral signatures generated in step (ii) are compared with the spectral signatures relating to normal operating conditions of the refrigeration system or household appliance;
- step (iv) Updating the records: the operating condition of the components of the refrigeration system or household appliance assessed in step (iii) is registered in a database;
- the second objective of this invention is achieved by means of a diagnosis system for a refrigeration system or household appliances in general, comprising at least:
- transducer that is able to detect mechanical vibrations or sound pressure waves of the components of the refrigeration system as a whole and its surroundings or of the household appliance and its surroundings;
- - a digital processing unit that receives the parameters obtained by the transducer and is able to identify spectral patterns from the signals received from the transducer.
- the diagnosis system determines the operating condition by comparing the spectral patterns identified with spectral patterns previously stored in a memory unit.
- the third objective of the invention is achieved by means of a refrigeration system compressor whose diagnosis is made using the system and/or method of diagnosis of the first and second aims.
- Figure 1 a schematic view of the diagnosis system according to the present invention, including the preferred embodiment with the alternative embodiment; and Figure 2 - a flowchart of the method of diagnosis according to the present invention.
- the refrigeration system whose operating conditions are to be diagnosed by the method and system of the present invention can be used for different refrigeration purposes, such as: commercial refrigerators, household refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners etc.
- the method and system of the present invention can also be used in possibilities other than the ones exemplified.
- the refrigeration system to be diagnosed is defined as a system comprising the basic refrigeration elements, namely: compressor, condenser, expansion device and evaporator, and whose operation occurs as provided in the prior art.
- the present invention also contemplates in its system and method of diagnosis the possibility of diagnosing the operating conditions of a household appliance, not only of a refrigeration system.
- the household appliance may be any appliance known in the prior art that can be diagnosed by the method and/or system of diagnosis of the present invention.
- the first group is more important in determining the operating condition of the system, while the second group is used to reinforce or confirm the analysis made based on the first group.
- the magnitudes of group (i) are mechanical vibrations of the components of the refrigeration system and/or of the household appliance, which vibrations are caused by the fact that the components are associated with at least one compressor or another rotating element which may integrate the refrigeration system.
- This group further comprises the noise generated by the movement of people in the surroundings of the refrigeration system and/or of the household appliance.
- the magnitudes of group (ii) are preferably, though not limited to, the following: external temperature; temperature of the environment to be refrigerated, in the case of the refrigeration system; voltage and electric current of the components of the refrigeration system and/or of the household appliance.
- a plurality of transducers is required to detect all these parameters, so that, based on the data collected, the system and method of the present invention can diagnose the refrigeration system.
- At least one transducer 2, or a plurality of transducers 2 is responsible for detecting the magnitudes of group (i), that is, it is responsible for detecting the mechanical wave signals, which can also be referred to as mechanical vibrations or sound pressure waves of the components of the refrigeration system, of the refrigeration system as a whole and/or of the household appliance, preferably comprising: accelerometers, microphones or audio sensors that are able to detect the aforementioned mechanical vibrations or sound pressure waves of the components or, even, the noise generated by the people circulating or present in the surroundings of the refrigeration system and/or of the household appliance.
- group (i) can also be referred to as mechanical vibrations or sound pressure waves of the components of the refrigeration system, of the refrigeration system as a whole and/or of the household appliance, preferably comprising: accelerometers, microphones or audio sensors that are able to detect the aforementioned mechanical vibrations or sound pressure waves of the components or, even, the noise generated by the people circulating or present in the surroundings of the refrigeration system and/or of the household appliance.
- any combination of the cited preferred examples can be used, that is, accelerometers, microphones or audio sensors can be used by themselves, or an accelerometer can be used with one or more microphones, or a microphone can be used with one or more audio sensors, and so on.
- accelerometers, microphones or audio sensors can be used by themselves, or an accelerometer can be used with one or more microphones, or a microphone can be used with one or more audio sensors, and so on.
- the combination of these transducers is not a limiting factor to the scope of the present invention.
- a second plurality of transducers 3, which is responsible for detecting the magnitudes of group (ii), preferably comprises: at least one temperature sensor to measure the internal temperature of the refrigeration system and, if applicable, of the household appliance; at least one temperature sensor to measure the temperature external to the refrigeration system and/or to the household appliance; and voltage and electric current sensors.
- the first plurality of transducers 2 comprises at least one microphone to detect the movement of people in the surroundings of the refrigeration system and/or of the household appliance and microphones to detect the mechanical vibrations or pressure waves of the refrigeration system and/or household appliance.
- transducers 2,3, the first plurality and the second plurality can be placed in different positions of the refrigeration system and/or of the household appliance, depending on the magnitude to be detected.
- the microphone to detect the presence of people in the surroundings of the refrigeration system and/or household appliance should be put in a place where it can detect the noisy sound signals that indicate the presence and the circulation of people nearby.
- the microphone in question can be placed in the front portion of the refrigerator, since this is the closest possible position to the people.
- the external temperature sensors are preferably placed in the external portion of the refrigeration system, whereas the internal temperature sensor is placed in a position where it can detect the temperature in the region of the load to be refrigerated, in the case of a refrigeration system.
- the voltage and electric current sensors should be placed near the components from which a complement or confirmation to the diagnosis can be generated, as will be explained below.
- the system and method of diagnosis of the present invention uses the spectral signatures so that the operating condition of the refrigeration system can be determined and the user or the person in charge of the maintenance can be alerted.
- the spectral signature can be defined as a translation of the behavior of a component on the temporal basis into a magnitude in the frequency domain, in other words, the spectral signature is equivalent to the frequency spectrum of a vibrating element (motor, compressor, etc.).
- the spectral signatures are preferably generated by the first plurality of transducers 2, the one intended to detect the mechanical vibration or the sound pressure waves of the refrigeration system and/or of the household appliance, and also to detect the noise surroundings of the refrigeration system and/or household appliance, that is, they are generated from mechanical wave signals (vibration and sound).
- the frequency spectra that is, the spectral signatures.
- this specific algorithm is of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) type.
- the altered sound of this malfunctioning motor indicates, automatically, a change in its normal operating condition, since the oscillation frequencies and the related amplitudes have been altered.
- an alteration in the operating condition can be detected by comparing the spectral signature obtained in a normal operating condition with the one generated from recently detected vibrations.
- the operating condition of the system and/or household appliance as a whole or of the components thereof associated with the first plurality of transducers 2 is duly monitored.
- the noise detected is transformed into the frequency domain, so that a pattern of frequencies of noises relating to the amount of people is generated, and when this pattern is altered, a clear reading of a change in behavior can be obtained by comparing the spectral signature of the standard condition with the one recently generated from the mechanical vibrations of the sound detected.
- the standard spectral signature of the system needs to be compared with the spectral signature generated from the current operating conditions.
- the method and system of the present invention relies on standard spectral signatures stored in a database.
- the system and method of the present invention can use spectral signature ranges or intervals associated to an operating condition to make diagnoses. In this case, the comparison would be made between the signature generated and the range of signatures stored in the database.
- the aforementioned database has a series of standard values for the parameters that will not generate spectral signatures, namely: current, voltage and temperature, that is, non-vibrating signals.
- a comparison between, for example, a standard voltage and a read voltage can be made to complement or confirm the result of the diagnosis already obtained by comparing spectral signatures.
- the system and method of the present invention also contemplates the possibility of storing operation patterns for more than one vibration mode.
- a vibration mode is the level at which the system and/or its components vibrate, that is, a level at which the components are set to oscillate.
- a compressor set to work at zero or 3600 rpm comprises two vibration modes, namely: 0 and 3600 rpm.
- a variable speed compressor can comprise a variety of vibration modes, due to the variability of its rotation.
- the database stores spectral signatures and operating condition patterns corresponding to each vibration mode that the components or the system has, that is, each mode of operation generates a specific spectral signature for a given related operating condition.
- the comparison will be made only between the signatures defined or related to the same vibration mode, that is, if the signature generated was based in a reading of a vibration at 3600 rpm, it will be compared with the standard spectral signature of the operating condition for the same rotation.
- the components of the refrigeration system have at least two modes of operation, and, if applicable, may have more than two, as is the case with a variable speed compressor. Record of use
- the system and method of diagnosis detect the parameters and vibrations obtained through the first and second pluralities of transducers, the data relating to these consecutive readings are stored in the aforementioned database. These data include the date and time of the reading, the component that is being checked and the respective operating condition thereof, so that a record of use is created.
- This record of use contains the data of each measurement, so that it is possible to keep track of the operating condition of the system and/or household appliance and of their components over time.
- the refrigeration system and/or household appliance is suffering a malfunction of the slight deviation type, said malfunction will be easily detected, since the user or the person in charge of maintenance will be constantly notified that the system is presenting slight variations in its operating behavior, thus excluding the possibility of mistaking a slight deviation for a minor variation in the operating conditions due to changes in the environment.
- the system and method of the present invention need to be able to alert the user or the person in charge of maintenance to possible failures.
- the system and method of the present invention have an alert interface 6 which, as the name indicates, gives the user early warnings about deviations from the normal operating conditions of the system.
- this alert interface 6 comprises at least one display and/or terminals for a portable reading device to be connected, thus making the operating condition available for viewing.
- the diagnosis system 1 of the present invention comprises: a first plurality of transducers 2, a second plurality of transducers 3, a digital processing unit 4, at least one memory unit 5 and an alert interface 6. It should be pointed out that figure 1 illustrates the preferred embodiment of the diagnosis system of the present invention in combination with an alternative embodiment, considering that the second plurality of transducers 3 is optional for the realization of the present invention.
- the first plurality of transducers 2 detects the magnitudes relating to the mechanical vibrations both inside and outside the refrigeration system, collecting parameters regarding the movement of people and the oscillations of the refrigeration system.
- the second plurality of transducers 3 detects the magnitudes that will support and complement the diagnostic conclusions reached based on the mechanical vibrations.
- the magnitudes detected by the first and second plurality of transducers 2, 3 will be transmitted to the digital processing unit 4, which will be responsible for transforming the information read into a parameter to obtain the diagnosis.
- the association between the transducers and said digital processing unit 4 can be made by means of wires and cables or, if the designers and people skilled in the art prefer, by wireless technology, and it is important to point out that the data transmission means is not a limiting factor to the scope of the present invention, and therefore other means, forms and methods can be applied.
- a memory unit 5 which stores in this database the standard spectral signatures and predefined parameter values of the refrigeration system and/or household appliance, in addition to the record of use (record of data obtained from the first and second pluralities of sensors), is associated with the digital processing unit 4.
- This memory unit 5 is preferably of the non-volatile type, such as, for example: EPROM, EEPROM, FLASH, among others.
- the digital processing unit 4 is set to generate the spectral signatures of the parameters obtained from the first plurality of transducers 2, that is, to identify spectral parameters from the signals received from at least one transducer, to compare the signatures generated with the standard spectral signatures and enter the record of use in the memory unit 5 database. From the comparison between the recently generated spectral signatures and those corresponding the normal operating conditions stored in the database, it can be instantly detected whether the refrigeration system has failures of the full collapse type if, for example, a component is completely inactive.
- the diagnosis system of the present invention contemplates the possibility that other magnitudes may aid in ascertaining the operating condition, and said aid works as complementary information for confirmation purposes.
- the current, the voltage, the temperature or other magnitudes which do not generate spectral signatures can be used to verify and confirm whether the component is indeed in inactive.
- the magnitudes that are read but do not generate spectral signatures are interpreted, or not, based on predetermined values stored in the memory unit 5.
- this digital processing unit 4 is associated with the alert interface 6, so that the data relating to the operating conditions of the refrigeration system will be made available for viewing through said interface 6 as soon as they have been obtained.
- Step ( ⁇ ) - Signal Detection According to this method, a flowchart of which is illustrated in figure 2, the first step is signal detection, which comprises the detection of mechanical wave signals, vibrating signals or sound pressure signals from the refrigeration system and/or household appliance. In an alternative embodiment, this step may comprise the detection of non-vibrating signals relating to parameters of the system and/or household appliance.
- said mechanical wave signals correspond to the mechanical waves which propagate through air or through the structure of the refrigeration system and/or household appliance, that is, they comprise signals relating to the noise generated by the people in the surroundings of the refrigeration system and signals relating to the mechanical vibration of the system and its components.
- the non-vibrating signals correspond to parameters which do not relate to mechanical oscillations measured to obtain the diagnosis of the refrigeration system, such as temperature, voltage and electric current, referring to the system as a whole or to one or more of its components. Relationship between step (0 and the diagnosis system
- the signal detection step is carried out by the first and second pluralities of transducers 2, 3.
- the method of diagnosis comprises the step of generating a spectral signature of the mechanical wave signals.
- the signals detected are transformed into the frequency domain for their spectral signatures to be then generated. Relationship between step (ii) and the diagnosis system
- the spectral signatures of the second step of this method are generated in the digital processing unit 4 of the diagnosis system by an algorithm of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) type.
- FFT Fast Fourier Transform
- the method makes an assessment of the operating condition of the components of the refrigeration system and/or household appliances, that is, the spectral signatures generated in step (ii) are compared with the standard spectral signatures relating to the normal operating conditions of the refrigeration system and/or household appliance. This information would be enough to determine whether or not the system is operating normally.
- this step (ii) further comprises an interpretation of the values presented by the non- vibrating signals.
- this interpretation can be made based on predetermined values, through comparisons, or not.
- step (iii) the spectral signature generated will be compared with the standard spectral signature relating to the mode of vibration detected, thus ensuring that the diagnosis is obtained for the same vibration mode. Relationship between step (iii) and the diagnosis system
- the assessment of the operating condition is made in the digital processing unit 4 by comparing the spectral signatures generated with the ones relating to normal operating conditions previously stored in the unit memory 5 database. Moreover, the digital processing unit 4 further verifies the cohesion of the parameters relating to the non-vibrating signals, interpreting them based on predefined values or on previously established settings. Thus, the diagnosis generated by the spectral signatures is confirmed by the non-vibrating magnitudes. Step (iv) - Record Update
- step (iv) comprises updating the record of use, that is, the operating condition of the components of the refrigeration system assessed in step (iii) and the values of the non-vibrating signals obtained in step (i) are registered in a database.
- the record generated in step (iv) by the digital processing unit 4 is stored in the memory unit 5 database.
- step (v) Relationship between step (v) and the diagnosis system
- the operating condition alert and signaling procedure of the diagnosis system is performed by the alert interface 6, which, as aforementioned, can be a display or terminals to which a portable reading device will be connected.
- the present invention further relates to a compressor which acts as a component of a refrigeration system and whose diagnosis is determined by the system and method of diagnosis according to the present invention.
- This compressor can be any conventional compressor in which the method and system of diagnosis of the present invention can be implemented. Having described an example of a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention encompasses other possible variations and is limited only by the content of the appended claims, including therein the possible equivalents.
Abstract
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
MX2009012604A MX2009012604A (en) | 2007-05-29 | 2008-05-20 | System and method of diagnosis through detection of mechanical waves in refrigeration systems and/or household appliances. |
US12/601,694 US20100269522A1 (en) | 2007-05-29 | 2008-05-20 | System and method of diagnosis through detection of mechanical waves in refrigeration systems and/or household appliances |
JP2010509635A JP2010532021A (en) | 2007-05-29 | 2008-05-20 | Diagnosis system and diagnosis method based on detection of mechanical wave in cooling system and / or home appliance |
CN2008800181279A CN101680693B (en) | 2007-05-29 | 2008-05-20 | System and method of diagnosis through detection of mechanical waves in refrigeration systems and/or household appliances |
EP08748071A EP2153141A1 (en) | 2007-05-29 | 2008-05-20 | System and method of diagnosis through detection of mechanical waves in refrigeration systems and/or household appliances |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0702369-3A BRPI0702369A2 (en) | 2007-05-29 | 2007-05-29 | Diagnostic system and method by capturing mechanical waves in refrigeration and / or household appliances |
BRPI0702369-3 | 2007-05-29 |
Publications (1)
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WO2008144864A1 true WO2008144864A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/BR2008/000146 WO2008144864A1 (en) | 2007-05-29 | 2008-05-20 | System and method of diagnosis through detection of mechanical waves in refrigeration systems and/or household appliances |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20100269522A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2153141A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2010532021A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20100031696A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101680693B (en) |
AR (1) | AR066058A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0702369A2 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2009012604A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008144864A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20100031696A (en) | 2010-03-24 |
CN101680693B (en) | 2012-06-27 |
BRPI0702369A2 (en) | 2009-01-20 |
EP2153141A1 (en) | 2010-02-17 |
JP2010532021A (en) | 2010-09-30 |
AR066058A1 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
MX2009012604A (en) | 2009-12-11 |
CN101680693A (en) | 2010-03-24 |
US20100269522A1 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
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