WO2009016513A2 - Degradable cigarette filters - Google Patents

Degradable cigarette filters Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009016513A2
WO2009016513A2 PCT/IB2008/002793 IB2008002793W WO2009016513A2 WO 2009016513 A2 WO2009016513 A2 WO 2009016513A2 IB 2008002793 W IB2008002793 W IB 2008002793W WO 2009016513 A2 WO2009016513 A2 WO 2009016513A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fibers
cigarette filter
filter according
biodegradable
cross
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2008/002793
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2009016513A3 (en
WO2009016513A8 (en
Inventor
Lixin L. Xue
Milton Parrish
Shalva Gedevanishvili
Szu-Sung Yang
Original Assignee
Philip Morris Products S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philip Morris Products S.A. filed Critical Philip Morris Products S.A.
Priority to BRPI0815065-6A2A priority Critical patent/BRPI0815065A2/en
Priority to JP2010518776A priority patent/JP2010535024A/en
Priority to AU2008281436A priority patent/AU2008281436A1/en
Priority to EA201070199A priority patent/EA201070199A1/en
Priority to MX2010001248A priority patent/MX2010001248A/en
Priority to CN200880024688A priority patent/CN101742932A/en
Priority to EP08826746A priority patent/EP2170110A2/en
Publication of WO2009016513A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009016513A2/en
Publication of WO2009016513A8 publication Critical patent/WO2009016513A8/en
Publication of WO2009016513A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009016513A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/062—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features
    • A24D3/063—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features of the fibers
    • A24D3/064—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features of the fibers having non-circular cross-section
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/067—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by functional properties
    • A24D3/068—Biodegradable or disintegrable
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
    • A24D3/163—Carbon

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to degradable cigarette filters, and more particularly to shaped fibers made from degradable materials and the use of such shaped fibers in cigarette filters.
  • Conventional cigarette filter plugs are made of cellulose acetate fibers bonded to each other by triacetin. After smoking, the spent filters are sometimes discarded in the environment. The cellulose acetate filaments therein tend to degrade slower than tobacco and/or the paper parts of the cigarettes, often contributing to the litter in the environment. To reduce such litter, there is a need to replace cellulose acetate filaments in cigarette filters with materials that degrade faster than cellulose acetate in the environment. At the same time, there is also a need to retain the filtration chemistry, smoke characteristics and consumer acceptability from the cellulose acetate triacetin systems.
  • a cigarette filter produced from biodegradable materials formed into fibers with designed cross sectional shapes.
  • Another object of the present invention is a cigarette filter of biodegradable shaped fibers with increased surface area and reduced overall material per filter.
  • Still another object of the present invention is a cigarette filter of biodegradable shaped fibers having micro cavities therein for retaining flavorants and adsorbents for favor delivery and selective filtration.
  • a biodegradable cigarette filter comprises shaped fibers of PHBV.
  • the fibers may have designed shapes in cross section that include Y, V, C, Triad, 4-DG and JC shapes.
  • the shaped fiber may include micro cavities with adsorbents and/or flavorants in the cavities.
  • Figure 1 is a cross sectional view of a shaped biodegradable fiber having a Y shape
  • Figure 2 is a cross sectional view of a shaped biodegradable fiber having a V shape
  • Figure 3 is a cross sectional view of a shaped biodegradable fiber having a C shape
  • Figure 4 is a cross sectional view of a shaped biodegradable fiber having a Triad shape
  • Figure 5 is a cross sectional view of a shaped biodegradable fiber having a 4-DG shape
  • Figure 6 is a cross sectional view of a shaped biodegradable fiber having a JC shape.
  • the cigarette filters of the present invention may be made of sheets, films, fiber bands, yarns, or non-wovens from biodegradable materials such as paper (wood pulps), wool, cellulose acetate with lower acetylating levels, starch, and starch based polymer composites, cotton, polyactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyhyroxyalkanoates, polyesters, polyesteramides, polycaprolactones, un-stabilized polypropylene, micro-glass materials, and their combinations.
  • the biodegradable materials can be spun into fibers by melt spinning, dry spinning, wet spinning, electro spinning or any other known process into fibers.
  • PHBV Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate
  • aliphatic aromatic polyester such as Ecoflex, PBS (poly butylenes succinate), d-, 1-, and dl- PLA (polyactic acid) and starch composites
  • Ecoflex poly butylenes succinate
  • d-, 1-, and dl- PLA polyactic acid
  • starch composites have been successfully spun into round cross section fibers by melt spinning process.
  • the filter fibers herein have improved cross sectional shapes. These shaped fibers are formed into filters and used in reduced litter cigarettes.
  • the cross section of the fibers may be controlled by the shapes of the die used in the spinning processes.
  • the cross section of the fibers may be modified to Y, V, C, Triad, 4-DG, or JC by using appropriate dies in the melt spinning process.
  • Other fiber cross sections that have been reported in the literature such as those in U.S. Patent 6,907,895 are included herein by reference.
  • single or multi-strands of these shaped fibers from single or multiple components may be drawn and crimped into tow bands, or the strands of these shaped fibers made of faster degradable materials can be combined with cellulose acetate fibers to form a joint tow bands during the cigarette filter making process.
  • nonwovens from the above fibers can be produced from melt-blown, spun bonded, needle punched/felt, wet-laid, air-laid and other processes and then processed into cigarette filters by processes of rolling, folding or shredding.
  • Appropriate amounts of a bonding/hardening agent may be applied onto the fibers in the filters as needed for firmness and smoke subjective adjustment.
  • Adsorbents such as carbon granules and flavorants such as menthol can be impregnated into the micro cavities of the shaped fibers as well.

Abstract

Biodegradable cigarette filters comprise shaped fiber of PHBV. Included among these fiber shapes in cross section are Y, V, C, Triad, 4-DG and JC shapes. The shaped fibers may include micro cavities with adsorbents and/or flavorants in the cavities.

Description

DEGRADABLE CIGARETTE FILTERS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to degradable cigarette filters, and more particularly to shaped fibers made from degradable materials and the use of such shaped fibers in cigarette filters.
Conventional cigarette filter plugs are made of cellulose acetate fibers bonded to each other by triacetin. After smoking, the spent filters are sometimes discarded in the environment. The cellulose acetate filaments therein tend to degrade slower than tobacco and/or the paper parts of the cigarettes, often contributing to the litter in the environment. To reduce such litter, there is a need to replace cellulose acetate filaments in cigarette filters with materials that degrade faster than cellulose acetate in the environment. At the same time, there is also a need to retain the filtration chemistry, smoke characteristics and consumer acceptability from the cellulose acetate triacetin systems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Among the objects of the present invention is a cigarette filter produced from biodegradable materials formed into fibers with designed cross sectional shapes.
Another object of the present invention is a cigarette filter of biodegradable shaped fibers with increased surface area and reduced overall material per filter.
Still another object of the present invention is a cigarette filter of biodegradable shaped fibers having micro cavities therein for retaining flavorants and adsorbents for favor delivery and selective filtration.
In accordance with the present invention, a biodegradable cigarette filter comprises shaped fibers of PHBV. The fibers may have designed shapes in cross section that include Y, V, C, Triad, 4-DG and JC shapes. Moreover, the shaped fiber may include micro cavities with adsorbents and/or flavorants in the cavities.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Novel features and advantages of the present invention in addition to those mentioned above will become readily apparent to persons of ordinary skill in the art from a reading of the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein similar parts are identified by similar reference characters and in which:
Figure 1 is a cross sectional view of a shaped biodegradable fiber having a Y shape; Figure 2 is a cross sectional view of a shaped biodegradable fiber having a V shape ;
Figure 3 is a cross sectional view of a shaped biodegradable fiber having a C shape; Figure 4 is a cross sectional view of a shaped biodegradable fiber having a Triad shape; Figure 5 is a cross sectional view of a shaped biodegradable fiber having a 4-DG shape; and
Figure 6 is a cross sectional view of a shaped biodegradable fiber having a JC shape.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The cigarette filters of the present invention may be made of sheets, films, fiber bands, yarns, or non-wovens from biodegradable materials such as paper (wood pulps), wool, cellulose acetate with lower acetylating levels, starch, and starch based polymer composites, cotton, polyactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyhyroxyalkanoates, polyesters, polyesteramides, polycaprolactones, un-stabilized polypropylene, micro-glass materials, and their combinations. The biodegradable materials can be spun into fibers by melt spinning, dry spinning, wet spinning, electro spinning or any other known process into fibers.
For example, PHBV (Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) and its blends with aliphatic aromatic polyester such as Ecoflex, PBS (poly butylenes succinate), d-, 1-, and dl- PLA (polyactic acid) and starch composites have been successfully spun into round cross section fibers by melt spinning process. However, in order to increase the surface area and reduce material use per filter, the filter fibers herein have improved cross sectional shapes. These shaped fibers are formed into filters and used in reduced litter cigarettes. The cross section of the fibers may be controlled by the shapes of the die used in the spinning processes. As shown in Figures 1-6, the cross section of the fibers may be modified to Y, V, C, Triad, 4-DG, or JC by using appropriate dies in the melt spinning process. Other fiber cross sections that have been reported in the literature such as those in U.S. Patent 6,907,895 are included herein by reference. To process these shaped fibers into cigarette filters, single or multi-strands of these shaped fibers from single or multiple components may be drawn and crimped into tow bands, or the strands of these shaped fibers made of faster degradable materials can be combined with cellulose acetate fibers to form a joint tow bands during the cigarette filter making process. Alternatively, nonwovens from the above fibers can be produced from melt-blown, spun bonded, needle punched/felt, wet-laid, air-laid and other processes and then processed into cigarette filters by processes of rolling, folding or shredding. Appropriate amounts of a bonding/hardening agent may be applied onto the fibers in the filters as needed for firmness and smoke subjective adjustment. Adsorbents such as carbon granules and flavorants such as menthol can be impregnated into the micro cavities of the shaped fibers as well.

Claims

CLAIMS:
I . A biodegradable cigarette filter comprising shaped fibers of PHBV.
2. A biodegradable cigarette filter according to claim 1 wherein the fibers have a Y shape in cross section.
3. A biodegradable cigarette filter according to claim 1 wherein the fibers have a V shape in cross section.
4. A biodegradable cigarette filter according to claim 1 wherein the fibers have a C shape in cross section.
5. A biodegradable cigarette filter according to claim 1 wherein the fibers have a Triad shape in cross section.
6. A biodegradable cigarette filter according to claim 1 wherein the fibers have a 4-DG shape in cross section.
7. A biodegradable cigarette filter according to claim 1 wherein the fibers have a JC shape in cross section.
8. A biodegradable cigarette filter according to claim 1 wherein the fibers include micro cavities.
9. A biodegradable cigarette filter according to claim 8 including adsorbents in the micro cavities.
10. A biodegradable cigarette filter according to claim 9 wherein the adsorbents include carbon.
I I . A biodegradable cigarette filter according to claim 8 including flavorants in the micro cavities.
12. A biodegradable cigarette filter according to claim 11 wherein the flavorants include menthol.
PCT/IB2008/002793 2007-08-01 2008-07-31 Degradable cigarette filters WO2009016513A2 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BRPI0815065-6A2A BRPI0815065A2 (en) 2007-08-01 2008-07-31 DEGRADABLE CIGARETTE FILTERS
JP2010518776A JP2010535024A (en) 2007-08-01 2008-07-31 Decomposable cigarette filter
AU2008281436A AU2008281436A1 (en) 2007-08-01 2008-07-31 Degradable cigarette filters
EA201070199A EA201070199A1 (en) 2007-08-01 2008-07-31 BIODRAINED CIGARETT FILTER
MX2010001248A MX2010001248A (en) 2007-08-01 2008-07-31 Degradable cigarette filters.
CN200880024688A CN101742932A (en) 2007-08-01 2008-07-31 degradable cigarette filters
EP08826746A EP2170110A2 (en) 2007-08-01 2008-07-31 Degradable cigarette filters

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US95329607P 2007-08-01 2007-08-01
US60/953,296 2007-08-01

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009016513A2 true WO2009016513A2 (en) 2009-02-05
WO2009016513A8 WO2009016513A8 (en) 2009-03-19
WO2009016513A3 WO2009016513A3 (en) 2009-09-24

Family

ID=40304985

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2008/002793 WO2009016513A2 (en) 2007-08-01 2008-07-31 Degradable cigarette filters

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US20090032037A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2170110A2 (en)
JP (1) JP2010535024A (en)
KR (1) KR20100045412A (en)
CN (1) CN101742932A (en)
AU (1) AU2008281436A1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0815065A2 (en)
CO (1) CO6160279A2 (en)
EA (1) EA201070199A1 (en)
MX (1) MX2010001248A (en)
WO (1) WO2009016513A2 (en)

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WO2009143338A3 (en) * 2008-05-21 2010-01-21 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus and associated method for forming a filter component of a smoking article and smoking articles made therefrom
WO2010098933A1 (en) * 2009-02-25 2010-09-02 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filter comprising a degradable fiber
WO2011063631A1 (en) * 2009-11-30 2011-06-03 北京中科高意引擎技术有限公司 Biodegradable cigarette filter stick and cigarette
US8079369B2 (en) 2008-05-21 2011-12-20 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method of forming a cigarette filter rod member
CN102595942A (en) * 2009-10-23 2012-07-18 伊诺维亚薄膜有限公司 Biodegradable cigarette filter tow and its process of manufacture
WO2013034652A1 (en) * 2011-09-09 2013-03-14 Philip Morris Products S.A. Smoking article filter including polymeric insert
US8882647B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2014-11-11 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US9085660B2 (en) 2011-03-31 2015-07-21 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Blends of a polylactic acid and a water soluble polymer
US10292421B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2019-05-21 Philip Morris Products S.A. Smoking article filter including degradable filter component
WO2020201231A1 (en) 2019-04-05 2020-10-08 Jt International Sa Aerosol generating device with environmentally optimised filter
US10798966B2 (en) 2014-01-21 2020-10-13 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Filter materials and filters made therefrom

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US8991403B2 (en) * 2009-06-02 2015-03-31 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Thermal treatment process for tobacco materials
US8944072B2 (en) * 2009-06-02 2015-02-03 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Thermal treatment process for tobacco materials
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WO2012012053A1 (en) 2010-06-30 2012-01-26 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Biodegradable cigarette filter
US20120017925A1 (en) 2010-06-30 2012-01-26 Sebastian Andries D Degradable cigarette filter
CA2830232C (en) 2011-03-15 2020-03-10 Altria Client Services Inc. Biodegradable cigar tip
US8973588B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2015-03-10 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Plasticizer composition for degradable polyester filter tow
US9289012B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2016-03-22 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Plasticizer composition for degradable polyester filter tow
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WO2014018446A1 (en) * 2012-07-25 2014-01-30 Celanese Acetate Llc Spinneret comprising tri-arc holes and tri-arc filaments produced therefrom
US8790556B2 (en) * 2012-07-25 2014-07-29 Celanese Acetate Llc Process of making tri-arc filaments
EP2877045A4 (en) * 2012-07-25 2016-03-30 Celanese Acetate Llc Spinneret comprising tri-arc holes and tri-arc filaments produced therefrom
US9119419B2 (en) * 2012-10-10 2015-09-01 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filter material for a filter element of a smoking article, and associated system and method
GB2512746B (en) * 2014-02-25 2015-03-11 Cambridge Silicon Radio Ltd Thwarting traffic analysis
US10076135B2 (en) 2014-05-23 2018-09-18 Greenbutts Llc Biodegradable cigarette filter tow and method of manufacture
US10524500B2 (en) 2016-06-10 2020-01-07 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Staple fiber blend for use in the manufacture of cigarette filter elements
EP3821733B1 (en) * 2018-07-13 2023-11-22 Daicel Corporation Band for heated tobacco product tip, heated tobacco product tip, and production method of band for heated tobacco product tip
US20210015170A1 (en) * 2019-07-15 2021-01-21 Bio-On S.P.A. Aerosol-generating articles suitable for use in aerosol-generating devices
CN110477450B (en) * 2019-08-28 2023-07-11 深圳市智叶科技有限公司 Filter tip for electronic cigarette and preparation method thereof
CN111548772A (en) * 2020-05-29 2020-08-18 南通大学 Multi-walled carbon nanotube composite shape-stabilized phase change material and preparation method and application thereof

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Cited By (18)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9398777B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2016-07-26 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US9028385B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2015-05-12 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US8882647B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2014-11-11 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US10123562B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2018-11-13 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US11383477B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2022-07-12 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US8079369B2 (en) 2008-05-21 2011-12-20 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method of forming a cigarette filter rod member
US8496011B2 (en) 2008-05-21 2013-07-30 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for forming a filter component of a smoking article
WO2009143338A3 (en) * 2008-05-21 2010-01-21 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus and associated method for forming a filter component of a smoking article and smoking articles made therefrom
CN102365034A (en) * 2009-02-25 2012-02-29 R.J.雷诺兹烟草公司 Cigarette filter comprising a degradable fiber
WO2010098933A1 (en) * 2009-02-25 2010-09-02 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filter comprising a degradable fiber
CN102595942A (en) * 2009-10-23 2012-07-18 伊诺维亚薄膜有限公司 Biodegradable cigarette filter tow and its process of manufacture
CN105342004A (en) * 2009-10-23 2016-02-24 伊诺维亚薄膜有限公司 Biodegradable cigarette filter tow
WO2011063631A1 (en) * 2009-11-30 2011-06-03 北京中科高意引擎技术有限公司 Biodegradable cigarette filter stick and cigarette
US9085660B2 (en) 2011-03-31 2015-07-21 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Blends of a polylactic acid and a water soluble polymer
WO2013034652A1 (en) * 2011-09-09 2013-03-14 Philip Morris Products S.A. Smoking article filter including polymeric insert
US10292421B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2019-05-21 Philip Morris Products S.A. Smoking article filter including degradable filter component
US10798966B2 (en) 2014-01-21 2020-10-13 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Filter materials and filters made therefrom
WO2020201231A1 (en) 2019-04-05 2020-10-08 Jt International Sa Aerosol generating device with environmentally optimised filter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MX2010001248A (en) 2010-03-01
CO6160279A2 (en) 2010-05-20
CN101742932A (en) 2010-06-16
JP2010535024A (en) 2010-11-18
EA201070199A1 (en) 2010-06-30
KR20100045412A (en) 2010-05-03
BRPI0815065A2 (en) 2015-02-10
US20090032037A1 (en) 2009-02-05
WO2009016513A3 (en) 2009-09-24
EP2170110A2 (en) 2010-04-07
WO2009016513A8 (en) 2009-03-19
AU2008281436A1 (en) 2009-02-05

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