WO2009094165A1 - Oscillating mirror for image projection - Google Patents
Oscillating mirror for image projection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009094165A1 WO2009094165A1 PCT/US2009/000413 US2009000413W WO2009094165A1 WO 2009094165 A1 WO2009094165 A1 WO 2009094165A1 US 2009000413 W US2009000413 W US 2009000413W WO 2009094165 A1 WO2009094165 A1 WO 2009094165A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mirror
- axis
- recited
- spring
- frequency
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
- H04N9/315—Modulator illumination systems
- H04N9/3161—Modulator illumination systems using laser light sources
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/48—Laser speckle optics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/20—Lamp housings
- G03B21/2006—Lamp housings characterised by the light source
- G03B21/2033—LED or laser light sources
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/20—Lamp housings
- G03B21/208—Homogenising, shaping of the illumination light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/22—Telecentric objectives or lens systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
Definitions
- Small image projection systems may provide the potential to include projection capability in small portable electronic devices such as cell phones and PDAs. Some such systems may use laser light to create the image. But, the coherence of a light beam from a laser may lead to image artifacts that degrade image quality.
- One aspect provides an apparatus that includes a substrate and a mirror.
- the mirror is attached to the substrate via a spring.
- An electro-mechanical driver is operable to cause the mirror to rotationally oscillate about first and second non-collinear axes at different first and second frequencies.
- FIG. 1 illustrates image projection systems of the disclosure
- FIG. 2 illustrates a reflector, e.g., usable in the image projection system of FIG. 1;
- FIGs. 3A-3C illustrate a light beam illuminating a spatial light modulator (SLM), e.g., an SLM of the system of FIG. 1;
- SLM spatial light modulator
- FIGs. 12A-12C illustrate an embodiment of a reflector usable, e.g. in the system of FIG. 1, using an actuator located at a position offset from axes of rotation; and
- FIGs. 13A and 13B illustrate an embodiment of a reflector usable, e.g. in the system of FIG. 1 (FIG. 13A), and an array of such reflectors (FIG. 13B) .
- speckle refers to small image defects, e.g., pseudo-random spatial intensity patterns, that are produced by the interference of coherent light waves. Such interference can occur, e.g., in a light beam producing the image, at a screen on which the image is projected, or in light diffusely reflecting off such a screen.
- speckle may be produced by interference of separate light waves produced by reflection off the roughness of a viewing surface.
- SLM spatial light modulator
- the inventors have recognized that illuminating an SLM with light reflected from a planar, convex, or concave mirror driven to undergo vibratory rotations about two axes can generate multiple uncorrelated speckle patterns.
- the eigenfrequencies of such vibrational modes of the mirror are selected to differ by greater than the flicker fusion rate of a typical human eye. Eigenfrequencies are defined and discussed below.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of an imaging system 100.
- Some elements of the imaging systems described herein and the methods of using said elements to produce projected images may be described in one or more of: U.S. Patent 7440158; U.S. Patent Application Nos. 12/017984, 12/017440 (the M40 application), 12/009991, and 12/009851, which were all filed on January 22, 2008; U.S. Patent Application Nos. 11/713155, 11/681376, and 11/713483, which were all filed on March 2, 2007; and U.S. Patent Application No.
- the imaging system 100 includes an optical source 110, a diffusing/spreading optical lens system 120, a reflector 130, a polarization beam splitter (PBS) 140 and an SLM 150.
- the optical source 110 includes coherent light sources 112a, 112b, 112c (referred to collectively as light sources 112), which may be, e.g., red, green and blue lasers, respectively.
- a color combiner (also known as an "x- cube") 114 may combine the outputs of the coherent light sources 112a, 112b, 112c to produce a single light beam 115.
- the light beam 115 passes through the diffusing/spreading optical lens system 120 to, e.g., increase the cross sectional area of the light beam 115 and to collimate the resulting light beam.
- the light beam 115 then reflects from the reflector 130 with a reflected light beam 135.
- the PBS 140 directs the reflected light beam 135 to illuminate the SLM 150.
- the SLM 150 may be, e.g., a planar array of liquid-crystal pixels, e.g., liquid-crystals-on-silicon (LCoS) , or a MEMS-operated micro-mirror array.
- the SLM 150 may be configured as, e.g., a spatial amplitude modulator.
- the reflected light beam 135 passes through a compensating waveplate 155 used, e.g., to enhance contrast of a projected image.
- the SLM 150 is an LCoS device, e.g., an individual pixel thereof can be activated or non-activated to cause the light to be reflected from that pixel with the opposite or same polarization state, respectively, as the reflected light beam 135.
- one of vertical or horizontal polarized light reflects off the pixel and through the PBS 140 to projection optics (not shown) and thereby provides a bright-field pixel of a projected image.
- the other of horizontal or vertical polarized light passes through the PBS 140 in the direction orthogonal to the projection optics and thereby provides a dark-field pixel of the image.
- the pixels of the SLM 150 is an LCoS device, e.g., an individual pixel thereof can be activated or non-activated to cause the light to be reflected from that pixel with the opposite or same polarization state, respectively, as the
- the output light beam 160 may be further manipulated by a spatial filter (not shown) to form the light beam that produces a projected image.
- a dielectric mirror includes a number of dielectric layers of different refractive index, e.g., alternating index, to provide high reflectivity, e.g., as a Bragg reflector, over a narrow range of wavelengths.
- the dielectric mirror may be formed on, e.g., a glass or silicon substrate by conventional deposition techniques.
- the mirror 210 has a surface normal N associated therewith. In an undeflected state of the mirror 210 (also referred to an equilibrium or rest position) , the light beam 115 is reflected from the mirror 210 to form the reflected light beam 135.
- the direction of light beams 115, 135 may be represented by, e.g., Poynting vectors S in and S out , respectively.
- the mirror In a deflected state (also referred to as a nonequilibrium position) , the mirror, designated 210 ' , has a surface normal N' associated therewith. The deflection of the mirror is due to the driving forces applied in the x-y plane as described in detail below.
- a reflected light beam 135 ' has a direction represented by a Poynting
- FIG. 2 illustrates the case in which the tilting of the mirror 210 is due to rotation of the mirror 210 about the y-axis.
- the surface normal N thus rotates in the x-z plane of the illustrated reference frame.
- the mirror 210 may also be rotated about the x- axis to cause the N to rotate in the y-z plane.
- the mirror 210 can be tilted about two non-collinear axes in response to the driving forces of the mirror 210.
- the tilting causes the direction of S to vary in time in two dimensions.
- a multi-color image may be formed by temporally interleaving a sequence of monochromatic frames with a selected sequence of colors, e.g., red, green and blue.
- FIGs. 3B and 3C illustrate the reflected light beams 135, 135' . The reflected light moves dynamically in
- the actuators 440, 450 produce forces on the mirror 410 and due to their off-center positions produce torques that cause the mirror 410 to rotate from an equilibrium orientation.
- the actuators 440, 450 may be electromechanical drivers and may provide attractive or repulsive forces. The forces may be produced by, e.g., capacitors, electro-magnets, or piezoelectric components that change their length in an applied electrical field.
- the actuators 440, 450 include vertically facing magnetic components that may be operated to attract or repel each other. More specifically, the actuator 440 may include actuator components 440a, 440b such as, e.g., a permanent magnet 440a, and an electromagnet 440b.
- the actuators 440 and/or 450 may be driven by an alternating current (AC) source.
- the AC source may be connected across a capacitor in the actuator 440 or the actuator 450.
- the mirror 410 rotationally oscillates resonantly or non-resonantly, i.e., depending on the driving frequencies.
- the AC source may provide a continuously varying alternating current to the actuators 440, 450.
- the AC source provides periodic quasi- digital impulses.
- the mirror 410, spring 430 and any actuator components attached to the mirror 410 form a mechanical filter.
- the rotational oscillation of the mirror 410 is non-resonant, because the AC driving forces have frequencies far from a resonant frequency. In some cases, resonant frequency may not exist, or a Q of the moving assembly may be too low (highly damped) to provide for clear resonances.
- the orientation of the mirror 410 may be set to a value commanded by a controller (not shown) . The controller may also provide a signal configured to rotate the mirror 410 about the x and y axes, e.g., in a coordinated manner that results in a desired oscillatory rotation about an axis.
- FIGs. 5A and 5B illustrate the reflector 400 in a deflected configuration.
- FIG. 5A corresponds to FIG. 4B
- FIG. 5B corresponds to FIG. 4C.
- the actuator components 450a, 450b in combination with the mirror 410 and the spring 430 may have a mechanical resonant frequency ⁇ e associated with the rotational oscillations about the y axis.
- a beat frequency ⁇ equal to the magnitude of ⁇ - ⁇ e may result.
- ⁇ is less than the flicker fusion rate of a viewer, motion of the speckle peaks may be perceived by some viewers.
- the eigenfrequencies are selected to result in a beat frequency that is greater than the flicker fusion rate of the human eye, e.g., about 16 s "1 . In this manner, perception of lateral motion and/or deformation of the speckle peaks caused by the resonant mechanical driving of the mirror 410 is expected to be substantially reduced.
- the mirror 410 is rectangular, as illustrated, and the spring 430 provides a symmetric force along the rotational axes of the mirror 410, e.g., a spring 430 with circular cross section
- the mirror 410 will have a first eigenfrequency associated with rotational oscillations about the x axis (the long axis of the mirror 410) and will have a different second eigenfrequency associated with rotational oscillations about the y axis (the short axis of the mirror 410) .
- Other variations of the mechanical characteristics of the reflector 400 may also result in two different eigenfrequencies when AC driving the mirror 410 to perform rotational oscillations about non- collinear axes.
- the spring 430 may be formed to produce a different restoring force for rotational oscillations about different rotational axis.
- a spring may be formed with, e.g., a rectangular cross-section or with a material component having axially non-symmetric mechanical properties.
- the actuators 440, 450 may be attached to the mirror 410 and the substrate 420 by conventional techniques, e.g., adhesive or solder. Other aspects of the actuator configuration generally depend on the type of actuator employed. For example, a permanent magnet needs only to be mechanically attached to the mirror 410 or the substrate 420. An electromagnet, however, also requires electrical connections to energize the magnet.
- FIG. 10 illustrated is an embodiment of a planar, convex or concave reflector, generally designated 1000.
- the reflector 1000 includes a spring 1010 that has a different restoring force in the x and y directions. Actuators are present but not shown. Without limitation, the spring 1010 is shown as having a rectangular cross-section. Because the spring 1010 applies an axially asymmetric restoring force, a planar, convex, or concave mirror 1020 may be axially symmetric and still have two different eigenfrequencies for rotational oscillations about the x and y axes. Such a configuration may be desirable in cases in which the light beam 115 has a square or circular cross-section, e.g.
- the actuator 1210 is located at a position displaced from the x and y axes of the planar, convex, or concave mirror 1220. In the illustrated embodiment, the actuator 1210 is placed on the diagonal of the square mirror 1220, but need not be.
- a control signal is provided to the actuator 1210 by a controller (not shown) configured to cause the actuator to simultaneously drive the mirror 1220 at both of its eigenfrequencies .
- the control signal may include, e.g., frequency components corresponding to each eigenfrequency to be excited.
- the configuration of the reflector 1200 advantageously reduces component count relative to embodiments using separate actuators to excite the various rotational vibrational modes of the mirror .
- the MEMS mirror 1300 is controllable to be tilted around the first axis independently of its tilt about the second axis.
- an incident light beam may be reflected by the MEMS mirror 1300 arbitrarily within a cone defined by the tilt limits of the mirror 1310.
- a controller (not shown) may be configured to produce a desired temporal deflection pattern determined to reduce the effect of speckling on the image created by the output light beam 160 from the mirror 1300.
- the mirror 1310 is driven to perform oscillatory tilts about the first axis at a first frequency ⁇ 0 and to perform oscillatory tilts about the second axis at a second different frequency ⁇ .
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09703884.8A EP2240813B1 (en) | 2008-01-22 | 2009-01-22 | Oscillating mirror for image projection |
JP2010544330A JP5536672B2 (en) | 2008-01-22 | 2009-01-22 | Apparatus and method using vibrating mirror for image projection |
CN2009801027121A CN101925845B (en) | 2008-01-22 | 2009-01-22 | Oscillating mirror for image projection |
KR1020107016513A KR101169534B1 (en) | 2008-01-22 | 2009-01-22 | Oscillating mirror for image projection |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/017,440 | 2008-01-22 | ||
US12/017,440 US8109638B2 (en) | 2008-01-22 | 2008-01-22 | Diffuser configuration for an image projector |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009094165A1 true WO2009094165A1 (en) | 2009-07-30 |
Family
ID=40583496
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2009/000352 WO2009094136A1 (en) | 2008-01-22 | 2009-01-21 | Diffuser configuration for an image projector |
PCT/US2009/000413 WO2009094165A1 (en) | 2008-01-22 | 2009-01-22 | Oscillating mirror for image projection |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2009/000352 WO2009094136A1 (en) | 2008-01-22 | 2009-01-21 | Diffuser configuration for an image projector |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US8109638B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2240823A1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP2011510357A (en) |
KR (2) | KR20100095028A (en) |
CN (2) | CN101925855A (en) |
WO (2) | WO2009094136A1 (en) |
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KR20100095028A (en) | 2010-08-27 |
JP2011510358A (en) | 2011-03-31 |
CN101925855A (en) | 2010-12-22 |
CN101925845B (en) | 2013-09-11 |
KR20100106517A (en) | 2010-10-01 |
CN101925845A (en) | 2010-12-22 |
JP2011510357A (en) | 2011-03-31 |
EP2240813A1 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
WO2009094136A1 (en) | 2009-07-30 |
US8109638B2 (en) | 2012-02-07 |
EP2240823A1 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
US20090185141A1 (en) | 2009-07-23 |
US20120075598A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
KR101169534B1 (en) | 2012-07-30 |
EP2240813B1 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
JP5536672B2 (en) | 2014-07-02 |
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