WO2009152225A1 - System and method for output control of electrosurgical generator - Google Patents

System and method for output control of electrosurgical generator Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009152225A1
WO2009152225A1 PCT/US2009/046870 US2009046870W WO2009152225A1 WO 2009152225 A1 WO2009152225 A1 WO 2009152225A1 US 2009046870 W US2009046870 W US 2009046870W WO 2009152225 A1 WO2009152225 A1 WO 2009152225A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
impedance
tissue
variance
segment
electrosurgical
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2009/046870
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ronald J. Podhajsky
Kristin D. Johnson
Jason Case
Original Assignee
Tyco Healthcare Group Lp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tyco Healthcare Group Lp filed Critical Tyco Healthcare Group Lp
Priority to EP09763515.5A priority Critical patent/EP2296572B1/en
Priority to JP2011513657A priority patent/JP5524956B2/en
Publication of WO2009152225A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009152225A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/08—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by means of electrically-heated probes
    • A61B18/10—Power sources therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/00642—Sensing and controlling the application of energy with feedback, i.e. closed loop control
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/00696—Controlled or regulated parameters
    • A61B2018/00702—Power or energy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/00773—Sensed parameters
    • A61B2018/00791—Temperature
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/00773—Sensed parameters
    • A61B2018/00875—Resistance or impedance

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a system and method for performing electrosurgical procedures. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a system and method for controlling output of an electrosurgical generator based on sensed tissue feedback.
  • Electrosurgery involves application of high radio frequency electrical current to a surgical site to cut, ablate, coagulate or seal tissue.
  • a source or active electrode delivers radio frequency energy from the electrosurgical generator to the tissue and a return electrode carries the current back to the generator.
  • the source electrode is typically part of the surgical instrument held by the surgeon and applied to the tissue to be treated.
  • a patient return electrode is placed remotely from the active electrode to carry the current back to the generator.
  • Ablation is a monopolar procedure which is particularly useful in the field of neurosurgery and cancer tumor hyperthermia, where one or more RF ablation needle electrodes (usually of elongated cylindrical geometry) are inserted into a living body.
  • RF ablation needle electrodes usually of elongated cylindrical geometry
  • a typical form of such needle electrodes incorporates an insulated sheath from which an exposed (uninsulated) tip extends.
  • RF energy is provided between the return electrode and the inserted ablation electrode, RF current flows from the needle electrode through the body.
  • the current density is very high near the tip of the needle electrode, which tends to heat and destroy surrounding tissue.
  • one of the electrodes of the hand-held instrument functions as the active electrode and the other as the return electrode.
  • the return electrode is placed in close proximity to the active electrode such that an electrical circuit is formed between the two electrodes (e.g., electrosurgical forceps).
  • an electrical circuit is formed between the two electrodes (e.g., electrosurgical forceps).
  • the applied electrical current is limited to the body tissue positioned between the electrodes.
  • sensed tissue feedback may be used to control delivery of electrosurgical energy. Therefore, a need exists to develop an electrosurgical system and method which allows for precisely controlling output of an electrosurgical generator based on sensed tissue feedback.
  • the present disclosure relates to a system and method for performing electrosurgical procedures.
  • the system continuously monitors impedance during an electrosurgical procedure as energy is being applied to the tissue.
  • the system generates a variance impedance curve based on the measured impedance and a moving time window which represents a segment of the variance impedance curve.
  • the system calculates a slope of the segment to determine if the slope is within a predetermined threshold. Once the predetermined slope threshold is reached, the system calculates a bubble factor that represents the rate of formation and absorption of bubbles within tissue. Depending on the calculated bubble factor, the system adjusts the power output to maintain the bubble factor within a predetermined bubble factor threshold. This ensures that the impedance of the tissue is maintained at a minimum thereby providing maximum conductance.
  • a system includes an electrosurgical generator adapted to supply electrosurgical energy to tissue.
  • the generator includes sensor circuitry adapted to continuously monitor tissue impedance to generate a variance impedance curve and a microprocessor adapted to calculate a slope of a segment of the variance impedance curve.
  • the microprocessor also calculates a bubble factor that represents the rate of formation and absorption of bubbles within tissue to determine minimum tissue impedance and maximum tissue conductance.
  • the system further includes an electrosurgical instrument which includes one or more active electrodes adapted to apply electrosurgical energy to tissue.
  • a method for performing electrosurgical procedures includes the steps of applying electrosurgical energy to tissue from an electrosurgical generator and continuously monitoring tissue impedance to generate a variance impedance curve.
  • the method further includes the steps of calculating a slope of a segment of the variance impedance curve and calculating a bubble factor representing rate of formation and absorption of bubbles within tissue to determine minimum tissue impedance and maximum tissue conductance.
  • an electrosurgical generator adapted to supply electrosurgical energy to tissue.
  • the generator includes sensor circuitry adapted to continuously monitor tissue impedance to generate a variance impedance curve and a microprocessor adapted to calculate a slope of a segment of the variance impedance curve and bubble factor representing rate of formation and absorption of bubbles within tissue to determine minimum tissue impedance and maximum tissue conductance.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an electrosurgical system according to the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a generator according to the present disclosure
  • Fig. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method according to the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 4 is an illustrative graph showing average impedance values over time.
  • Fig. 5 is an illustrative graph showing variance impedance values over time according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an electrosurgical system according to the present disclosure.
  • the system includes an electrosurgical instrument 10 having one or more electrodes for treating tissue of a patient P.
  • the instrument 10 may be either of monopolar type including one or more active electrodes (e.g., electrosurgical cutting probe, ablation electrode(s), etc.) or of bipolar type including one or more active and return electrodes (e.g., electrosurgical sealing forceps).
  • Electrosurgical RF energy is supplied to the instrument 10 by a generator 20 via a supply line 12, which is operably connected to an active output terminal, allowing the instrument 10 to coagulate, seal, ablate and/or otherwise treat tissue.
  • the instrument 10 is of monopolar type then energy may be returned to the generator 20 through a return electrode (not explicitly shown) which may be one or more electrode pads disposed on the patient's body.
  • the system may include a plurality of return electrodes which are believed to minimize the chances of damaged tissue by maximizing the overall contact area with the patient P.
  • the generator 20 and the monopolar return electrode may be configured for monitoring so called "tissue-to-patient" contact to insure that sufficient contact exists therebetween to further minimize chances of tissue damage.
  • the return electrode is disposed in proximity to the active electrode (e.g., on opposing jaws of bipolar forceps). It is also envisioned that the generator 20 may include a plurality of supply and return terminals and a corresponding number of electrode leads.
  • the generator 20 includes input controls (e.g., buttons, activators, switches, touch screen, etc.) for controlling the generator 20.
  • the generator 20 may include one or more display screens for providing the surgeon with variety of output information (e.g., intensity settings, treatment complete indicators, etc.).
  • the controls allow the surgeon to adjust power of the RF energy, waveform, and other parameters to achieve the desired waveform suitable for a particular task (e.g., coagulating, tissue sealing, intensity setting, etc.).
  • the instrument 10 may include a plurality of input controls which may be redundant with certain input controls of the generator 20. Placing the input controls at the instrument 10 allows for easier and faster modification of RF energy parameters during the surgical procedure without requiring interaction with the generator 20.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of the generator 20 having a controller 24, a high voltage DC power supply 27 ("HVPS") and an RF output stage 28.
  • the HVPS 27 provides high voltage DC power to an RP output stage 28 which then converts high voltage DC power into RP energy and delivers the RF energy to the active electrode of the instrument 10.
  • the RF output stage 28 generates sinusoidal waveforms of high frequency RF energy.
  • the RF output stage 28 is configured to generate a plurality of waveforms having various duty cycles, peak voltages, crest factors, and other parameters. Certain types of waveforms are suitable for specific electrosurgical modes. For instance, the RF output stage 28 generates a 100% duty cycle sinusoidal waveform in cut mode, which is best suited for dissecting tissue and a 25% duty cycle waveform in coagulation mode, which is best used for cauterizing tissue to stop bleeding.
  • the controller 24 includes a microprocessor 25 operably connected to a memory 26 which may be volatile type memory (e.g., RAM) and/or non-volatile type memory (e.g., flash media, disk media, etc.).
  • the microprocessor 25 includes an output port which is operably connected to the HVPS 27 and/or RF output stage 28 allowing the microprocessor 25 to control the output of the generator 20 according to either open and/or closed control loop schemes.
  • a closed loop control scheme is a feedback control loop wherein sensor circuitry 22, which may include a plurality of sensors measuring a variety of tissue and energy properties (e.g., tissue impedance, tissue temperature, output current and/or voltage, etc.), provides feedback to the controller 24. Such sensors are within the purview of those skilled in the art.
  • the controller 24 then signals the HVPS 27 and/or RF output stage 28 which then adjust DC and/or RF power supply, respectively.
  • the controller 24 also receives input signals from the input controls of the generator 20 or the instrument 10.
  • the controller 24 utilizes the input signals to adjust power outputted by the generator 20 and/or performs other control functions thereon.
  • Fig. 3 shows a method according to the present disclosure for controlling output of the generator in response to monitored tissue impedance.
  • the instrument 10 is brought into a treatment site of the tissue and the generator 20 supplies electrosurgical energy to the tissue through the instrument 10.
  • impedance is continuously monitored by the sensor circuitry 22.
  • voltage and current signals are monitored and corresponding impedance values are calculated at the sensor circuitry 22 and/or at the microprocessor 25. Power and other energy properties may also be calculated based on collected voltage and current signals.
  • the microprocessor 25 stores the collected voltage, current, and impedance within the memory 26.
  • Figs. 4 and 5 Changes in impedance of tissue undergoing electrosurgical treatment (e.g., ablation) are illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5.
  • Fig. 4 shows an averaged impedance curve 200 which is generated based on time averaged RMS impedance values, thus, it appears smooth (i.e., lacking variation between the values). Initially, there is a slow drop 210 in impedance as energy is applied. After the tissue reacts, which occurs at a cusp 220, there is a quick rise 230.
  • Fig. 4 also shows a conductance curve 300, which is an inverse of the impedance curve 200.
  • Impedance of tissue follows the general trend of the averaged impedance curve 200, however, the averaged impedance curve 200 lacks detail a of minute impedance variations. These variations are shown in a variance impedance curve 400 in Fig. 5.
  • the generator 20 plots the variance impedance curve 400 based on measured impedances values.
  • the impedance values are not time-averaged and represent every change in impedance measured by the sensor circuitry 22. Initially, there is a slow drop 410 which is smooth, however, a cusp 420 and a rise 430 show significant variance 440.
  • the variance 440 is indicative of rapid changes in impedance.
  • Fig. 5 also shows a conductance curve 500, which is an inverse of the impedance curve 400.
  • cusps 220 and 420 represent the maximum point of conductance wherein a maximum amount energy can be supplied to the tissue.
  • maintaining impedance at the at its minimum e.g., cusps 220 and 420
  • steps 130-170 a point of maximum conductance which corresponds to the cusp
  • a moving time window 205 which is synchronized with actual running time, is generated.
  • the time window 205 is moved along the variance impedance curve 400 as the procedure progresses and selects a specific segment thereof for analysis. It is envisioned that the time period represented by the window 205 may be from about 2 to about 15 seconds.
  • the window may be realized as a FIFO (e.g., first in first out) buffer which is within purview of those skilled in the art.
  • step 140 the window 205 is divided into a first half 206 and a second half 207.
  • step 150 an average impedance value is determined for the halves of the window 205, namely the impedance values of the first and second halves 206 and 207 are averaged.
  • the slope of the impedance curve 400 is calculated by comparing the average impedance values of the first and second halves 206 and 207. If the average of the second half 207 is less than the average of the first half 206 then the slope is negative (e.g., the curve is decreasing). If the average of the second half 207 is greater than the average of the first half 206 then the slope is positive (e.g., the curve is increasing).
  • the relationship between the average impedance values of the first and second halves 206 and 207 and the slope may also be expressed by the formula (1):
  • step 160 the slope is compared with a predetermined slope threshold. It is envisioned the slope threshold may be approximately zero to represent the cusp 420 which coincides with maximum conductance.
  • the comparison step 160 allows for determining a point at which bubble formation begins to occur. Since bubble formation occurs only after the slow drop 410 at the cusp 420 "bubbling" does not occur until this point is reached. Hence, the method proceeds to step 170 only after the slope corresponds to a point on the impedance curve 400 at which bubbles begin forming thereby preventing unnecessary calculations of so called "bubble factors.”
  • step 170 a bubble factor is calculated by subtracting variance of the first half 206 from the variance of the second half 207 as expressed by the formula (2):
  • Variance of second half- variance of first half bubble factor.
  • the bubble factor is the difference between the variances of the impedance values.
  • the bubble factor identifies the changes in bubble formation.
  • the real-time peak-to-peak variance which is used to calculate the bubble factor is more useful in determining the minimum impedance (i.e., maximum conductance) than the averaged RMS impedance signal since the peaks are more easily determined.
  • step 180 power adjustments to the output of the generator 20 are made based on the bubble factor. If the calculated bubble factor is positive, the variance in the second half 207 is larger than the variance in the first half 206 which represents increased bubble formation. In response to a positive bubble factor, the generator 20 decreases power. If the bubble factor is negative, which means that the variance in the first half 206 is larger than the variance in the second half 207, i.e., rate of bubble formation is decreasing, the power output is increased. If the bubble factor is approximately zero, which denotes that bubble formation is approximately being held constant, the power output is maintained at its current level. As a result, the output of the generator 20 is controlled as a function of the bubble factor.
  • the output of the generator 20 is adjusted so that the slope of impedance and bubble factor are maintained at a predetermined threshold, wherein the bubble formation is kept at a predetermined level as expressed by the bubble factor threshold. This allows for maintaining maximum conductance of the tissue resulting in efficient energy being transferred to the tissue as well as increased accuracy and repeatability of hyperthermal treatments.

Abstract

An electrosurgical system and method are disclosed. The system includes an electrosurgical generator adapted to supply electrosurgical energy to tissue. The generator includes sensor circuitry adapted to continuously monitor tissue impedance to generate a variance impedance curve and a microprocessor adapted to calculate a slope of a segment of the variance impedance curve. The microprocessor also calculates a bubble factor that represents the rate of formation and absorption of bubbles within tissue to determine minimum tissue impedance and maximum tissue conductance. The system further includes an electrosurgical instrument which includes one or more active electrodes adapted to apply electrosurgical energy to tissue.

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR OUTPUT CONTROL OF ELECTROSURGICAL GENERATOR
BACKGROUND
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a system and method for performing electrosurgical procedures. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a system and method for controlling output of an electrosurgical generator based on sensed tissue feedback.
Background of Related Art
Electrosurgery involves application of high radio frequency electrical current to a surgical site to cut, ablate, coagulate or seal tissue. In monopolar electrosurgery, a source or active electrode delivers radio frequency energy from the electrosurgical generator to the tissue and a return electrode carries the current back to the generator. In monopolar electrosurgery, the source electrode is typically part of the surgical instrument held by the surgeon and applied to the tissue to be treated. A patient return electrode is placed remotely from the active electrode to carry the current back to the generator.
Ablation is a monopolar procedure which is particularly useful in the field of neurosurgery and cancer tumor hyperthermia, where one or more RF ablation needle electrodes (usually of elongated cylindrical geometry) are inserted into a living body. A typical form of such needle electrodes incorporates an insulated sheath from which an exposed (uninsulated) tip extends. When RF energy is provided between the return electrode and the inserted ablation electrode, RF current flows from the needle electrode through the body. Typically, the current density is very high near the tip of the needle electrode, which tends to heat and destroy surrounding tissue.
In bipolar electrosurgery, one of the electrodes of the hand-held instrument functions as the active electrode and the other as the return electrode. The return electrode is placed in close proximity to the active electrode such that an electrical circuit is formed between the two electrodes (e.g., electrosurgical forceps). In this manner, the applied electrical current is limited to the body tissue positioned between the electrodes. When the electrodes are sufficiently separated from one another, the electrical circuit is open and thus inadvertent contact with body tissue with either of the separated electrodes does not cause current to flow.
It is known in the art that sensed tissue feedback may be used to control delivery of electrosurgical energy. Therefore, a need exists to develop an electrosurgical system and method which allows for precisely controlling output of an electrosurgical generator based on sensed tissue feedback.
SUMMARY
The present disclosure relates to a system and method for performing electrosurgical procedures. The system continuously monitors impedance during an electrosurgical procedure as energy is being applied to the tissue. The system generates a variance impedance curve based on the measured impedance and a moving time window which represents a segment of the variance impedance curve. The system calculates a slope of the segment to determine if the slope is within a predetermined threshold. Once the predetermined slope threshold is reached, the system calculates a bubble factor that represents the rate of formation and absorption of bubbles within tissue. Depending on the calculated bubble factor, the system adjusts the power output to maintain the bubble factor within a predetermined bubble factor threshold. This ensures that the impedance of the tissue is maintained at a minimum thereby providing maximum conductance.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure a system is provided. The system includes an electrosurgical generator adapted to supply electrosurgical energy to tissue. The generator includes sensor circuitry adapted to continuously monitor tissue impedance to generate a variance impedance curve and a microprocessor adapted to calculate a slope of a segment of the variance impedance curve. The microprocessor also calculates a bubble factor that represents the rate of formation and absorption of bubbles within tissue to determine minimum tissue impedance and maximum tissue conductance. The system further includes an electrosurgical instrument which includes one or more active electrodes adapted to apply electrosurgical energy to tissue.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure a method for performing electrosurgical procedures is provided. The method includes the steps of applying electrosurgical energy to tissue from an electrosurgical generator and continuously monitoring tissue impedance to generate a variance impedance curve. The method further includes the steps of calculating a slope of a segment of the variance impedance curve and calculating a bubble factor representing rate of formation and absorption of bubbles within tissue to determine minimum tissue impedance and maximum tissue conductance.
According to a further aspect of the present disclosure an electrosurgical generator adapted to supply electrosurgical energy to tissue is provided. The generator includes sensor circuitry adapted to continuously monitor tissue impedance to generate a variance impedance curve and a microprocessor adapted to calculate a slope of a segment of the variance impedance curve and bubble factor representing rate of formation and absorption of bubbles within tissue to determine minimum tissue impedance and maximum tissue conductance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Various embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to the drawings wherein:
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an electrosurgical system according to the present disclosure;
Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a generator according to the present disclosure;
Fig. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method according to the present disclosure; and
Fig. 4 is an illustrative graph showing average impedance values over time; and
Fig. 5 is an illustrative graph showing variance impedance values over time according to the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Particular embodiments of the present disclosure are described hereinbelow with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the present disclosure in unnecessary detail. Those skilled in the art will understand that the invention according to the present disclosure may be adapted for use with either monopolar or bipolar electrosurgical systems. Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of an electrosurgical system according to the present disclosure. The system includes an electrosurgical instrument 10 having one or more electrodes for treating tissue of a patient P. The instrument 10 may be either of monopolar type including one or more active electrodes (e.g., electrosurgical cutting probe, ablation electrode(s), etc.) or of bipolar type including one or more active and return electrodes (e.g., electrosurgical sealing forceps). Electrosurgical RF energy is supplied to the instrument 10 by a generator 20 via a supply line 12, which is operably connected to an active output terminal, allowing the instrument 10 to coagulate, seal, ablate and/or otherwise treat tissue.
If the instrument 10 is of monopolar type then energy may be returned to the generator 20 through a return electrode (not explicitly shown) which may be one or more electrode pads disposed on the patient's body. The system may include a plurality of return electrodes which are believed to minimize the chances of damaged tissue by maximizing the overall contact area with the patient P. In addition, the generator 20 and the monopolar return electrode may be configured for monitoring so called "tissue-to-patient" contact to insure that sufficient contact exists therebetween to further minimize chances of tissue damage.
If the instrument 10 is of bipolar type, the return electrode is disposed in proximity to the active electrode (e.g., on opposing jaws of bipolar forceps). It is also envisioned that the generator 20 may include a plurality of supply and return terminals and a corresponding number of electrode leads. The generator 20 includes input controls (e.g., buttons, activators, switches, touch screen, etc.) for controlling the generator 20. hi addition, the generator 20 may include one or more display screens for providing the surgeon with variety of output information (e.g., intensity settings, treatment complete indicators, etc.). The controls allow the surgeon to adjust power of the RF energy, waveform, and other parameters to achieve the desired waveform suitable for a particular task (e.g., coagulating, tissue sealing, intensity setting, etc.). It is also envisioned that the instrument 10 may include a plurality of input controls which may be redundant with certain input controls of the generator 20. Placing the input controls at the instrument 10 allows for easier and faster modification of RF energy parameters during the surgical procedure without requiring interaction with the generator 20. Fig. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of the generator 20 having a controller 24, a high voltage DC power supply 27 ("HVPS") and an RF output stage 28. The HVPS 27 provides high voltage DC power to an RP output stage 28 which then converts high voltage DC power into RP energy and delivers the RF energy to the active electrode of the instrument 10. In particular, the RF output stage 28 generates sinusoidal waveforms of high frequency RF energy. The RF output stage 28 is configured to generate a plurality of waveforms having various duty cycles, peak voltages, crest factors, and other parameters. Certain types of waveforms are suitable for specific electrosurgical modes. For instance, the RF output stage 28 generates a 100% duty cycle sinusoidal waveform in cut mode, which is best suited for dissecting tissue and a 25% duty cycle waveform in coagulation mode, which is best used for cauterizing tissue to stop bleeding.
The controller 24 includes a microprocessor 25 operably connected to a memory 26 which may be volatile type memory (e.g., RAM) and/or non-volatile type memory (e.g., flash media, disk media, etc.). The microprocessor 25 includes an output port which is operably connected to the HVPS 27 and/or RF output stage 28 allowing the microprocessor 25 to control the output of the generator 20 according to either open and/or closed control loop schemes.
A closed loop control scheme is a feedback control loop wherein sensor circuitry 22, which may include a plurality of sensors measuring a variety of tissue and energy properties (e.g., tissue impedance, tissue temperature, output current and/or voltage, etc.), provides feedback to the controller 24. Such sensors are within the purview of those skilled in the art. The controller 24 then signals the HVPS 27 and/or RF output stage 28 which then adjust DC and/or RF power supply, respectively. The controller 24 also receives input signals from the input controls of the generator 20 or the instrument 10. The controller 24 utilizes the input signals to adjust power outputted by the generator 20 and/or performs other control functions thereon.
Fig. 3 shows a method according to the present disclosure for controlling output of the generator in response to monitored tissue impedance. In step 100, the instrument 10 is brought into a treatment site of the tissue and the generator 20 supplies electrosurgical energy to the tissue through the instrument 10. In step 110, during application of energy to the tissue, impedance is continuously monitored by the sensor circuitry 22. In particular, voltage and current signals are monitored and corresponding impedance values are calculated at the sensor circuitry 22 and/or at the microprocessor 25. Power and other energy properties may also be calculated based on collected voltage and current signals. The microprocessor 25 stores the collected voltage, current, and impedance within the memory 26.
Changes in impedance of tissue undergoing electrosurgical treatment (e.g., ablation) are illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5. Fig. 4 shows an averaged impedance curve 200 which is generated based on time averaged RMS impedance values, thus, it appears smooth (i.e., lacking variation between the values). Initially, there is a slow drop 210 in impedance as energy is applied. After the tissue reacts, which occurs at a cusp 220, there is a quick rise 230. Fig. 4 also shows a conductance curve 300, which is an inverse of the impedance curve 200.
Impedance of tissue follows the general trend of the averaged impedance curve 200, however, the averaged impedance curve 200 lacks detail a of minute impedance variations. These variations are shown in a variance impedance curve 400 in Fig. 5. In step 120, the generator 20 plots the variance impedance curve 400 based on measured impedances values. In the variance impedance curve 400, the impedance values are not time-averaged and represent every change in impedance measured by the sensor circuitry 22. Initially, there is a slow drop 410 which is smooth, however, a cusp 420 and a rise 430 show significant variance 440. The variance 440 is indicative of rapid changes in impedance. When high frequency RF electrosurgical energy is applied to tissue, temperature at the site rises beyond 100° C which occurs approximately at the cusp 420. At this temperature, water within the tissue is converted into steam thereby forming bubbles within tissue. Hence, as impedance rises during the rise 430, tissue is in a state of equilibrium between dehydration and hydration, as bubbles continually form and reabsorb. Rise in impedance is also associated with formation of bubbles around the exposed electrode of the instrument 10. Thus, the variance 440 is reflective of changes in moisture content of the tissue caused by bubble formation/reabsorption.
Fig. 5 also shows a conductance curve 500, which is an inverse of the impedance curve 400. Thus, cusps 220 and 420 represent the maximum point of conductance wherein a maximum amount energy can be supplied to the tissue. Hence, maintaining impedance at the at its minimum (e.g., cusps 220 and 420) maximizes conduction. Thus, it is desirable to supply energy from the generator 20 at such a level so that maximum conductance is continually maintained. In steps 130-170, a point of maximum conductance which corresponds to the cusp
420, is determined by analyzing the slope and variance of the impedance. In particular, in step 130, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, a moving time window 205, which is synchronized with actual running time, is generated. The time window 205 is moved along the variance impedance curve 400 as the procedure progresses and selects a specific segment thereof for analysis. It is envisioned that the time period represented by the window 205 may be from about 2 to about 15 seconds. The window may be realized as a FIFO (e.g., first in first out) buffer which is within purview of those skilled in the art.
In step 140, the window 205 is divided into a first half 206 and a second half 207. In step 150, an average impedance value is determined for the halves of the window 205, namely the impedance values of the first and second halves 206 and 207 are averaged. The slope of the impedance curve 400 is calculated by comparing the average impedance values of the first and second halves 206 and 207. If the average of the second half 207 is less than the average of the first half 206 then the slope is negative (e.g., the curve is decreasing). If the average of the second half 207 is greater than the average of the first half 206 then the slope is positive (e.g., the curve is increasing). The relationship between the average impedance values of the first and second halves 206 and 207 and the slope may also be expressed by the formula (1):
(1) Average of second half- average of first half = slope. Determining the slope of the impedance curve locates an approximate point on the curve which corresponds to tissue impedance at which energy conductance into the tissue is most effective.
In step 160, the slope is compared with a predetermined slope threshold. It is envisioned the slope threshold may be approximately zero to represent the cusp 420 which coincides with maximum conductance. The comparison step 160 allows for determining a point at which bubble formation begins to occur. Since bubble formation occurs only after the slow drop 410 at the cusp 420 "bubbling" does not occur until this point is reached. Hence, the method proceeds to step 170 only after the slope corresponds to a point on the impedance curve 400 at which bubbles begin forming thereby preventing unnecessary calculations of so called "bubble factors."
If the slope corresponds to the threshold slope representative of a point at which bubbles begin forming (e.g., the cusp 420), the method proceeds to step 170 where a bubble factor is calculated by subtracting variance of the first half 206 from the variance of the second half 207 as expressed by the formula (2):
(2) Variance of second half- variance of first half = bubble factor. Thus, the bubble factor is the difference between the variances of the impedance values. The bubble factor identifies the changes in bubble formation.
The real-time peak-to-peak variance which is used to calculate the bubble factor is more useful in determining the minimum impedance (i.e., maximum conductance) than the averaged RMS impedance signal since the peaks are more easily determined.
In step 180 power adjustments to the output of the generator 20 are made based on the bubble factor. If the calculated bubble factor is positive, the variance in the second half 207 is larger than the variance in the first half 206 which represents increased bubble formation. In response to a positive bubble factor, the generator 20 decreases power. If the bubble factor is negative, which means that the variance in the first half 206 is larger than the variance in the second half 207, i.e., rate of bubble formation is decreasing, the power output is increased. If the bubble factor is approximately zero, which denotes that bubble formation is approximately being held constant, the power output is maintained at its current level. As a result, the output of the generator 20 is controlled as a function of the bubble factor. In particular, the output of the generator 20 is adjusted so that the slope of impedance and bubble factor are maintained at a predetermined threshold, wherein the bubble formation is kept at a predetermined level as expressed by the bubble factor threshold. This allows for maintaining maximum conductance of the tissue resulting in efficient energy being transferred to the tissue as well as increased accuracy and repeatability of hyperthermal treatments.
While several embodiments of the disclosure have been shown in the drawings and/or discussed herein, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereto, as it is intended that the disclosure be as broad in scope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of particular embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. An electrosurgical system comprising: an electrosurgical generator adapted to supply electrosurgical energy to tissue, the generator including: sensor circuitry adapted to continuously monitor tissue impedance to generate a variance impedance curve; and a microprocessor adapted to calculate a slope of at least one segment of the variance impedance curve and a bubble factor representing rate of formation and absorption of bubbles within tissue to determine minimum tissue impedance and maximum tissue conductance; and an electrosurgical instrument including at least one active electrode adapted to apply electrosurgical energy to tissue.
2. A system according to claim 1, wherein the microprocessor is further adapted to adjust output of the electrosurgical generator as a function of the bubble factor to maintain minimum tissue impedance and maximum tissue conductance.
3. A system according to claim 1, wherein the microprocessor is further adapted to generate a moving time window to select the at least one segment of the variance impedance curve and dividing the at least one segment into a first half and a second half.
4. A system according to claim 3, wherein the microprocessor is further adapted to calculate a first average impedance value for the first half of the at least one segment and a second average impedance value for the second half of the at least one segment and compare the first and second average impedance values.
5. A system according to claim 3, wherein the microprocessor is rurther adapted to calculate a first variance of impedance values for the first half of the at least one segment and a second variance of impedance values for the second half of the at least one segment and subtract the first variance of impedance values from the second variance of impedance values.
6. A system according to claim 5, wherein the microprocessor is rurther adapted to adjust output of the electrosurgical generator as a function of the bubble factor, wherein if the calculated bubble factor is positive, output is decreased, if the bubble factor is negative, output is increased, and if the bubble factor is approximately zero, the output is unchanged.
7. A method for performing electrosurgical procedures: applying electrosurgical energy to tissue from an electrosurgical generator; continuously monitoring tissue impedance to generate a variance impedance curve; calculating a slope of at least one segment of the variance impedance curve; and calculating a bubble factor representing rate of formation and absorption of bubbles within tissue to determine minimum tissue impedance and maximum tissue conductance.
8. A method according to claim 7, further comprising the step of: adjusting output of the electrosurgical generator as a function of the bubble factor to maintain minimum tissue impedance and maximum tissue conductance.
9. A method according to claim 7, further comprising the steps of: generating a moving time window to select the at least one segment of the variance impedance curve; and dividing the at least one segment into a first half and a second half.
10. A method according to claim 9, wherein the step of calculating a slope comprises: calculating a first average impedance value for the first half of the at least one segment and a second average impedance value for the second half of the at least one segment; and comparing the first and second average impedance values.
11. A method according to claim 9, wherein the step of calculating a bubble factor comprises: calculating a first variance of impedance values for the first half of the at least one segment and a second variance of impedance values for the second half of the at least one segment; and subtracting the first variance of impedance values from the second variance of impedance values.
12. A method according to claim 11 , further comprising the step of: adjusting output of the electrosurgical generator as a function of the bubble factor, wherein if the calculated bubble factor is positive, output is decreased, if the bubble factor is negative, output is increased, and if the bubble factor is approximately zero, the output is unchanged.
13. A an electrosurgical generator adapted to supply electrosurgical energy to tissue comprising: sensor circuitry adapted to continuously monitor tissue impedance to generate a variance impedance curve; and a microprocessor adapted to calculate a slope of at least one segment of the variance impedance curve and a bubble factor representing rate of formation and absorption of bubbles within tissue to determine minimum tissue impedance and maximum tissue conductance.
14. An electrosurgical generator according to claim 13, wherein the microprocessor is further adapted to adjust output of the electrosurgical generator as a function of the bubble factor to maintain minimum tissue impedance and maximum tissue conductance.
15. An electrosurgical generator according to claim 13, wherein the microprocessor is further adapted to generate a moving time window to select the at least one segment of the variance impedance curve and dividing the at least one segment into a first half and a second half.
16. An electrosurgical generator according to claim 15, wherein the microprocessor is further adapted to calculate a first average impedance value for the first half of the at least one segment and a second average impedance value for the second half of the at least one segment and comparing the first and second average impedance values.
17. An electrosurgical generator according to claim 15, wherein the microprocessor is further adapted to calculate a first variance of impedance values for the first half of the at least one segment and a second variance of impedance values for the second half of the at least one segment and subtracting the first variance of impedance values from the second variance of impedance values.
18. An electrosurgical generator according to claim 17, wherein the microprocessor is further adapted to adjust output of the electrosurgical generator as a function of the bubble factor, wherein if the calculated bubble factor is positive, output is decreased, if the bubble factor is negative, output is increased, and if the bubble factor is approximately zero, the output is unchanged.
PCT/US2009/046870 2008-06-10 2009-06-10 System and method for output control of electrosurgical generator WO2009152225A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09763515.5A EP2296572B1 (en) 2008-06-10 2009-06-10 System and method for output control of electrosurgical generator
JP2011513657A JP5524956B2 (en) 2008-06-10 2009-06-10 System and method for output control of an electrosurgical generator

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/136,620 US8226639B2 (en) 2008-06-10 2008-06-10 System and method for output control of electrosurgical generator
US12/136,620 2008-06-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009152225A1 true WO2009152225A1 (en) 2009-12-17

Family

ID=41400984

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2009/046870 WO2009152225A1 (en) 2008-06-10 2009-06-10 System and method for output control of electrosurgical generator

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US8226639B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2296572B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5524956B2 (en)
WO (1) WO2009152225A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (54)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7137980B2 (en) 1998-10-23 2006-11-21 Sherwood Services Ag Method and system for controlling output of RF medical generator
US7811282B2 (en) 2000-03-06 2010-10-12 Salient Surgical Technologies, Inc. Fluid-assisted electrosurgical devices, electrosurgical unit with pump and methods of use thereof
US7044948B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2006-05-16 Sherwood Services Ag Circuit for controlling arc energy from an electrosurgical generator
EP1617776B1 (en) 2003-05-01 2015-09-02 Covidien AG System for programing and controlling an electrosurgical generator system
AU2003286644B2 (en) 2003-10-23 2009-09-10 Covidien Ag Thermocouple measurement circuit
US7396336B2 (en) 2003-10-30 2008-07-08 Sherwood Services Ag Switched resonant ultrasonic power amplifier system
US7947039B2 (en) 2005-12-12 2011-05-24 Covidien Ag Laparoscopic apparatus for performing electrosurgical procedures
CA2574934C (en) 2006-01-24 2015-12-29 Sherwood Services Ag System and method for closed loop monitoring of monopolar electrosurgical apparatus
US7651492B2 (en) 2006-04-24 2010-01-26 Covidien Ag Arc based adaptive control system for an electrosurgical unit
US7794457B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2010-09-14 Covidien Ag Transformer for RF voltage sensing
US8409186B2 (en) 2008-03-13 2013-04-02 Covidien Lp Crest factor enhancement in electrosurgical generators
US8257349B2 (en) 2008-03-28 2012-09-04 Tyco Healthcare Group Lp Electrosurgical apparatus with predictive RF source control
US8403924B2 (en) 2008-09-03 2013-03-26 Vivant Medical, Inc. Shielding for an isolation apparatus used in a microwave generator
US8377053B2 (en) 2008-09-05 2013-02-19 Covidien Lp Electrosurgical apparatus with high speed energy recovery
US8287529B2 (en) 2008-09-05 2012-10-16 Tyco Healthcare Group Lp Electrosurgical apparatus with high speed energy recovery
US8262652B2 (en) 2009-01-12 2012-09-11 Tyco Healthcare Group Lp Imaginary impedance process monitoring and intelligent shut-off
US8162932B2 (en) * 2009-01-12 2012-04-24 Tyco Healthcare Group Lp Energy delivery algorithm impedance trend adaptation
US8211100B2 (en) * 2009-01-12 2012-07-03 Tyco Healthcare Group Lp Energy delivery algorithm for medical devices based on maintaining a fixed position on a tissue electrical conductivity v. temperature curve
US20100185196A1 (en) * 2009-01-21 2010-07-22 Satomi Sakao Medical treatment apparatus, treatment instrument and treatment method for living tissue using energy
US9522039B2 (en) 2009-03-11 2016-12-20 Covidien Lp Crest factor enhancement in electrosurgical generators
US8932282B2 (en) * 2009-08-03 2015-01-13 Covidien Lp Power level transitioning in a surgical instrument
US8377054B2 (en) * 2009-09-24 2013-02-19 Covidien Lp Automatic control circuit for use in an electrosurgical generator
US8685015B2 (en) * 2009-09-24 2014-04-01 Covidien Lp System and method for multi-pole phase-shifted radio frequency application
US8610501B2 (en) 2009-11-16 2013-12-17 Covidien Lp Class resonant-H electrosurgical generators
US10039588B2 (en) 2009-12-16 2018-08-07 Covidien Lp System and method for tissue sealing
US20120157985A1 (en) * 2010-12-17 2012-06-21 Ballou Lisa M Global endometrial ablation device
US9033973B2 (en) 2011-08-30 2015-05-19 Covidien Lp System and method for DC tissue impedance sensing
DE102012013534B3 (en) 2012-07-05 2013-09-19 Tobias Sokolowski Apparatus for repetitive nerve stimulation for the degradation of adipose tissue by means of inductive magnetic fields
US10143831B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2018-12-04 Cynosure, Inc. Electrosurgical systems and methods
WO2014145148A2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Ellman International, Inc. Surgical instruments and systems with multimodes of treatments and electrosurgical operation
US9872719B2 (en) 2013-07-24 2018-01-23 Covidien Lp Systems and methods for generating electrosurgical energy using a multistage power converter
US9655670B2 (en) 2013-07-29 2017-05-23 Covidien Lp Systems and methods for measuring tissue impedance through an electrosurgical cable
US10363085B2 (en) 2014-01-30 2019-07-30 Fulmer Instruments, Llc Surgical cutting device
JP6481029B2 (en) 2014-10-31 2019-03-13 メドトロニック・アドヴァンスド・エナジー・エルエルシー Power monitoring circuit and method for reducing leakage current in an RF generator
US9962553B2 (en) * 2015-03-04 2018-05-08 Btl Holdings Limited Device and method for contactless skin treatment
US11491342B2 (en) 2015-07-01 2022-11-08 Btl Medical Solutions A.S. Magnetic stimulation methods and devices for therapeutic treatments
US11266850B2 (en) 2015-07-01 2022-03-08 Btl Healthcare Technologies A.S. High power time varying magnetic field therapy
US9937358B2 (en) 2015-07-01 2018-04-10 Btl Holdings Limited Aesthetic methods of biological structure treatment by magnetic field
US10695575B1 (en) 2016-05-10 2020-06-30 Btl Medical Technologies S.R.O. Aesthetic method of biological structure treatment by magnetic field
US20180001107A1 (en) 2016-07-01 2018-01-04 Btl Holdings Limited Aesthetic method of biological structure treatment by magnetic field
US11253717B2 (en) 2015-10-29 2022-02-22 Btl Healthcare Technologies A.S. Aesthetic method of biological structure treatment by magnetic field
US11247039B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2022-02-15 Btl Healthcare Technologies A.S. Device including RF source of energy and vacuum system
US11464993B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2022-10-11 Btl Healthcare Technologies A.S. Device including RF source of energy and vacuum system
US11534619B2 (en) 2016-05-10 2022-12-27 Btl Medical Solutions A.S. Aesthetic method of biological structure treatment by magnetic field
US10583287B2 (en) 2016-05-23 2020-03-10 Btl Medical Technologies S.R.O. Systems and methods for tissue treatment
US10556122B1 (en) 2016-07-01 2020-02-11 Btl Medical Technologies S.R.O. Aesthetic method of biological structure treatment by magnetic field
KR20230035448A (en) 2018-02-07 2023-03-13 싸이노슈어, 엘엘씨 Methods and apparatus for controlled rf treatments and rf generator system
WO2020148837A1 (en) * 2019-01-16 2020-07-23 オリンパス株式会社 Control device, treatment system, and control method
WO2020208590A1 (en) 2019-04-11 2020-10-15 Btl Medical Technologies S.R.O. Methods and devices for aesthetic treatment of biological structures by radiofrequency and magnetic energy
SG11202111518WA (en) 2019-05-09 2021-11-29 Gyrus Acmi Inc D/B/A Olympus Surgical Technologies America Electrosurgical systems and methods
USD1005484S1 (en) 2019-07-19 2023-11-21 Cynosure, Llc Handheld medical instrument and docking base
US11878167B2 (en) 2020-05-04 2024-01-23 Btl Healthcare Technologies A.S. Device and method for unattended treatment of a patient
KR20230000081U (en) 2020-05-04 2023-01-10 비티엘 헬쓰케어 테크놀로지스 에이.에스. Device and method for unattended treatment of patients
US11896816B2 (en) 2021-11-03 2024-02-13 Btl Healthcare Technologies A.S. Device and method for unattended treatment of a patient

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020052599A1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2002-05-02 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical system
US20080082096A1 (en) * 2006-10-02 2008-04-03 Shores Ronald B Electrosurgical generator and method for simulating output signals

Family Cites Families (749)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE179607C (en) 1906-11-12
DE390937C (en) 1922-10-13 1924-03-03 Adolf Erb Device for internal heating of furnace furnaces for hardening, tempering, annealing, quenching and melting
US1841968A (en) 1924-08-16 1932-01-19 William J Cameron Radio-surgical apparatus
US1863118A (en) 1927-10-31 1932-06-14 Liebel Flarsheim Co Surgeon's instrument
US1813902A (en) 1928-01-18 1931-07-14 Liebel Flarsheim Co Electrosurgical apparatus
US1787709A (en) 1928-06-11 1931-01-06 Wappler Frederick Charles High-frequency surgical cutting device
US1945867A (en) 1932-04-27 1934-02-06 Technical Equipment Company High frequency oscillatory apparatus for electrotherapeutic and sterilization purposes
GB607850A (en) 1946-04-01 1948-09-06 William George Curwain Electric connectors
GB702510A (en) 1951-03-24 1954-01-20 Foxboro Co Improvements in temperature responsive instruments
US2849611A (en) 1955-05-16 1958-08-26 Honeywell Regulator Co Electrical oscillator circuit
US2827056A (en) 1955-06-21 1958-03-18 Thomas H Ballantine Jr Electrode discharge control for surgical apparatus
BE556940A (en) 1956-04-26
GB855459A (en) 1958-04-11 1960-11-30 Keeler Optical Products Ltd Improvements in or relating to electro-surgical apparatus
DE1099658B (en) 1959-04-29 1961-02-16 Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag Automatic switch-on device for high-frequency surgical devices
GB902775A (en) 1959-05-16 1962-08-09 Kathleen Zilla Rumble Improvements in or relating to electrical plugs
US3089496A (en) 1959-08-19 1963-05-14 Code Inc Control system for surgical apparatus
US3163165A (en) 1960-09-12 1964-12-29 Islkawa Humio Uterotube-closing instrument
FR1275415A (en) 1960-09-26 1961-11-10 Device for detecting disturbances for electrical installations, in particular electrosurgery
DE1139927B (en) 1961-01-03 1962-11-22 Friedrich Laber High-frequency surgical device
DE1149832C2 (en) 1961-02-25 1977-10-13 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München HIGH FREQUENCY SURGICAL EQUIPMENT
US3154365A (en) 1962-07-16 1964-10-27 Kent Mfg Co Holder for conductor tape
FR1347865A (en) 1962-11-22 1964-01-04 Improvements to diathermo-coagulation devices
US3252052A (en) 1963-08-23 1966-05-17 Jacuzzi Bros Inc Leakage detection and control circuit
DE1264513C2 (en) 1963-11-29 1973-01-25 Texas Instruments Inc REFERENCE POTENTIAL FREE DC DIFFERENCE AMPLIFIER
US3478744A (en) 1964-12-30 1969-11-18 Harry Leiter Surgical apparatus
US3486115A (en) 1965-04-01 1969-12-23 Donald J Anderson Means for measuring the power in an electrical circuit
US3439680A (en) 1965-04-12 1969-04-22 Univ Northwestern Surgical instrument for cataract removal
US3495584A (en) 1965-06-03 1970-02-17 Gen Electric Lead failure detection circuit for a cardiac monitor
US3436563A (en) 1965-12-27 1969-04-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pulse driver with linear current rise
US3471770A (en) 1966-03-30 1969-10-07 Ibm Pulsed current generating circuits
US3461874A (en) 1966-08-10 1969-08-19 Miguel Martinez Electric cautery
GB1169706A (en) 1966-09-29 1969-11-05 English Electric Co Ltd An Electrical Fault Detector
US3391351A (en) 1966-11-21 1968-07-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Circuits using a transistor operated into second breakdown region
US3439253A (en) 1967-04-05 1969-04-15 R I Phelon Inc Alternator rectifier and voltage regulator
NL145136C (en) 1967-07-25 1900-01-01
US3513353A (en) 1967-08-17 1970-05-19 John L Lansch Voltage monitoring circuit
US3551786A (en) 1967-12-05 1970-12-29 Omark Industries Inc Circuit for adjustably increasing or decreasing the charge on a capacitor
US3562623A (en) 1968-07-16 1971-02-09 Hughes Aircraft Co Circuit for reducing stray capacity effects in transformer windings
US3514689A (en) 1968-08-21 1970-05-26 United Aircraft Corp Three-phase ac-operated dc power supply
US3642008A (en) 1968-09-25 1972-02-15 Medical Plastics Inc Ground electrode and test circuit
US3601126A (en) 1969-01-08 1971-08-24 Electro Medical Systems Inc High frequency electrosurgical apparatus
US3571644A (en) 1969-01-27 1971-03-23 Heurtey Sa High frequency oscillator for inductive heating
US3595221A (en) 1969-03-04 1971-07-27 Matburn Holdings Ltd Endoscopic having illumination supply unit
US3611053A (en) 1969-10-10 1971-10-05 Farmer Electric Products Co In Intrinsically safe circuit
US3662151A (en) 1969-11-17 1972-05-09 Codman & Shurtleff Cautery
US3675655A (en) 1970-02-04 1972-07-11 Electro Medical Systems Inc Method and apparatus for high frequency electric surgery
DE2030776A1 (en) 1970-06-23 1971-12-30 Siemens Ag Handpiece for high frequency electrodes
US3826263A (en) 1970-08-13 1974-07-30 R Shaw Electrically heated surgical cutting instrument
US3683923A (en) 1970-09-25 1972-08-15 Valleylab Inc Electrosurgery safety circuit
US3641422A (en) 1970-10-01 1972-02-08 Robert P Farnsworth Wide band boost regulator power supply
US3697808A (en) 1970-11-23 1972-10-10 Safety Co The System for monitoring chassis potential and ground continuity
US3693613A (en) 1970-12-09 1972-09-26 Cavitron Corp Surgical handpiece and flow control system for use therewith
FR2123896A5 (en) 1971-02-04 1972-09-15 Radiotechnique Compelec
US3699967A (en) 1971-04-30 1972-10-24 Valleylab Inc Electrosurgical generator
US3766434A (en) 1971-08-09 1973-10-16 S Sherman Safety power distribution system
US3848600A (en) 1972-02-03 1974-11-19 Ndm Corp Indifferent electrode in electrosurgical procedures and method of use
US3768482A (en) 1972-10-10 1973-10-30 R Shaw Surgical cutting instrument having electrically heated cutting edge
US3812858A (en) 1972-10-24 1974-05-28 Sybron Corp Dental electrosurgical unit
DE2256197C2 (en) 1972-11-16 1974-03-07 Danfoss A/S, Nordborg (Daenemark) Measuring transducer with a compensation bridge circuit
US3885569A (en) 1972-11-21 1975-05-27 Birtcher Corp Electrosurgical unit
US3801800A (en) 1972-12-26 1974-04-02 Valleylab Inc Isolating switching circuit for an electrosurgical generator
JPS5241593B2 (en) 1972-12-29 1977-10-19
US3801766A (en) 1973-01-22 1974-04-02 Valleylab Inc Switching means for an electro-surgical device including particular contact means and particular printed-circuit mounting means
US3971365A (en) 1973-02-12 1976-07-27 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Bioelectrical impedance measuring system
US3815015A (en) 1973-02-20 1974-06-04 Gen Electric Transformer-diode isolated circuits for high voltage power supplies
US3963030A (en) 1973-04-16 1976-06-15 Valleylab, Inc. Signal generating device and method for producing coagulation electrosurgical current
GB1480736A (en) 1973-08-23 1977-07-20 Matburn Ltd Electrodiathermy apparatus
US3933157A (en) 1973-10-23 1976-01-20 Aktiebolaget Stille-Werner Test and control device for electrosurgical apparatus
US3875945A (en) 1973-11-02 1975-04-08 Demetron Corp Electrosurgery instrument
US3870047A (en) 1973-11-12 1975-03-11 Dentsply Res & Dev Electrosurgical device
DE2455174A1 (en) 1973-11-21 1975-05-22 Termiflex Corp INPUT / OUTPUT DEVICE FOR DATA EXCHANGE WITH DATA PROCESSING DEVICES
US3897788A (en) 1974-01-14 1975-08-05 Valleylab Inc Transformer coupled power transmitting and isolated switching circuit
DE2407559C3 (en) 1974-02-16 1982-01-21 Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen Heat probe
US3905373A (en) 1974-04-18 1975-09-16 Dentsply Res & Dev Electrosurgical device
US3913583A (en) 1974-06-03 1975-10-21 Sybron Corp Control circuit for electrosurgical units
JPS5710740B2 (en) 1974-06-17 1982-02-27
US3923063A (en) 1974-07-15 1975-12-02 Sybron Corp Pulse control circuit for electrosurgical units
US4024467A (en) 1974-07-15 1977-05-17 Sybron Corporation Method for controlling power during electrosurgery
US3952748A (en) 1974-07-18 1976-04-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Electrosurgical system providing a fulguration current
US3946738A (en) 1974-10-24 1976-03-30 Newton David W Leakage current cancelling circuit for use with electrosurgical instrument
US4231372A (en) 1974-11-04 1980-11-04 Valleylab, Inc. Safety monitoring circuit for electrosurgical unit
US3964487A (en) 1974-12-09 1976-06-22 The Birtcher Corporation Uncomplicated load-adapting electrosurgical cutting generator
US4237887A (en) 1975-01-23 1980-12-09 Valleylab, Inc. Electrosurgical device
DE2504280C3 (en) 1975-02-01 1980-08-28 Hans Heinrich Prof. Dr. 8035 Gauting Meinke Device for cutting and / or coagulating human tissue with high frequency current
US3978393A (en) 1975-04-21 1976-08-31 Burroughs Corporation High efficiency switching regulator
US4005714A (en) 1975-05-03 1977-02-01 Richard Wolf Gmbh Bipolar coagulation forceps
CA1064581A (en) 1975-06-02 1979-10-16 Stephen W. Andrews Pulse control circuit and method for electrosurgical units
US4074719A (en) 1975-07-12 1978-02-21 Kurt Semm Method of and device for causing blood coagulation
DE2540968C2 (en) 1975-09-13 1982-12-30 Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH, 7400 Tübingen Device for switching on the coagulation current of a bipolar coagulation forceps
SE399495B (en) 1975-11-03 1978-02-13 Lindmark Magnus C W SWITCHING POWER SUPPLY UNIT FOR CONVERTING DC DIRECTION TO AC VOLTAGE
JPS5275882A (en) 1975-12-20 1977-06-25 Olympus Optical Co High frequency electric knife
US4051855A (en) 1976-02-06 1977-10-04 Ipco Hospital Supply Corporation, Whaledent International Division Electrosurgical unit
US4041952A (en) 1976-03-04 1977-08-16 Valleylab, Inc. Electrosurgical forceps
US4191188A (en) 1976-05-07 1980-03-04 Macan Engineering & Manufacturing Company, Inc. Variable crest factor high frequency generator apparatus
US4092986A (en) 1976-06-14 1978-06-06 Ipco Hospital Supply Corporation (Whaledent International Division) Constant output electrosurgical unit
US4094320A (en) 1976-09-09 1978-06-13 Valleylab, Inc. Electrosurgical safety circuit and method of using same
US4171700A (en) 1976-10-13 1979-10-23 Erbe Elektromedizin Gmbh & Co. Kg High-frequency surgical apparatus
US4126137A (en) 1977-01-21 1978-11-21 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Electrosurgical unit
US4121590A (en) 1977-03-14 1978-10-24 Dentsply Research And Development Corporation System for monitoring integrity of a patient return circuit
US4123673A (en) 1977-03-14 1978-10-31 Dentsply Research And Development Corporation Control circuit for an electrical device
FR2390968A1 (en) 1977-05-16 1978-12-15 Skovajsa Joseph Local acupuncture treatment appts. - has oblong head with end aperture and contains laser diode unit (NL 20.11.78)
FR2391588A1 (en) 1977-05-18 1978-12-15 Satelec Soc HIGH FREQUENCY VOLTAGE GENERATOR
SU727201A2 (en) 1977-11-02 1980-04-15 Киевский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Нейрохирургии Electric surgical apparatus
US4200104A (en) 1977-11-17 1980-04-29 Valleylab, Inc. Contact area measurement apparatus for use in electrosurgery
US4188927A (en) 1978-01-12 1980-02-19 Valleylab, Inc. Multiple source electrosurgical generator
DE2803275C3 (en) 1978-01-26 1980-09-25 Aesculap-Werke Ag Vormals Jetter & Scheerer, 7200 Tuttlingen Remote switching device for switching a monopolar HF surgical device
US4196734A (en) 1978-02-16 1980-04-08 Valleylab, Inc. Combined electrosurgery/cautery system and method
US4200105A (en) 1978-05-26 1980-04-29 Dentsply Research & Development Corp. Electrosurgical safety circuit
DE2823291A1 (en) 1978-05-27 1979-11-29 Rainer Ing Grad Koch Coagulation instrument automatic HF switching circuit - has first lead to potentiometer and second to transistor base
US4232676A (en) 1978-11-16 1980-11-11 Corning Glass Works Surgical cutting instrument
US4311154A (en) 1979-03-23 1982-01-19 Rca Corporation Nonsymmetrical bulb applicator for hyperthermic treatment of the body
US4321926A (en) 1979-04-16 1982-03-30 Roge Ralph R Insertion detecting probe and electrolysis system
US4608977A (en) 1979-08-29 1986-09-02 Brown Russell A System using computed tomography as for selective body treatment
US4296413A (en) 1979-09-28 1981-10-20 General Electric Company Resistance-bridge to frequency converter with automatic offset correction
DE2946728A1 (en) 1979-11-20 1981-05-27 Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH & Co KG, 7400 Tübingen HF surgical appts. for use with endoscope - provides cutting or coagulation current at preset intervals and of selected duration
US4314559A (en) 1979-12-12 1982-02-09 Corning Glass Works Nonstick conductive coating
US4378801A (en) 1979-12-17 1983-04-05 Medical Research Associates Ltd. #2 Electrosurgical generator
US4287557A (en) 1979-12-17 1981-09-01 General Electric Company Inverter with improved regulation
US4494541A (en) 1980-01-17 1985-01-22 Medical Plastics, Inc. Electrosurgery safety monitor
US4303073A (en) 1980-01-17 1981-12-01 Medical Plastics, Inc. Electrosurgery safety monitor
US4334539A (en) 1980-04-28 1982-06-15 Cimarron Instruments, Inc. Electrosurgical generator control apparatus
EP0040658A3 (en) 1980-05-28 1981-12-09 Drg (Uk) Limited Patient plate for diathermy apparatus, and diathermy apparatus fitted with it
US4343308A (en) 1980-06-09 1982-08-10 Gross Robert D Surgical ground detector
US4372315A (en) 1980-07-03 1983-02-08 Hair Free Centers Impedance sensing epilator
US4565200A (en) 1980-09-24 1986-01-21 Cosman Eric R Universal lesion and recording electrode system
US4411266A (en) 1980-09-24 1983-10-25 Cosman Eric R Thermocouple radio frequency lesion electrode
JPS5778844A (en) 1980-11-04 1982-05-17 Kogyo Gijutsuin Lasre knife
US4376263A (en) 1980-11-06 1983-03-08 Braun Aktiengesellschaft Battery charging circuit
DE3045996A1 (en) 1980-12-05 1982-07-08 Medic Eschmann Handelsgesellschaft für medizinische Instrumente mbH, 2000 Hamburg Electro-surgical scalpel instrument - has power supply remotely controlled by surgeon
US4436091A (en) 1981-03-20 1984-03-13 Surgical Design Corporation Surgical cutting instrument with release mechanism
FR2502935B1 (en) 1981-03-31 1985-10-04 Dolley Roger METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE COAGULATION OF TISSUES USING A HIGH FREQUENCY CURRENT
DE3120102A1 (en) 1981-05-20 1982-12-09 F.L. Fischer GmbH & Co, 7800 Freiburg ARRANGEMENT FOR HIGH-FREQUENCY COAGULATION OF EGG WHITE FOR SURGICAL PURPOSES
US4566454A (en) 1981-06-16 1986-01-28 Thomas L. Mehl Selected frequency hair removal device and method
US4429694A (en) 1981-07-06 1984-02-07 C. R. Bard, Inc. Electrosurgical generator
US4582057A (en) 1981-07-20 1986-04-15 Regents Of The University Of Washington Fast pulse thermal cautery probe
US4559496A (en) 1981-07-24 1985-12-17 General Electric Company LCD Hook-on digital ammeter
US4397314A (en) 1981-08-03 1983-08-09 Clini-Therm Corporation Method and apparatus for controlling and optimizing the heating pattern for a hyperthermia system
US4438766A (en) 1981-09-03 1984-03-27 C. R. Bard, Inc. Electrosurgical generator
US4559943A (en) 1981-09-03 1985-12-24 C. R. Bard, Inc. Electrosurgical generator
US4416277A (en) 1981-11-03 1983-11-22 Valleylab, Inc. Return electrode monitoring system for use during electrosurgical activation
US4416276A (en) 1981-10-26 1983-11-22 Valleylab, Inc. Adaptive, return electrode monitoring system
US4437464A (en) 1981-11-09 1984-03-20 C.R. Bard, Inc. Electrosurgical generator safety apparatus
FR2517953A1 (en) 1981-12-10 1983-06-17 Alvar Electronic Diaphanometer for optical examination of breast tissue structure - measures tissue transparency using two plates and optical fibre bundle cooperating with photoelectric cells
US4463759A (en) 1982-01-13 1984-08-07 Garito Jon C Universal finger/foot switch adaptor for tube-type electrosurgical instrument
DE3228136C2 (en) 1982-07-28 1985-05-30 Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH, 7400 Tübingen High-frequency surgical device
US5385544A (en) 1992-08-12 1995-01-31 Vidamed, Inc. BPH ablation method and apparatus
US5370675A (en) 1992-08-12 1994-12-06 Vidamed, Inc. Medical probe device and method
US4492231A (en) 1982-09-17 1985-01-08 Auth David C Non-sticking electrocautery system and forceps
JPS5957650A (en) 1982-09-27 1984-04-03 呉羽化学工業株式会社 Probe for heating body cavity
US4514619A (en) 1982-09-30 1985-04-30 The B. F. Goodrich Company Indirect current monitoring via voltage and impedance monitoring
US4472661A (en) 1982-09-30 1984-09-18 Culver Clifford T High voltage, low power transformer for efficiently firing a gas discharge luminous display
US4492832A (en) 1982-12-23 1985-01-08 Neomed, Incorporated Hand-controllable switching device for electrosurgical instruments
US4644955A (en) 1982-12-27 1987-02-24 Rdm International, Inc. Circuit apparatus and method for electrothermal treatment of cancer eye
DE3306402C2 (en) 1983-02-24 1985-03-07 Werner Prof. Dr.-Ing. 6301 Wettenberg Irnich Monitoring device for a high-frequency surgical device
US4520818A (en) 1983-02-28 1985-06-04 Codman & Shurtleff, Inc. High dielectric output circuit for electrosurgical power source
US4595248A (en) 1983-04-21 1986-06-17 Brown James C Terminal block
US4630218A (en) 1983-04-22 1986-12-16 Cooper Industries, Inc. Current measuring apparatus
US4590934A (en) 1983-05-18 1986-05-27 Jerry L. Malis Bipolar cutter/coagulator
DE3378719D1 (en) 1983-05-24 1989-01-26 Chang Sien Shih Electro-surgical unit control apparatus
US4615330A (en) 1983-09-05 1986-10-07 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Noise suppressor for electronic endoscope
US4658819A (en) 1983-09-13 1987-04-21 Valleylab, Inc. Electrosurgical generator
US4586120A (en) 1983-12-30 1986-04-29 At&T Bell Laboratories Current limit shutdown circuit with time delay
US4569345A (en) 1984-02-29 1986-02-11 Aspen Laboratories, Inc. High output electrosurgical unit
US4651264A (en) 1984-09-05 1987-03-17 Trion, Inc. Power supply with arcing control and automatic overload protection
US4727874A (en) 1984-09-10 1988-03-01 C. R. Bard, Inc. Electrosurgical generator with high-frequency pulse width modulated feedback power control
US4735204A (en) 1984-09-17 1988-04-05 Cordis Corporation System for controlling an implanted neural stimulator
FR2573301B3 (en) 1984-11-16 1987-04-30 Lamidey Gilles SURGICAL PLIERS AND ITS CONTROL AND CONTROL APPARATUS
US4827927A (en) 1984-12-26 1989-05-09 Valleylab, Inc. Apparatus for changing the output power level of an electrosurgical generator while remaining in the sterile field of a surgical procedure
US4632109A (en) 1984-12-11 1986-12-30 Valleylab, Inc. Circuitry for processing requests made from the sterile field of a surgical procedure to change the output power level of an electrosurgical generator
US4658820A (en) 1985-02-22 1987-04-21 Valleylab, Inc. Electrosurgical generator with improved circuitry for generating RF drive pulse trains
US4739759A (en) 1985-02-26 1988-04-26 Concept, Inc. Microprocessor controlled electrosurgical generator
DE3510586A1 (en) 1985-03-23 1986-10-02 Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH, 7400 Tübingen Control device for a high-frequency surgical instrument
DE3516354A1 (en) 1985-05-07 1986-11-13 Werner Prof. Dr.-Ing. 6301 Wettenberg Irnich MONITORING DEVICE FOR A HIGH-FREQUENCY SURGERY DEVICE
US4750488A (en) 1986-05-19 1988-06-14 Sonomed Technology, Inc. Vibration apparatus preferably for endoscopic ultrasonic aspirator
DE3544443C2 (en) 1985-12-16 1994-02-17 Siemens Ag HF surgery device
US4887199A (en) 1986-02-07 1989-12-12 Astec International Limited Start circuit for generation of pulse width modulated switching pulses for switch mode power supplies
DE3604823C2 (en) 1986-02-15 1995-06-01 Lindenmeier Heinz High frequency generator with automatic power control for high frequency surgery
US4768969A (en) 1986-03-10 1988-09-06 C. R. Bard, Inc. Electrical connector
US4901720A (en) 1986-04-08 1990-02-20 C. R. Bard, Inc. Power control for beam-type electrosurgical unit
US4691703A (en) 1986-04-25 1987-09-08 Board Of Regents, University Of Washington Thermal cautery system
DE3775281D1 (en) 1986-06-16 1992-01-30 Siemens Ag DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING A HEART PACER BY MEANS OF IMPEDANCE ON BODY TISSUES.
DE3689889D1 (en) 1986-07-17 1994-07-07 Erbe Elektromedizin High-frequency surgical device for the thermal coagulation of biological tissues.
US5157603A (en) 1986-11-06 1992-10-20 Storz Instrument Company Control system for ophthalmic surgical instruments
US4767999A (en) 1986-11-12 1988-08-30 Megapulse, Inc. Method of and apparatus for radio-frequency generation in resonator tank circuits excited by sequential pulses of alternately opposite polarity
JPH0511882Y2 (en) 1987-01-06 1993-03-25
US5024668A (en) 1987-01-20 1991-06-18 Rocky Mountain Research, Inc. Retrograde perfusion system, components and method
DE3878477D1 (en) 1987-04-10 1993-03-25 Siemens Ag MONITORING CIRCUIT FOR AN HF SURGERY DEVICE.
US4788634A (en) 1987-06-22 1988-11-29 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Resonant forward converter
DE3728906A1 (en) 1987-08-29 1989-03-09 Asea Brown Boveri METHOD FOR DETECTING A CURRENT FLOWS CURRENTLY FLOWING FROM THE HUMAN BODY AND CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD
US5015227A (en) 1987-09-30 1991-05-14 Valleylab Inc. Apparatus for providing enhanced tissue fragmentation and/or hemostasis
US4931047A (en) 1987-09-30 1990-06-05 Cavitron, Inc. Method and apparatus for providing enhanced tissue fragmentation and/or hemostasis
US5161893A (en) 1987-10-13 1992-11-10 Respiratory Support Products, Inc. Temperature measurement
JPH0636834Y2 (en) 1987-10-28 1994-09-28 オリンパス光学工業株式会社 High frequency dielectric heating electrode
EP0316469B2 (en) 1987-11-17 1998-11-25 Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH High frequence surgical device to cut and/or coagulate biological tissues
FR2623945B1 (en) 1987-11-30 1990-04-27 Marechal Sepm POWER SOCKET WITH PRESSURE CONTACTS
EP0325456B1 (en) 1988-01-20 1995-12-27 G2 Design Limited Diathermy unit
GB8801177D0 (en) 1988-01-20 1988-02-17 Goble N M Diathermy unit
US4848335B1 (en) 1988-02-16 1994-06-07 Aspen Lab Inc Return electrode contact monitor
DE3805179A1 (en) 1988-02-19 1989-08-31 Wolf Gmbh Richard DEVICE WITH A ROTATING DRIVEN SURGICAL INSTRUMENT
US5588432A (en) 1988-03-21 1996-12-31 Boston Scientific Corporation Catheters for imaging, sensing electrical potentials, and ablating tissue
US4907589A (en) 1988-04-29 1990-03-13 Cosman Eric R Automatic over-temperature control apparatus for a therapeutic heating device
DE3815835A1 (en) 1988-05-09 1989-11-23 Flachenecker Gerhard HIGH FREQUENCY GENERATOR FOR TISSUE CUTTING AND COAGULATION IN HIGH FREQUENCY SURGERY
US4890610A (en) 1988-05-15 1990-01-02 Kirwan Sr Lawrence T Bipolar forceps
DE3824970C2 (en) 1988-07-22 1999-04-01 Lindenmeier Heinz Feedback high frequency power oscillator
US5249585A (en) 1988-07-28 1993-10-05 Bsd Medical Corporation Urethral inserted applicator for prostate hyperthermia
US4903696A (en) 1988-10-06 1990-02-27 Everest Medical Corporation Electrosurgical generator
US4966597A (en) 1988-11-04 1990-10-30 Cosman Eric R Thermometric cardiac tissue ablation electrode with ultra-sensitive temperature detection
US4961047A (en) 1988-11-10 1990-10-02 Smiths Industries Public Limited Company Electrical power control apparatus and methods
US4959606A (en) 1989-01-06 1990-09-25 Uniphase Corporation Current mode switching regulator with programmed offtime
AU4945490A (en) 1989-01-06 1990-08-01 Angioplasty Systems Inc. Electrosurgical catheter for resolving atherosclerotic plaque
DE3904558C2 (en) 1989-02-15 1997-09-18 Lindenmeier Heinz Automatically power-controlled high-frequency generator for high-frequency surgery
US4938761A (en) 1989-03-06 1990-07-03 Mdt Corporation Bipolar electrosurgical forceps
DE58908600D1 (en) 1989-04-01 1994-12-08 Erbe Elektromedizin Device for monitoring the application of neutral electrodes in high-frequency surgery.
DE3911416A1 (en) 1989-04-07 1990-10-11 Delma Elektro Med App ELECTRO-SURGICAL HIGH-FREQUENCY DEVICE
US5151085A (en) 1989-04-28 1992-09-29 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Apparatus for generating ultrasonic oscillation
DE58906776D1 (en) 1989-05-19 1994-03-03 Siemens Ag Circuit arrangement for controlling an electro-therapy device, in particular an HF surgical device.
US5151102A (en) 1989-05-31 1992-09-29 Kyocera Corporation Blood vessel coagulation/stanching device
US4992719A (en) 1989-07-24 1991-02-12 Hughes Aircraft Company Stable high voltage pulse power supply
US4931717A (en) 1989-09-05 1990-06-05 Motorola Inc. Load response control and method
EP0416158B1 (en) 1989-09-07 1994-11-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and circuit for controlling an indifferent electrode with multiple contact surfaces used in HF surgery
US5531774A (en) 1989-09-22 1996-07-02 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Multichannel implantable cochlear stimulator having programmable bipolar, monopolar or multipolar electrode configurations
JPH0741044B2 (en) 1989-10-18 1995-05-10 アロカ株式会社 Electrosurgical unit
US5249121A (en) 1989-10-27 1993-09-28 American Cyanamid Company Remote control console for surgical control system
US6672151B1 (en) 1989-12-20 2004-01-06 Sentech, Inc. Apparatus and method for remote sensing and receiving
DE3942998C2 (en) 1989-12-27 1998-11-26 Delma Elektro Med App High frequency electrosurgical unit
US5290283A (en) 1990-01-31 1994-03-01 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Power supply apparatus for electrosurgical unit including electrosurgical-current waveform data storage
US5031618A (en) 1990-03-07 1991-07-16 Medtronic, Inc. Position-responsive neuro stimulator
US5119284A (en) 1990-04-05 1992-06-02 General Electric Company Efficient power supply post regulation
US5075839A (en) 1990-04-05 1991-12-24 General Electric Company Inductor shunt, output voltage regulation system for a power supply
US5122137A (en) 1990-04-27 1992-06-16 Boston Scientific Corporation Temperature controlled rf coagulation
JPH0734805B2 (en) 1990-05-16 1995-04-19 アロカ株式会社 Blood coagulator
US5108389A (en) 1990-05-23 1992-04-28 Ioan Cosmescu Automatic smoke evacuator activator system for a surgical laser apparatus and method therefor
US5233515A (en) 1990-06-08 1993-08-03 Cosman Eric R Real-time graphic display of heat lesioning parameters in a clinical lesion generator system
US5540677A (en) 1990-06-15 1996-07-30 Rare Earth Medical, Inc. Endoscopic systems for photoreactive suturing of biological materials
US5103804A (en) 1990-07-03 1992-04-14 Boston Scientific Corporation Expandable tip hemostatic probes and the like
US5442678A (en) 1990-09-05 1995-08-15 Photoelectron Corporation X-ray source with improved beam steering
US5152762A (en) 1990-11-16 1992-10-06 Birtcher Medical Systems, Inc. Current leakage control for electrosurgical generator
US5304917A (en) 1990-11-30 1994-04-19 Burr-Brown Corporation Compact low noise low power dual mode battery charging circuit
DE9117217U1 (en) 1991-01-16 1997-05-15 Erbe Elektromedizin High frequency surgical device
US5167658A (en) 1991-01-31 1992-12-01 Mdt Corporation Method and apparatus for electrosurgical measurement
US5346491A (en) 1991-03-28 1994-09-13 Sony Corporation Feed device for bipolar electrodes for capsulotomy
US5160334A (en) 1991-04-30 1992-11-03 Utah Medical Products, Inc. Electrosurgical generator and suction apparatus
FI93607C (en) 1991-05-24 1995-05-10 John Koivukangas Cutting Remedy
US5190517A (en) 1991-06-06 1993-03-02 Valleylab Inc. Electrosurgical and ultrasonic surgical system
US5472443A (en) 1991-06-07 1995-12-05 Hemostatic Surgery Corporation Electrosurgical apparatus employing constant voltage and methods of use
DE4121977C2 (en) 1991-07-03 1994-10-27 Wolf Gmbh Richard Medical instrument with a contactless switch for controlling external devices
US20010051803A1 (en) 1991-07-05 2001-12-13 Desai Jawahar M. Device and method for multi-phase radio-frequency ablation
US5620481A (en) 1991-07-05 1997-04-15 Desai; Jawahar M. Device for multi-phase radio-frequency ablation
US5383917A (en) 1991-07-05 1995-01-24 Jawahar M. Desai Device and method for multi-phase radio-frequency ablation
DE4126608A1 (en) 1991-08-12 1993-02-18 Fastenmeier Karl ARRANGEMENT FOR CUTTING ORGANIC TISSUE WITH HIGH-FREQUENCY CURRENT
US6022347A (en) 1991-08-12 2000-02-08 Karl Storz Gmbh & Co. High-frequency surgical generator for adjusted cutting and coagulation
EP0598780B1 (en) 1991-08-12 1999-03-03 Karl Storz GmbH & Co. Surgical high-frequency generator for cutting tissues
GB9119290D0 (en) 1991-09-10 1991-10-23 Drewnicki Richard Electrical adaptor
US5196009A (en) 1991-09-11 1993-03-23 Kirwan Jr Lawrence T Non-sticking electrosurgical device having nickel tips
CA2075319C (en) 1991-09-26 1998-06-30 Ernie Aranyi Handle for surgical instruments
US5713896A (en) 1991-11-01 1998-02-03 Medical Scientific, Inc. Impedance feedback electrosurgical system
US5207691A (en) 1991-11-01 1993-05-04 Medical Scientific, Inc. Electrosurgical clip applicator
US5323778A (en) 1991-11-05 1994-06-28 Brigham & Women's Hospital Method and apparatus for magnetic resonance imaging and heating tissues
AU3128593A (en) 1991-11-08 1993-06-07 Ep Technologies Inc Radiofrequency ablation with phase sensitive power detection
JP3530528B2 (en) 1991-11-08 2004-05-24 ボストン サイエンティフィック リミテッド Ablation electrode with insulated temperature sensing element
US5906614A (en) 1991-11-08 1999-05-25 Ep Technologies, Inc. Tissue heating and ablation systems and methods using predicted temperature for monitoring and control
US5383874A (en) 1991-11-08 1995-01-24 Ep Technologies, Inc. Systems for identifying catheters and monitoring their use
US5230623A (en) 1991-12-10 1993-07-27 Radionics, Inc. Operating pointer with interactive computergraphics
US5843019A (en) 1992-01-07 1998-12-01 Arthrocare Corporation Shaped electrodes and methods for electrosurgical cutting and ablation
US6974453B2 (en) 1993-05-10 2005-12-13 Arthrocare Corporation Dual mode electrosurgical clamping probe and related methods
US6142992A (en) 1993-05-10 2000-11-07 Arthrocare Corporation Power supply for limiting power in electrosurgery
KR0145453B1 (en) 1992-01-21 1998-07-01 알렌 제이 Electrosurgical trocar control device
US5267994A (en) 1992-02-10 1993-12-07 Conmed Corporation Electrosurgical probe
US5452725A (en) 1992-02-27 1995-09-26 Fisher & Paykel Limited Cable termination status detection
GB9204217D0 (en) 1992-02-27 1992-04-08 Goble Nigel M Cauterising apparatus
GB9204218D0 (en) 1992-02-27 1992-04-08 Goble Nigel M A surgical cutting tool
US5201900A (en) 1992-02-27 1993-04-13 Medical Scientific, Inc. Bipolar surgical clip
US5330518A (en) 1992-03-06 1994-07-19 Urologix, Inc. Method for treating interstitial tissue associated with microwave thermal therapy
US5254117A (en) 1992-03-17 1993-10-19 Alton Dean Medical Multi-functional endoscopic probe apparatus
US5300070A (en) 1992-03-17 1994-04-05 Conmed Corporation Electrosurgical trocar assembly with bi-polar electrode
US5436566A (en) 1992-03-17 1995-07-25 Conmed Corporation Leakage capacitance compensating current sensor for current supplied to medical device loads
US5432459A (en) 1992-03-17 1995-07-11 Conmed Corporation Leakage capacitance compensating current sensor for current supplied to medical device loads with unconnected reference conductor
US5282840A (en) 1992-03-26 1994-02-01 Medtronic, Inc. Multiple frequency impedance measurement system
US5573533A (en) 1992-04-10 1996-11-12 Medtronic Cardiorhythm Method and system for radiofrequency ablation of cardiac tissue
US5540681A (en) 1992-04-10 1996-07-30 Medtronic Cardiorhythm Method and system for radiofrequency ablation of tissue
US5281213A (en) 1992-04-16 1994-01-25 Implemed, Inc. Catheter for ice mapping and ablation
US5300068A (en) 1992-04-21 1994-04-05 St. Jude Medical, Inc. Electrosurgical apparatus
US5445635A (en) 1992-05-01 1995-08-29 Hemostatic Surgery Corporation Regulated-current power supply and methods for resistively-heated surgical instruments
US5443463A (en) 1992-05-01 1995-08-22 Vesta Medical, Inc. Coagulating forceps
US5443470A (en) 1992-05-01 1995-08-22 Vesta Medical, Inc. Method and apparatus for endometrial ablation
US5496314A (en) 1992-05-01 1996-03-05 Hemostatic Surgery Corporation Irrigation and shroud arrangement for electrically powered endoscopic probes
US5562720A (en) 1992-05-01 1996-10-08 Vesta Medical, Inc. Bipolar/monopolar endometrial ablation device and method
US5318563A (en) 1992-06-04 1994-06-07 Valley Forge Scientific Corporation Bipolar RF generator
US5341807A (en) 1992-06-30 1994-08-30 American Cardiac Ablation Co., Inc. Ablation catheter positioning system
WO1994002077A2 (en) 1992-07-15 1994-02-03 Angelase, Inc. Ablation catheter system
US5609560A (en) 1992-08-19 1997-03-11 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Medical operation device control system for controlling a operation devices accessed respectively by ID codes
US5414238A (en) 1992-10-02 1995-05-09 Martin Marietta Corporation Resonant power supply for an arcjet thruster
US5314406A (en) 1992-10-09 1994-05-24 Symbiosis Corporation Endoscopic electrosurgical suction-irrigation instrument
US6059781A (en) 1992-10-27 2000-05-09 Yamanashi; William S. Electroconvergent cautery system
US5370672A (en) 1992-10-30 1994-12-06 The Johns Hopkins University Computer-controlled neurological stimulation system
US5788688A (en) 1992-11-05 1998-08-04 Bauer Laboratories, Inc. Surgeon's command and control
US5342357A (en) 1992-11-13 1994-08-30 American Cardiac Ablation Co., Inc. Fluid cooled electrosurgical cauterization system
WO1994010922A1 (en) 1992-11-13 1994-05-26 Ep Technologies, Inc. Cardial ablation systems using temperature monitoring
US5334193A (en) 1992-11-13 1994-08-02 American Cardiac Ablation Co., Inc. Fluid cooled ablation catheter
WO1994010924A1 (en) 1992-11-13 1994-05-26 American Cardiac Ablation Co., Inc. Fluid cooled electrosurgical probe
US5545161A (en) 1992-12-01 1996-08-13 Cardiac Pathways Corporation Catheter for RF ablation having cooled electrode with electrically insulated sleeve
US5348554A (en) 1992-12-01 1994-09-20 Cardiac Pathways Corporation Catheter for RF ablation with cooled electrode
US5342356A (en) 1992-12-02 1994-08-30 Ellman Alan G Electrical coupling unit for electrosurgery
US5400267A (en) 1992-12-08 1995-03-21 Hemostatix Corporation Local in-device memory feature for electrically powered medical equipment
US5403312A (en) 1993-07-22 1995-04-04 Ethicon, Inc. Electrosurgical hemostatic device
US5558671A (en) 1993-07-22 1996-09-24 Yates; David C. Impedance feedback monitor for electrosurgical instrument
US5295857A (en) 1992-12-23 1994-03-22 Toly Elde V Electrical connector with improved wire termination system
US5403276A (en) 1993-02-16 1995-04-04 Danek Medical, Inc. Apparatus for minimally invasive tissue removal
US5430434A (en) 1993-02-24 1995-07-04 Lederer; Gabor Portable surgical early warning device
US5403311A (en) 1993-03-29 1995-04-04 Boston Scientific Corporation Electro-coagulation and ablation and other electrotherapeutic treatments of body tissue
GB9306637D0 (en) 1993-03-30 1993-05-26 Smiths Industries Plc Electrosurgery monitor and appartus
US5370645A (en) 1993-04-19 1994-12-06 Valleylab Inc. Electrosurgical processor and method of use
US5346406A (en) 1993-04-30 1994-09-13 Hubbell Incorporated Electrical cable and connector assembly with safety pilot line disconnect, especially for electric vehicle
US6235020B1 (en) 1993-05-10 2001-05-22 Arthrocare Corporation Power supply and methods for fluid delivery in electrosurgery
US5766153A (en) 1993-05-10 1998-06-16 Arthrocare Corporation Methods and apparatus for surgical cutting
US5628771A (en) 1993-05-12 1997-05-13 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Electromagnetic-wave thermatological device
ATE284650T1 (en) 1993-06-10 2005-01-15 Mir A Imran URETHRAL DEVICE FOR ABLATION USING HIGH FREQUENCY
GB9314391D0 (en) 1993-07-12 1993-08-25 Gyrus Medical Ltd A radio frequency oscillator and an electrosurgical generator incorporating such an oscillator
US5817093A (en) 1993-07-22 1998-10-06 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Impedance feedback monitor with query electrode for electrosurgical instrument
US5678568A (en) 1993-07-27 1997-10-21 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. System control apparatus, medical system control apparatus and image-plane display method of medical system control apparatus
US5372596A (en) 1993-07-27 1994-12-13 Valleylab Inc. Apparatus for leakage control and method for its use
US5385148A (en) 1993-07-30 1995-01-31 The Regents Of The University Of California Cardiac imaging and ablation catheter
US5921982A (en) 1993-07-30 1999-07-13 Lesh; Michael D. Systems and methods for ablating body tissue
US5749871A (en) 1993-08-23 1998-05-12 Refractec Inc. Method and apparatus for modifications of visual acuity by thermal means
US5417719A (en) 1993-08-25 1995-05-23 Medtronic, Inc. Method of using a spinal cord stimulation lead
JP2598574Y2 (en) 1993-08-25 1999-08-16 矢崎総業株式会社 Connector shielded wire connection structure
US5485312A (en) * 1993-09-14 1996-01-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Optical pattern recognition system and method for verifying the authenticity of a person, product or thing
US5409000A (en) 1993-09-14 1995-04-25 Cardiac Pathways Corporation Endocardial mapping and ablation system utilizing separately controlled steerable ablation catheter with ultrasonic imaging capabilities and method
US5423806A (en) 1993-10-01 1995-06-13 Medtronic, Inc. Laser extractor for an implanted object
US5496312A (en) 1993-10-07 1996-03-05 Valleylab Inc. Impedance and temperature generator control
US6210403B1 (en) 1993-10-07 2001-04-03 Sherwood Services Ag Automatic control for energy from an electrosurgical generator
US5433739A (en) 1993-11-02 1995-07-18 Sluijter; Menno E. Method and apparatus for heating an intervertebral disc for relief of back pain
US5571147A (en) 1993-11-02 1996-11-05 Sluijter; Menno E. Thermal denervation of an intervertebral disc for relief of back pain
US5472441A (en) 1993-11-08 1995-12-05 Zomed International Device for treating cancer and non-malignant tumors and methods
US5536267A (en) 1993-11-08 1996-07-16 Zomed International Multiple electrode ablation apparatus
JP3325098B2 (en) 1993-11-08 2002-09-17 オリンパス光学工業株式会社 Induction cautery equipment
US5458597A (en) 1993-11-08 1995-10-17 Zomed International Device for treating cancer and non-malignant tumors and methods
US5599346A (en) 1993-11-08 1997-02-04 Zomed International, Inc. RF treatment system
DE4339049C2 (en) 1993-11-16 2001-06-28 Erbe Elektromedizin Surgical system configuration facility
US5514129A (en) 1993-12-03 1996-05-07 Valleylab Inc. Automatic bipolar control for an electrosurgical generator
US6241725B1 (en) 1993-12-15 2001-06-05 Sherwood Services Ag High frequency thermal ablation of cancerous tumors and functional targets with image data assistance
US5645059A (en) 1993-12-17 1997-07-08 Nellcor Incorporated Medical sensor with modulated encoding scheme
US5462521A (en) 1993-12-21 1995-10-31 Angeion Corporation Fluid cooled and perfused tip for a catheter
US5422567A (en) 1993-12-27 1995-06-06 Valleylab Inc. High frequency power measurement
EP0740533A4 (en) 1994-01-18 1998-01-14 Endovascular Inc Apparatus and method for venous ligation
GB9400954D0 (en) 1994-01-19 1994-03-16 Smiths Industries Plc Electrosurgery apparatus
US5501703A (en) 1994-01-24 1996-03-26 Medtronic, Inc. Multichannel apparatus for epidural spinal cord stimulator
US6165169A (en) 1994-03-04 2000-12-26 Ep Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for identifying the physical, mechanical, and functional attributes of multiple electrode arrays
US5541376A (en) 1994-03-28 1996-07-30 Valleylab Inc Switch and connector
US5584830A (en) 1994-03-30 1996-12-17 Medtronic Cardiorhythm Method and system for radiofrequency ablation of cardiac tissue
US5529235A (en) 1994-04-28 1996-06-25 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Identification device for surgical instrument
US5458596A (en) 1994-05-06 1995-10-17 Dorsal Orthopedic Corporation Method and apparatus for controlled contraction of soft tissue
US5696441A (en) 1994-05-13 1997-12-09 Distribution Control Systems, Inc. Linear alternating current interface for electronic meters
US6464689B1 (en) 1999-09-08 2002-10-15 Curon Medical, Inc. Graphical user interface for monitoring and controlling use of medical devices
WO1996000040A1 (en) 1994-06-27 1996-01-04 Ep Technologies, Inc. Tissue ablation systems using temperature curve control
US5853409A (en) 1994-06-27 1998-12-29 E.P. Technologies, Inc. Systems and apparatus for sensing temperature in body tissue
US6113591A (en) 1994-06-27 2000-09-05 Ep Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for sensing sub-surface temperatures in body tissue
EP0768841B1 (en) 1994-06-27 2003-12-03 Boston Scientific Limited System for controlling tissue ablation using temperature sensors
CA2194061C (en) 1994-06-27 2006-04-11 David K. Swanson Systems and methods for sensing temperature within the body
US5735846A (en) 1994-06-27 1998-04-07 Ep Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for ablating body tissue using predicted maximum tissue temperature
GB9413070D0 (en) 1994-06-29 1994-08-17 Gyrus Medical Ltd Electrosurgical apparatus
DE4425195C1 (en) 1994-07-16 1995-11-16 Osypka Peter Heart catheter with multiple electrode device
US5846236A (en) 1994-07-18 1998-12-08 Karl Storz Gmbh & Co. High frequency-surgical generator for adjusted cutting and coagulation
WO1996003788A1 (en) 1994-07-25 1996-02-08 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Elastomeric locking taper connector with randomly placeable intermeshing member
US5540684A (en) 1994-07-28 1996-07-30 Hassler, Jr.; William L. Method and apparatus for electrosurgically treating tissue
US5496313A (en) 1994-09-20 1996-03-05 Conmed Corporation System for detecting penetration of medical instruments
US6142994A (en) 1994-10-07 2000-11-07 Ep Technologies, Inc. Surgical method and apparatus for positioning a diagnostic a therapeutic element within the body
US5720742A (en) 1994-10-11 1998-02-24 Zacharias; Jaime Controller and actuating system for surgical instrument
US5681307A (en) 1994-10-26 1997-10-28 Mcmahan; William H. Fiber-optic plug and receptacle providing automatic appliance recognition
DE4438978A1 (en) 1994-10-31 1996-05-02 Helmut Wurzer Electrosurgical unit and method for its operation
US5605150A (en) 1994-11-04 1997-02-25 Physio-Control Corporation Electrical interface for a portable electronic physiological instrument having separable components
US5534018A (en) 1994-11-30 1996-07-09 Medtronic, Inc. Automatic lead recognition for implantable medical device
EP0797408A2 (en) 1994-12-13 1997-10-01 Torben Lorentzen An electrosurgical instrument for tissue ablation, an apparatus, and a method for providing a lesion in damaged and diseased tissue from a mammal
US5613966A (en) 1994-12-21 1997-03-25 Valleylab Inc System and method for accessory rate control
US5695494A (en) 1994-12-22 1997-12-09 Valleylab Inc Rem output stage topology
US5596466A (en) 1995-01-13 1997-01-21 Ixys Corporation Intelligent, isolated half-bridge power module
US5500616A (en) 1995-01-13 1996-03-19 Ixys Corporation Overvoltage clamp and desaturation detection circuit
US5694304A (en) 1995-02-03 1997-12-02 Ericsson Raynet Corporation High efficiency resonant switching converters
US5712772A (en) 1995-02-03 1998-01-27 Ericsson Raynet Controller for high efficiency resonant switching converters
US6409722B1 (en) 1998-07-07 2002-06-25 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for creating, maintaining, and controlling a virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue
US5647871A (en) 1995-03-10 1997-07-15 Microsurge, Inc. Electrosurgery with cooled electrodes
US5868740A (en) 1995-03-24 1999-02-09 Board Of Regents-Univ Of Nebraska Method for volumetric tissue ablation
US6264650B1 (en) 1995-06-07 2001-07-24 Arthrocare Corporation Methods for electrosurgical treatment of intervertebral discs
US6039732A (en) 1995-04-18 2000-03-21 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Electric operation apparatus
US5707369A (en) 1995-04-24 1998-01-13 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Temperature feedback monitor for hemostatic surgical instrument
US5626575A (en) 1995-04-28 1997-05-06 Conmed Corporation Power level control apparatus for electrosurgical generators
US6053912A (en) 1995-05-01 2000-04-25 Ep Techonologies, Inc. Systems and methods for sensing sub-surface temperatures in body tissue during ablation with actively cooled electrodes
WO1996034570A1 (en) 1995-05-01 1996-11-07 Ep Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for obtaining desired lesion characteristics while ablating body tissue
US5688267A (en) 1995-05-01 1997-11-18 Ep Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for sensing multiple temperature conditions during tissue ablation
EP0957792A4 (en) 1995-05-02 2000-09-20 Heart Rhythm Tech Inc System for controlling the energy delivered to a patient for ablation
AU5727096A (en) 1995-05-04 1996-11-21 Eric R. Cosman Cool-tip electrode thermosurgery system
US6575969B1 (en) 1995-05-04 2003-06-10 Sherwood Services Ag Cool-tip radiofrequency thermosurgery electrode system for tumor ablation
US6010499A (en) 1995-05-31 2000-01-04 Nuvotek Ltd. Electrosurgical cutting and coagulation apparatus
US5743900A (en) 1995-06-06 1998-04-28 Sun Star Technology, Inc. Hot tip catheter and method for using the same
US5720744A (en) 1995-06-06 1998-02-24 Valleylab Inc Control system for neurosurgery
US5599344A (en) 1995-06-06 1997-02-04 Valleylab Inc. Control apparatus for electrosurgical generator power output
US5628745A (en) 1995-06-06 1997-05-13 Bek; Robin B. Exit spark control for an electrosurgical generator
US6293943B1 (en) 1995-06-07 2001-09-25 Ep Technologies, Inc. Tissue heating and ablation systems and methods which predict maximum tissue temperature
US6837888B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2005-01-04 Arthrocare Corporation Electrosurgical probe with movable return electrode and methods related thereto
US6632193B1 (en) 1995-06-07 2003-10-14 Arthrocare Corporation Systems and methods for electrosurgical tissue treatment
US6022346A (en) 1995-06-07 2000-02-08 Ep Technologies, Inc. Tissue heating and ablation systems and methods using self-heated electrodes
US6238391B1 (en) 1995-06-07 2001-05-29 Arthrocare Corporation Systems for tissue resection, ablation and aspiration
US20050004634A1 (en) 1995-06-07 2005-01-06 Arthrocare Corporation Methods for electrosurgical treatment of spinal tissue
US5697925A (en) 1995-06-09 1997-12-16 Engineering & Research Associates, Inc. Apparatus and method for thermal ablation
US5868737A (en) 1995-06-09 1999-02-09 Engineering Research & Associates, Inc. Apparatus and method for determining ablation
US6322558B1 (en) 1995-06-09 2001-11-27 Engineering & Research Associates, Inc. Apparatus and method for predicting ablation depth
US6113592A (en) 1995-06-09 2000-09-05 Engineering & Research Associates, Inc. Apparatus and method for controlling ablation depth
ES2233239T3 (en) 1995-06-23 2005-06-16 Gyrus Medical Limited ELECTROCHIRURGICAL INSTRUMENT.
US6293942B1 (en) 1995-06-23 2001-09-25 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator method
GB9526627D0 (en) 1995-12-29 1996-02-28 Gyrus Medical Ltd An electrosurgical instrument and an electrosurgical electrode assembly
US5810804A (en) 1995-08-15 1998-09-22 Rita Medical Systems Multiple antenna ablation apparatus and method with cooling element
DE19534151A1 (en) 1995-09-14 1997-03-20 Storz Endoskop Gmbh High frequency surgical device
US5827271A (en) 1995-09-19 1998-10-27 Valleylab Energy delivery system for vessel sealing
US5766165A (en) 1995-09-22 1998-06-16 Gentelia; John S. Return path monitoring system
US5772659A (en) 1995-09-26 1998-06-30 Valleylab Inc. Electrosurgical generator power control circuit and method
US5658322A (en) 1995-10-11 1997-08-19 Regeneration Technology Bio-active frequency generator and method
US5660567A (en) 1995-11-14 1997-08-26 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated Medical sensor connector with removable encoding device
US6228078B1 (en) 1995-11-22 2001-05-08 Arthrocare Corporation Methods for electrosurgical dermatological treatment
US5718246A (en) 1996-01-03 1998-02-17 Preferential, Inc. Preferential induction of electrically mediated cell death from applied pulses
US6350276B1 (en) 1996-01-05 2002-02-26 Thermage, Inc. Tissue remodeling apparatus containing cooling fluid
US5792138A (en) 1996-02-22 1998-08-11 Apollo Camera, Llc Cordless bipolar electrocautery unit with automatic power control
US5755760A (en) 1996-03-11 1998-05-26 Medtronic, Inc. Deflectable catheter
US5733281A (en) 1996-03-19 1998-03-31 American Ablation Co., Inc. Ultrasound and impedance feedback system for use with electrosurgical instruments
US6458121B1 (en) 1996-03-19 2002-10-01 Diapulse Corporation Of America Apparatus for athermapeutic medical treatments
US5925070A (en) 1996-04-04 1999-07-20 Medtronic, Inc. Techniques for adjusting the locus of excitation of electrically excitable tissue
US5702429A (en) 1996-04-04 1997-12-30 Medtronic, Inc. Neural stimulation techniques with feedback
US5797902A (en) 1996-05-10 1998-08-25 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Biomedical electrode providing early detection of accidental detachment
JP3140683B2 (en) 1996-05-27 2001-03-05 矢崎総業株式会社 Flat cable connection structure
US6186147B1 (en) 1996-05-30 2001-02-13 Nuvotek Limited Method for electrosurgical tissue cutting and coagulation
US5938690A (en) 1996-06-07 1999-08-17 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Pain management system and method
DE19623840A1 (en) 1996-06-14 1997-12-18 Berchtold Gmbh & Co Geb High frequency electrosurgical generator
US6246912B1 (en) 1996-06-27 2001-06-12 Sherwood Services Ag Modulated high frequency tissue modification
US5983141A (en) 1996-06-27 1999-11-09 Radionics, Inc. Method and apparatus for altering neural tissue function
DE19628482A1 (en) 1996-07-15 1998-01-22 Berchtold Gmbh & Co Geb Method for operating a high-frequency surgical device and high-frequency surgical device
US5931836A (en) 1996-07-29 1999-08-03 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Electrosurgery apparatus and medical apparatus combined with the same
US6544260B1 (en) 1996-08-20 2003-04-08 Oratec Interventions, Inc. Method for treating tissue in arthroscopic environment using precooling and apparatus for same
US5836943A (en) 1996-08-23 1998-11-17 Team Medical, L.L.C. Electrosurgical generator
US5964746A (en) 1996-08-29 1999-10-12 Bausch & Lomb Surgical, Inc. Microsurgical system having isolated handpiece detection apparatus
US5836909A (en) 1996-09-13 1998-11-17 Cosmescu; Ioan Automatic fluid control system for use in open and laparoscopic laser surgery and electrosurgery and method therefor
US5820568A (en) 1996-10-15 1998-10-13 Cardiac Pathways Corporation Apparatus and method for aiding in the positioning of a catheter
DE19643127A1 (en) 1996-10-18 1998-04-23 Berchtold Gmbh & Co Geb High frequency surgical device and method for its operation
US5830212A (en) 1996-10-21 1998-11-03 Ndm, Inc. Electrosurgical generator and electrode
US6053910A (en) 1996-10-30 2000-04-25 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Capacitive reusable electrosurgical return electrode
US5729448A (en) 1996-10-31 1998-03-17 Hewlett-Packard Company Low cost highly manufacturable DC-to-DC power converter
US6216704B1 (en) 1997-08-13 2001-04-17 Surx, Inc. Noninvasive devices, methods, and systems for shrinking of tissues
US5891142A (en) 1996-12-06 1999-04-06 Eggers & Associates, Inc. Electrosurgical forceps
US5954719A (en) 1996-12-11 1999-09-21 Irvine Biomedical, Inc. System for operating a RF ablation generator
US6235022B1 (en) 1996-12-20 2001-05-22 Cardiac Pathways, Inc RF generator and pump apparatus and system and method for cooled ablation
GB9626512D0 (en) 1996-12-20 1997-02-05 Gyrus Medical Ltd An improved electrosurgical generator and system
US6113596A (en) 1996-12-30 2000-09-05 Enable Medical Corporation Combination monopolar-bipolar electrosurgical instrument system, instrument and cable
JP3311625B2 (en) 1997-01-09 2002-08-05 矢崎総業株式会社 Wire connection structure
US5860832A (en) 1997-01-29 1999-01-19 Ut Automotive Dearborn, Inc. Method for connecting flat flexible cable and a connector
IL123052A (en) 1997-01-31 2001-03-19 Omega Engineering Thermoelectric product
DE19734369B4 (en) 1997-02-17 2004-10-28 Hüttinger Medizintechnik GmbH & Co. KG Device for reducing or avoiding high-frequency leakage currents in electrosurgical devices
US6626901B1 (en) 1997-03-05 2003-09-30 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Electrothermal instrument for sealing and joining or cutting tissue
US6063078A (en) 1997-03-12 2000-05-16 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for tissue ablation
US6088614A (en) 1997-03-31 2000-07-11 Boston Scientific Corporation Tissue characterization to identify an ablation site
DE19721362B4 (en) 1997-04-01 2011-05-26 Axel Muntermann Device and calibration method for catheter ablation
CN1213701C (en) 1997-04-04 2005-08-10 美国3M公司 Method and apparatus for controlling contact of biomedical electrodes with patient skin
US6033399A (en) 1997-04-09 2000-03-07 Valleylab, Inc. Electrosurgical generator with adaptive power control
DE19714972C2 (en) 1997-04-10 2001-12-06 Storz Endoskop Gmbh Schaffhaus Device for monitoring the application of a neutral electrode
ES2353846T3 (en) 1997-04-11 2011-03-07 United States Surgical Corporation APPLIANCE FOR RF ABLATION AND CONTROLLER OF THE SAME.
US5871481A (en) 1997-04-11 1999-02-16 Vidamed, Inc. Tissue ablation apparatus and method
GB9708268D0 (en) 1997-04-24 1997-06-18 Gyrus Medical Ltd An electrosurgical instrument
DE19717411A1 (en) 1997-04-25 1998-11-05 Aesculap Ag & Co Kg Monitoring of thermal loading of patient tissue in contact region of neutral electrode of HF treatment unit
US5948007A (en) 1997-04-30 1999-09-07 Medtronic, Inc. Dual channel implantation neurostimulation techniques
US5817091A (en) 1997-05-20 1998-10-06 Medical Scientific, Inc. Electrosurgical device having a visible indicator
US5908444A (en) 1997-06-19 1999-06-01 Healing Machines, Inc. Complex frequency pulsed electromagnetic generator and method of use
JP3315623B2 (en) 1997-06-19 2002-08-19 オリンパス光学工業株式会社 Return electrode peeling monitor of electrocautery device
US6565562B1 (en) 1997-06-27 2003-05-20 Baylis Medical Company Inc. Method for the radio frequency perforation and the enlargement of a body tissue
DE19730456A1 (en) 1997-07-16 1999-01-21 Berchtold Gmbh & Co Geb Electrically powered medical device
EP0996377A1 (en) * 1997-07-18 2000-05-03 Gyrus Medical Limited An electrosurgical instrument
US6096037A (en) 1997-07-29 2000-08-01 Medtronic, Inc. Tissue sealing electrosurgery device and methods of sealing tissue
US6102907A (en) 1997-08-15 2000-08-15 Somnus Medical Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and device for use therein and method for ablation of tissue
US6254422B1 (en) 1997-08-25 2001-07-03 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Electronic terminal for use on circuit boards
US5961344A (en) 1997-08-26 1999-10-05 Yazaki Corporation Cam-actuated terminal connector
US6055458A (en) 1997-08-28 2000-04-25 Bausch & Lomb Surgical, Inc. Modes/surgical functions
US6007532A (en) 1997-08-29 1999-12-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Method and apparatus for detecting loss of contact of biomedical electrodes with patient skin
DE19739699A1 (en) 1997-09-04 1999-03-11 Laser & Med Tech Gmbh Electrode arrangement for the electro-thermal treatment of the human or animal body
US5836990A (en) 1997-09-19 1998-11-17 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for determining electrode/tissue contact
US6358246B1 (en) 1999-06-25 2002-03-19 Radiotherapeutics Corporation Method and system for heating solid tissue
US5954717A (en) 1997-09-25 1999-09-21 Radiotherapeutics Corporation Method and system for heating solid tissue
US6039735A (en) 1997-10-03 2000-03-21 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Electric field concentrated electrosurgical electrode
WO1999017672A1 (en) 1997-10-06 1999-04-15 Somnus Medical Technologies, Inc. Electro-surgical instrument with a graphical user interface
US5807253A (en) 1997-10-06 1998-09-15 General Electrical Company Patient electrical isolation system
US6243654B1 (en) 1997-10-07 2001-06-05 Telemonitor, Inc. Transducer assembly with smart connector
AU1187899A (en) 1997-10-09 1999-05-03 Camran Nezhat Methods and systems for organ resection
US6579288B1 (en) 1997-10-10 2003-06-17 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Fluid cooled apparatus for supporting diagnostic and therapeutic elements in contact with tissue
US6267760B1 (en) 1998-05-05 2001-07-31 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Surgical method and apparatus for positioning a diagnostic or therapeutic element within the body and forming an incision in tissue with minimal blood loss
US6241723B1 (en) 1997-10-15 2001-06-05 Team Medical Llc Electrosurgical system
US6176857B1 (en) 1997-10-22 2001-01-23 Oratec Interventions, Inc. Method and apparatus for applying thermal energy to tissue asymmetrically
US6068627A (en) 1997-12-10 2000-05-30 Valleylab, Inc. Smart recognition apparatus and method
DE19757720A1 (en) 1997-12-23 1999-06-24 Sulzer Osypka Gmbh Method for operating a high-frequency ablation device and device for high-frequency tissue ablation
US6080149A (en) 1998-01-09 2000-06-27 Radiotherapeutics, Corporation Method and apparatus for monitoring solid tissue heating
US6974463B2 (en) 1999-02-09 2005-12-13 Innercool Therapies, Inc. System and method for patient temperature control employing temperature projection algorithm
US5954686A (en) 1998-02-02 1999-09-21 Garito; Jon C Dual-frequency electrosurgical instrument
US6562037B2 (en) 1998-02-12 2003-05-13 Boris E. Paton Bonding of soft biological tissues by passing high frequency electric current therethrough
US6132429A (en) 1998-02-17 2000-10-17 Baker; James A. Radiofrequency medical instrument and methods for luminal welding
US6358245B1 (en) 1998-02-19 2002-03-19 Curon Medical, Inc. Graphical user interface for association with an electrode structure deployed in contact with a tissue region
US6273886B1 (en) 1998-02-19 2001-08-14 Curon Medical, Inc. Integrated tissue heating and cooling apparatus
US6864686B2 (en) 1998-03-12 2005-03-08 Storz Endoskop Gmbh High-frequency surgical device and operation monitoring device for a high-frequency surgical device
US6014581A (en) 1998-03-26 2000-01-11 Ep Technologies, Inc. Interface for performing a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure on heart tissue with an electrode structure
DE19814681B4 (en) 1998-04-01 2008-11-13 Infineon Technologies Ag Current Mode Switching Regulators
US6383183B1 (en) 1998-04-09 2002-05-07 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. High frequency treatment apparatus
US6657173B2 (en) 1998-04-21 2003-12-02 State Board Of Higher Education On Behalf Of Oregon State University Variable frequency automated capacitive radio frequency (RF) dielectric heating system
US6059778A (en) 1998-05-05 2000-05-09 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. RF ablation apparatus and method using unipolar and bipolar techniques
US6508815B1 (en) 1998-05-08 2003-01-21 Novacept Radio-frequency generator for powering an ablation device
US6216703B1 (en) 1998-05-08 2001-04-17 Thermatrx, Inc. Therapeutic prostatic thermotherapy
US6188211B1 (en) 1998-05-13 2001-02-13 Texas Instruments Incorporated Current-efficient low-drop-out voltage regulator with improved load regulation and frequency response
US6428537B1 (en) 1998-05-22 2002-08-06 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Electrophysiological treatment methods and apparatus employing high voltage pulse to render tissue temporarily unresponsive
SI1087691T1 (en) 1998-06-18 2002-10-31 Telea Electronic Engineering S.R.L. Radiofrequency electrosurgical generator with current control
US6537272B2 (en) 1998-07-07 2003-03-25 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for creating, maintaining, and controlling a virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue
US6440157B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2002-08-27 Respiratory Support Products Inc. Air warming system for providing a controlled temperature of air to an air blanket
US6212433B1 (en) 1998-07-28 2001-04-03 Radiotherapeutics Corporation Method for treating tumors near the surface of an organ
US6620189B1 (en) 2000-02-28 2003-09-16 Radiant Medical, Inc. Method and system for control of a patient's body temperature by way of a transluminally insertable heat exchange catheter
US6245065B1 (en) 1998-09-10 2001-06-12 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for controlling power in an electrosurgical probe
US6123702A (en) 1998-09-10 2000-09-26 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for controlling power in an electrosurgical probe
US6183468B1 (en) 1998-09-10 2001-02-06 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for controlling power in an electrosurgical probe
US6402748B1 (en) 1998-09-23 2002-06-11 Sherwood Services Ag Electrosurgical device having a dielectrical seal
JP4136118B2 (en) 1998-09-30 2008-08-20 オリンパス株式会社 Electrosurgical equipment
DE19848540A1 (en) 1998-10-21 2000-05-25 Reinhard Kalfhaus Circuit layout and method for operating a single- or multiphase current inverter connects an AC voltage output to a primary winding and current and a working resistance to a transformer's secondary winding and current.
US7137980B2 (en) 1998-10-23 2006-11-21 Sherwood Services Ag Method and system for controlling output of RF medical generator
US7901400B2 (en) 1998-10-23 2011-03-08 Covidien Ag Method and system for controlling output of RF medical generator
US6398779B1 (en) 1998-10-23 2002-06-04 Sherwood Services Ag Vessel sealing system
US20100042093A9 (en) 1998-10-23 2010-02-18 Wham Robert H System and method for terminating treatment in impedance feedback algorithm
US7364577B2 (en) 2002-02-11 2008-04-29 Sherwood Services Ag Vessel sealing system
US6796981B2 (en) 1999-09-30 2004-09-28 Sherwood Services Ag Vessel sealing system
US20040167508A1 (en) 2002-02-11 2004-08-26 Robert Wham Vessel sealing system
US6102497A (en) 1998-11-03 2000-08-15 Sherwood Services Ag Universal cart
US6155975A (en) 1998-11-06 2000-12-05 Urich; Alex Phacoemulsification apparatus with personal computer
US6371963B1 (en) 1998-11-17 2002-04-16 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Device for controlled endoscopic penetration of injection needle
US6451015B1 (en) 1998-11-18 2002-09-17 Sherwood Services Ag Method and system for menu-driven two-dimensional display lesion generator
US6436096B1 (en) 1998-11-27 2002-08-20 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Electrosurgical apparatus with stable coagulation
SE520276C2 (en) 1999-01-25 2003-06-17 Elekta Ab Device for controlled tissue destruction
US6423057B1 (en) 1999-01-25 2002-07-23 The Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona Method and apparatus for monitoring and controlling tissue temperature and lesion formation in radio-frequency ablation procedures
US6113593A (en) 1999-02-01 2000-09-05 Tu; Lily Chen Ablation apparatus having temperature and force sensing capabilities
US6464696B1 (en) 1999-02-26 2002-10-15 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Electrical surgical operating apparatus
US6398781B1 (en) 1999-03-05 2002-06-04 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgery system
US6582427B1 (en) 1999-03-05 2003-06-24 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgery system
US6645198B1 (en) 1999-03-17 2003-11-11 Ntero Surgical, Inc. Systems and methods for reducing post-surgical complications
US6497659B1 (en) 1999-04-09 2002-12-24 Spacelabs Medical, Inc. System for identifying a cable transmitting a signal from a sensor to an electronic instrument
US6162217A (en) 1999-04-21 2000-12-19 Oratec Interventions, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling a temperature-controlled probe
US6939346B2 (en) 1999-04-21 2005-09-06 Oratec Interventions, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling a temperature-controlled probe
US6203541B1 (en) 1999-04-23 2001-03-20 Sherwood Services Ag Automatic activation of electrosurgical generator bipolar output
US6258085B1 (en) 1999-05-11 2001-07-10 Sherwood Services Ag Electrosurgical return electrode monitor
US6547786B1 (en) 1999-05-21 2003-04-15 Gyrus Medical Electrosurgery system and instrument
GB9911956D0 (en) 1999-05-21 1999-07-21 Gyrus Medical Ltd Electrosurgery system and method
US20030181898A1 (en) 1999-05-28 2003-09-25 Bowers William J. RF filter for an electrosurgical generator
US6696844B2 (en) 1999-06-04 2004-02-24 Engineering & Research Associates, Inc. Apparatus and method for real time determination of materials' electrical properties
US6391024B1 (en) 1999-06-17 2002-05-21 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. RF ablation apparatus and method having electrode/tissue contact assessment scheme and electrocardiogram filtering
US6692489B1 (en) 1999-07-21 2004-02-17 Team Medical, Llc Electrosurgical mode conversion system
US6666860B1 (en) 1999-08-24 2003-12-23 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Electric treatment system
US6237604B1 (en) 1999-09-07 2001-05-29 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for preventing automatic identification of re-used single use devices
US6611793B1 (en) 1999-09-07 2003-08-26 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Systems and methods to identify and disable re-use single use devices based on detecting environmental changes
US6651669B1 (en) 1999-09-07 2003-11-25 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Systems and methods to identify and disable re-used single use devices based on cataloging catheter usage
EP1210024A1 (en) 1999-09-08 2002-06-05 Curon Medical, Inc. System for controlling a family of treatment devices
JP2003508150A (en) 1999-09-08 2003-03-04 キューロン メディカル，インコーポレイテッド Systems and methods for monitoring and controlling use of medical devices
US6238388B1 (en) 1999-09-10 2001-05-29 Alan G. Ellman Low-voltage electrosurgical apparatus
US7229469B1 (en) 1999-10-02 2007-06-12 Quantumcor, Inc. Methods for treating and repairing mitral valve annulus
US6402741B1 (en) 1999-10-08 2002-06-11 Sherwood Services Ag Current and status monitor
US6517538B1 (en) 1999-10-15 2003-02-11 Harold Jacob Temperature-controlled snare
US6442434B1 (en) 1999-10-19 2002-08-27 Abiomed, Inc. Methods and apparatus for providing a sufficiently stable power to a load in an energy transfer system
US6635057B2 (en) 1999-12-02 2003-10-21 Olympus Optical Co. Ltd. Electric operation apparatus
JP2001210410A (en) 2000-01-28 2001-08-03 Yazaki Corp Terminal structure of flat circuit body
GB0002607D0 (en) 2000-02-05 2000-03-29 Smiths Industries Plc Cable testing
US20040068307A1 (en) 2000-02-08 2004-04-08 Gyrus Medical Limited Surgical instrument
US6758846B2 (en) 2000-02-08 2004-07-06 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical instrument and an electrosurgery system including such an instrument
US7146210B2 (en) 2000-02-17 2006-12-05 Standen Ltd. Apparatus and method for optimizing tumor treatment efficiency by electric fields
US6232556B1 (en) 2000-02-23 2001-05-15 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Flat wire to round wire connection system
JP3734139B2 (en) 2000-02-25 2006-01-11 矢崎総業株式会社 Connector for flat circuit body
US6623423B2 (en) 2000-02-29 2003-09-23 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Surgical operation system
US6689131B2 (en) 2001-03-08 2004-02-10 Tissuelink Medical, Inc. Electrosurgical device having a tissue reduction sensor
US6663623B1 (en) 2000-03-13 2003-12-16 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Electric surgical operation apparatus
US6936047B2 (en) 2000-05-12 2005-08-30 Agility Capital Llc Multi-channel RF energy delivery with coagulum reduction
US6498466B1 (en) 2000-05-23 2002-12-24 Linear Technology Corp. Cancellation of slope compensation effect on current limit
US6558376B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2003-05-06 Gregory D. Bishop Method of use of an ultrasonic clamp and coagulation apparatus with tissue support surface
US6511478B1 (en) 2000-06-30 2003-01-28 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Medical probe with reduced number of temperature sensor wires
IT1314857B1 (en) 2000-07-07 2003-01-16 Salvatore Rinaldi THERAPEUTIC ASYMMETRICAL RADIOELECTRIC CONVEYOR.
US6546270B1 (en) 2000-07-07 2003-04-08 Biosense, Inc. Multi-electrode catheter, system and method
JP3897962B2 (en) 2000-07-19 2007-03-28 株式会社モリタ製作所 Identification-type instrument body, identification-type adapter, identification-type tube, and medical device using these
CA2416581A1 (en) * 2000-07-25 2002-04-25 Rita Medical Systems, Inc. Apparatus for detecting and treating tumors using localized impedance measurement
KR100387384B1 (en) 2000-07-26 2003-06-12 규 호 이 Embolic material detachment detection system and method and assembly for embolic treatments
US6413256B1 (en) 2000-08-01 2002-07-02 Csaba Truckai Voltage threshold ablation method and apparatus
EP1307154B1 (en) 2000-08-08 2005-02-23 Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH High-frequency generator for performing high-frequency surgery having adjustable power limitation
US6730080B2 (en) 2000-08-23 2004-05-04 Olympus Corporation Electric operation apparatus
US6693782B1 (en) 2000-09-20 2004-02-17 Dell Products L.P. Surge suppression for current limiting circuits
DK176207B1 (en) 2000-09-28 2007-02-05 Xo Care As Electrosurgical apparatus
US6338657B1 (en) 2000-10-20 2002-01-15 Ethicon Endo-Surgery Hand piece connector
US6809508B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2004-10-26 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Detection circuitry for surgical handpiece system
US6656177B2 (en) 2000-10-23 2003-12-02 Csaba Truckai Electrosurgical systems and techniques for sealing tissue
GB0026586D0 (en) * 2000-10-31 2000-12-13 Gyrus Medical Ltd An electrosurgical system
US6843789B2 (en) 2000-10-31 2005-01-18 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical system
US6560470B1 (en) 2000-11-15 2003-05-06 Datex-Ohmeda, Inc. Electrical lockout photoplethysmographic measurement system
US6740085B2 (en) 2000-11-16 2004-05-25 Olympus Corporation Heating treatment system
US6602243B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2003-08-05 Alsius Corporation Foley catheter having redundant temperature sensors and method
US6620157B1 (en) 2000-12-28 2003-09-16 Senorx, Inc. High frequency power source
JP2002238919A (en) 2001-02-20 2002-08-27 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Control apparatus for medical care system and medical care system
US7008421B2 (en) 2002-08-21 2006-03-07 Resect Medical, Inc. Apparatus and method for tissue resection
US7422586B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2008-09-09 Angiodynamics, Inc. Tissue surface treatment apparatus and method
US6682527B2 (en) 2001-03-13 2004-01-27 Perfect Surgical Techniques, Inc. Method and system for heating tissue with a bipolar instrument
US6743225B2 (en) 2001-03-27 2004-06-01 Uab Research Foundation Electrophysiologic measure of endpoints for ablation lesions created in fibrillating substrates
EP1535581B1 (en) 2001-04-06 2010-07-14 Covidien AG Vessel sealer and divider
US7083618B2 (en) 2001-04-06 2006-08-01 Sherwood Services Ag Vessel sealer and divider
US6663627B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2003-12-16 Medtronic, Inc. Ablation system and method of use
US6648883B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2003-11-18 Medtronic, Inc. Ablation system and method of use
US6989010B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2006-01-24 Medtronic, Inc. Ablation system and method of use
US7250048B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2007-07-31 Medtronic, Inc. Ablation system and method of use
US6642376B2 (en) 2001-04-30 2003-11-04 North Carolina State University Rational synthesis of heteroleptic lanthanide sandwich coordination complexes
JP4656755B2 (en) 2001-05-07 2011-03-23 オリンパス株式会社 Electrosurgical equipment
DE10128377A1 (en) 2001-06-08 2003-01-16 Storz Endoskop Gmbh Schaffhaus Electrosurgical device
US20040015159A1 (en) 2001-07-03 2004-01-22 Syntheon, Llc Methods and apparatus for treating the wall of a blood vessel with electromagnetic energy
US6923804B2 (en) 2001-07-12 2005-08-02 Neothermia Corporation Electrosurgical generator
US6740079B1 (en) 2001-07-12 2004-05-25 Neothermia Corporation Electrosurgical generator
US6939344B2 (en) 2001-08-02 2005-09-06 Syneron Medical Ltd. Method for controlling skin temperature during thermal treatment
US6426886B1 (en) 2001-08-03 2002-07-30 Switch Power, Inc. Overcurrent protection for a linear post-regulator used in a voltage converter system
US7282048B2 (en) 2001-08-27 2007-10-16 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator and system
US7344532B2 (en) 2001-08-27 2008-03-18 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator and system
DE60239778D1 (en) 2001-08-27 2011-06-01 Gyrus Medical Ltd Electrosurgical device
US6929641B2 (en) 2001-08-27 2005-08-16 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical system
US6966907B2 (en) 2001-08-27 2005-11-22 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator and system
US6652514B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2003-11-25 Alan G. Ellman Intelligent selection system for electrosurgical instrument
US6761716B2 (en) 2001-09-18 2004-07-13 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. System and method for assessing electrode-tissue contact and lesion quality during RF ablation by measurement of conduction time
US6635056B2 (en) 2001-10-09 2003-10-21 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. RF ablation apparatus and method using amplitude control
US6685703B2 (en) 2001-10-19 2004-02-03 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Generator and probe adapter
NL1019206C2 (en) 2001-10-22 2003-04-23 Johannes Josephus Maria Cuppen Device and method for electromagnetic therapy.
US6796980B2 (en) 2001-11-21 2004-09-28 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. System and method for validating and troubleshooting ablation system set-up
US6602252B2 (en) 2002-01-03 2003-08-05 Starion Instruments Corporation Combined dissecting, cauterizing, and stapling device
US20030139740A1 (en) 2002-01-22 2003-07-24 Syneron Medical Ltd. System and method for treating skin
US6827715B2 (en) 2002-01-25 2004-12-07 Medtronic, Inc. System and method of performing an electrosurgical procedure
US6790206B2 (en) 2002-01-31 2004-09-14 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Compensation for power variation along patient cables
US6733498B2 (en) 2002-02-19 2004-05-11 Live Tissue Connect, Inc. System and method for control of tissue welding
US7192427B2 (en) 2002-02-19 2007-03-20 Afx, Inc. Apparatus and method for assessing transmurality of a tissue ablation
US7294127B2 (en) 2002-03-05 2007-11-13 Baylis Medical Company Inc. Electrosurgical tissue treatment method
US7163536B2 (en) 2004-06-10 2007-01-16 Baylis Medical Company Inc. Determining connections of multiple energy sources and energy delivery devices
US6695837B2 (en) 2002-03-13 2004-02-24 Starion Instruments Corporation Power supply for identification and control of electrical surgical tools
US7285117B2 (en) 2002-03-15 2007-10-23 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Medical device control systems
JP2003284725A (en) * 2002-03-28 2003-10-07 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Electric surgical operation device
US7258688B1 (en) 2002-04-16 2007-08-21 Baylis Medical Company Inc. Computerized electrical signal generator
US20040030330A1 (en) 2002-04-18 2004-02-12 Brassell James L. Electrosurgery systems
US7008417B2 (en) 2002-04-22 2006-03-07 Medtronics, Inc. Detecting coagulum formation
US6730078B2 (en) 2002-04-22 2004-05-04 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. RF ablation apparatus and method using multi-frequency energy delivery
DE10218894A1 (en) 2002-04-26 2003-11-13 Storz Endoskop Prod Gmbh Device for monitoring medical devices
DE10218893A1 (en) 2002-04-26 2003-11-13 Storz Endoskop Prod Gmbh RF Chirugiegenerator
DE10218895B4 (en) 2002-04-26 2006-12-21 Storz Endoskop Produktions Gmbh High-frequency surgical generator
WO2003092520A1 (en) 2002-05-06 2003-11-13 Sherwood Services Ag Blood detector for controlling anesu and method therefor
US7004174B2 (en) 2002-05-31 2006-02-28 Neothermia Corporation Electrosurgery with infiltration anesthesia
US7220260B2 (en) 2002-06-27 2007-05-22 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical system
US6855141B2 (en) 2002-07-22 2005-02-15 Medtronic, Inc. Method for monitoring impedance to control power and apparatus utilizing same
US6730079B2 (en) 2002-07-22 2004-05-04 Medtronic Vidamed, Inc. Method for calculating impedance and apparatus utilizing same
US6824539B2 (en) 2002-08-02 2004-11-30 Storz Endoskop Produktions Gmbh Touchscreen controlling medical equipment from multiple manufacturers
US7341586B2 (en) 2002-08-21 2008-03-11 Resect Medical, Inc. Thermal coagulation of tissue during tissue resection
US7223264B2 (en) * 2002-08-21 2007-05-29 Resect Medical, Inc. Thermal coagulation of tissue during tissue resection
JP3614837B2 (en) 2002-08-30 2005-01-26 Ｓｍｋ株式会社 Wire connection plug
JP4004040B2 (en) 2002-09-05 2007-11-07 株式会社東芝 Semiconductor device
GB0221707D0 (en) 2002-09-18 2002-10-30 Gyrus Medical Ltd Electrical system
US6860881B2 (en) 2002-09-25 2005-03-01 Sherwood Services Ag Multiple RF return pad contact detection system
US7087054B2 (en) * 2002-10-01 2006-08-08 Surgrx, Inc. Electrosurgical instrument and method of use
US7041096B2 (en) 2002-10-24 2006-05-09 Synergetics Usa, Inc. Electrosurgical generator apparatus
AU2003295518B2 (en) 2002-11-13 2009-06-04 Artemis Medical, Inc. Devices and methods for controlling initial movement of an electrosurgical electrode
US7799026B2 (en) 2002-11-14 2010-09-21 Covidien Ag Compressible jaw configuration with bipolar RF output electrodes for soft tissue fusion
US20040097912A1 (en) 2002-11-18 2004-05-20 Gonnering Wayne J. Electrosurgical generator and method with removable front panel having replaceable electrical connection sockets and illuminated receptacles
US6875210B2 (en) 2002-11-19 2005-04-05 Conmed Corporation Electrosurgical generator and method for cross-checking mode functionality
US6948503B2 (en) 2002-11-19 2005-09-27 Conmed Corporation Electrosurgical generator and method for cross-checking output power
US6942660B2 (en) 2002-11-19 2005-09-13 Conmed Corporation Electrosurgical generator and method with multiple semi-autonomously executable functions
US6830569B2 (en) 2002-11-19 2004-12-14 Conmed Corporation Electrosurgical generator and method for detecting output power delivery malfunction
US6939347B2 (en) 2002-11-19 2005-09-06 Conmed Corporation Electrosurgical generator and method with voltage and frequency regulated high-voltage current mode power supply
US7255694B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2007-08-14 Sherwood Services Ag Variable output crest factor electrosurgical generator
US7044948B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2006-05-16 Sherwood Services Ag Circuit for controlling arc energy from an electrosurgical generator
US7131445B2 (en) 2002-12-23 2006-11-07 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical method and apparatus
WO2004062516A1 (en) 2003-01-09 2004-07-29 Gyrus Medical Limited An electrosurgical generator
US7195627B2 (en) 2003-01-09 2007-03-27 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical generator
US6653569B1 (en) 2003-02-06 2003-11-25 Yun-Ching Sung Serial ATA cable
US7357800B2 (en) 2003-02-14 2008-04-15 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Power supply and control apparatus and electrophysiology systems including the same
US7402754B2 (en) 2003-04-30 2008-07-22 Kirwan Surgical Products, Inc. Integral electrically conducting cord and lumen
EP1617776B1 (en) 2003-05-01 2015-09-02 Covidien AG System for programing and controlling an electrosurgical generator system
EP1617778A2 (en) 2003-05-01 2006-01-25 Sherwood Services AG Electrosurgical instrument which reduces thermal damage to adjacent tissue
WO2004103156A2 (en) 2003-05-15 2004-12-02 Sherwood Services Ag Tissue sealer with non-conductive variable stop members and method of sealing tissue
US20050021020A1 (en) 2003-05-15 2005-01-27 Blaha Derek M. System for activating an electrosurgical instrument
ITVI20030110A1 (en) 2003-06-06 2004-12-07 Telea Electronic Eng Srl ELECTRONIC SCALPEL.
US7156846B2 (en) 2003-06-13 2007-01-02 Sherwood Services Ag Vessel sealer and divider for use with small trocars and cannulas
JP4231743B2 (en) 2003-07-07 2009-03-04 オリンパス株式会社 Biological tissue resection device
JP2005058616A (en) 2003-08-19 2005-03-10 Olympus Corp Control device for medical system and method of control for medical system
JP2005102750A (en) 2003-09-26 2005-04-21 Olympus Corp Electrosurgical power supply apparatus
US6746284B1 (en) 2003-10-02 2004-06-08 Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd. Electrical connector assembly having signal and power terminals
US7416549B2 (en) 2003-10-10 2008-08-26 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Multi-zone bipolar ablation probe assembly
AU2003284929B2 (en) 2003-10-23 2010-07-22 Covidien Ag Redundant temperature monitoring in electrosurgical systems for safety mitigation
AU2003286644B2 (en) 2003-10-23 2009-09-10 Covidien Ag Thermocouple measurement circuit
JP2007509717A (en) 2003-10-28 2007-04-19 ザ ユーエービー リサーチ ファウンデーション Electrosurgical control system
US7396336B2 (en) 2003-10-30 2008-07-08 Sherwood Services Ag Switched resonant ultrasonic power amplifier system
US20050109111A1 (en) 2003-10-30 2005-05-26 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Sensor and method of transmitting sensor data
US7232437B2 (en) 2003-10-30 2007-06-19 Medical Cv, Inc. Assessment of lesion transmurality
CA2543754C (en) 2003-10-30 2013-10-15 Sherwood Services Ag Automatic control system for an electrosurgical generator
US7115124B1 (en) 2003-11-12 2006-10-03 Jia Hua Xiao Device and method for tissue ablation using bipolar radio-frequency current
US6958064B2 (en) 2003-11-14 2005-10-25 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Systems and methods for performing simultaneous ablation
US7252667B2 (en) 2003-11-19 2007-08-07 Sherwood Services Ag Open vessel sealing instrument with cutting mechanism and distal lockout
US7156844B2 (en) 2003-11-20 2007-01-02 Sherwood Services Ag Electrosurgical pencil with improved controls
US7131860B2 (en) 2003-11-20 2006-11-07 Sherwood Services Ag Connector systems for electrosurgical generator
WO2005060849A1 (en) 2003-11-20 2005-07-07 Sherwood Services Ag Electrosurgical pencil with plurality of controls
US7300435B2 (en) 2003-11-21 2007-11-27 Sherwood Services Ag Automatic control system for an electrosurgical generator
US7118564B2 (en) 2003-11-26 2006-10-10 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Medical treatment system with energy delivery device for limiting reuse
US7317955B2 (en) 2003-12-12 2008-01-08 Conmed Corporation Virtual operating room integration
US7317954B2 (en) 2003-12-12 2008-01-08 Conmed Corporation Virtual control of electrosurgical generator functions
US7094231B1 (en) 2004-01-22 2006-08-22 Ellman Alan G Dual-mode electrosurgical instrument
US7766905B2 (en) 2004-02-12 2010-08-03 Covidien Ag Method and system for continuity testing of medical electrodes
US7780662B2 (en) 2004-03-02 2010-08-24 Covidien Ag Vessel sealing system using capacitive RF dielectric heating
US7250746B2 (en) 2004-03-31 2007-07-31 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Current mode switching regulator with predetermined on time
DE102004025613B4 (en) 2004-05-25 2008-08-07 Erbe Elektromedizin Gmbh Method and measuring device for determining the transition impedance between two partial electrodes of a divided neutral electrode
US7226447B2 (en) 2004-06-23 2007-06-05 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Electrosurgical generator
US7465302B2 (en) 2004-08-17 2008-12-16 Encision, Inc. System and method for performing an electrosurgical procedure
US7422582B2 (en) 2004-09-29 2008-09-09 Stryker Corporation Control console to which powered surgical handpieces are connected, the console configured to simultaneously energize more than one and less than all of the handpieces
US7282049B2 (en) 2004-10-08 2007-10-16 Sherwood Services Ag Electrosurgical system employing multiple electrodes and method thereof
US7628786B2 (en) 2004-10-13 2009-12-08 Covidien Ag Universal foot switch contact port
DE102004054575A1 (en) 2004-11-11 2006-05-24 Erbe Elektromedizin Gmbh Control for an electrosurgical unit
US20060161148A1 (en) 2005-01-13 2006-07-20 Robert Behnke Circuit and method for controlling an electrosurgical generator using a full bridge topology
US9474564B2 (en) 2005-03-31 2016-10-25 Covidien Ag Method and system for compensating for external impedance of an energy carrying component when controlling an electrosurgical generator
US7491202B2 (en) 2005-03-31 2009-02-17 Covidien Ag Electrosurgical forceps with slow closure sealing plates and method of sealing tissue
US7305311B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2007-12-04 Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. Arc detection and handling in radio frequency power applications
TWI287421B (en) 2005-06-27 2007-09-21 Delta Electronics Inc Communication circuit module
US7621041B2 (en) 2005-07-11 2009-11-24 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Methods for forming multilayer structures
US7525398B2 (en) 2005-10-18 2009-04-28 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Acoustically communicating data signals across an electrical isolation barrier
US8734438B2 (en) 2005-10-21 2014-05-27 Covidien Ag Circuit and method for reducing stored energy in an electrosurgical generator
US7947039B2 (en) 2005-12-12 2011-05-24 Covidien Ag Laparoscopic apparatus for performing electrosurgical procedures
US8147485B2 (en) 2006-01-24 2012-04-03 Covidien Ag System and method for tissue sealing
US20070173802A1 (en) 2006-01-24 2007-07-26 Keppel David S Method and system for transmitting data across patient isolation barrier
US7513896B2 (en) 2006-01-24 2009-04-07 Covidien Ag Dual synchro-resonant electrosurgical apparatus with bi-directional magnetic coupling
CA2574934C (en) 2006-01-24 2015-12-29 Sherwood Services Ag System and method for closed loop monitoring of monopolar electrosurgical apparatus
US8216223B2 (en) 2006-01-24 2012-07-10 Covidien Ag System and method for tissue sealing
US8685016B2 (en) 2006-01-24 2014-04-01 Covidien Ag System and method for tissue sealing
CA2575392C (en) 2006-01-24 2015-07-07 Sherwood Services Ag System and method for tissue sealing
US20070173813A1 (en) 2006-01-24 2007-07-26 Sherwood Services Ag System and method for tissue sealing
CA2574935A1 (en) 2006-01-24 2007-07-24 Sherwood Services Ag A method and system for controlling an output of a radio-frequency medical generator having an impedance based control algorithm
US7651493B2 (en) 2006-03-03 2010-01-26 Covidien Ag System and method for controlling electrosurgical snares
US7648499B2 (en) 2006-03-21 2010-01-19 Covidien Ag System and method for generating radio frequency energy
US7651492B2 (en) 2006-04-24 2010-01-26 Covidien Ag Arc based adaptive control system for an electrosurgical unit
US8753334B2 (en) 2006-05-10 2014-06-17 Covidien Ag System and method for reducing leakage current in an electrosurgical generator
US20070282320A1 (en) 2006-05-30 2007-12-06 Sherwood Services Ag System and method for controlling tissue heating rate prior to cellular vaporization
ES2928065T3 (en) * 2006-06-28 2022-11-15 Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg Thermally induced renal neuromodulation systems
US7731717B2 (en) 2006-08-08 2010-06-08 Covidien Ag System and method for controlling RF output during tissue sealing
US8034049B2 (en) 2006-08-08 2011-10-11 Covidien Ag System and method for measuring initial tissue impedance
US7794457B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2010-09-14 Covidien Ag Transformer for RF voltage sensing
JPWO2008053532A1 (en) * 2006-10-31 2010-02-25 オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 Induction cautery power supply
US7951144B2 (en) 2007-01-19 2011-05-31 Mahajan Roop L Thermal and electrical conductivity probes and methods of making the same
USD574323S1 (en) 2007-02-12 2008-08-05 Tyco Healthcare Group Lp Generator
US8777941B2 (en) 2007-05-10 2014-07-15 Covidien Lp Adjustable impedance electrosurgical electrodes
US9861424B2 (en) 2007-07-11 2018-01-09 Covidien Lp Measurement and control systems and methods for electrosurgical procedures
US7834484B2 (en) 2007-07-16 2010-11-16 Tyco Healthcare Group Lp Connection cable and method for activating a voltage-controlled generator
US8152800B2 (en) 2007-07-30 2012-04-10 Vivant Medical, Inc. Electrosurgical systems and printed circuit boards for use therewith
US8216220B2 (en) 2007-09-07 2012-07-10 Tyco Healthcare Group Lp System and method for transmission of combined data stream
US8512332B2 (en) 2007-09-21 2013-08-20 Covidien Lp Real-time arc control in electrosurgical generators

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020052599A1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2002-05-02 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgical system
US20080082096A1 (en) * 2006-10-02 2008-04-03 Shores Ronald B Electrosurgical generator and method for simulating output signals

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP5524956B2 (en) 2014-06-18
JP2011523888A (en) 2011-08-25
US8226639B2 (en) 2012-07-24
EP2296572B1 (en) 2013-09-04
EP2296572A1 (en) 2011-03-23
US20090306648A1 (en) 2009-12-10
EP2296572A4 (en) 2011-12-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8226639B2 (en) System and method for output control of electrosurgical generator
EP2298203B1 (en) System for terminating treatment in impedance feedback algorithm
US10543038B2 (en) System and method for process monitoring and intelligent shut-off
JP6018008B2 (en) Electrosurgical monopolar device with arc energy vascular coagulation control
AU2007202464B2 (en) System and method for controlling tissue heating rate prior to cellular vaporization
US8333759B2 (en) Energy delivery algorithm for medical devices
US8486061B2 (en) Imaginary impedance process monitoring and intelligent shut-off
EP2206473B1 (en) An energy delivery algorithm for medical devices based on maintaining a fixed position on a tissue electrical conductivity v. temperature curve
AU2012201624B2 (en) Energy-based ablation completion algorithm
US9375254B2 (en) Seal and separate algorithm
JP5618470B2 (en) Real-time arc control in electrosurgical generators
US20110071516A1 (en) System and Method for Controlling Electrosurgical Output

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 09763515

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2011513657

Country of ref document: JP

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2009763515

Country of ref document: EP