WO2010104486A1 - Microwave ortho-mode transducer and duplex transceiver based thereon - Google Patents
Microwave ortho-mode transducer and duplex transceiver based thereon Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010104486A1 WO2010104486A1 PCT/UA2009/000068 UA2009000068W WO2010104486A1 WO 2010104486 A1 WO2010104486 A1 WO 2010104486A1 UA 2009000068 W UA2009000068 W UA 2009000068W WO 2010104486 A1 WO2010104486 A1 WO 2010104486A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
- H01P1/161—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion sustaining two independent orthogonal modes, e.g. orthomode transducer
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- the invention relates to structure and wiring assemblies of microwave ortho-mode transducers and duplex transceivers based on these transducers. They are meant preferably for mobile communication and mobile Internet access in service areas of low-power terrestrial microwave interactive adaptive transponders which operate using SHF and EHF bands of radio frequencies.
- Each double-sector includes connected in series parts such as: a microwave transmitter, an output waveguide and a transmitting horn-parabolic antenna providing fixed polarization of radio signal in the transmitting circuit, and a receiving horn-parabolic antenna providing fixed polarization of radio signal, an input waveguide and a microwave receiver in the receiving circuit.
- Each said horn-parabolic antenna has at least coated inside by a layer of electro- conductive material parts such as: a rectangular feeding or receiving waveguide equipped with a suitable means for its fastening to the respective microwave transmitter's or receiver's waveguide, a horn which is rigidly assembled with said rectangular waveguide and has two divergent walls assembled rigidly with two opposite walls of said rectangular waveguide, and two flat side walls being continuations of two other above-mentioned waveguide's walls and bounded on one side by identical parabolic arcs; a parabolic reflector assembled rigidly with said flat side walls of the horn; and at least two-stage trumpet being continuation of the horn and having an aperture that exceeds the horn aperture in area extent.
- a layer of electro- conductive material parts such as: a rectangular feeding or receiving waveguide equipped with a suitable means for its fastening to the respective microwave transmitter's or receiver's waveguide, a horn which is rigidly assembled with said rectangular waveguide and has two divergent walls assembled rigidly with two opposite
- the parabolic reflectors of the transmitting and receiving horn-parabolic antennas have common vertical symmetry plane, and said antennas are adjusted on mutually orthogonal polarizations of radio signals.
- Such antennas allow to form practically identical fan radiation patterns on two orthogonal (for example, vertical and horizontal linear) polarizations in order to decrease substantially levels of cross-polarization radiation and back radiation in the cases when width of radiation patterns in azimuthal and elevation planes are differed violently (in particular, tenfold or more times).
- aforesaid transponder has: at least one router equipped with a means for connecting to the Ethernet-interface; at least one former of direct and return channels, which is connected to the informational outputs of said router and to the informational outputs of which are connected said microwave transmitters and receivers those operate together with respective transmitting and receiving horn-parabolic antennas in each said azimuthal sector; at least one power supply unit and separate circuits of feed and power control of said microwave transmitters and separate feed circuits of said microwave receivers; a monitor of surface air and propagation of radio signals in each of azimuthal sectors of said transmitting and receiving circuits, and an adaptive power control unit of each of the microwave transmitters, which is connected as a whole to the informational outputs of said monitor and to the control outputs of which the separate circuits of feed and power control of said transmitters are connected.
- the described above azimuthal-sectionalized microwave transponder is capable to operate, when said former of the direct and return channels is adjusted on the reiteration of working frequencies in the direct channels through one pair of said azimuthal sector, and when the transmitting and receiving horn-parabolic antennas are adjusted to the same type mutually orthogonal polarizations of radio signals through each two pairs of said azimuthal sectors.
- the structure of the known transponder provides: firstly, such isolation of transmitting and receiving paths in all working frequency range that excludes practically overloads of highly sensitive microwave receivers by substantially more powerful signals of microwave transmitters, and secondly, such isolation of transmitting and receiving paths in working frequency bands of microwave receivers that excludes practically action of side emission of microwave transmitters on sensitivity of microwave receivers to the weak useful signals.
- each such transceiver must provide: such isolation of transmitting and receiving paths in all working frequency range of the transceiver that excludes practically overloads of its highly sensitive microwave receiver by substantially more powerful signals of the on-site microwave transmitter, and such isolation of transmitting and receiving paths in working frequency band of the microwave receiver that excludes practically action of side emission of the on-site microwave transmitter on sensitivity of the microwave receiver to the weak useful signals.
- InterSil Co manufactures, according to the standard IEEE 802.11 , a compact and steady chip set PriSMTM that is suitable as a base of radio interfaces (i.e. transceivers) meant for use in aggregate with local wireless telecommunication networks, which have operating frequency about 2.4 GHz (see Applied Microwave & Wireless, June , 2000, p.100, Fig.1).
- the p-i-n diodes SMP1322-017B which are built-in into said chip set, commutate a circuit changer «receiving/transmission» and, thus, separate the receiver's and transmitter's action periods.
- More effective isolation of transceiver's transmitting and receiving paths may be provided by well-known differentiation of their operating frequencies.
- each radio engineer knows that use of two band-pass filters, which have adjacent pass-bands (and are combined usually as diplexer), is quite enough for isolation of any transmitting and receiving paths if transmitted and received radio signals are different more than 40 dB.
- diplexer any transmitting and receiving paths if transmitted and received radio signals are different more than 40 dB.
- the transceivers operate in aggregate with classical relay lines.
- Frequency demultiplexing is not necessary if transceivers are meant for operation in aggregate with any microwave transponder, in which the transmitting and receiving paths are isolated through different polarization of transmitted and received radio signals.
- electromagnetic waves having different high-accuracy orthogonal polarization are capable to excite simultaneously and independently two paths of transmission and/or receiving because their full isolation is theoretically possible even if transmitted and received radio signals have the same frequency.
- microwave transceivers it is desirable to manufacture microwave transceivers on a base of devices which are capable to sufficient division of differently polarized transmitted and received radio signals.
- Such devices have common input and output waveguide and connected to them (and, as a rule, arranged within common housing) units meant for processing and/or generation of differently polarized radio signals.
- US 6,727,776 discloses an ortho-mode transcducer having an integrated circuit composed of two dielectric substrates, and transceiver based thereon.
- This transcducer has: a butted to the both substrates a circular waveguide, electroconductive wall of which has a printed short-circuiter and geometrical axis of which is perpendicular to the said substrates, first probe, which is mounted on first native printed circuit board and sensitive to the horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves and geometric axis of which is located at a distance about ⁇ g /4 from surface of said short-circuiter (where ⁇ g is a length of horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave), and second probe which is mounted on second native printed circuit board, sensitive to the vertically polarized electromagnetic waves, placed within of said waveguide below the short- circuiter and isolated from it electrically.
- the first probe together with the short-circuiter and the second probe are capable receive and/or excite orthogonally polarized electromagnetic waves incoming into the circular waveguide's open end or coming out from it independently and simultaneously.
- This fin-line (see Fig.1 in said article) has a main input/output waveguide in the form of a square chamber, that is uniformly tapered as the distance from aperture extent, and two additional rectangular waveguides, to which may be connected units for processing and/or emitting of differently polarized radio signals E1 and E2.
- the first additional waveguide is metal in line of geometrical axis of said main waveguide. It is clear that to this metal may be connected a suitable external probe.
- the second additional waveguide is shaped as divergent side slot that is branched off from said main waveguide angularly and can serve as a probe per se.
- electromagnetic waves which have orthogonal polarization of electromagnetic field in respect of the fin-line's plane, do not excite main input/output waveguide and pass freely from its aperture into unit for processing of radio signals E2 (or from an emitter of such radio signals in the direction of the aperture and further to the not shown antenna). It is clear also, that electromagnetic waves, which have orthogonal polarization of electromagnetic field in the fin-line's plane, fall into said side slot to the not shown especially unit for processing of radio signals E1 (or their exit from such slot into main waveguide to the not shown antenna).
- Placement of the probes outside the waveguide simplifies production of receivers, facilitates isolation of channels meant for receiving radio signals E1 and E2, and increase partially reliability of the two-channel receiver in whole.
- said fin-line no allows combining any receiver and any transmitter of orthogonally polarized electromagnetic waves on an integrated substrate. This complicates mounting and use of the described ortho-mode transcducer and any transceiver based thereon.
- This transcducer is based on an integrated substrate and has: a butted on said substrate square single-section input/output waveguide, in which opposite to aperture butt end is equipped with a short-circuiter, and geometrical axis of which is perpendicular to the said substrate, a one sensitive to the vertically polarized electromagnetic waves planar probe, which is coated onto said substrate, placed within of said waveguide and may be connected to a detector or to an emitter of said electromagnetic waves, two sensitive to the horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves opposite planar probes, which are symmetrically coated onto said substrate perpendicularly to the geometrical axis of aforesaid sensitive to the vertically polarized electromagnetic waves planar probe, and a hybrid connection of said two planar probes that is equipped with an output microstrip line for connection to a detector or to a generator of horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves.
- Placement of the all planar probes in one geometrical plane allows easy transforming of the described transducer into a microwave transceiver by addition of a suitable antenna, a standard exciter and also standard circuits for receiving and transmitting of orthogonally polarized radio signals.
- the invention is based on the problem to create (by improvement of waveguide structure and mutual bracing of a waveguide and probes in respect of a dielectric substrate): first, such microwave ortho-mode transcducer that is capable to exclude practically blockage of any antenna and, thus, to decrease energy losses during receiving and/or transmission of orthogonally polarized radio signals, and, second, such based on said transcducer high-performance duplex transceiver that is meant for operation in aggregate with low-power microwave interactive transponders.
- a microwave ortho-mode transcducer has: at least metallized inside body and at least metallized inside removable screening cover, which have recesses, located within the recesses of said body and said cover a three-chambered metal waveguide comprising first square waveguide chamber having an input/output aperture, a rectangular broadband quarter-wave transformer and second rectangular waveguide chamber having a rear end wall, an integrated dielectric substrate that is fixed upon the flat part of said body and serves as base for placement of printed electric conductors and electronic components of a receiver and/or a transmitter of orthogonally polarized electromagnetic waves, first planar probe in the form of first metallized ledge of said dielectric substrate that is inserted through the side wall into said first chamber near the aperture of the three- chambered metal waveguide, and second planar probe in the form of second metallized ledge of said dielectric substrate that is inserted through the rear end wall into said second chamber of three-chambered metal waveguide.
- the three-chambered metal waveguide having two said square and rectangular waveguide chambers, which are connected by said quarter-wave transformer, may be easy placed within the body having said integrated dielectric substrate and can sufficiently divide orthogonally polarized microwave radio signals.
- the same substrate carriers practically in one plane the printed electric conductors and means for processing of such radio signals.
- the dielectric substrate in whole and the planar probes, which are combined with the space saver ledges of this substrate and free placed within said waveguide chambers practically exclude blockage of aperture and receiving, or transmitting, or combined antenna. This minimizes energy losses within paths of reception and/or transmission of orthogonally polarized radio signals.
- the said ortho-mode transcducer has additionally a band-stop filter connected to the output of said first planar probe and meant for connection to the receiver's detector, and connected in series to the input of said second planar probe an end power amplifier meant for connection to the transmitter's emitter and a band-pass output filter.
- a duplex transceiver based on above disclosed microwave ortho-mode transcducer has: at least metallized inside body and at least metallized inside removable screening cover, which have recesses; located within said recesses the three-chambered metal waveguide comprising first square waveguide chamber having the input/output aperture, the rectangular broadband quarter-wave transformer and second rectangular waveguide chamber having the rear end wall; the integrated dielectric substrate that is fixed upon the flat part of said body and serves as base for placement of printed electric conductors and electronic components of a receiver and a transmitter of orthogonally polarized electromagnetic waves; a receiving path of horizontally polarized microwave radio signals having connected in series first planar reciving probe in the form of first metallized ledge of said dielectric substrate, that is inserted through the side wall into said first chamber near the three- chambered metal waveguide's aperture, and located on said dielectric substrate a band-stop filter, that is connected to the output of said reciving probe and has an output meant for connection
- the dielectric substrate in whole and the planar probes which are combined with the space saver ledges of this substrate and free placed within said waveguide chambers, practically exclude blockage of the input/output aperture and the transmitting-receiving antenna. This minimizes energy losses within paths of reception and transmission of orthogonally polarized radio signals and ensures stable full-duplex operation of any transceiver.
- the second planar exciting probe 8 is connected to the transmitter's band-pass output filter through a microstrip line, the ground electrode of which is partially inserted into second chamber of said three-chambered metal waveguide, and upper wall of this chamber has metal ledge, located before said exiting probe above the ledge of the dielectric substrate. This minimizes reflection of microwave radio signals from stepped junctions between said exciting probe and the second chamber of said waveguide and between this chamber and the quarter-wave transformer.
- Next additional feature consists in that a transformer of circular polarization into orthogonal linear polarization and inversely is placed between said exciter of the transmitting- receiving antenna and said three-chambered metal waveguide's aperture. This allows use of the proposed duplex transceiver in aggregate with microwave transponders which operate using circular polarization of radio signals.
- Fig.1 shows generic wiring diagram of the microwave ortho-mode transcducer having some components of the transceiver's receiving and transmitting paths
- Fig.2 shows structure of the exciting probe 8 designated on Fig.1
- Fig.3 shows generic wiring diagram of the duplex transceiver based on the proposed microwave ortho-mode transcducer
- Fig.4 shows typical plot of relationship between standing wave ratio (further SWR) of the exciting unit showed on Fig.3 and electromagnetic waves frequency.
- the Best Embodiments of the Invention Microwave ortho-mode transcducer has (see Fig.1): stamped or casted and, as a rule, metal (or at least metallized inside) a body 1 and a removable cover 2 (that, for convenience, is drawn half-elevated), at that these body 1 and cover 2 have no denoted especially recesses; located within the recesses of said body 1 and said cover 2 a three-chambered metal waveguide comprising first square waveguide chamber 3 having an input/output aperture, a rectangular broadband quarter-wave transformer 4 and second rectangular waveguide chamber 5 having a no denoted especially rear end wall; an integrated dielectric substrate 6 that is fixed upon the flat part of said body 1 and serves as base for placement of no denoted especially printed electric conductors and described and denoted below electronic components of a receiver and/or a transmitter of orthogonally polarized electromagnetic waves (e.g., microwave radio signals); first planar probe 7 in the form of first metallized ledge of said dielectric substrate 6 that is
- said three-chambered metal waveguide 3, 4, 5 can be shaped as KaK stepped hollows during fabrication of said body and cover by press forming or die casting. If said body 1 and said removable cover 2 are made from a laminar composite, said three-chambered metal waveguide 3, 4, 5 can be formed either by sputtering of a suitable metal onto walls of respective preformed hollows, or as a one-piece inserted detail.
- Any ortho-mode transcducer which serves as base of a microwave transceiver, must be equipped additionally with: a placed in receiving path preferably two-element band-stop filter 9 which is connected to the output of said first planar probe 7 and has an output meant for connection of a not shown especially internal receiver's detector, and placed in transmitting path an end power amplifier 10 and a preferably three-element band-pass output filter 11 , which are series-connected between the output of a not shown especially transmitter's generator and the input of said second planar probe 8.
- the end power amplifier 10 is based, as a rule, on a microwave field-effect (e.g., gallium-arsenide) transistor (in particular, the transistor EPA-040 of mean power level produced by EXEUCS, U.S A).
- a microwave field-effect transistor e.g., gallium-arsenide
- the transistor EPA-040 of mean power level produced by EXEUCS, U.S A the transistor EPA-040 of mean power level produced by EXEUCS, U.S A.
- first planar probe 7 serves as a primary detector of horizontally polarized microwave radio signals, and, therefore, it is named below «reciving planar probe 7", and second planar probe 8 serves as an exciter of vertically polarized microwave radio signals within said three-chambered metal waveguide, and, therefore, it is named below «exciting planar probe 8».
- the proposed ortho-mode transducer can be used, optionally, as a base of two-channel receivers or transmitters of orthogonally polarized microwave radio signals and then - any such two-channel receiver must have two reciving probes and two receiving paths, each of which is equipped with a native band-stop filter, and any such two-channel transmitter must have two exciting probes and two transmitting paths, each of which is equipped with a native end power amplifier of transmitting signals and with a native pass-band output filter.
- these possible devices are not shown further.
- the exciting planar probe 8 which is meant for transceivers preferably, is shown in detail on Fig.2 together with cross-section of a part of the second rectangular chamber 5 of the three-chambered metal waveguide by vertical symmetry plane.
- a microstrip line 12 is used for power supply of this probe 8.
- the not designated especially ground electrode of said microstrip line 12 is inserted partially into said chamber 5 at depths A 1 .
- the upper wall of said chamber 5 has a metal ledge 13 located before said probe 8 at distance A 2 away from the chamber's 5 rear end wall. This ledge 13 extends into the chamber 5 at depths ⁇ 3 , its lower end is located above the probe 8 at distance A 4 , and its thickness is equal A 5 .
- the linear dimensions A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 and A 5 are selected such that reflections of microwave radio signals from stepped junctions between the exciting planar probe 8 together with the microstrip line 12 and the waveguide's chamber 5 and between this chamber 5 and the quarter-wave transformer 4 would be minimized.
- Our numerous experiments allow to define such preferable values of said dimensions: ⁇ i about 0,035 ⁇ , A 2 about 0,1 ⁇ , A 3 about 0,15 ⁇ , A 4 about 0,45 ⁇ and A 5 about 0,1 ⁇ , where ⁇ is mean length of electromagnetic waves in working frequency band.
- Specific sizes of the A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 and A 5 may be calculated on basis of known radiophysics laws.
- available application packages CST MICROWAVE STUDIO ® WWW.CST.COM
- Periphery of the duplex transceiver based on said ortho-mode transcducer is shown on
- This periphery comprises of required components such as: a parabolic transmitting-receiving antenna 14 that is rigidly connected to the body 1 of said transducer by at least two tension bracings 15; an exciter 16 of said antenna 14 that is connected, using any not shown especially suitable clamps, to the butt end of the body 1 of said transducer towards the input/output aperture of the three-chambered metal waveguide; first coaxial cable 17 meant for connection of the above described receiving path of horizontally polarized microwave radio signals to a not shown especially detector of usual receiver; second coaxial cable 18 meant for connection of above mentioned (and also not shown especially) standard generator of the transmitter to the above described transmission path of vertically polarized microwave radio signals, and a suitable transformer 19 of circular polarization of microwave radio signals into their orthogonal linear polarization and inversely. If the transceiver is meant for operation in aggregate with transponder providing circular polarization of microwave radio signals, said transformer 19 must be placed between said exciter 16 and the aperture of said three
- a preproduction model of the proposed microwave transceiver was made in order to test practicability of the invention.
- the body 1 was milled-out from duralumin, the cover 2 was stamped from magnalium, and dielectric substrate 6 was made from two-sided metallized polymeric composite RO 4003C (firm ROGERS, USA).
- Said transceiver was tested in order to determine relationship between standing-wave ratio (SWR) and microwave electromagnetic radiation frequency in the working band of 10 to 14 GHz.
- SWR-values which were measured on the aperture's side of said three-chambered metal waveguide, are shown on the plot (see Fig.4). This plot demonstrates that SWR-value no more than 1.5 is inherent in more than 15% of working frequency band. It is much more than that necessary for data transmission in return channels of telecommunication systems of broadband wireless access.
- the experimentally measured decoupling between the reciving 7 and exciting 8 planar probes was more than 30 dB.
- microwave ortho-mode transcducer and the duplex transceiver based thereon use in two-way-simultaneous operation as follows.
- the exciter 16 (see Fig.3) transmits weak horizontally polarized microwave radio signal received by the parabolic transmitting-receiving antenna 14 through aperture (see Fig.1) into the square chamber 3 of said three-chambered metal waveguide.
- This radio signal passes through two- element band-stop filter 9 and first coaxial cable 17 (see anew Fig.3) into not shown especially an conventional receiver comprising a low-noise microwave transistor-amplifier and other cascades of amplification, filtration and transformation of received radio signal.
- Microwave radio signal generated by a not shown especially standard transmitter of the transceiver passes through second coaxial cable 18 (see Fig.3) on the input of the end power amplifier 10 (see Fig.1). Further amplified radio signal passes through the three-element band-pass output filter 11 and the microstrip line 12 on the second exciting planar probe 8. Then this radio signal passes in the line of aperture through the rectangular chamber 5 of the three-chambered metal waveguide, the quarter-wave transformer 4 and the square chamber 3 of three-chambered metal waveguide. Said transformer 4 excludes reflection of vertically polarized electromagnetic waves at junction of the rectangular chamber 5 and the square chamber 3. Therefore said amplified transmitted radio signal passes loose through this chamber 3 without excitation of the first planar probe 7.
- power output radio signal (see anew Fig.3) actuates the exciter 16 of the parabolic transmitting-receiving antenna 14 that radiates said signal to a terrestrial microwave transponder.
- the metal ledge 13 (see Fig.2) minimizes internal reflections of microwave radio signals from the stepped junctions between second exciting planar probe 8 together with the microstrip line 12 and the rectangular waveguide chamber 5 and between this chamber 5 and the quarter-wave transformer 4.
- microwave ortho-mode transducers and based thereon the duplex transceivers can be large-scale products of present radio industry.
- the proposed transceivers may be effectively used preferably for mobile communication and mobile Internet access in service areas of low-power terrestrial microwave interactive adaptive transponders.
Abstract
Microwave ortho-mode transcducer has: a body and a removable screening cover, which are metallized at least inside; a metal waveguide comprising a square first waveguide chamber having input/output aperture, a rectangular broadband quarter-wave transformer, and second rectangular waveguide chamber having a rear end wall; an integrated dielectric substrate fixed upon said body's flat part and meant for placement of printed electric conductors and electronic components of a receiver and/or a transmitter of orthogonally polarized electromagnetic waves; and planar probes in the form of ledges of said substrate those are inserted into said first and said second waveguide chambers. Duplex transceiver has a parabolic transmitting-receiving antenna and an exciter, which are connected to the transducer's body opposite the metal waveguide's aperture.
Description
MICROWAVE ORTHO-MODE TRANSDUCER AND DUPLEX TRANSCEIVER BASED THEREON
Field of the Invention
The invention relates to structure and wiring assemblies of microwave ortho-mode transducers and duplex transceivers based on these transducers. They are meant preferably for mobile communication and mobile Internet access in service areas of low-power terrestrial microwave interactive adaptive transponders which operate using SHF and EHF bands of radio frequencies.
Background Art Provisioning of multimedia communication is, at present, one of the top-ranked world's market sector. Use of SHF and EHF bands of radio frequencies enables to gain substantially throughput of radio-telephone channels and radio- and TV broadcasting and to transmit most of data in digital format which is less sensitive to electromagnetic interferences.
Unfortunately, fading of microwave electromagnetic radiation is the more, the greater humidity and/or dustiness of ground air. Therefore, development of terrestrial microwave interactive transponders, which capable to adapt to fluctuations of above-mentioned atmospheric parameters and to provide stable intercommunication with subscribers even under extreme conditions, was main object of constructive endeavours of radio engineers until recently. One of a latest advance in this field is creation of a low-power terrestrial microwave interactive adaptive transponder and horn-parabolic antenna, which are meant for directional fan-shaped transmission and receiving of polarized microwave radio signals (see WO 2008/123840 A2 from 16.10.2008).
A transmitting circuit of direct channels of broadcasting and/or interactive data exchange with subscribers and a receiving circuit of return channels of interactive data exchange with subscribers are a base of said transponder. These circuits are spaced vertically and divided into 4N (where N = 1,2,3... etc.) identical azimuthal sectors, which are coincided in a plan view. Each double-sector includes connected in series parts such as: a microwave transmitter, an output waveguide and a transmitting horn-parabolic antenna providing fixed polarization of radio signal in the transmitting circuit, and a receiving horn-parabolic antenna providing fixed polarization of radio signal, an input waveguide and a microwave receiver in the receiving circuit.
Each said horn-parabolic antenna has at least coated inside by a layer of electro- conductive material parts such as: a rectangular feeding or receiving waveguide equipped with a suitable means for its fastening to the respective microwave transmitter's or receiver's waveguide, a horn which is rigidly assembled with said rectangular waveguide and has two divergent walls assembled rigidly with two opposite walls of said rectangular waveguide, and two flat side walls being continuations of two other above-mentioned waveguide's walls and bounded on one side by identical parabolic arcs;
a parabolic reflector assembled rigidly with said flat side walls of the horn; and at least two-stage trumpet being continuation of the horn and having an aperture that exceeds the horn aperture in area extent.
In each pair of said azimuthal sectors of both said transponder's circuits the parabolic reflectors of the transmitting and receiving horn-parabolic antennas have common vertical symmetry plane, and said antennas are adjusted on mutually orthogonal polarizations of radio signals.
Such antennas allow to form practically identical fan radiation patterns on two orthogonal (for example, vertical and horizontal linear) polarizations in order to decrease substantially levels of cross-polarization radiation and back radiation in the cases when width of radiation patterns in azimuthal and elevation planes are differed violently (in particular, tenfold or more times).
Further, aforesaid transponder has: at least one router equipped with a means for connecting to the Ethernet-interface; at least one former of direct and return channels, which is connected to the informational outputs of said router and to the informational outputs of which are connected said microwave transmitters and receivers those operate together with respective transmitting and receiving horn-parabolic antennas in each said azimuthal sector; at least one power supply unit and separate circuits of feed and power control of said microwave transmitters and separate feed circuits of said microwave receivers; a monitor of surface air and propagation of radio signals in each of azimuthal sectors of said transmitting and receiving circuits, and an adaptive power control unit of each of the microwave transmitters, which is connected as a whole to the informational outputs of said monitor and to the control outputs of which the separate circuits of feed and power control of said transmitters are connected.
The described above azimuthal-sectionalized microwave transponder is capable to operate, when said former of the direct and return channels is adjusted on the reiteration of working frequencies in the direct channels through one pair of said azimuthal sector, and when the transmitting and receiving horn-parabolic antennas are adjusted to the same type mutually orthogonal polarizations of radio signals through each two pairs of said azimuthal sectors. In other words, the structure of the known transponder provides: firstly, such isolation of transmitting and receiving paths in all working frequency range that excludes practically overloads of highly sensitive microwave receivers by substantially more powerful signals of microwave transmitters, and secondly, such isolation of transmitting and receiving paths in working frequency bands of microwave receivers that excludes practically action of side emission of microwave transmitters on sensitivity of microwave receivers to the weak useful signals.
Hence, it is possible to provide many subscribers with multimedia communication (especially, through Internet) and mobile communication in full-duplex mode.
However, this characteristic of the described transponder may be practically realized if all subscribers would be equipped with the most simple in design, affordable, reliable and easy-to-use microwave transceivers which must be capable to full-duplex operation too. It stands to reason, that each such transceiver must provide: such isolation of transmitting and receiving paths in all working frequency range of the transceiver that excludes practically overloads of its highly sensitive microwave receiver by substantially more powerful signals of the on-site microwave transmitter, and such isolation of transmitting and receiving paths in working frequency band of the microwave receiver that excludes practically action of side emission of the on-site microwave transmitter on sensitivity of the microwave receiver to the weak useful signals.
Unfortunately, majority of known microwave transceivers can provide such double- isolation either partially, or too little reliably.
So, InterSil Co (U.S.A.) manufactures, according to the standard IEEE 802.11 , a compact and steady chip set PriSM™ that is suitable as a base of radio interfaces (i.e. transceivers) meant for use in aggregate with local wireless telecommunication networks, which have operating frequency about 2.4 GHz (see Applied Microwave & Wireless, June , 2000, p.100, Fig.1). The p-i-n diodes SMP1322-017B, which are built-in into said chip set, commutate a circuit changer «receiving/transmission» and, thus, separate the receiver's and transmitter's action periods. Some additional isolation of the transmitting and receiving paths could be provided with a selector of antennas. However, full duplex mode is not possible in this case too.
More effective isolation of transceiver's transmitting and receiving paths may be provided by well-known differentiation of their operating frequencies.
In fact, each radio engineer knows that use of two band-pass filters, which have adjacent pass-bands (and are combined usually as diplexer), is quite enough for isolation of any transmitting and receiving paths if transmitted and received radio signals are different more than 40 dB. However, such differentiation is possible if the transceivers operate in aggregate with classical relay lines.
Frequency demultiplexing is not necessary if transceivers are meant for operation in aggregate with any microwave transponder, in which the transmitting and receiving paths are isolated through different polarization of transmitted and received radio signals.
In fact, electromagnetic waves having different high-accuracy orthogonal polarization are capable to excite simultaneously and independently two paths of transmission and/or receiving because their full isolation is theoretically possible even if transmitted and received radio signals have the same frequency. Hence, it is desirable to manufacture microwave transceivers on a base of devices which are capable to sufficient division of differently polarized transmitted and received radio signals.
Such devices (called «ortho-mode transducers*) have common input and output waveguide and connected to them (and, as a rule, arranged within common housing) units
meant for processing and/or generation of differently polarized radio signals.
US 6,727,776 discloses an ortho-mode transcducer having an integrated circuit composed of two dielectric substrates, and transceiver based thereon. This transcducer has: a butted to the both substrates a circular waveguide, electroconductive wall of which has a printed short-circuiter and geometrical axis of which is perpendicular to the said substrates, first probe, which is mounted on first native printed circuit board and sensitive to the horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves and geometric axis of which is located at a distance about λg/4 from surface of said short-circuiter (where λg is a length of horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave), and second probe which is mounted on second native printed circuit board, sensitive to the vertically polarized electromagnetic waves, placed within of said waveguide below the short- circuiter and isolated from it electrically.
The first probe together with the short-circuiter and the second probe are capable receive and/or excite orthogonally polarized electromagnetic waves incoming into the circular waveguide's open end or coming out from it independently and simultaneously.
However, use of such ortho-mode transcducer as a base of a microwave transceiver is unreasonable: firstly, because assemblage of the two separate orthogonally mounted printed circuit boards, which must serve respectively as bases of a transmitter and a receiver, with the circular waveguide is too intricate, and secondly, because an antenna, which must be mounted opposite to the circular waveguide, would be partially blocked by above-mentioned printed circuit boards.
More perfect ortho-mode transcducer based on metallized dielectric plate having a fin- line was proposed by G. Chattopadhyay and J. Carlstrom (Fin-line Ortho-mode Transcducer for Millimeter Waves//IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave letters, vol.9, No.9, September 1999, p.339-341 , Figs 1-4).
This fin-line (see Fig.1 in said article) has a main input/output waveguide in the form of a square chamber, that is uniformly tapered as the distance from aperture extent, and two additional rectangular waveguides, to which may be connected units for processing and/or emitting of differently polarized radio signals E1 and E2. The first additional waveguide is metal in line of geometrical axis of said main waveguide. It is clear that to this metal may be connected a suitable external probe. The second additional waveguide is shaped as divergent side slot that is branched off from said main waveguide angularly and can serve as a probe per se.
Afterwards a two-channel receiver of orthogonally polarized submillimetric waves based on above-described ortho-mode transcducer was proposed by G. Chattopadhyay et al. (Pub. No. US 2008/0280583 A1 ; Nov. 13, 2008).
It is clear that electromagnetic waves, which have orthogonal polarization of
electromagnetic field in respect of the fin-line's plane, do not excite main input/output waveguide and pass freely from its aperture into unit for processing of radio signals E2 (or from an emitter of such radio signals in the direction of the aperture and further to the not shown antenna). It is clear also, that electromagnetic waves, which have orthogonal polarization of electromagnetic field in the fin-line's plane, fall into said side slot to the not shown especially unit for processing of radio signals E1 (or their exit from such slot into main waveguide to the not shown antenna).
Placement of the probes outside the waveguide simplifies production of receivers, facilitates isolation of channels meant for receiving radio signals E1 and E2, and increase partially reliability of the two-channel receiver in whole.
Unfortunately, direct connection of a detector (or an emitter) of orthogonally polarized electromagnetic waves and their mounting immediately on the fin-line's plate are possible in respect of said side slot E1 only, whereas any known transition from the 3-D metal waveguide of radio signals E2 to a planar waveguide structure requires to place basic plane of said structure perpendicularly to the fin-line's plate. This fact was stated long ago by S.J. Skinner and G. L. James in the paper "Wide-Band Orthomode Transducers" (see IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol.39, No.2, 1991, pp.294-300).
Hence, said fin-line no allows combining any receiver and any transmitter of orthogonally polarized electromagnetic waves on an integrated substrate. This complicates mounting and use of the described ortho-mode transcducer and any transceiver based thereon.
Still more perfect microwave ortho-mode transcducer, which is the nearest structurally to proposed below transducer, was described by R.W. Jackson (see A Planar Orthomode Transducer//IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters. Vol.11 , No.22, December 2001 , pp. 483-485, Figs 1-3). This transcducer is based on an integrated substrate and has: a butted on said substrate square single-section input/output waveguide, in which opposite to aperture butt end is equipped with a short-circuiter, and geometrical axis of which is perpendicular to the said substrate, a one sensitive to the vertically polarized electromagnetic waves planar probe, which is coated onto said substrate, placed within of said waveguide and may be connected to a detector or to an emitter of said electromagnetic waves, two sensitive to the horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves opposite planar probes, which are symmetrically coated onto said substrate perpendicularly to the geometrical axis of aforesaid sensitive to the vertically polarized electromagnetic waves planar probe, and a hybrid connection of said two planar probes that is equipped with an output microstrip line for connection to a detector or to a generator of horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves.
Placement of the all planar probes in one geometrical plane allows easy transforming
of the described transducer into a microwave transceiver by addition of a suitable antenna, a standard exciter and also standard circuits for receiving and transmitting of orthogonally polarized radio signals.
However arrangement of the dielectric substrate's plane of the ortho-mode transcducer perpendicularly to the single-section waveguide's geometrical axis causes inevitably blockage of any antenna during reception and/or transmission of orthogonally polarized radio signals and energy losses. Such losses are especially undesirable when transceivers must operate in aggregate with low-power microwave interactive transponders.
Summary of the Invention The invention is based on the problem to create (by improvement of waveguide structure and mutual bracing of a waveguide and probes in respect of a dielectric substrate): first, such microwave ortho-mode transcducer that is capable to exclude practically blockage of any antenna and, thus, to decrease energy losses during receiving and/or transmission of orthogonally polarized radio signals, and, second, such based on said transcducer high-performance duplex transceiver that is meant for operation in aggregate with low-power microwave interactive transponders.
Said problem is solved, at first, in that a microwave ortho-mode transcducer according to the invention has: at least metallized inside body and at least metallized inside removable screening cover, which have recesses, located within the recesses of said body and said cover a three-chambered metal waveguide comprising first square waveguide chamber having an input/output aperture, a rectangular broadband quarter-wave transformer and second rectangular waveguide chamber having a rear end wall, an integrated dielectric substrate that is fixed upon the flat part of said body and serves as base for placement of printed electric conductors and electronic components of a receiver and/or a transmitter of orthogonally polarized electromagnetic waves, first planar probe in the form of first metallized ledge of said dielectric substrate that is inserted through the side wall into said first chamber near the aperture of the three- chambered metal waveguide, and second planar probe in the form of second metallized ledge of said dielectric substrate that is inserted through the rear end wall into said second chamber of three-chambered metal waveguide.
The three-chambered metal waveguide having two said square and rectangular waveguide chambers, which are connected by said quarter-wave transformer, may be easy placed within the body having said integrated dielectric substrate and can sufficiently divide orthogonally polarized microwave radio signals. The same substrate carriers practically in one plane the printed electric conductors and means for processing of such radio signals. At that the dielectric substrate in whole and the planar probes, which are combined with the
space saver ledges of this substrate and free placed within said waveguide chambers, practically exclude blockage of aperture and receiving, or transmitting, or combined antenna. This minimizes energy losses within paths of reception and/or transmission of orthogonally polarized radio signals. Additional feature consists in that the said ortho-mode transcducer has additionally a band-stop filter connected to the output of said first planar probe and meant for connection to the receiver's detector, and connected in series to the input of said second planar probe an end power amplifier meant for connection to the transmitter's emitter and a band-pass output filter. This allows use of the proposed microwave ortho-mode transcducer as a base of such duplex transceiver, in which the paths of reception and transmission of orthogonally polarized radio signals are effectively isolated in spite of their practically in one plane arrangement.
Said problem is solved also in that a duplex transceiver based on above disclosed microwave ortho-mode transcducer according to the invention has: at least metallized inside body and at least metallized inside removable screening cover, which have recesses; located within said recesses the three-chambered metal waveguide comprising first square waveguide chamber having the input/output aperture, the rectangular broadband quarter-wave transformer and second rectangular waveguide chamber having the rear end wall; the integrated dielectric substrate that is fixed upon the flat part of said body and serves as base for placement of printed electric conductors and electronic components of a receiver and a transmitter of orthogonally polarized electromagnetic waves; a receiving path of horizontally polarized microwave radio signals having connected in series first planar reciving probe in the form of first metallized ledge of said dielectric substrate, that is inserted through the side wall into said first chamber near the three- chambered metal waveguide's aperture, and located on said dielectric substrate a band-stop filter, that is connected to the output of said reciving probe and has an output meant for connection, in working position, to an internal detector of a conventional receiver of said microwave radio signals; a transmission path of vertically polarized microwave radio signals having connected in series an end power amplifier, that is connected, in working position, to an emitter of a conventional transmitter of said microwave radio signals, a band-pass output filter, and second planar exciting probe in the form of second metallized ledge of said dielectric substrate, that is inserted through the rear end wall into said second chamber of three- chambered metal waveguide; a parabolic transmitting-receiving antenna that is rigidly fixed to the said body; an exciter of said antenna that is fastened to the end of said body on the side of the input/output aperture of the three-chambered metal waveguide.
As it was above mentioned, the dielectric substrate in whole and the planar probes,
which are combined with the space saver ledges of this substrate and free placed within said waveguide chambers, practically exclude blockage of the input/output aperture and the transmitting-receiving antenna. This minimizes energy losses within paths of reception and transmission of orthogonally polarized radio signals and ensures stable full-duplex operation of any transceiver.
Additional feature consists in that the second planar exciting probe 8 is connected to the transmitter's band-pass output filter through a microstrip line, the ground electrode of which is partially inserted into second chamber of said three-chambered metal waveguide, and upper wall of this chamber has metal ledge, located before said exiting probe above the ledge of the dielectric substrate. This minimizes reflection of microwave radio signals from stepped junctions between said exciting probe and the second chamber of said waveguide and between this chamber and the quarter-wave transformer.
Next additional feature consists in that a transformer of circular polarization into orthogonal linear polarization and inversely is placed between said exciter of the transmitting- receiving antenna and said three-chambered metal waveguide's aperture. This allows use of the proposed duplex transceiver in aggregate with microwave transponders which operate using circular polarization of radio signals.
It is clear for each person skilled in the art that said additional features can be differently combined with main conception of the invention and that described below embodiments of the invention do not limit scope of rights.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Further the subject matter of the invention is explained by detailed specification of structure and operation of the microwave ortho-mode transcducer and the based thereon duplex transceiver with references on enclosed drawings, where: Fig.1 shows generic wiring diagram of the microwave ortho-mode transcducer having some components of the transceiver's receiving and transmitting paths; Fig.2 shows structure of the exciting probe 8 designated on Fig.1 ; Fig.3 shows generic wiring diagram of the duplex transceiver based on the proposed microwave ortho-mode transcducer; Fig.4 shows typical plot of relationship between standing wave ratio (further SWR) of the exciting unit showed on Fig.3 and electromagnetic waves frequency.
The Best Embodiments of the Invention Microwave ortho-mode transcducer has (see Fig.1): stamped or casted and, as a rule, metal (or at least metallized inside) a body 1 and a removable cover 2 (that, for convenience, is drawn half-elevated), at that these body 1 and cover 2 have no denoted especially recesses; located within the recesses of said body 1 and said cover 2 a three-chambered metal waveguide comprising first square waveguide chamber 3 having an input/output aperture, a rectangular broadband quarter-wave transformer 4 and second rectangular waveguide
chamber 5 having a no denoted especially rear end wall; an integrated dielectric substrate 6 that is fixed upon the flat part of said body 1 and serves as base for placement of no denoted especially printed electric conductors and described and denoted below electronic components of a receiver and/or a transmitter of orthogonally polarized electromagnetic waves (e.g., microwave radio signals); first planar probe 7 in the form of first metallized ledge of said dielectric substrate 6 that is inserted through the side wall into said first chamber 3 near the aperture of the three- chambered metal waveguide, and second planar probe 8 in the form of second metallized ledge of said dielectric substrate 6 that is inserted through the above-mentioned rear end wall into said second chamber 5 of three-chambered metal waveguide.
If said body 1 and said removable cover 2 are wholly metallic, said three-chambered metal waveguide 3, 4, 5 can be shaped as KaK stepped hollows during fabrication of said body and cover by press forming or die casting. If said body 1 and said removable cover 2 are made from a laminar composite, said three-chambered metal waveguide 3, 4, 5 can be formed either by sputtering of a suitable metal onto walls of respective preformed hollows, or as a one-piece inserted detail.
Any ortho-mode transcducer, which serves as base of a microwave transceiver, must be equipped additionally with: a placed in receiving path preferably two-element band-stop filter 9 which is connected to the output of said first planar probe 7 and has an output meant for connection of a not shown especially internal receiver's detector, and placed in transmitting path an end power amplifier 10 and a preferably three-element band-pass output filter 11 , which are series-connected between the output of a not shown especially transmitter's generator and the input of said second planar probe 8.
The end power amplifier 10 is based, as a rule, on a microwave field-effect (e.g., gallium-arsenide) transistor (in particular, the transistor EPA-040 of mean power level produced by EXEUCS, U.S A).
It is clear that, during operation of any microwave transceiver based on the described transducer, - first planar probe 7 serves as a primary detector of horizontally polarized microwave radio signals, and, therefore, it is named below «reciving planar probe 7», and second planar probe 8 serves as an exciter of vertically polarized microwave radio signals within said three-chambered metal waveguide, and, therefore, it is named below «exciting planar probe 8».
It is clear too that the proposed ortho-mode transducer can be used, optionally, as a base of two-channel receivers or transmitters of orthogonally polarized microwave radio signals and then - any such two-channel receiver must have two reciving probes and two receiving paths,
each of which is equipped with a native band-stop filter, and any such two-channel transmitter must have two exciting probes and two transmitting paths, each of which is equipped with a native end power amplifier of transmitting signals and with a native pass-band output filter. However, these possible devices are not shown further.
The exciting planar probe 8, which is meant for transceivers preferably, is shown in detail on Fig.2 together with cross-section of a part of the second rectangular chamber 5 of the three-chambered metal waveguide by vertical symmetry plane. As it is shown on the Fig.2, a microstrip line 12 is used for power supply of this probe 8. The not designated especially ground electrode of said microstrip line 12 is inserted partially into said chamber 5 at depths A1. The upper wall of said chamber 5 has a metal ledge 13 located before said probe 8 at distance A2 away from the chamber's 5 rear end wall. This ledge 13 extends into the chamber 5 at depths Δ3, its lower end is located above the probe 8 at distance A4, and its thickness is equal A5. The linear dimensions A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 are selected such that reflections of microwave radio signals from stepped junctions between the exciting planar probe 8 together with the microstrip line 12 and the waveguide's chamber 5 and between this chamber 5 and the quarter-wave transformer 4 would be minimized. Our numerous experiments allow to define such preferable values of said dimensions: Δi about 0,035λ, A2 about 0,1λ, A3 about 0,15λ, A4 about 0,45λ and A5 about 0,1λ, where λ is mean length of electromagnetic waves in working frequency band.
Specific sizes of the A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 may be calculated on basis of known radiophysics laws. In particular, available application packages CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (WWW.CST.COM) may be used for this purpose. Periphery of the duplex transceiver based on said ortho-mode transcducer is shown on
Fig.3. This periphery comprises of required components such as: a parabolic transmitting-receiving antenna 14 that is rigidly connected to the body 1 of said transducer by at least two tension bracings 15; an exciter 16 of said antenna 14 that is connected, using any not shown especially suitable clamps, to the butt end of the body 1 of said transducer towards the input/output aperture of the three-chambered metal waveguide; first coaxial cable 17 meant for connection of the above described receiving path of horizontally polarized microwave radio signals to a not shown especially detector of usual receiver; second coaxial cable 18 meant for connection of above mentioned (and also not shown especially) standard generator of the transmitter to the above described transmission path of vertically polarized microwave radio signals, and a suitable transformer 19 of circular polarization of microwave radio signals into their orthogonal linear polarization and inversely.
If the transceiver is meant for operation in aggregate with transponder providing circular polarization of microwave radio signals, said transformer 19 must be placed between said exciter 16 and the aperture of said three-chambered metal waveguide.
The principles of designing of such transformers are well known (see, for example, "Principles and Applications of Waveguide Transmission" by George C. SOUTHWORTH, New-York, 1950).
A preproduction model of the proposed microwave transceiver was made in order to test practicability of the invention. The body 1 was milled-out from duralumin, the cover 2 was stamped from magnalium, and dielectric substrate 6 was made from two-sided metallized polymeric composite RO 4003C (firm ROGERS, USA). Complete transceiver had following characteristics: thickness of the dielectric substrate 6 0.508 mm; dielectric permittivity of said substrate 6 ε =3.38; sizes of the input/output aperture of the square waveguide chamber 3 19 mm x 19 mm, sizes of the cross-section of the quarter-wave transformer 4 19 mm x 13.4 mm, sizes of the cross-section of the rectangular waveguide chamber 5 19 mm x 9.5 mm,
Δi = 1 mm; A2 = 3 mm; A3 = 3.6 mm; A4 = 1.2 mm; A5 = 3 mm; wave impedance of the microstrip line 12 Z0 = 50 Ω.
Said transceiver was tested in order to determine relationship between standing-wave ratio (SWR) and microwave electromagnetic radiation frequency in the working band of 10 to 14 GHz. SWR-values, which were measured on the aperture's side of said three-chambered metal waveguide, are shown on the plot (see Fig.4). This plot demonstrates that SWR-value no more than 1.5 is inherent in more than 15% of working frequency band. It is much more than that necessary for data transmission in return channels of telecommunication systems of broadband wireless access. The experimentally measured decoupling between the reciving 7 and exciting 8 planar probes was more than 30 dB.
The microwave ortho-mode transcducer and the duplex transceiver based thereon use in two-way-simultaneous operation as follows.
The exciter 16 (see Fig.3) transmits weak horizontally polarized microwave radio signal received by the parabolic transmitting-receiving antenna 14 through aperture (see Fig.1) into the square chamber 3 of said three-chambered metal waveguide. Here it reflects practically in full from shoulder of the quarter-wave transformer 4 and excites the first reciving planar probe 7 effectively. Dissipative energy losses in the walls of said square chamber 3 are very low and have no effect on operation of the probe 7. Further this radio signal passes through two- element band-stop filter 9 and first coaxial cable 17 (see anew Fig.3) into not shown especially an conventional receiver comprising a low-noise microwave transistor-amplifier and other cascades of amplification, filtration and transformation of received radio signal.
Microwave radio signal generated by a not shown especially standard transmitter of the transceiver passes through second coaxial cable 18 (see Fig.3) on the input of the end power amplifier 10 (see Fig.1). Further amplified radio signal passes through the three-element
band-pass output filter 11 and the microstrip line 12 on the second exciting planar probe 8. Then this radio signal passes in the line of aperture through the rectangular chamber 5 of the three-chambered metal waveguide, the quarter-wave transformer 4 and the square chamber 3 of three-chambered metal waveguide. Said transformer 4 excludes reflection of vertically polarized electromagnetic waves at junction of the rectangular chamber 5 and the square chamber 3. Therefore said amplified transmitted radio signal passes loose through this chamber 3 without excitation of the first planar probe 7. And, finally, power output radio signal (see anew Fig.3) actuates the exciter 16 of the parabolic transmitting-receiving antenna 14 that radiates said signal to a terrestrial microwave transponder. The metal ledge 13 (see Fig.2) minimizes internal reflections of microwave radio signals from the stepped junctions between second exciting planar probe 8 together with the microstrip line 12 and the rectangular waveguide chamber 5 and between this chamber 5 and the quarter-wave transformer 4.
Industrial Applicability The microwave ortho-mode transducers and based thereon the duplex transceivers can be large-scale products of present radio industry.
The proposed transceivers may be effectively used preferably for mobile communication and mobile Internet access in service areas of low-power terrestrial microwave interactive adaptive transponders.
Claims
1. A microwave ortho-mode transcducer comprising: at least metallized inside body (1) and at least metallized inside removable screening cover (2), which have recesses, located within the recesses of said body (1) and said cover (2) a three-chambered metal waveguide comprising first square waveguide chamber (3) having an input/output aperture, a rectangular broadband quarter-wave transformer (4) and second rectangular waveguide chamber (5) having a rear end wall, an integrated dielectric substrate (6) that is fixed upon the flat part of said body (1) and serves as base for placement of printed electric conductors and electronic components of a receiver and/or a transmitter of orthogonally polarized electromagnetic waves, first planar probe (7) in the form of first metallized ledge of said dielectric substrate (6) that is inserted through the side wall into said first chamber (3) near the aperture of the three- chambered metal waveguide, and second planar probe (8) in the form of second metallized ledge of said dielectric substrate (6) that is inserted through the rear end wall into said second chamber (5) of the three-chambered metal waveguide.
2. The microwave ortho-mode transcducer according to claim 1 , which has additionally a band-stop filter (9) connected to the output of said first planar probe (7) and meant for connection to the receiver's detector, and connected in series to the input of said second planar probe (8) an end power amplifier (10) meant for connection to the transmitter's emitter and a band-pass output filter (11).
3. A duplex transceiver based on said microwave ortho-mode transcducer and comprising: at least metallized inside body (1) and the at least metallized inside removable screening cover (2), which have recesses; located within said recesses the three-chambered metal waveguide comprising first square waveguide chamber (3) having the input/output aperture, the rectangular broadband quarter-wave transformer (4) and second rectangular waveguide chamber (5) having the rear end wall; the integrated dielectric substrate (6) that is fixed upon the flat part of said body (1) and serves as base for placement of printed electric conductors and electronic components of a receiver and a transmitter of orthogonally polarized electromagnetic waves; a receiving path of horizontally polarized microwave radio signals having connected in series first planar reciving probe (7) in the form of first metallized ledge of said dielectric substrate (6), that is inserted through the side wall into said first chamber (3) near the aperture, and located on said dielectric substrate (6) the band-stop filter (9), that is connected to the output of said reciving probe (7) and has the output meant for connection, in working position, to an internal detector of a conventional receiver of said microwave radio signals; a transmission path of vertically polarized microwave radio signals having connected in series the end power amplifier (10), that is connected, in working position, to an emitter of a conventional transmitter of said microwave radio signals, the band-pass output filter (11), and second planar exciting probe (8) in the form of second metallized ledge of said dielectric substrate (6), that is inserted through the rear end wall into said second chamber (5) of the three-chambered metal waveguide; a parabolic transmitting-receiving antenna (14) that is rigidly fixed to the said body (1); an exciter (16) of said antenna (14) that is fastened to the end of said body (1) on the side of the input/output aperture of the three-chambered metal waveguide.
4. The duplex transceiver according to claim 3, wherein said second planar exciting probe (8) is connected to the transmitter's band-pass output filter (11) through a microstrip line (12), the ground electrode of which is partially inserted into second chamber (5) of said three-chambered metal waveguide, and upper wall of this chamber (5) has a metal ledge (13), located before said exiting probe (8) above the ledge of the dielectric substrate (6).
5. The duplex transceiver according to claim 3 or to claim 4, wherein a transformer (19) of circular polarization into orthogonal linear polarization and inversely is placed between said exciter (16) of said antenna (14) and said three-chambered metal waveguide's aperture.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| UAA200902168 | 2009-03-12 | ||
| UAA200902168A UA97810C2 (en) | 2009-03-12 | 2009-03-12 | Microwave polarized selector and duplex transceiver based thereon |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2010104486A1 true WO2010104486A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
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ID=42728587
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/UA2009/000068 WO2010104486A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 | 2009-12-15 | Microwave ortho-mode transducer and duplex transceiver based thereon |
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| WO (1) | WO2010104486A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111740233A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-10-02 | 星展测控科技股份有限公司 | Dual-polarized open waveguide array antenna and communication device |
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| US3731236A (en) * | 1972-08-17 | 1973-05-01 | Gte Sylvania Inc | Independently adjustable dual polarized diplexer |
| SU1501196A1 (en) * | 1987-06-15 | 1989-08-15 | Предприятие П/Я М-5546 | Device for controlling polarization of electromagnetic waves |
| US5374938A (en) * | 1992-01-21 | 1994-12-20 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Waveguide to microstrip conversion means in a satellite broadcasting adaptor |
| EP0812029A1 (en) * | 1996-06-07 | 1997-12-10 | HE HOLDINGS, INC. dba HUGHES ELECTRONICS | Plural frequency antenna feed |
| RU2107361C1 (en) * | 1991-06-18 | 1998-03-20 | Кембридж Индастриз Лимитед | Device and method of reception of two signals as minimum polarized in orthogonal plane |
| RU2234174C1 (en) * | 2003-02-03 | 2004-08-10 | ОАО "НИИ Приборостроения им. В.В. Тихомирова" | Waveguide radiator |
-
2009
- 2009-03-12 UA UAA200902168A patent/UA97810C2/en unknown
- 2009-12-15 WO PCT/UA2009/000068 patent/WO2010104486A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3731236A (en) * | 1972-08-17 | 1973-05-01 | Gte Sylvania Inc | Independently adjustable dual polarized diplexer |
| SU1501196A1 (en) * | 1987-06-15 | 1989-08-15 | Предприятие П/Я М-5546 | Device for controlling polarization of electromagnetic waves |
| RU2107361C1 (en) * | 1991-06-18 | 1998-03-20 | Кембридж Индастриз Лимитед | Device and method of reception of two signals as minimum polarized in orthogonal plane |
| US5374938A (en) * | 1992-01-21 | 1994-12-20 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Waveguide to microstrip conversion means in a satellite broadcasting adaptor |
| EP0812029A1 (en) * | 1996-06-07 | 1997-12-10 | HE HOLDINGS, INC. dba HUGHES ELECTRONICS | Plural frequency antenna feed |
| RU2234174C1 (en) * | 2003-02-03 | 2004-08-10 | ОАО "НИИ Приборостроения им. В.В. Тихомирова" | Waveguide radiator |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111740233A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-10-02 | 星展测控科技股份有限公司 | Dual-polarized open waveguide array antenna and communication device |
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| UA97810C2 (en) | 2012-03-26 |
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