WO2010118112A2 - Improved sorbent loaded webs for gravity filtration - Google Patents
Improved sorbent loaded webs for gravity filtration Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010118112A2 WO2010118112A2 PCT/US2010/030208 US2010030208W WO2010118112A2 WO 2010118112 A2 WO2010118112 A2 WO 2010118112A2 US 2010030208 W US2010030208 W US 2010030208W WO 2010118112 A2 WO2010118112 A2 WO 2010118112A2
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- Prior art keywords
- web
- filter media
- basis weight
- meltblown fibers
- range
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
- B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1692—Other shaped material, e.g. perforated or porous sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28028—Particles immobilised within fibres or filaments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
- B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
- B01D2239/0622—Melt-blown
Definitions
- composite blocks can be made from combinations of sorbent materials, such as adsorbent activated carbon, and polymeric binders, such as polyethylene, that have been sintered together under conditions of heat and pressure and are useful in water filter technology.
- sorbent materials such as adsorbent activated carbon
- polymeric binders such as polyethylene
- gravity may be the only force available to generate water flow through a filter.
- water flow rates through the block may be limited due to the relatively high pressure drop across the block.
- filter properties such as hydrophobicity may impair water flow rates.
- a filter media comprising a carrier and a web collected on the carrier.
- the web comprises hydrophilic polymeric meltblown fibers and a plurality of sorbent particles enmeshed in the hydrophilic polymeric meltblown fibers.
- the carrier comprises a porous sheet and has a carrier basis weight and the web has a web basis weight.
- the hydrophilic polymeric meltblown fibers comprise at least 3% of the web basis weight and the plurality of sorbent particles comprise at most 97% of the web basis weight.
- the hydrophilic polymeric meltblown fibers comprise at least 12% of the web basis weight and the plurality of sorbent particles comprise at most 88% of the web basis weight.
- the web basis weight is in a range from about 10 g/m 2 to about 2000 g/m 2 . In other embodiments, the web basis weight is in a range from about 400 g/m 2 to about 600 g/m 2 .
- the carrier basis weight is in a range from about 40 g/m 2 to about 120 g/m 2 . In one embodiment, the carrier basis weight is in a range from about 90 g/m 2 to about 110 g/m 2 .
- the hydrophilic polymeric meltblown fibers comprise polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).
- the hydrophilic polymeric meltblown fibers comprise thermoplastic polyester elastomer.
- the porous sheet is hydrophilic.
- the porous sheet comprises polyethylene terephthalate (PET) functionalized to include a hydrophilic chemistry.
- the porous sheet comprises polyamide.
- the porous sheet comprises a nonwoven comprising a polyester core and a polyamide sheath.
- the polymeric meltblown fibers have an average fiber diameter in a range from about 2 ⁇ m to about 50 ⁇ m. In some such embodiments, the polymeric meltblown fibers have an average fiber diameter in a range from about 6 ⁇ m to about 14 ⁇ m. In some such embodiments, the polymeric meltblown fibers have an average fiber diameter in a range from about 16 ⁇ m to about 30 ⁇ m.
- the sorbent particles are selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, ion exchange resin, metal ion exchange sorbent, activated alumina, antimicrobial compound, acid gas adsorbent, arsenic reduction material, iodinated resin, and combinations thereof.
- the sorbent particles have an average particle size of no more than 250 ⁇ m.
- the sorbent particles comprise activated carbon having an average particle size in a range from about 180 ⁇ m to about 220 ⁇ m.
- the sorbent particles comprise activated carbon having an average particle size in a range from about 130 ⁇ m to about
- the web has a sorbent particle density in a range from about 0.20 g/cm 3 to 0.50 g/ cm 3 . In one embodiment, the web comprises a sorbent particle density gradient.
- the web is consolidated by calendering, heat-induced compression, or applying pressure.
- the web has a Gurley time of no more than 2 seconds.
- the filter media has a pressure drop of no more than
- a filter cartridge comprising a filter media as described above, wherein at least a portion of the filter media is captured within a porous shell.
- FIG. 1 is side view of an exemplary filter media according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 is side view of exemplary filter media according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an exemplary filter cartridge according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3a is a cross-section view of a filter cartridge taken at 3a-3a of FIG. 3 DEFINITIONS
- Reference to "gravity-flow” or “gravity-flow filtration” includes the flow of a fluid through a filtration media wherein gravity is substantially the only motive force acting upon the fluid to force the fluid through the filtration media.
- Reference to "web” includes filtration media of an open-structured entangled mass of fibers, for example, microfibers, containing particles enmeshed among the fibers, the particles being sorbent for reducing or removing materials such as chemical contaminants, chlorine, and sediment from water.
- Reference to "enmeshed” means that particles are dispersed and physically held in the fibers of the web. Generally, there is point and line contact along the fibers and the particles so that nearly the full surface area of the particles is available for interaction with fluid.
- sorbent density gradient means that the amount of sorbent material per square area need not be uniform through out the web and that it can vary to provide more material in certain areas of the web and less in other areas.
- a sorbent density gradient in an axial configuration means that as along the central portion of the web the amount of sorbent per square area at one end of the web differs from the amount at the other end and in between two ends but does not vary in the radial direction away from the central portion.
- a sorbent density gradient in a radial configuration means that as moving away from the central portion of the web, the core area has a different amount of sorbent as compared to the outer surface of the web.
- Variation of density need not be linear, but can vary as needed. For example, density could vary by a single step change, multiple step changes, sinusoidally, and the like.
- the terms particle and particulate are being used substantially interchangeably. Generally, a particle is a small piece or individual part. A particulate pertains to or is formed of particles. The particles used in embodiments of the invention can remain separate or may clump, physically intermesh, electro-statically associate, or otherwise associate to form particulates. In certain instances, agglomerates may be intentionally formed such as those described in U.S. Patent No. 5,332,426 (Tang et al.).
- Reference to "calendering” includes a process of passing a product, such as a polymeric absorbent loaded web through rollers to obtain a compressed material. The rollers may optionally be heated.
- Gurley time may be measured on a densometer of the type sold under the trade designation "Model 4110" densometer by W. & L. E. Gurley of Troy, N.Y., which is calibrated and operated with a Gurley-Teledyne sensitivity meter (Cat. No. 4134/4135). Gurley time is inversely related to void volume of the particle-loaded web. Gurley time is also inversely related to average pore size of the particle-loaded web.
- MFI Melt Flow Index
- ASTM 1238 Polypropylene polymers were measured using the "method B” variant of the ASTM 1238 test method.
- meltblown process refers to making fine fibers by extruding a thermoplastic polymer through a die consisting of one or more holes. As the fibers emerge from the die they are attenuated by an air stream that is run more or less in parallel or at a tangent to the emerging fibers.
- void volume refers to a percentage calculated by measuring the weight and volume of a filter —then comparing the filter weight to the theoretical weight a solid mass of the same constituent material of that same volume.
- thermal degradation refers to the effect of heat on a material.
- certain sorbent particles formed into composite blocks or loaded webs may be susceptible to becoming physically unstable during processing such as sintering or calendaring.
- a polymer such as polypropylene
- treating of the polymer with heat, alone or in combination with mechanical actions, can cause a scission, cross- linking, and/or chemical changes of polymer chains.
- porosity is a measure of void spaces in a material. Size, frequency, number, and/or interconnectivity of pores and voids contribute the porosity of a material.
- densification refers to a process whereby fibers which have been deposited either directly or indirectly onto a filter winding arbor or mandrel are compressed, either before or after the deposition, and made to form an area, generally or locally, of lower porosity, whether by design or as an artifact of some process of handling the forming or formed filter. Densification also includes the process of calendering webs.
- a filter media 100 is shown comprising a web 110 collected on a carrier 160.
- web 110 comprises hydrophilic polymeric meltblown fibers 140 and a plurality of sorbent particles 120 enmeshed in the hydrophilic polymeric meltblown fibers 140.
- a web 110 is formed without a carrier.
- Such webs may be formed by adding a sorbent material in the form of particles, particulates, and/or agglomerates or blends of the same to an airstream that attenuates polymeric meltblown fibers and conveys these fibers to a collector.
- the particles become enmeshed in a meltblown fibrous matrix as the fibers contact the particles in the mixed airstream and are collected to form a web.
- a sorbent material in the form of particles, particulates, and/or agglomerates or blends of the same to an airstream that attenuates polymeric meltblown fibers and conveys these fibers to a collector.
- the particles become enmeshed in a meltblown fibrous matrix as the fibers contact the particles in the mixed airstream and are collected to form a web.
- Like processes for forming particle loaded webs are disclosed in commonly-owned U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2009/0039028 to Eaton et al., the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety
- Sorbent materials include, but are not limited to, types of materials that change physical or chemical properties of a fluid such as absorbent and adsorbent materials and materials having surface activity.
- sorbents may include, but are not limited to, granular and powdered activated carbon; ion exchange resin; metal ion exchange zeolite sorbents such as Engelhard's ATS; activated aluminas such as Selecto Scientif ⁇ c's Alusil; antimicrobial compounds, for example silver, zinc and halogen based materials; acid gas adsorbents; arsenic reduction materials; iodinated resins; titanium oxide; titanium hydroxide; and diatomaceous earth.
- the polymeric meltblown fibers comprise hydrophilic materials that can provide improved flow performance in filtration articles as compared to those constructed from non-hydrophilic materials. More particularly, polymeric meltblown fibers comprising hydrophilic materials can substantially increase the flow performance of water through the filter media when employed, for example, in a gravity-flow application.
- the meltblown polymeric fibers comprise polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).
- the polymeric fibers comprise PBT originally supplied as pellets by Ticona Engineering Polymers, Florence, Kentucky, under the tradename CELANEX 2008, having a melting point of about 225 0 C.
- the polymeric meltblown fibers have an average fiber diameter in a range from about 2 ⁇ m to about 50 ⁇ m, preferably in a range from about 6 ⁇ m to about 14 ⁇ m.
- the meltblown polymeric fibers comprise a thermoplastic polyester elastomer.
- the polymeric fibers comprise polyester thermoplastic polyester originally supplied by Polyone Distribution, Romeoville, Illinois, under the tradename DUPONT HYTREL G3548L, having a melting point of about 154 0 C.
- the polymeric meltblown fibers have an average fiber diameter in a range from about 2 ⁇ m to about 50 ⁇ m, preferably in a range from about 10 ⁇ m to about 35 ⁇ m, or in a range from about 16 ⁇ m to about 26 ⁇ m.
- Filter media in accordance with embodiments of the invention include particle loaded webs (uncalendered) and consolidated/densified loaded webs (calendered). These media can exhibit low resistance to fluid flow and have significant improvements relative to commercial products in, for example, gravity-flow liquid filtration applications. Additional advantages are found in applications requiring high flow rates.
- the hydrophilic nature of the polymeric meltblown fibers can enhance the wettability of the web, thereby allowing water to more quickly penetrate the web and provide improved flow rates without a need to "pre-wet" the filtration media.
- the carrier material is functionalized to include hydrophilic properties.
- hydrophilic properties can prevent "dry-lock" in the carrier.
- “Dry-lock” is an observed phenomenon wherein a non-functionalized carrier, after being initially wetted and then allowed to dry, can exhibit markedly degraded flow performance.
- first functionalizing the carrier to give the carrier hydrophilic properties can substantially prevent "dry-lock” from occurring, thereby allowing the carrier to exhibit good flow performance even after being allowed to dry.
- Functionalizing can be achieved, for example, by plasma treatment.
- Plasma treatment may be carried out, for example, in an apparatus as described in U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2006/0139754 to Bacon et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- Plasma treatment may be accomplished by mixing a gas mixture of 2% silane diluted in argon with oxygen gas. Typically, the flow rate of the 2% silane mixture is about 1000 seem and the flow rate of the oxygen gas is about 1000 seem. Pressure in the chamber during the plasma treatment is typically about 1 Torr. Plasma can be maintained at a power of 1000 watts and the carrier translated at a speed of about 7 feet/min corresponding to a residence time in the plasma of about 54 seconds.
- functionalization may be achieved by exposure to ozone generated by, for example, a corona discharge in an inert gas environment such as nitrogen.
- the carrier comprises polyethylene terephthalate
- the PET carrier can be modified to further include, for example, at least one silica or silanol group, which can impart hydrophilic properties to the functionalized carrier.
- the carrier comprises a PET porous sheet originally supplied by Midwest Filtration Company of Cincinnati, Ohio, under the tradename UNITHERM 170. In one embodiment, the carrier comprises a PET porous sheet originally supplied by Midwest Filtration Company of Cincinnati, Ohio, under the tradename UNITHERM 300 (basis weight of 102 g/m 2 ). In some embodiments, the PET porous sheet is further processed as described above to provide a functionalized carrier.
- the carrier comprises polyamide (e.g., NYLON 6). In some such embodiments, the carrier comprises bicomponent filaments comprising a core material such as polyester covered with a skin of polyamide.
- Such bicomponent constructions may be preferable due to the tendency of polyamide to swell in the presence of water.
- the degree of such swelling may be undesirable in a carrier constructed entirely of polyamide.
- the degree of such swelling may actually cause deformation or "rippling" on the surface of a filter media, but can be minimized by providing a non- swelling material and only a thin skin-coat of polyamide. Because such materials may be quite hydrophilic as provided, there is typically no need to provide further treatment for the carrier.
- the polyamide carrier comprises a thermally bonded spunlaid nonwoven made from a bi-component filament with a polyester core and a polyamide (NYLON 6) skin and a basis weight of 3.0 oz/sq yd (100 g/m 2 ) sold under the tradename COLBACK WHD 100 (available from Colbond, Inc., of Enka, North Carolina).
- webs comprising hydrophilic meltblown fibers according to the present disclosure can more securely enmesh the sorbent particles, thus reducing particle shedding.
- particles of a smaller mean diameter will comprise greater surface area for activation, and therefore can have a greater sorptive capacity. Accordingly, smaller diameter particulates may be desirable to more effectively remove, for example, chlorine, from a fluid stream. However, smaller diameter particulates are also more challenging to securely enmesh in a web such that they will not shed.
- the effective fiber diameter of the hydrophilic meltblown fibers is in a range from about 5 micrometers to about 10 micrometers, and the average particle size of the sorbent particles is in a range from about 180 micrometers to about 220 micrometers.
- the effective fiber diameter of the hydrophilic meltblown fibers is in a range from about 16 micrometers to about 30 micrometers, and the average particle size of the sorbent particles is in a range from about 130 micrometers to about 180 micrometers.
- a larger effective fiber diameter has the benefit of more secure capture (i.e., less shedding) of smaller diameter particles along with a more open web structure (thereby providing decreased pressure drop and increased fluid flow) and additional sorptive capacity.
- Loaded webs can have additional advantages over carbon block technology when using thermally sensitive particulates such as some ion exchange resins.
- the particles are not exposed to the elevated temperatures seen during the block molding or extrusion processes. This reduces concerns about thermal liability related to particulate (ion exchange resin) degradation.
- the open, porous structure is also an advantage in high sediment situations.
- the highly open structure retains many potential pathways for the fluid to contact the particles. In whole house filtration, the desire is for the large sediment particles to be trapped in the media while the smaller sediment particles are permitted to pass through the media. This contributes to higher service life before the media becomes fouled and the pressure drop becomes excessive.
- the web has a Gurley time of no more than 2 (or in other embodiments 1 or even 0.5) seconds.
- the filter has a pressure drop of no more than 150 (or in other embodiments 75 or even 30) mm water at a uniform face velocity of air of 5.3 cm per second under ambient conditions.
- the particles have an average particle size of no more than 250 (or 200, 150, 100, or even 60) ⁇ m.
- the filter has an average fill rate of less than 10 minutes per gallon.
- Other embodiments include the web having a web basis weight in a range from about 10 g/m 2 to about 2000 g/m 2 (or about 20 g/m 2 to about 300 g/m 2 or even about 25 g/m 2 to about 100 g/m 2 ).
- the web has a sorbent particle density in a range from about 0.20 g/cm 3 to about 0.5 g/cm 3 .
- a further embodiment provides that the web has been compressed by calendering, heating, or applying pressure.
- Other embodiments include the web having a sorbent density gradient.
- methods of forming a filter media comprising: flowing molten polymer through a plurality of orifices to form filaments; attenuating the filaments into fibers; directing a stream of sorbent particles amidst the filaments or fibers; collecting the fibers and sorbent particles as a nonwoven web to form a filter media.
- the method further comprises compressing the nonwoven web by calendaring, heating, or applying pressure to form a compressed web having a Gurley time of no more than 2 seconds.
- the Particle Loading Process is an additional processing step to a standard meltblown fiber forming process, as disclosed in, for example, commonly assigned U.S. Patent Publication No. 2006/0096911, incorporated herein by reference.
- Blown microfibers are created by a molten polymer entering and flowing through a die, the flow being distributed across the width of the die in the die cavity and the polymer exiting the die through a series of orifices as filaments.
- a heated air stream passes through air manifolds and an air knife assembly adjacent to the series of polymer orifices that form the die exit (tip). This heated air stream can be adjusted for both temperature and velocity to attenuate (draw) the polymer filaments down to the desired fiber diameter.
- the BMF fibers are conveyed in this turbulent air stream towards a rotating surface where they collect to form a web.
- Desired particles such as adsorbent particles, of, for example, activated carbon particles or ion exchange resin beads, are loaded into a particle hopper where they gravimetrically fill recessed cavities in a feed roll.
- a rigid or semi-rigid doctor blade with segmented adjustment zones forms a controlled gap against the feed roll to restrict the flow out of the hopper.
- the doctor blade is normally adjusted to contact the surface of the feed roll to limit particulate flow to the volume that resides in the recesses of the feed roll.
- the feed rate can then be controlled by adjusting the speed that the feed roll turns.
- a brush roll operates behind the feed roll to remove any residual particulates from the recessed cavities.
- the particulates fall into a chamber that can be pressurized with compressed air or other source of pressured gas.
- This chamber is designed to create an airstream that will convey the particles and cause the particles to mix with the meltblown fibers being attenuated and conveyed by the air stream exiting the meltblown die.
- the velocity distribution of the particles is changed.
- the particles may be diverted by the die airstream and not mix with the fibers.
- the particles may be captured only on the top surface of the web.
- the particles begin to more thoroughly mix with the fibers in the meltblown airstream and can form a uniform distribution in the collected web.
- the particles partially pass through the meltblown airstream and are captured in the lower portion of the collected web. At even higher particle velocities, the particles can totally pass through the meltblown airstream without being captured in the collected web.
- the particles are sandwiched between two filament airstreams by using two generally vertical, obliquely- disposed dies that project generally opposing streams of filaments toward the collector. Meanwhile, sorbent particles pass through the hopper and into a first chute. The particles are gravity fed into the stream of filaments. The mixture of particles and fibers lands against the collector and forms a self- supporting nonwoven particle-loaded nonwoven web.
- the particles are provided using a vibratory feeder, eductor, or other techniques known to those skilled in the art.
- substantially uniform distribution of particles throughout the web is desired.
- non-uniform distributions may be advantageous. Gradients through the depth of the web may create changes to the pore size distribution that could be used for depth filtration.
- Webs with a surface loading of particles could be formed into a filter where the fluid is exposed to the particles early in the flow path and the balance of the web provides a support structure and means to prevent sloughing of the particles.
- the flow path could also be reversed so the meltblown web can act as a pre-filter to remove some contaminants prior to the fluid reaching the active surface of the particles.
- a filter media 200 is shown comprising a web 110 collected between two carriers 160.
- web 110 comprises hydrophilic polymeric meltblown fibers 140 and a plurality of sorbent particles 120 enmeshed in the hydrophilic polymeric meltblown fibers 140.
- a filter cartridge 302 is shown.
- filter cartridge 302 comprises filter media 200 as described with regard to FIG. 2 captured within a porous shell 380.
- Porous shell 380 comprises at least one aperture 382 permitting fluid communication with filter media 200.
- porous shell 380 is formed of two halves that are connected at a seam to capture filter media 200 within porous shell 380.
- Porous shell 380 can provided protection for filter media 200, for example, where filter cartridge 302 is installed in a filtration system, such as a gravity- flow filtration system.
- Particle loaded meltblown webs from polypropylene, olefinic elastomer, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and thermoplastic polyester elastomer resins were collected as formed and on treated and untreated carriers according to the Particle Loading Process to characterize performance for water purification applications.
- plasma treatment of the carriers was carried out in an apparatus as described elsewhere in the present application (i.e. - as in U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2006/0139754 to Bacon et al).
- plasma treatment shall denoted plasma treatment, while "Untreated” shall denote no plasma treatment.
- the particulate mixture B611 was added to the particle loader hopper and the feed roll speed adjusted to deliver the desired loading of absorbent particles.
- the air pressure into the particle loader chamber was set at 2 psig (13.8 kPa), resulting in a substantially uniform distribution of particles throughout the web.
- Examples 5-8 Loaded Web (metallocene-catalyzed olefmic elastomer based) [0071] Short yardage rolls of approximately 10 inch (25.4 cm) wide-loaded-web were collected under the conditions as follows. The metallocene-catalyzed olefmic elastomer polymer was extruded through a 10 inch (25.4 cm) wide drilled orifice die (DOD) at 6.1 lb/hr (2.7 kg/hr). The polymer melt temperature was 535 F (280 C). The die-to-collector distance was 8.5 inches (21.6 cm).
- the particulate mixture B611 was added to the particle loader hopper and the feed roll speed adjusted to deliver the desired loading of absorbent particles.
- the air pressure into the particle loader chamber was set at 2 psig (13.8 kPa), resulting in a substantially uniform distribution of particles throughout the web.
- the particulate mixture B611 was added to the particle loader hopper and the feed roll speed adjusted to deliver the desired loading of absorbent particles.
- the air pressure into the particle loader chamber was set at 2 psig (13.8 kPa), resulting in a substantially uniform distribution of particles throughout the web.
- Examples 19-22 Loaded Web (thermoplastic polyester elastomer based) [0075] Short yardage rolls of approximately 10 inch (25.4 cm) wide-loaded-web were collected under the conditions as follows. The thermoplastic polyester elastomer polymer was extruded through a 10 inch (25.4 cm) wide drilled orifice die (DOD) at 8.8 lb/hr (4.1 kg/hr). The polymer melt temperature was 518 F (270 C). The die-to-collector distance was 7 inches (17.8 cm). Samples of the base web (no loaded particulates) were collected at 65 and 102 grams per square meter (g/m 2 ) basis weight and evaluated for effective fiber diameter (EFD) according to the method set forth in Davies, C. N., "The Separation of Airborne Dust and Particles," Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London Proceedings IB, 1952. The air temperature and velocity were adjusted to achieve effective fiber diameters of 25 microns ( ⁇ m) and 18 microns (um).
- EFD effective fiber diameter
- the particulate PGWH - 150MP was added to the particle loader hopper and the feed roll speed adjusted to deliver the desired loading of absorbent particles.
- the air pressure into the particle loader chamber was set at 2 psig (13.8 kPa), resulting in a substantially uniform distribution of particles throughout the web. Table 5. Examples 19-22
- a Water Flow Apparatus was assembled from a reservoir, a media holder, and a collection chamber.
- the reservoir was a polyethylene container having an open top and capable of holding 1 liter of fluid.
- the reservoir had an aperture cut into its bottom to allow fluid communication with the media holder positioned below.
- the media holder comprised a top cylinder and a bottom cylinder, each constructed of aluminum and having a 3.9 inches (9.9 cm) diameter opening, between which a disk of filtration media was positioned with the carrier oriented on the downstream side on the media disk.
- the top cylinder of the media holder was affixed and sealed to the bottom of the reservoir in alignment with the reservoir aperture such that fluid poured into the reservoir would flow, under the influence of gravity, into the top cylinder.
- a disk of media was placed into a cylindrical recess in the top cylinder, and the bottom cylinder was positioned over the media and bolted into place. Tightening the bolts pinched the media between the top and bottom cylinders, leaving a 3.9 inches (9.9 cm) unobstructed diameter in the media disk for fluid to flow through. The pinching of the media disk created a seal such that fluid flowing into the media holder would not be allowed to bypass the media disk.
- the bottom cylinder had a 1.2 inch (3 cm) opening below the media disk to allow fluid to flow out of the media holder and into the collection chamber.
- the collection chamber was a polyethylene container constructed to elevate the reservoir and media holder above a work surface such that a beaker could be placed under the media holder to catch fluid falling from the 1.2 inch (3cm) opening in the bottom of the media holder.
- the collection chamber had an open side to allow easy placement and removal of the beaker, and also to allow any fluid not captured by the beaker to flow out of the collection chamber.
- a disk of media was placed into the Water Flow Apparatus as described above, in normal ambient laboratory conditions.
- the Water Flow Apparatus was placed over a drain so that any excess fluid could run into the drain.
- a beaker was placed in the collection chamber as described above. 1 liter of city water (City of Eagan, Minnesota) was poured into the reservoir through its open top. The water flowed, under the influence of gravity, into the media holder to contact the media disk. Water flowing through the media disk exited the media holder and was collected in the beaker. The amount of time required for the water to flow through the media disk was recorded with a stopwatch.
- Examples 7-8 VISTAMAXX 2125 and 17-18 (CELENEX 2008) were each removed from the Water Flow Apparatus and dried in a forced air oven for 24 hours. The oven was set to a temperature of 110 0 C. Each media disk was then removed from the oven. [0088] Following drying in the oven, each media disk was reinstalled into the
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10714133A EP2416864A2 (en) | 2009-04-07 | 2010-04-07 | Improved sorbent loaded webs for gravity filtration |
JP2012504815A JP5981336B2 (en) | 2009-04-07 | 2010-04-07 | Improved sorbent blended web for gravity filtration |
BRPI1006674A BRPI1006674A2 (en) | 2009-04-07 | 2010-04-07 | "enhanced absorbent blankets enhanced for gravity filtration" |
CN201080019956.6A CN102421501B (en) | 2009-04-07 | 2010-04-07 | Improved sorbent loaded webs for gravity filtration |
US13/263,389 US20120193282A1 (en) | 2009-04-07 | 2010-04-07 | sorbent loaded webs for gravity filtration |
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US16752709P | 2009-04-07 | 2009-04-07 | |
US61/167,527 | 2009-04-07 |
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WO2010118112A2 true WO2010118112A2 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
WO2010118112A3 WO2010118112A3 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2010/030208 WO2010118112A2 (en) | 2009-04-07 | 2010-04-07 | Improved sorbent loaded webs for gravity filtration |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120193282A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2416864A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5981336B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20120006036A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102421501B (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI1006674A2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010118112A2 (en) |
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- 2010-04-07 WO PCT/US2010/030208 patent/WO2010118112A2/en active Application Filing
- 2010-04-07 JP JP2012504815A patent/JP5981336B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9028690B2 (en) | 2012-04-18 | 2015-05-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Water treatment cartridge |
EP3003530A4 (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2017-01-04 | Gusmer Enterprises, Inc. | Dry formed filters and methods of making the same |
WO2019202421A1 (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2019-10-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Biodegradable layered composite |
CN111744271A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-09 | 杭州科百特科技有限公司 | Activated carbon filter element and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2416864A2 (en) | 2012-02-15 |
JP2012523312A (en) | 2012-10-04 |
US20120193282A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
BRPI1006674A2 (en) | 2016-04-12 |
KR20120006036A (en) | 2012-01-17 |
CN102421501B (en) | 2015-01-07 |
JP5981336B2 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
CN102421501A (en) | 2012-04-18 |
WO2010118112A3 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
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