WO2010128877A1

WO2010128877A1 - Device for recovering energy from flue gases

Info

Publication number: WO2010128877A1
Application number: PCT/RU2009/000216
Authority: WO
Inventors: Владимир Анатольевич МАТВЕЕВ; Александр Александрович ЗВОНОВ
Original assignee: Matveev Vladimir Anatolevich; Zvonov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
Priority date: 2009-05-05
Filing date: 2009-05-05
Publication date: 2010-11-11
Also published as: RU2011123888A

Abstract

The invention relates to power engineering, more specifically to devices for recovering energy from flue gases. The device comprises a gas reactor with a pumping source and a converter for converting the plasma energy of the reactor into electrical energy. The pumping source comprises an electromagnetic wave generator with a resonator and a high-voltage discharger, the electrodes of which are introduced into the reactor cavity. The reactor vessel is made of a refractory dielectric material and is disposed in the resonator of the electromagnetic wave generator. The converter for converting the plasma energy of the reactor into electrical energy is designed in the form of a nozzle with an inductive winding and is situated at the outlet of the reactor. Furthermore, the inductive winding of the nozzle is connected to the feed inlet of the pumping source and to the outlet of the device for recovering energy from flue gases. The device makes it possible to recycle flue gases and supply electricity to external energy consumers.

Description

Device for generating energy from flue gases

The invention relates to energy, specifically to devices for generating energy from flue gases.

A device is known for generating energy from flue gases (SU 1824510, IPC: F23L15 / 00, 1993), comprising a heat exchanger installed in the chimney of a thermal power plant (CHP) and connected at the outlet to the turbine of the CHP.

A disadvantage of the known device for generating energy from gas waste is the lack of conversion of flue gas energy into electrical energy associated with the selection of only part of the heat from the flue gas. Another disadvantage of the known device is the lack of environmental friendliness. This is due to the fact that the flue gases of CHP plants, which are the main source of atmospheric pollution, contain carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) according to GOST 17.2.1.04-77 (RU) - 93% and 7% - the rest in decreasing order: sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, as well as soot, dust particles, often radioactive elements. At the same time, carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), which makes up the main percentage of flue gases, passes through the known device almost without delay and pollutes the atmosphere, causing a greenhouse effect in it.

These disadvantages are eliminated in a device for generating energy from air gases (US 69369761, NKI: 315.111.91; 315.108, 2005), containing a gas reactor with a pump source and a pipe for supplying gas to the reactor cavity, and the reactor pump source contains electromagnetic waves with a resonator and a high voltage arrester, the electrodes of which are brought into the cavity of the reactor.

In this case, the internal cavity of the reactor is connected through sealed pipe (waveguide) with the output of the electromagnetic wave generator. The reactor vessel is made of quartz glass with double walls and nozzles for connecting the cavity between the walls with a heat exchanger. The space between the walls is filled with a coolant, mainly water, heated by the radiation of a gas plasma generated in the chamber cavity. Heated coolant can be used to produce mechanical and / or electrical energy using steam turbines.

The disadvantages of this device are: a relatively small output power associated with insufficient strength of the quartz chamber; the difficulty of operational control of the output power of the gas reactor, associated with the instability and relatively large required time for the formation of the "energetic core" of the plasma in an insufficiently strong glass vessel; as well as relatively large dimensions, due to restrictions on the strength of the reactor vessel (on the specific energy of pressure on the walls of a glass vessel in the reaction zone).

An object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype and, first of all, increasing the output power of the device, the ability to control its energy in real time.

The technical result that provides the solution to this problem is the pulse activation of the gas reagent and the adjustment of the average output power of the device by the frequency of the activation pulses.

The achievement of the claimed technical result and, as a result, the solution of the technical problem is achieved by the fact that the device for generating energy from flue gases, containing a gas reactor with a pump source and a pipe for supplying gas to the reactor cavity, moreover, the pump source of the reactor contains an electromagnetic wave generator with a resonator and a high voltage arrester, the electrodes of which are brought into the cavity of the reactor, according to the invention it further comprises a converter of plasma energy of the reactor into electrical energy, the reactor vessel is made of refractory dielectric material and installed in the resonator of the electromagnetic wave generator, when this inlet pipe for supplying gas into the chamber cavity is equipped with a check valve, the reactor plasma energy converter in electrical energy is made in the form of a nozzle with an inductive winding and is installed at the outlet of the reactor, and the inductive winding of the nozzle is connected to the supply input of the pump source and to the output of the device. In this case, the refractory dielectric material of the camera body is made of porcelain or ceramic. Refractory electrodes are made of tungsten or graphite. The pump source is pulsed, and the frequency of its electromagnetic waves and / or discharge pulses is chosen equal to one or more resonant frequencies of absorption of molecules and atoms of flue gases. The implementation of the reactor vessel from refractory dielectric material and its installation in the magnetron resonator allows the electromagnetic pumping of the gas reagent through the radiolucent gas reactor vessel in the longer wavelength region of the spectrum of resonant frequencies of absorption of electromagnetic waves (EMW). This makes it possible to use powerful magnetrons and klystrons with high efficiency for pumping in comparison with short-wave EMW sources and at the same time simplify the design of the device as a whole.

The introduction of the energy converter of the plasma of the reactor into electrical energy, made in the form of a nozzle with an inductive winding and installed at the outlet of the reactor, allows you to directly convert the plasma energy of the utilized gases into electrical energy. The connection of the inductive winding of the nozzle with the supply input of the pump source, and with the output of the device allows you to provide your own needs with electricity for initiating the combustion reaction of flue gases and power supply to external energy consumers. The execution of the pump source pulsed, the choice of the frequency of its electromagnetic waves and / or discharge pulses equal to one or more resonant frequencies of absorption of molecules and flue gas atoms, as well as limiting the relaxation of the plasma by shielding the reaction zone from an external neutral medium, can reduce the energy consumption for activating the avalanche chemical reaction and simultaneously increase the output energy of a gas reactor.

In FIG. 1 shows the design of a device for generating energy from flue gases, FIG. 2 - its cross section.

A device for generating energy from flue gases comprises a gas reactor 1 with a pumping source 2, a pipe 3 for supplying gas to the cavity of the reactor 1, and a nozzle 4 for removing plasma from the reaction zone. The pump source 2 of the reactor 1 contains an electromagnetic wave generator, for example, a magnetron 5 and a high voltage arrester 6, the electrodes 7 of which are brought into the cavity of the reactor, and the modulating output 8 is connected to the cathode 9 of the magnetron 5. The output of the electromagnetic waves (EMW) of the magnetron 5 is connected by the waveguide 10 to the resonator 11, through the cavity of which the gas reactor 1 passes. The reactor vessel 1 is made of a cylindrical shape from a refractory dielectric (radiolucent) material, for example, from porcelain and / or ceramic. On one of the ends of the reactor 1 is installed the inlet pipe 3 for supplying the gas reagent, and on the other end side, the nozzle 4. The pipe 3 is equipped with a check valve 12, and the nozzle 4 is equipped with an inductive winding 13, forming an electric energy source 14 connected to the supply input of the pump source 2 and with external consumers of electricity . The high-voltage spark gap 6 is made in the form of an inductive or capacitive energy storage device with an adjustable pulse repetition rate of 5 pulses modulating the magnetron and bursts of discharge pulses supplied to the electrodes 7. The frequency f _{m of} high-frequency electromagnetic oscillations in each magnetron 5 pulse and the frequency f _{n of} discharge pulses in the packet are selected corresponding one or more resonant frequencies f ₀ (Fraunhofer lines) of absorption (JOURNAL OF RESEARCH оf thе Nаtiopal Вуеаu оf Stapards Рhusisesеd Сhemistr. VoI. 67A, 3, Mau-Jupe, 1963; Yamanov D. H. Elemental fundamentals trodynamics and radio wave propagation - Part 2: Fundamentals of electrodynamics - Lecture texts - M: MGTU GA, 2005. 100 s) electromagnetic waves with flue gas (CO ₂ - reagent and its impurities) introduced into the reactor cavity 1. Volume of the internal cavity (chamber ) of the gas reactor 1 is selected from the condition that the energy of the pump source 1 is sufficient for the resonant activation of the flue gas and exclude the rupture of the chamber 1 during the explosion of the mass of the gas reagent enclosed in it.

A device for generating energy from flue gases works as follows. _Ignition voltage U is supplied to the energy storage 6 - At the same time, flue gases fill the cavity of the gas reactor 1 through the valve 12, which is open in the normal state. When the high-voltage spark gap 6 enters the operating mode, the latter produces negative voltage modulation pulses with a repetition period T of polarity and duration τ to the cathode 9 of magnetron 5. Simultaneously with the same repetition period, bursts of discharge pulses of duration τ and pump frequency f _n corresponding to or a multiple of the resonant absorption frequency f ₀ of the gas reagent are output to the electrodes 7 of the gas reactor. Under the influence of a potential difference> 30 kV / cm between the electrodes 7 of the gas reactor 1, an electrical breakdown of the gas reagent and the formation of a streamer - paths from current carriers (ions and electrons) with a charge density of the order of 10 ^"7 cm ^{" 3} occur. At the same time, the magnetron 5, under the influence of high-voltage pump pulses, generates packs of high-frequency electromagnetic pump waves (EMW) with a frequency f _m = f ₀ and with an energy density of at least 1 J / cm ² 'and transmits them through a waveguide 10 to a resonator 11 for electromagnetic pumping of ionized gas reagent in the chamber of a gas reactor 1. In this case, due to the resonant absorption of EMW energy and impact ionization, molecular bonds and CO ₂ molecules are broken into constituent elements

CO ₂ = C + O ₂ (1);

C = C_ + e (2);

O ₂ = (OeO) -> O ₊ + (Oe) = O ₊ + O. (3) where:

C = (Ce) is a neutral carbon atom having one bond electron for each atom in the carbon chain of the fuel;

O ₂ = (OeO) - an oxygen molecule having one electron bonding between two atoms of the molecule;

C-, O- - negative carbon and oxygen ions, respectively; O ₊ is a positive ion. The electrodynamic interaction of C- and O ₊ ions causes a combustion reaction (carbon oxidation) with the formation of carbon monoxide and heat Q ₁

C- + O ₊ - CO + Q ₁ (4).

The formation of CO emitted by reaction 4, which is unstable to “moderate” ionization, emitted heat Q, as well as the resonant action of EMW energy and the electric discharge of pump source 2 on the ionized medium, contribute to the development of the further ionization and destruction of oxygen atoms and ions with the formation of their mass deficit lϊl . An increase in the density of charge carriers in the reactor 1 to 10 ¹⁴ cm ^"3 leads to the initiation of" oxygen reactions))

O ₂ = O ₊ + e + O ₊ + Q ₂ , (5) accompanied by explosive destruction of oxygen molecules, release of a free electron of their bond and quantum energy Q _{2 of} secondary ionizing radiation from the ultraviolet to the soft X-ray range of electromagnetic waves, leading to avalanche ionization of gas reagent in reactor 1 and to the complete separation of electrons from positively charged nuclei of oxygen atoms and other components of the flue gas. The presence in the flue gas of a small percentage of nitrogen, which binds part of the oxygen in reactor 1, somewhat reduces the reaction rate (5) due to the fact that nitrogen molecules, having a negative excess charge, surround some of the oxygen molecules having a positive excess charge, forming aggregates of oxygen, shielded by nitrogen from ionizing effects. If the primary (from the source of 2 pump) and / or secondary (the result of the “oxygen reaction))) ionizing the effect is sufficient for the destruction of nitrogen, the molecule of which is twice as strong as the oxygen molecule, since it has not one but two binding electrons, while nitrogen is destroyed not only into atoms, but also fragments representing other chemical elements in the nitrogen reaction

N2 -> C, O, H. (6)

The positively charged nuclei of the atoms of the reacted gases freed from the electron shells are combined (due to freedom of movement and the possibility of approaching the boundary of the action of powerful gravitational forces) into a common positive nucleus 15 and an electron cloud 16 above the combined nucleus 14. In the works (www.blackklighroverr.com) Mills R.L. (USA) the combination of nuclei and a jump-like increase in the energy of a gas plasma are explained by the tunneling effect, in the works (www.сhukapovepergu.som) Chukanova KB (Bulgaria) - previously unknown from classical physics, the laws of the material world. In this case, due to the difficulty of access of neutral atoms to the reaction zone from the external environment (the predominance of the ionization process over the relaxation process) and the combination of nuclei into one common mass, the electrons jump at high energy levels relative to the nuclei distant from them. During the transition of excited electrons to lower energy orbits, quantum energy is released, which additionally causes instantaneous heating of the gas reagent in chamber 1 and energy is released through nozzle 4 mainly in the form of kinetic plasma energy. The plasma passing through the cavity of the nozzle 4 induces a pulsed electric current in the inductive winding 13, which is supplied to the drive 2 to be converted into a form suitable for powering the magnetron 5 and spark gap 6, as well as for supplying external electricity consumers. After the plasma leaves the chamber 1, a vacuum vacuum is formed in its cavity. The formation of vacuum leads to tearing off the check valve 12 and the intake of the next batch of gas reagent through the pipe 3 into the cavity of the reactor 1. Next, the pulse mode of operation of the gas reactor is repeated. The output power of the electric energy of the device for receiving energy from gas waste is regulated by the repetition rate of the pump pulses of the device 2 (not shown in the figures).

The specified invention is not limited to the above example of its implementation. Within the framework of this invention, the activation of a gas reagent is possible with various combinations of parameters and types of sources of electromagnetic waves and a gaseous medium. So, to reduce the energy cost of exciting a gas reagent, catalysts can be used. Electron sources can be magnetrons, klystrons, and other sources of electromagnetic waves, the emission spectrum of which coincides with the absorption lines of the molecules and atoms of the gas reagent and freely passes through the radiolucent reactor vessel 1. Non-combustible normal Gases sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, as well as soot and dust particles in water vapor.

The invention was developed at the level of technical proposal and physical modeling of the activation of a gaseous medium by the combined action of microwave radiation and electric discharge in a volume isolated from the external environment.

Claims

Claim

1. A device for generating energy from flue gases, containing a gas reactor with a pump source and a pipe for supplying gas to the reactor cavity, and the pump source of the reactor contains an electromagnetic wave generator with a resonator and a high voltage arrester, the electrodes of which are brought into the reactor cavity, characterized in that it additionally contains a converter of plasma energy of the reactor into electrical energy, the reactor vessel is made of refractory dielectric material and installed in the resonator of the generator electromagnetic waves, while the inlet for supplying gas to the chamber cavity is equipped with a check valve, the converter of plasma energy of the reactor into electrical energy is made in the form of a nozzle with an inductive winding and is installed at the outlet of the reactor, and the inductive winding of the nozzle is connected to the supply input of the pump source and to the output devices.

2. The device according to p. I ₅ characterized in that the refractory dielectric material of the reactor vessel is made of porcelain and / or ceramic.

3. The device according to p. I ₅ characterized in that the refractory electrodes are made of tungsten or graphite.

4. The device according to p. I ₅ characterized in that the pump source is made pulsed, and the frequency of its electromagnetic waves and / or discharge pulses is chosen equal to one or more resonant frequencies of absorption of molecules and flue gas atoms.