WO2011013518A1 - 内視鏡用光学系および内視鏡 - Google Patents
内視鏡用光学系および内視鏡 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011013518A1 WO2011013518A1 PCT/JP2010/061942 JP2010061942W WO2011013518A1 WO 2011013518 A1 WO2011013518 A1 WO 2011013518A1 JP 2010061942 W JP2010061942 W JP 2010061942W WO 2011013518 A1 WO2011013518 A1 WO 2011013518A1
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- Prior art keywords
- prism
- endoscope
- axis
- optical system
- light
- Prior art date
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000000683 abdominal cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006059 cover glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005394 sealing glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
- G02B23/2407—Optical details
- G02B23/2423—Optical details of the distal end
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
- A61B1/00071—Insertion part of the endoscope body
- A61B1/0008—Insertion part of the endoscope body characterised by distal tip features
- A61B1/00096—Optical elements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
- A61B1/00174—Optical arrangements characterised by the viewing angles
- A61B1/00183—Optical arrangements characterised by the viewing angles for variable viewing angles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
- A61B1/0051—Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
- G02B17/04—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using prisms only
- G02B17/045—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using prisms only having static image erecting or reversing properties only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an endoscope optical system and an endoscope.
- endoscopes that change the direction of the field of view of an endoscope by swinging or rotating a prism disposed at the distal end portion of the endoscope to change the direction of the distal end surface thereof.
- a prism disposed at the distal end portion of the endoscope to change the direction of the distal end surface thereof.
- the prism is arranged at a position shifted in the radial direction from the optical axis of the other optical system in the endoscope, and further moves in the radial direction in the endoscope. Therefore, there exists a problem that the dimension of the front-end
- the dimensions of other optical systems such as a lens group and an image sensor arranged behind the prism are limited to be smaller than the diameter of the endoscope, rigid endoscopes that are particularly advantageous for good image quality In the mirror, there is a problem that the image quality of the endoscopic image deteriorates.
- the prism is disposed so as to protrude in the radial direction from the distal end portion of the endoscope, and the optical axis of the optical system from the prism to the image sensor is orthogonal to the optical axis of the endoscope body. ing. Therefore, there is a problem that the overall diameter of the distal end portion of the endoscope becomes large.
- the present invention has been made in view of the circumstances described above, and is an endoscope image with good image quality while keeping the diameter dimension of the distal end portion of the endoscope small while changing the direction of the field of view of the endoscope. It is an object of the present invention to provide an endoscope optical system capable of obtaining the above.
- a first prism that deflects and emits light incident along an incident optical axis in a direction along a first axis perpendicular to the incident optical axis
- the first prism A second prism having two reflecting surfaces that folds light emitted from the prism along a second axis spaced from the first axis, and light folded by the second prism
- a third prism that is deflected in a direction along a plane perpendicular to the first axis and including the incident optical axis, the first prism being the first prism with respect to the second prism.
- an optical system for an endoscope in which the two reflecting surfaces of the second prism are arranged at an obtuse angle with respect to each other.
- the optical system for the endoscope has the optical axis of the other optical system of the endoscope in which the first prism is directed toward the distal end and the optical axis emitted from the third prism is arranged in the subsequent stage.
- the first prism and the third prism are arranged in a direction along the optical axis of the other optical system in the subsequent stage, and the angle formed by the reflecting surface of the second prism is an obtuse angle, the second prism
- the size of the prism can be kept relatively small in the radial direction of the endoscope. This eliminates the inconvenience of limiting the diameter of other optical systems such as lenses and image sensors while keeping the diameter of the endoscope distal end small, and obtains an endoscope image with good image quality. Can do.
- a first prism that deflects and emits light incident along an incident optical axis in a direction along a first axis that intersects the incident optical axis, and the first prism.
- a second prism having two reflecting surfaces that fold light emitted from the prism along a second axis that is spaced from the first axis and that is perpendicular to the incident optical axis;
- the endoscope is provided so as to be swingable about the second axis with respect to the third prism, and the two reflecting surfaces of the second prism are arranged at an obtuse angle with each other. It is an optical system.
- the field of view of the endoscope can be changed by swinging the first and second prisms around the second axis with respect to the third prism. Further, it is possible to obtain an endoscopic image with good image quality while keeping the diameter dimension of the distal end portion of the endoscope small.
- the first and third prisms may reflect incident light once, and the second prism may reflect light three times or more and odd times. Good. By doing in this way, the shape of the 1st and 3rd prism can be simplified, and the size of the 2nd prism can be made smaller in the radial direction of the endoscope.
- an imaging unit that images an image formed by imaging light emitted from the third prism is provided on the optical axis emitted from the third prism.
- the image is relative to the image sensor in a direction to correct the rotation of the image with respect to the imaging unit when the first prism swings.
- it may be configured to include rotation correction means for rotating around the emission optical axis. By doing so, it is possible to correct the rotation of the image with respect to the imaging unit that occurs when the first prism is swung.
- the rotation correction unit may rotate the imaging unit about the emission optical axis by the same swing angle as that of the first prism. In this way, in particular, in an endoscope having a configuration in which the endoscope optical system and the imaging unit are arranged close to each other at the distal end portion, it is possible to easily and accurately correct the rotation of the image. .
- the lens unit is disposed between the third prism and the imaging unit, and includes a lens group that transmits the light emitted from the third prism to the imaging unit.
- the imaging unit and the lens group may be integrated and rotated about the exit optical axis by the same swing angle as the first prism. By doing so, it is possible to easily correct the rotation of the image while preventing inconveniences such as the positional deviation of the optical axis.
- the light flux between the third prism and the lens group is substantially afocal. It is good also as being. By doing in this way, when the lens group and the imaging unit are rotated, even if they are slightly misaligned with respect to the third prism, the influence on the image can be suppressed.
- the rotation correction unit is configured such that light enters and exits along a predetermined optical axis, and the predetermined optical axis is on the exit optical axis between the third prism and the imaging unit. It is good also as providing the image rotation prism arrange
- the image rotation prism may rotate by an angle that is half the swing angle of the first prism. In this way, the image rotation can be corrected with higher accuracy.
- the first, second, and third prisms may reflect light an odd number of times as a whole. In this way, a normal image can be formed by the light emitted from the image rotation prism.
- a relay optical system that transmits the light emitted from the third prism and an image formed by forming an image of the light transmitted by the relay optical system are observed.
- An eyepiece optical system may be provided, and the relay optical system may image light at an even number of times at an intermediate position. In this way, it is possible to transmit the light emitted from the third prism to the eyepiece optical system while maintaining the same image orientation.
- an imaging unit that images an image formed by imaging the light emitted from the third prism on the emission optical axis of the third prism
- the first, second, and third prisms may be provided so as to be rotatable integrally with the imaging unit around the emission optical axis.
- a third aspect of the present invention is an endoscope provided with the endoscope optical system according to any one of the above at the distal end of the insertion portion. According to the third aspect of the present invention, it is possible to acquire an endoscopic image with good image quality while keeping the diameter dimension of the tip portion small while changing the direction of the visual field.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain an endoscopic image with good image quality while keeping the diameter dimension of the distal end portion of the endoscope small while changing the direction of the field of view of the endoscope.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an endoscope optical system and an endoscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the 1st unit of the objective optical system of the endoscope of FIG. It is a figure explaining operation
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a distal end portion of the endoscope of FIG. 6, and is an overall configuration diagram of an endoscope optical system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- an endoscope 100 according to this embodiment is a rigid endoscope that includes a rigid cylindrical tube 2 in a straight tube shape at an insertion portion.
- the endoscope optical system 1 according to this embodiment is disposed in a lens barrel 2.
- a camera head 4 having an image sensor (imaging unit) 3 is attached at the base end of the endoscope 100.
- Image information acquired by the image sensor 3 is transmitted to the processor 5 as a digital signal.
- the processor 5 generates an image from the input digital signal and displays it on the monitor 6.
- a light guide 8 connected to the light source 7 is disposed in the lens barrel 2 along the longitudinal direction. The light from the light source 7 is guided by the light guide 8 so that the front is illuminated from the distal end surface of the endoscope 100.
- the endoscope optical system 1 includes an objective optical system 30 that forms an image of light from an object in order from the distal end surface side of the lens barrel 2, and a relay optical system that relays an image formed by the objective optical system 30. 40 and an eyepiece optical system 50 for observing an image relayed by the relay optical system 40.
- the objective optical system 30 includes a first unit 60 and a lens group 19.
- the first unit 60 includes a concave lens 9, a first prism 11, a second prism 12, a third prism 13, and a plano-convex lens 10.
- the plano-convex lens 10 emits substantially parallel light.
- the lens group 19 images substantially parallel light from the plano-convex lens 10.
- Reference numeral 2 a denotes a cover glass that covers the front end surface of the lens barrel 2.
- the optical axes of the concave lens 9 and the plano-convex lens 10 are arranged coaxially along the longitudinal direction of the lens barrel 2.
- the first and third prisms 11 and 13 are basically rectangular prisms having a right-angled isosceles triangle cross section.
- the first and third prisms 11 and 13 face each other with inclined surfaces forming a right angle, and one surface sandwiching an inner angle of 90 ° is orthogonal to the optical axes of the concave lens 9 and the plano-convex lens 10 at substantially the center.
- the first and third prisms 11 and 13 have a shape in which tip portions of 45 ° angles adjacent to each other are cut.
- the second prism 12 is a prism having a trapezoidal cross section.
- the second prism 12 has a lower bottom surface 12a arranged in parallel with a small gap on the other surface of the first prism 11 and the third prism 13 sandwiching the 90 ° inner angle.
- the second prism 12 reflects light incident from the first prism 11 perpendicularly to the lower bottom surface 12a three times between the inclined surface (reflecting surface) 12b and the lower bottom surface 12a, and the third prism 13
- the bottom angle formed by the lower bottom surface 12a and the inclined surface 12b is designed so as to emit vertically toward the approximate center of the other surface across the 90 ° interior angle.
- the light emitted from the concave lens 9 is deflected at a right angle by the inclined surface of the first prism 11 as indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 2, and thereby along the first axis A orthogonal to the lower bottom surface 12 a.
- the light enters the second prism 12.
- the light incident on the second prism 12 is reflected three times between the inclined surface 12b and the lower bottom surface 12a, and then the third prism 13 along the second axis B orthogonal to the lower bottom surface 12a. Is incident on.
- the light incident on the third prism 13 is deflected rearward along the longitudinal direction of the lens barrel 2, and is further formed into substantially parallel light by the plano-convex lens 10 and emitted.
- first prism 11 and the concave lens 9 are joined, and as shown in FIG. 3, an axis that passes through the intersection of the slope of the first prism 11 and the optical axis of the concave lens 9 and is orthogonal to the optical axis of the concave lens 9. That is, it is provided so as to be swingable integrally around the first axis A.
- the first prism 11 and the concave lens 9 swing continuously from ⁇ 45 ° to + 45 °, preferably from ⁇ 60 ° to + 60 ° with respect to the front direction of the distal end surface of the endoscope 100. To do.
- the angle of the field of view of the endoscope 100 is continuously changed from ⁇ 45 ° to + 45 °, preferably from ⁇ 60 ° to + 60 ° with respect to the front direction. More preferably, the angle is continuously changed between ⁇ 90 ° and + 90 °.
- the first prism 11 has an influence on the optical path such as chamfering the corner of the first prism 11 adjacent to the third prism 13 so that the first prism 11 swings without interfering with the third prism 13. You may change the shape of the 1st prism 11 suitably in the range which does not reach.
- the relay optical system 40 forms a mirror image on the final imaging plane by imaging the light imaged by the objective optical system 30 an even number of times at an intermediate position.
- the eyepiece optical system 50 includes an eyepiece lens 14 that enlarges an image formed on the final imaging surface of the relay optical system 40 and emits light as a parallel light beam.
- the eyepiece optical system 50 includes an image rotation prism 15 disposed between the relay optical system 40 and the eyepiece lens 14.
- the image rotation prism 15 has a trapezoidal prism shape in cross section.
- the image rotation prism 15 reflects light incident from one inclined surface along a predetermined optical axis parallel to the bottom surface and reflects the light from the lower bottom surface along the same optical axis as the incident light from the other inclined surface. Eject. At this time, the image formed by the emitted light is a mirror image with respect to the image formed by the incident light.
- the image rotation prism 15 has a predetermined optical axis arranged on an extension line of the optical axis of the relay optical system 40, and is provided to be rotatable around the predetermined optical axis. At this time, the image rotation prism 15 is synchronized with the swing of the first prism 11 in the direction in which the rotation of the image with respect to the image sensor 3 due to the swing of the first prism 11 is corrected.
- the prism 11 is rotated by an angle that is half of the angle at which the prism 11 is swung. Thereby, even if the first prism 11 is swung, the orientation of the image formed on the image sensor 3 is kept constant.
- the endoscope 100 including the endoscope optical system 1 configured as described above will be described below.
- the endoscope 100 is inserted into the body from the distal end while illuminating the front with the light guide 8.
- the endoscopic image inside the body can be observed on the monitor 6.
- the inside of the body can be observed while changing the viewing direction from the front direction to the oblique direction.
- the field of view can be reduced with a simple configuration using the three prisms 11, 12, and 13.
- the first and third prisms 11 and 13 are arranged on the optical axes of the other optical systems 40 and 50 arranged in the subsequent stage.
- a trapezoidal shape in which the angle formed between the inclined surfaces 12b is an obtuse angle is used as the second prism 12, and light is reflected three times from the first prism 11 to the third prism 13 to transmit the light.
- the space of the lens barrel 2 is fully utilized for the lenses constituting the objective optical system 30 and the relay optical system 40. It is possible to use one having a diameter. As a result, it is possible to obtain an endoscopic image with excellent image quality comparable to that of a conventional rigid endoscope with a fixed visual field direction by using a lens having excellent performance in correcting the numerical aperture and aberration for each lens. There is an advantage. Further, the use of the image rotating prism 15 has an advantage that the rotation of the image generated when the first prism 11 is swung can be corrected with a simple configuration and high accuracy.
- the first prism 11 and the concave lens 9 are integrally provided so as to be swingable. Instead, the first prism 11, the second prism 12, and the concave lens 9 are provided. It is good also as being provided so that rocking is possible integrally. In this case, the first prism 11, the second prism 12 and the concave lens 9 are swung around the second axis B. Even in this case, the diameter of the endoscope 100 can be kept small while changing the viewing direction.
- the first prism 11 can be continuously swung, but instead, it may be swung stepwise at a predetermined angle. For example, even if the first prism 11 is swung in steps of 0 °, ⁇ 30 °, ⁇ 45 °, and ⁇ 90 ° with respect to the front direction of the distal end surface of the endoscope 100, it is sufficiently wide. The visual field can be observed.
- the image rotation prism 15 is a prism having a trapezoidal cross section.
- the image rotation prism 15 has the same optical axis for incident light and emission light, and transmits light inside. Any shape that reflects an odd number of times may be used.
- a prismatic prism having a regular triangle as shown in FIG. 4 may be used, and a plurality of prisms having different shapes may be combined as shown in FIG. These prisms can also correct the rotation of the image by rotating around the optical axes of the incident light and the emitted light.
- the second prism 12 reflects the light incident from the first prism 11 three times.
- the number of reflections may be three or more and an odd number.
- the image rotation prism 15 corrects the image rotation.
- the image rotation prism 15 may electrically correct the image rotation.
- the endoscope 100 according to the present embodiment includes a distal end portion 16 on which an optical system that focuses and collects light from an object to form and image an image, and a direction of the distal end portion 16.
- a laparoscope having a bending portion 17 that changes the angle is used.
- the endoscope optical system 1 according to the present embodiment is disposed in the distal end portion 16.
- the endoscope 100 transmits the image information acquired at the distal end portion 16 to the external processor 5 as a digital signal.
- the lens barrel of the distal end portion 16 includes a front cylinder 16a and a rear cylinder 16b in order from the distal end side.
- the front cylinder 16a and the rear cylinder 16b are provided so as to be rotatable in the circumferential direction independently of each other with respect to the bending portion 17.
- the bending portion 17 is bent when the operator operates the handle 18.
- the endoscope optical system 1 includes a first unit 60 disposed in the front cylinder 16 a and a first image sensor 3 disposed in the rear cylinder 16 b. 2 units 70.
- the first unit 60 has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment.
- the optical axes of the concave lens 9 and the plano-convex lens 10 are arranged so as to coincide with the central axis of the front tube 16a.
- the first unit 60 is provided integrally with the front cylinder 16a, and rotates around the central axis of the front cylinder 16a by rotating the front cylinder 16a in the circumferential direction. Thereby, the swingable direction of the first prism 11 with respect to the main body of the endoscope 100 is changed. That is, the direction in which the visual field can be changed is selected in an arbitrary direction such as a horizontal direction or a vertical direction with respect to the visual field.
- the second unit 70 includes a lens group 19 that transmits substantially parallel light emitted from the first unit 60 to the image sensor 3.
- Reference numeral 20 denotes a sealing glass that protects the imaging surface of the imaging device 3.
- the second unit 70 is provided integrally with the rear cylinder (rotation correction means) 16b. When the rear cylinder 16b rotates in the circumferential direction, the second unit 70 is also provided so as to be rotatable about the central axis of the rear cylinder 16b. At this time, the rear cylinder 16b is synchronized with the swing of the first prism 11 in the direction of correcting the rotation of the image with respect to the image sensor 3 by swinging the first prism 11. Rotate the same angle as 11.
- the distal end portion 16 is inserted into the abdominal cavity from a small hole previously drilled in the abdominal cavity while illuminating the front with a light guide (not shown). As a result, an endoscopic image in the abdominal cavity is displayed on the monitor 6. Then, by oscillating the first prism 11, it is possible to observe a visual field in a perspective direction with respect to the front direction of the front end surface.
- the direction in which the field of view can be changed is changed while the field of view is stationary on the monitor 6, and the field of view direction is changed to a desired direction such as a horizontal direction or a vertical direction. Can be directed.
- the direction of the visual field is changed without bending the bending portion 17.
- the distal end portion 16 can be prevented from obstructing the operation of the treatment tool, and a wide operation space for the treatment tool can be secured.
- an advantage Further, by swinging the first prism 11 in a state where the bending portion 16 is bent, there is an advantage that an intricate portion that has been difficult to observe conventionally can be observed from a desired direction.
- the light flux between the first unit 60 and the second unit 70 is substantially afocal. Therefore, even when the position of the second unit 70 is slightly deviated from the first unit 60 when the second unit 70 is rotated, a stable image is obtained by suppressing blurring of the focal point and image blurring. There is an advantage that can be obtained.
- the orientation of the imaging device 3 is kept constant with respect to the field of view, and thus the entire endoscope 100 is rotated in the circumferential direction.
- the endoscopic image displayed on the monitor 6 is kept constant in the vertical and horizontal directions.
- the image pickup device 3 and the lens group 19 are rotated in synchronization with the swing of the first prism 11, but instead, only the image pickup device 3 is rotated. Also good. Even in this case, the rotation of the image due to the swing of the first prism 11 can be corrected.
- a laparoscope having the distal end portion 16 and the curved portion 17 is used as the endoscope 100.
- a flexible endoscope may be used.
- the distal hard portion of the flexible endoscope includes an objective optical system that collects light from an object and an image sensor, and has an optical system configuration similar to that of the distal portion 16 of the endoscope 100 according to the present embodiment. is doing.
- Many flexible endoscopes include a channel for inserting a treatment tool in addition to an optical system for imaging, and a space in which the optical system can be disposed is limited with respect to the diameter. Therefore, the endoscope optical system 1 according to the present embodiment can also be suitably used for a flexible endoscope.
Abstract
Description
本発明の第1の態様は、入射光軸に沿って入射された光を該入射光軸に直交する第1の軸線に沿う方向に偏向して射出する第1のプリズムと、該第1のプリズムから射出された光を、前記第1の軸線に対して間隔を空けた第2の軸線に沿って折り返す2つの反射面を有する第2のプリズムと、該第2のプリズムにより折り返された光を、前記第1の軸線に直交しかつ前記入射光軸を含む平面に沿う方向に偏向する第3のプリズムとを備え、前記第1のプリズムが、前記第2のプリズムに対して前記第1の軸線回りに揺動可能に設けられ、前記第2のプリズムの前記2つの反射面が、相互に鈍角をなして配置されている内視鏡用光学系である。
また、第1のプリズムおよび第3のプリズムが、後段の他の光学系の光軸に沿う方向に配列され、かつ、第2のプリズムの反射面の成す角度が鈍角であるため、第2のプリズムの寸法が、内視鏡の径方向において比較的小さく抑えられる。これにより、内視鏡の先端部の径寸法を小さく抑えつつ、レンズや撮像素子等の他の光学系の径寸法が制限される不都合が解消され、画質の良好な内視鏡画像を得ることができる。
このようにすることで、第1および第3プリズムの形状を簡易にし、また、内視鏡の径方向において第2のプリズムの寸法をより小さくすることができる。
このようにすることで、第1のプリズムを揺動させたときに生じる、撮像部に対する像の回転を補正することができる。
このようにすることで、特に、内視鏡用光学系と撮像部とが先端部において近接して配置される構成の内視鏡において、像の回転を簡便にかつ精度良く補正することができる。
このようにすることで、光軸の位置ずれ等の不都合を防ぎながら、像の回転を簡便に補正することができる。
このようにすることで、レンズ群および撮像部を回転させたときに、これらが第3のプリズムに対して多少の位置ずれを生じても、像への影響を抑えることができる。
このようにすることで、像の回転を簡便に補正することができる。
このようにすることで、像の回転をより高い精度で補正することができる。
このようにすることで、イメージローテートプリズムから射出される光により正像を結像させることができる。
このようにすることで、像の向きを同一に保持しながら、第3のプリズムから射出された光を接眼光学系へ伝達することができる。
このようにすることで、撮像部の姿勢を視野に対して一定に保持したまま、第1のプリズムの揺動可能な方向を視野に対して変更して視野の変更可能な方向を変えることができる。
本発明の第3の態様によれば、視野の方向を可変にしながら、先端部の径寸法を小さく抑えつつ画質が良好な内視鏡画像を取得することができる。
本実施形態に係る内視鏡100は、図1に示されるように、挿入部に直筒状で硬性の鏡筒2を備える硬性内視鏡である。本実施形態に係る内視鏡用光学系1は、鏡筒2内に配置されている。
凹レンズ9および平凸レンズ10の光軸は、鏡筒2の長手方向に沿って同軸に配置されている。
接眼光学系50は、リレー光学系40の最終の結像面に形成された像を拡大し、かつ、平行光束として光を射出する接眼レンズ14を備えている。
本実施形態に係る内視鏡用光学系1を備える硬性内視鏡100を用いて体内を観察するには、ライトガイド8により前方を照明しながら内視鏡100を先端から体内へ挿入することにより、モニタ6上で体内の内視鏡画像を観察することができる。このときに、第1のプリズム11を揺動させることにより、視野方向を正面方向から斜め方向へ変更しながら体内を観察することができる。
また、第1および第3のプリズム11,13が、後段に配置された他の光学系40,50の光軸上に配置されている。また、第2のプリズム12に、斜面12bが相互になす角が鈍角である台形状のものを用い、第1のプリズム11から第3のプリズム13へ光を3回反射させて光を伝達する構成にすることにより、第2のプリズム12の寸法が鏡筒2の径方向において比較的小さく抑えられる。これにより、内視鏡100の先端部の外径寸法を小さくすることができるという利点がある。
また、イメージローテートプリズム15を用いることにより、第1のプリズム11を揺動させたときに生じる像の回転を簡易な構成でかつ高い精度で補正することができるという利点がある。
この場合、第1のプリズム11、第2のプリズム12および凹レンズ9は、第2の軸線B回りに揺動させられる。このようにしても、視野方向を可変にしながら、内視鏡100の径寸法を小さく抑えることができる。
例えば、内視鏡100の先端面の正面方向に対して0°、±30°、±45°および±90°に段階的に第1のプリズム11が揺動するようにしても、十分に広い視野を観察することができる。
例えば、図4に示されるように、断面が正三角形の角柱プリズムでもよく、図5に示されるように、異なる形状のプリズムを複数組み合わせたものでもよい。これらのプリズムも、入射光および射出光の光軸を中心に回転させることにより、像の回転を補正することができる。
第1のプリズム11と第3のプリズム13との間の距離を鏡筒2の長手方向に沿って離すことにより、第2のプリズム12内における反射回数は増加し、それとともに、第2のプリズム12の寸法を鏡筒2の径方向においてさらに縮小させることができる。
上記実施形態においては、イメージローテートプリズム15によって像の回転を補正することとしたが、プロセッサによって電気的に補正してもよい。
第1の実施形態と共通する構成については、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
本実施形態に係る内視鏡100は、図6に示されるように、物体からの光を集光して結像および撮像する光学系が配置された先端部16と、該先端部16の方向を変更する湾曲部17とを有する腹腔鏡が用いられる。本実施形態に係る内視鏡用光学系1は、先端部16内に配置されている。
先端部16の鏡筒は、先端側から順に前筒16aおよび後筒16bを備えている。前筒16aおよび後筒16bは、湾曲部17に対して互いに独立に周方向に回転可能に設けられている。湾曲部17は、操作者がハンドル18を操作することにより湾曲させられる。
本実施形態に係る内視鏡100を用いて腹腔内を観察するには、図示しないライトガイド等により前方を照明しながら、予め腹腔に穿孔した小孔から腹腔内へ先端部16を挿入することにより、モニタ6上に腹腔内の内視鏡画像が映し出される。そして、第1のプリズム11を揺動させることにより、先端面の正面方向に対して斜視方向の視野を観察することができる。また、前筒16aを周方向に回転させることにより、モニタ6上で視野を静止させた状態で、視野の変更可能な方向が変更され、左右方向または上下方向等、所望の方向に視野方向を向けることができる。
このようにしても、第1のプリズム11の揺動による像の回転を補正することができる。
軟性内視鏡の先端硬質部は、物体からの光を集光する対物光学系と撮像素子とを備え、本実施形態に係る内視鏡100の先端部16と同様の光学系の構成を有している。また、軟性内視鏡は、撮像するための光学系の他に処置具を挿通するためのチャネルを備えたものが多く、その径寸法に対して光学系を配置可能な空間が制限される。したがって、軟性内視鏡にも本実施形態に係る内視鏡用光学系1を好適に用いることができる。
2 鏡筒
2a カバーガラス
3 撮像素子(撮像部)
4 カメラヘッド
5 プロセッサ
6 モニタ
7 光源
8 ライトガイド
9 凹レンズ
10 平凸レンズ
11 第1のプリズム
12 第2のプリズム
12a 下底面
12b 斜面(反射面)
13 第3のプリズム
14 接眼レンズ
15 イメージローテートプリズム(回転補正手段)
16 先端部
16a 前筒
16b 後筒(回転補正手段)
17 湾曲部
18 ハンドル
19 レンズ群
20 封止ガラス
30 対物光学系
40 リレー光学系
50 接眼光学系
60 第1のユニット
70 第2のユニット
100 内視鏡
A 第1の軸線
B 第2の軸線
Claims (13)
- 入射光軸に沿って入射された光を該入射光軸に直交する第1の軸線に沿う方向に偏向して射出する第1のプリズムと、
該第1のプリズムから射出された光を、前記第1の軸線に対して間隔を空けた第2の軸線に沿って折り返す2つの反射面を有する第2のプリズムと、
該第2のプリズムにより折り返された光を、前記第1の軸線に直交しかつ前記入射光軸を含む平面に沿う方向に偏向する第3のプリズムとを備え、
前記第1のプリズムが、前記第2のプリズムに対して前記第1の軸線回りに揺動可能に設けられ、
前記第2のプリズムの前記2つの反射面が、相互に鈍角をなして配置されている内視鏡用光学系。 - 入射光軸に沿って入射された光を該入射光軸に交差する第1の軸線に沿う方向に偏向して射出する第1のプリズムと、
該第1のプリズムから射出された光を、前記第1の軸線に対して間隔を空け前記入射光軸に直交する第2の軸線に沿って折り返す2つの反射面を有する第2のプリズムと、
該第2のプリズムにより折り返された光を、前記第2の軸線に直交しかつ前記入射光軸を含む平面に沿う方向に偏向する第3のプリズムとを備え、
前記第1のプリズムおよび前記第2のプリズムが、前記第3のプリズムに対して前記第2の軸線回りに揺動可能に設けられ、
前記第2のプリズムの前記2つの反射面が、相互に鈍角をなして配置されている内視鏡用光学系。 - 前記第1および第3のプリズムが、入射された光を1回反射させ、
前記第2のプリズムが、光を3回以上かつ奇数回反射させる請求項1または請求項2に記載の内視鏡用光学系。 - 前記第3のプリズムからの射出光軸上に、該第3のプリズムから射出された光を結像して形成される像を撮像する撮像部を備え、
前記第1のプリズムの揺動に同期して、該第1のプリズムが揺動したときの前記像の前記撮像部に対する回転を補正する方向に、前記像を前記撮像素子に対して相対的に前記射出光軸回りに回転させる回転補正手段を備える請求項1または請求項2に記載の内視鏡用光学系。 - 前記回転補正手段が、前記撮像部を、前記射出光軸を中心に前記第1のプリズムと同一の揺動角度だけ回転させる請求項4に記載の内視鏡用光学系。
- 前記第3のプリズムと前記撮像部との間に配置され、前記第3のプリズムから射出された光を前記撮像部へ伝達するレンズ群を備え、
前記回転補正手段が、前記撮像部および前記レンズ群を一体で、前記射出光軸を中心に、前記第1のプリズムと同一の揺動角度だけ回転させる請求項4に記載の内視鏡用光学系。 - 前記第3のプリズムと前記レンズ群との間の光束が、略アフォーカル系である請求項6に記載の内視鏡用光学系。
- 前記回転補正手段は、所定の光軸に沿って光が入射および射出され、前記第3のプリズムと前記撮像部との間において前記所定の光軸が前記射出光軸上に配置され、前記所定の光軸を中心に回転可能に設けられたイメージローテートプリズムを備える請求項4に記載の内視鏡用光学系。
- 前記イメージローテートプリズムが、前記第1のプリズムの揺動角度の半分の角度だけ回転する請求項8に記載の内視鏡用光学系。
- 前記第1、第2および第3のプリズムが、全体で光を奇数回反射させる請求項8に記載の内視鏡用光学系。
- 前記第3のプリズムから射出された光を伝達するリレー光学系と、
該リレー光学系により伝達された光を結像して形成される像を観察する接眼光学系を備え、
該リレー光学系が、途中位置において光を偶数回結像させる請求項1または請求項2に記載の内視鏡用光学系。 - 前記第3のプリズムの射出光軸上に、前記第3のプリズムから射出された光を結像して形成される像を撮像する撮像部を備え、
前記第1、第2および第3のプリズムが、前記射出光軸を中心に前記撮像部に対して一体となって回転可能に設けられている請求項1または請求項2に記載の内視鏡用光学系。 - 請求項1から請求項12のいずれかに記載の内視鏡用光学系を挿入部の先端に備える内視鏡。
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JP2016530969A (ja) * | 2013-09-11 | 2016-10-06 | オリンパス ビンテル ウント イーベーエー ゲーエムベーハーOlympus Winter & Ibe Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | 視野方向が調整可能な内視鏡 |
JP2017510327A (ja) * | 2014-02-13 | 2017-04-13 | オリンパス ビンテル ウント イーベーエー ゲーエムベーハーOlympus Winter & Ibe Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | 旋回プリズム、プリズムマウント構成、及び視野方向が可変である内視鏡 |
WO2017010198A1 (ja) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-01-19 | オリンパス株式会社 | 内視鏡 |
JP6116780B1 (ja) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-04-19 | オリンパス株式会社 | 内視鏡 |
US10244925B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2019-04-02 | Olympus Corporation | Endoscope |
JP7403328B2 (ja) | 2020-01-22 | 2023-12-22 | 株式会社トプコン | 測量装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20110199471A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
EP2369395A1 (en) | 2011-09-28 |
EP2369395B1 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
US8072483B2 (en) | 2011-12-06 |
JPWO2011013518A1 (ja) | 2013-01-07 |
EP2369395A4 (en) | 2012-06-27 |
JP4746723B2 (ja) | 2011-08-10 |
CN102282496A (zh) | 2011-12-14 |
CN102282496B (zh) | 2013-06-19 |
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