WO2011027010A1 - Method for protecting human beings against electric discharges - Google Patents

Method for protecting human beings against electric discharges Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011027010A1
WO2011027010A1 PCT/ES2010/000145 ES2010000145W WO2011027010A1 WO 2011027010 A1 WO2011027010 A1 WO 2011027010A1 ES 2010000145 W ES2010000145 W ES 2010000145W WO 2011027010 A1 WO2011027010 A1 WO 2011027010A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
line
echo
irregularity
subsequent
permanent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2010/000145
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Juan Carlos Escobedo Molinos
Gabino Almonacid Puche
Pedro GÓMEZ VIDAL
Original Assignee
Universidad De Jaén
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad De Jaén filed Critical Universidad De Jaén
Publication of WO2011027010A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011027010A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to undesired approach to, or touching of, live parts by living beings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/16—Measuring impedance of element or network through which a current is passing from another source, e.g. cable, power line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0061—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning transmission of signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/40—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to ratio of voltage and current
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/11—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks using pulse reflection methods

Definitions

  • the impedance presented by the human body to the passage of the electric current is very variable, and depends on both the contact areas and the frequency and voltage. Considering voltages higher than 50 V., a value that begins to be dangerous for the human being, and considering the worst case of low frequencies or even continuous voltage, it is necessary to detect the presence of impedances of the order of 2,500 ohms in conductive lines that can have very low characteristic impedance values. For example, for a line with an impedance of 50 ohms, the intrusion of a human body would imply an impedance variation of less than 2%, a percentage that would be reduced even more if we wanted to detect in cases of voltages below 50 volts.
  • EP-1,357,386 describes a device that detects the presence of a human body in a line investigating its existence by analyzing the variation of impedance therein by injecting variable value voltages. This measurement must be carried out with the service-free line and with a precautionary interest.
  • US-5,481,195 describes a method for detecting faults and problems in an electric line by means of pulse injection, its mathematical analysis and the comparison with pre-established patterns of the lines under analysis.
  • the system is dynamic for lines in service and dependent on the standard values of the lines that are stored for different lengths of the same.
  • Document WO-2007 / 135.162 describes a method for detecting power line failures by comparing the initial impedance along it and the impedance presented at a given time. It allows to detect derivations between two phases of the line and failures that cause a 5% variation of the impedance of the same.
  • EP-0.268.391 A1 describes a method of analyzing the echoes received on a line in response to an interrogation signal and its subsequent comparison with a set of prior or optimal references of the line under analysis.
  • the analysis of the lines can be performed dynamically, in service conditions, by analyzing in real time the incidents on it.
  • Figure 3 is a flow chart depicting the steps of a process according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the application of the method according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Low intensity pulses are applied by a pulse generator 1 on a line 2 in service subjected to a continuous or alternating voltage by a generator 3.
  • the echoes returned by line 2 are recorded and compared over time in a recorder and comparator 4
  • the analysis of the first and successive echoes produced allows eliminating the casuistry of possible transient signals or induced noise, and at the same time deciding whether its permanent character is indicative of the presence of an irregularity in an area of the line where Eventuality is not allowed.
  • a characteristic of the process according to the present invention is that the system used is dynamic, with the ability to adapt to evolutionary situations of the line such as the gradual variation of its characteristics, pursuing the protection of the untimely intrusion of human operators and in addition detecting the appearance of derivations of all kinds between its active phases without intervention of the earth. Additionally, the dynamic analysis of the line can be carried out in a time less than the potentially dangerous for the human being, since the interrogation of the line can be carried out at high frequency and the results can be analyzed in real time through the appropriate use of circuits and microprocessors known to those skilled in the art.
  • FIG. 2 A block diagram of a device useful for practicing a method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is seen in Figure 2.
  • the pulse generator sends a low intensity pulse train on a line in service, which returns an echo to each of the pulses sent.
  • the voltage measuring device and the analog-to-digital converter prepare the signals for later analysis and comparison, and according to this preferred embodiment, store them in a memory. Subsequently, in the comparator the first echo returned by the line is compared with each of the subsequent echoes, allowing the casuistry of possible transient signals to be eliminated, deciding whether there is a permanent irregularity.
  • FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of a method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • a pulse train is sent on the line and the received echoes are stored.
  • the differences between successive echoes are analyzed, thus evaluating the existence of a permanent derivation outside any impulsive signal or random noise present in the line.
  • each echo received n + 1, n + 2, n + 3, ... n + m is compared with the first echo n received from the pulse train.
  • the sequence is restarted with a new pulse train. Every time a subsequent echo is other than the first echo n, an alarm of increasing level is created.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for protecting human beings against electric shocks. The method is used to detect power being passed through a human body that is insulated from the earth or has no earth connection, said method comprising the following steps consisting in: applying a train of low-intensity pulses over a line in service, and comparing the echoes of the pulses returned by the line over time. In this way, the first echo can be compared with subsequent echoes in order to eliminate the case-based examination of possible transient signals, deciding whether any permanent irregularity exists.

Description

PROCEDIMIENTO DE PROTECCIÓN CONTRA DESCARGAS ELÉCTRICAS EN  PROTECTION PROCEDURE AGAINST ELECTRICAL SHOCK IN
SERES HUMANOS  HUMANS
Campo de la invención Field of the Invention
La presente invención se refiere al campo de la protección contra descargas eléctricas. Concretamente, la invención se aplica a la protección de seres humanos contra descargas eléctricas fortuitas estando el ser humano aislado de tierra o sin derivación a tierra. The present invention relates to the field of protection against electric shock. Specifically, the invention is applied to the protection of human beings against fortuitous electrical discharges being the human being isolated from earth or without derivation to earth.
Antecedentes de la invención Las descargas eléctricas a través del cuerpo humano son origen de graves accidentes que con frecuencia ocasionan la muerte de quienes las sufren. Mientras que la detección de derivaciones de energía eléctrica a través del cuerpo humano entre conductores activos y tierra está plenamente resuelta con el uso de medidores e interruptores diferenciales, no es posible la detección simple e inmediata de la derivación de energía a través de un cuerpo humano, sometido a una fortuita diferencia de potencial entre alguno de sus miembros o algunas partes de su cuerpo, estando aislado de tierra o sin derivación a tierra. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Electrical discharges through the human body are the origin of serious accidents that often cause the death of those who suffer them. While the detection of electrical energy shunts through the human body between active conductors and earth is fully resolved with the use of differential meters and switches, simple and immediate detection of the energy shunt through a human body is not possible. , subject to a fortuitous difference in potential between any of its members or some parts of its body, being isolated from land or without grounding.
La impedancia presentada por el cuerpo humano al paso de la corriente eléctrica es muy variable, y depende tanto de las zonas de contacto como de la frecuencia y tensión. Considerando tensiones superiores a 50 V., valor que empieza a ser peligroso para el ser humano, y considerando el caso peor de bajas frecuencias o incluso de tensión continua, es necesario detectar la presencia de impedancias del orden de 2.500 ohmios en líneas conductoras que pueden presentar muy bajos valores de impedancia característica. Por ejemplo, para una línea con una impedancia de 50 ohmios, la intromisión de un cuerpo humano implicaría una variación de impedancia inferior al 2%, porcentaje que se reduciría aún más si deseáramos detectar en casos de tensiones inferiores a los 50 voltios. Por tanto, se precisa una capacidad de detección de variaciones muy someras en la red, con la fiabilidad suficiente para poder tomar decisiones automáticas que salvaguarden la vida de la persona en riesgo. Existen aplicaciones prácticas para la detección de eventos en las líneas, incluso la detección de presencia humana en las mismas. Por ejemplo, el documento EP-1.357.386 describe un dispositivo que detecta la presencia de un cuerpo humano en una línea investigando su existencia mediante el análisis de la variación de impedancia en la misma inyectando tensiones de valor variable. Esta medición debe realizarse con la línea libre de tensión de servicio y con un interés precautorio. The impedance presented by the human body to the passage of the electric current is very variable, and depends on both the contact areas and the frequency and voltage. Considering voltages higher than 50 V., a value that begins to be dangerous for the human being, and considering the worst case of low frequencies or even continuous voltage, it is necessary to detect the presence of impedances of the order of 2,500 ohms in conductive lines that can have very low characteristic impedance values. For example, for a line with an impedance of 50 ohms, the intrusion of a human body would imply an impedance variation of less than 2%, a percentage that would be reduced even more if we wanted to detect in cases of voltages below 50 volts. Therefore, a capacity for detecting very slight variations in the network is required, with sufficient reliability to be able to make automatic decisions that safeguard the life of the person at risk. There are practical applications for the detection of events on the lines, including the detection of human presence in the lines. For example, EP-1,357,386 describes a device that detects the presence of a human body in a line investigating its existence by analyzing the variation of impedance therein by injecting variable value voltages. This measurement must be carried out with the service-free line and with a precautionary interest.
El documento US-5.481.195 describe un método para detectar fallos y problemas en una línea eléctrica mediante la inyección de pulsos, su análisis matemático y la comparación con patrones preestablecidos de las líneas bajo análisis. El sistema es dinámico para líneas en servicio y dependiente de los valores patrones de las líneas que se encuentran almacenados para diferentes longitudes de la misma. El documento WO-2007/135.162 describe un método para detectar fallos en las líneas eléctricas comparando la impedancia inicial a lo largo de la misma y la impedancia presentada en un determinado momento. Permite detectar derivaciones entre dos fases de la línea y fallos que ocasionen una variación del 5% de la impedancia de la misma. El documento EP-0.268.391 A1 describe un método de análisis de los ecos recibidos en una línea como respuesta a una señal de interrogación y su posterior comparación con un conjunto de referencias previas u óptimas de la línea bajo análisis. US-5,481,195 describes a method for detecting faults and problems in an electric line by means of pulse injection, its mathematical analysis and the comparison with pre-established patterns of the lines under analysis. The system is dynamic for lines in service and dependent on the standard values of the lines that are stored for different lengths of the same. Document WO-2007 / 135.162 describes a method for detecting power line failures by comparing the initial impedance along it and the impedance presented at a given time. It allows to detect derivations between two phases of the line and failures that cause a 5% variation of the impedance of the same. EP-0.268.391 A1 describes a method of analyzing the echoes received on a line in response to an interrogation signal and its subsequent comparison with a set of prior or optimal references of the line under analysis.
Existen otras patentes como el documento US 6.038.115 y el documento WO 89/711.747 que describen dispositivos que impiden el suministro de corriente en una línea cuando se detecta previamente una alta impedancia en la misma, a modo de medida precautoria. There are other patents such as US 6,038,115 and WO 89 / 711,747 that describe devices that prevent the supply of current in a line when a high impedance in it is previously detected, as a precautionary measure.
Sigue existiendo en la técnica la necesidad de un procedimiento de protección contra descargas eléctricas en seres humanos que permita detectar una variación de la impedancia en una línea lo más baja posible, al tiempo que permita eliminar la casuística de posibles señales transitorias o ruido de la línea. There is still a need in the art for a protection procedure against electric shock in humans that allows detecting a variation of the impedance in a line as low as possible, while eliminating the casuistry of possible transient signals or line noise .
Sumario de la invención Summary of the invention
La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento para la protección contra descargas eléctricas en seres humanos. Dicho procedimiento sirve para detectar la derivación de energía a través de un cuerpo humano aislado de tierra o sin derivación a tierra, y comprende las etapas de aplicar un tren de pulsos de baja intensidad en una línea en servicio y comparar los ecos de los pulsos devueltos por la línea en el tiempo. De ese modo la comparación del primer eco con los posteriores permite eliminar la casuística de posibles señales transitorias, decidiendo si existe una irregularidad permanente. The present invention relates to a method for protection against electric shock in humans. Said procedure serves to detect the derivation of energy through a human body isolated from ground or without grounding, and comprises the steps of applying a low intensity pulse train on a line in service and comparing the echoes of the pulses returned by the line over time. In this way, the comparison of the first echo with the subsequent echoes makes it possible to eliminate the casuistry of possible transient signals, deciding whether there is a permanent irregularity.
Según el procedimiento de la presente invención, el análisis de las líneas puede realizarse dinámicamente, en condiciones de servicio, analizando en tiempo real las incidencias sobre la misma. According to the method of the present invention, the analysis of the lines can be performed dynamically, in service conditions, by analyzing in real time the incidents on it.
Breve descripción de los dibujos Brief description of the drawings
La presente invención se entenderá mejor con referencia a los siguientes dibujos que ilustran una realización preferida de la invención, proporcionada a modo de ejemplo, y que no debe interpretarse como limitativa de la invención de ninguna manera. The present invention will be better understood with reference to the following drawings illustrating a preferred embodiment of the invention, provided by way of example, and which should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
La figura 1 representa esquemáticamente la aplicación del procedimiento según una realización preferida de la presente invención en una línea de transmisión. Figure 1 schematically represents the application of the method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention in a transmission line.
La figura 2 muestra un diagrama de bloques de un dispositivo útil para poner en práctica un procedimiento según una realización preferida de la invención. Figure 2 shows a block diagram of a device useful for practicing a method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
La figura 3 es un diagrama de flujo que representa las etapas de un procedimiento según una realización preferida de la presente invención. Figure 3 is a flow chart depicting the steps of a process according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Descripción detallada de las realizaciones preferidas Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
La figura 1 muestra esquemáticamente la aplicación del procedimiento según la realización preferida de la presente invención. Se aplican pulsos de baja intensidad mediante un generador de pulsos 1 en una línea 2 en servicio sometida a una tensión continua o alterna mediante un generador 3. Los ecos devueltos por la línea 2 se registran y comparan en el tiempo en un registrador y comparador 4. En el momento de producirse alguna derivación o incidencia, aunque sea de carácter somero, el análisis del primero y sucesivos ecos producidos permite eliminar la casuística de posibles señales transitorias o ruido inducido, y al mismo tiempo decidir si su carácter permanente es indicativo de la presencia de una irregularidad en un una zona de la línea en la que tal eventualidad no está permitida. Figure 1 schematically shows the application of the method according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Low intensity pulses are applied by a pulse generator 1 on a line 2 in service subjected to a continuous or alternating voltage by a generator 3. The echoes returned by line 2 are recorded and compared over time in a recorder and comparator 4 At the time of occurrence of a derivation or incidence, even if it is of a shallow nature, the analysis of the first and successive echoes produced allows eliminating the casuistry of possible transient signals or induced noise, and at the same time deciding whether its permanent character is indicative of the presence of an irregularity in an area of the line where Eventuality is not allowed.
Igualmente puede realizarse un balance de energías devueltas por la línea, de forma que se asegura la existencia de la irregularidad, eliminando la posibilidad de señales de ruido inducidas. Sirve así de contraste para delimitar el alcance de la irregularidad a detectar, siendo en este caso la presencia de un ser humano. Likewise, a balance of energies returned by the line can be performed, so that the existence of irregularity is ensured, eliminating the possibility of induced noise signals. It serves as a contrast to delimit the scope of the irregularity to be detected, being in this case the presence of a human being.
Una característica del procedimiento según la presente invención es que el sistema empleado es dinámico, con capacidad de adaptación a situaciones evolutivas de la línea como pueden ser la variación gradual de sus características, persiguiendo la protección de la intrusión intempestiva de operadores humanos y de forma añadida detectando la aparición de derivaciones de toda índole entre sus fases activas sin intervención de la tierra. Adicionalmente, el análisis dinámico de la línea puede realizarse en un tiempo inferior al potencialmente peligroso para el ser humano, ya que la interrogación de la línea puede efectuarse a elevada frecuencia y analizarse los resultados en tiempo real mediante el uso adecuado de circuitos y de microprocesadores conocidos por los expertos en la técnica. A characteristic of the process according to the present invention is that the system used is dynamic, with the ability to adapt to evolutionary situations of the line such as the gradual variation of its characteristics, pursuing the protection of the untimely intrusion of human operators and in addition detecting the appearance of derivations of all kinds between its active phases without intervention of the earth. Additionally, the dynamic analysis of the line can be carried out in a time less than the potentially dangerous for the human being, since the interrogation of the line can be carried out at high frequency and the results can be analyzed in real time through the appropriate use of circuits and microprocessors known to those skilled in the art.
En la figura 2 se observa un diagrama de bloques de un dispositivo útil para poner en práctica un procedimiento según una realización preferida de la invención. El generador de pulsos envía un tren de pulsos de baja intensidad en una línea en servicio, la cual devuelve un eco a cada uno de los pulsos enviados. El dispositivo de medición de tensiones y el convertidor analógico-digital preparan las señales para su posterior análisis y comparación, y según esta realización preferida, las almacenan en una memoria. Posteriormente, en el comparador se compara el primer eco devuelto por la línea con cada uno de los ecos posteriores permitiendo eliminar la casuística de posibles señales transitorias, decidiendo si existe una irregularidad permanente. A block diagram of a device useful for practicing a method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is seen in Figure 2. The pulse generator sends a low intensity pulse train on a line in service, which returns an echo to each of the pulses sent. The voltage measuring device and the analog-to-digital converter prepare the signals for later analysis and comparison, and according to this preferred embodiment, store them in a memory. Subsequently, in the comparator the first echo returned by the line is compared with each of the subsequent echoes, allowing the casuistry of possible transient signals to be eliminated, deciding whether there is a permanent irregularity.
La lógica de control que gobierna este procedimiento se describe a continuación con relación a la figura 3, que muestra un diagrama de flujo de un procedimiento según una realización preferida de la presente invención. En primer lugar, se envía un tren de pulsos en la línea y se almacenan los ecos recibidos. En tiempo real se analizan las diferencias entre los sucesivos ecos, evaluando así la existencia de una derivación permanente ajena a cualquier señal impulsiva o de ruido aleatorio presente en la línea. Se observa que se compara cada eco recibido n+1 , n+2, n+3,... n+m posterior con el primer eco n recibido del tren de pulsos. Cuando se encuentra un eco posterior igual al primer eco n, se reinicia la secuencia con un nuevo tren de pulsos. Cada vez que un eco posterior es distinto del primer eco n, se crea una alarma de nivel creciente. Se fija un nivel de alarma indicativo de una irregularidad permanente ajena, representando todos los niveles de alarma inferiores ruido aleatorio de la línea. Según una realización más preferida de la presente invención, mediante la detección en tiempo real de este pulso se inicia el proceso que se precise para salvaguardar la integridad del personal que fortuitamente ha intervenido sobre la línea, tal como por ejemplo impedir el suministro de corriente en una línea cuando se detecta una irregularidad permanente. The control logic that governs this procedure is described below in relation to Figure 3, which shows a flow chart of a method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. First, a pulse train is sent on the line and the received echoes are stored. In real time, the differences between successive echoes are analyzed, thus evaluating the existence of a permanent derivation outside any impulsive signal or random noise present in the line. It is observed that each echo received n + 1, n + 2, n + 3, ... n + m is compared with the first echo n received from the pulse train. When a subsequent echo equal to the first echo n is found, the sequence is restarted with a new pulse train. Every time a subsequent echo is other than the first echo n, an alarm of increasing level is created. An alarm level indicative of a permanent alien irregularity is set, representing all lower alarm levels random noise of the line. According to a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the real-time detection of this pulse begins the process required to safeguard the integrity of personnel who have accidentally intervened on the line, such as for example preventing the supply of current in a line when a permanent irregularity is detected.
El procedimiento según la presente invención es aplicable tanto a líneas de conducción en corriente continua como en corriente alterna, y puede detectar variaciones de impedancia inferiores al 2% en la línea lo que garantiza la detección de presencia humana y su posible salvaguarda. The method according to the present invention is applicable to both direct current and alternating current conduction lines, and can detect impedance variations of less than 2% in the line, which guarantees the detection of human presence and its possible safeguard.
En una realización aún más preferida de la presente invención, el procedimiento comprende además almacenar en memoria eventos producidos en la línea. In an even more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises storing events produced in the line in memory.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
Procedimiento para la protección contra descargas eléctricas en seres humanos, caracterizado porque comprende las etapas de: Procedure for protection against electric shock in humans, characterized in that it comprises the stages of:
- aplicar un tren de pulsos de baja intensidad en una línea en servicio; y comparar los ecos de los pulsos devueltos por la línea en el tiempo permitiendo la comparación del primer eco con los posteriores eliminar la casuística de posibles señales transitorias para decidir si existe una irregularidad permanente, y pudiendo realizarse el procedimiento dinámicamente, en condiciones de servicio.  - apply a low intensity pulse train on a line in service; and compare the echoes of the pulses returned by the line in time allowing the comparison of the first echo with the subsequent ones to eliminate the casuistry of possible transient signals to decide if there is a permanent irregularity, and the procedure can be performed dynamically, in service conditions.
Procedimiento según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque se compara con el eco del primer pulso del tren cada uno de los ecos de los pulsos posteriores, constituyendo cada eco posterior diferente del primero un nivel de alarma creciente. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that each echo of the subsequent pulses is compared with the echo of the first pulse of the train, each subsequent echo different from the first being an increasing alarm level.
Procedimiento según la reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque se fija un nivel de alarma indicativo de una irregularidad permanente ajena, representando todos los niveles de alarma inferiores ruido aleatorio de la línea. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that an alarm level indicative of an alien permanent irregularity is set, representing all lower alarm levels random noise of the line.
Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque cuando el eco del primer pulso es igual al eco de un pulso posterior, vuelve a iniciarse el procedimiento aplicando un nuevo tren de pulsos de baja intensidad en la línea. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that when the echo of the first pulse is equal to the echo of a subsequent pulse, the procedure is started again by applying a new low intensity pulse train in the line.
Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque detecta variaciones de impedancia inferiores al 2% en la línea. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it detects impedance variations of less than 2% in the line.
Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque comprende además realizar un balance de energías devueltas por la línea, de modo que puede delimitarse el alcance de la irregularidad que va a detectarse. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises performing a balance of energies returned by the line, so that the scope of the irregularity to be detected can be defined.
Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque comprende además almacenar en memoria eventos producidos en la línea. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises storing events produced in the line in memory.
8. Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque comprende además impedir el suministro de corriente en una línea cuando se detecta una irregularidad permanente. 8. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized because it also includes preventing the supply of current in a line when a permanent irregularity is detected.
PCT/ES2010/000145 2009-09-02 2010-03-25 Method for protecting human beings against electric discharges WO2011027010A1 (en)

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ES200901836A ES2364492B1 (en) 2009-09-02 2009-09-02 PROTECTION PROCEDURE AGAINST ELECTRICAL SHOCK IN HUMAN BEINGS.
ESP200901836 2009-09-02

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