WO2011087997A1 - Fluoropolymer coating for glass and articles including the same - Google Patents
Fluoropolymer coating for glass and articles including the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011087997A1 WO2011087997A1 PCT/US2011/020729 US2011020729W WO2011087997A1 WO 2011087997 A1 WO2011087997 A1 WO 2011087997A1 US 2011020729 W US2011020729 W US 2011020729W WO 2011087997 A1 WO2011087997 A1 WO 2011087997A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- primer composition
- colloidal silica
- silica particles
- primer
- particles
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000004446 fluoropolymer coating Substances 0.000 title description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920005548 perfluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KHXKESCWFMPTFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F KHXKESCWFMPTFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)F BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006117 anti-reflective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001553 barium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001785 cerium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- WZXYXXWJPMLRGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WZXYXXWJPMLRGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002432 poly(vinyl methyl ether) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013047 polymeric layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C09D127/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
- B05D5/083—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface involving the use of fluoropolymers
- B05D5/086—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface involving the use of fluoropolymers having an anchoring layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
- C03C17/007—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character containing a dispersed phase, e.g. particles, fibres or flakes, in a continuous phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/3405—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of organic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/002—Priming paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
- C09D7/67—Particle size smaller than 100 nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2203/00—Other substrates
- B05D2203/30—Other inorganic substrates, e.g. ceramics, silicon
- B05D2203/35—Glass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/52—Two layers
- B05D7/53—Base coat plus clear coat type
- B05D7/534—Base coat plus clear coat type the first layer being let to dry at least partially before applying the second layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
- C03C2217/44—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the composition of the continuous phase
- C03C2217/445—Organic continuous phases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
- C03C2217/46—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase
- C03C2217/47—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase consisting of a specific material
- C03C2217/475—Inorganic materials
- C03C2217/478—Silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
Definitions
- the present disclosure broadly relates to fluoropolymer coatings.
- Fluoropolymers are well known to be an important family of organic materials in industry as they typically provide high thermal stability, excellent chemical resistance, good film strength, low absorption of UV and visible light at a very broad region and low energy surfaces.
- Fluoropolymers that are perfluorinated and thermoplastic known in the art as fluoroplastics or fluorothermoplastics, are typically inert to nearly all chemicals and solvents, even at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacting only with strong reducing agents such as molten alkali metals.
- their high crystallinity leads to relatively low gas and moisture permeability, so they act as excellent barrier resins.
- Their low surface energies and coefficients of friction against other materials lead to the well-known anti-stick applications.
- Their extremely low refractive indices and optical clarity make them useful in optical applications including antireflective coatings.
- Fluoroplastic copolymers of monomers comprising tetrafluoroethylene and a perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) are collectively known in that art by the abbreviation "PFA".
- PFA includes copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene with a perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) (e.g., perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether)) as well as copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene with a perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) and one or more additional perfluorinated monomers (e.g., hexafluoropropy lene) .
- Fluoropolymers have been used to coat glass substrates such as light bulbs for shattering prevention when light bulbs break, to coat metallic substrates for anti-stick properties (e.g., cookware, bakeware), and also for corrosion protection in industrial applications (chemical tanks, exhaust ducts).
- anti-stick properties e.g., cookware, bakeware
- corrosion protection in industrial applications e.g., chemical tanks, exhaust ducts
- the present disclosure provides a primer composition comprising PFA polymer particles and colloidal silica particles dispersed in a vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle, wherein the primer composition has a weight ratio of the colloidal silica particles to the PFA polymer particles is less than or equal to 0.6, and wherein the primer composition contains less than one part by weight of: a) non- vaporizable organic compounds having at least one C-H bond; and b) inorganic particles having a mean particle size of greater than one micrometer.
- the weight ratio of the colloidal silica particles to the PFA polymer particles is greater than or equal to 0.3.
- the colloidal silica particles have a mean particle size of 4 to 45 nanometers (nm) or 4 to 20 nm.
- the primer composition consists essentially of the PFA polymer particles, the colloidal silica particles, and the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle.
- the primer composition has a solids content of from one to ten percent.
- the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle is free of vaporizable organic solvent.
- the present disclosure provides an article comprising a substrate having a glass surface with a primer layer disposed on at least a portion thereof, wherein the primer layer is formed by at least partially drying a primer composition according to the present disclosure.
- the article further comprises a fluoropolymeric layer coated on the primer layer.
- the substrate comprises a light bulb.
- the substrate comprises at least one of a solar cell, a mirror, a window, or a solar thermal collector.
- the present disclosure provides a method comprising: contacting the primer composition according to the present disclosure with a glass surface of a substrate, and at least partially evaporating the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle to provide a primer layer.
- the method further comprises coating a fluoropolymeric layer on the primer layer.
- primer compositions according to the present disclosure have good adhesion to glass and good optical transparency, and may provide a suitable surface for further fluoropolymer protective coatings such as, for example, a PFA layer. Further, in typical embodiments the primer compositions are resistant to coloration due to thermal oxidation and/or light (e.g., weathering).
- aqueous means containing more than an adventitious amount of water (e.g., at least about 1, 5, 10, or even at least about 20 percent by weight of water, or more).
- inorganic refers to chemical compounds that are not organic; for clarity as used herein it expressly includes all elemental forms of carbon.
- non-vaporizable means not vaporizable
- organic refers to chemical compounds having at least one carbon- hydrogen (i.e., C-H) bond.
- perfluoroplastic means a thermoplastic perfluoropolymer
- perfluoropolymer means a polymer wherein all hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine atoms.
- vaporizable means evaporable at a temperature of less than 150°C at a pressure of one atmosphere (0.1 MPa).
- Fig. 1 is a side view of an exemplary article according to the present disclosure. While the above-identified drawing figures set forth several embodiments of the present disclosure, other embodiments are also contemplated, as noted in the discussion. In all cases, this disclosure presents the disclosure by way of representation and not limitation. It should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of the principles of the disclosure. The figures may not be drawn to scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
- the primer composition comprises PFA particles, typically dispersed in the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle in latex form, although other dispersions (e.g., which may be metastable) may also be used.
- PFA dispersions are well known; for example, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,132,123 (Harris et al); 4,029,868 (Carlson); 4,078,134 (Kuhls et al); and 4,078,135 (Sulzbach et al).
- the PFA fluoropolymer comprises 92-99.5 percent, more typically 96-99 percent of
- Aqueous PFA dispersions are commercially available under the trade designation TEFLON PFA from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. of Wilmington, DE; for example, as TE-7224, 857N-110, 857N-210, 858N-916, and 858N-917. Combinations of two or more PFA particles may be used.
- PFA dispersions are stable over a pH range of from 1 to 11 , although other pH values may also be used.
- the primer composition has a total PFA content of from 0.1 to 40 percent by weight, more typically 2 to 25 percent by weight based on the total weight of the primer composition, although other amounts can be used.
- the primer composition may contain one or more additional perfluoropolymer particles.
- additional perfluoropolymer particles include polytetrafluoroethylene particles, polyhexafluoropropylene particles, and poly(hexafluoropropylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (FEP) particles.
- FEP poly(hexafluoropropylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene)
- the optional additional perfluoropolymer particles may be provided as a latex or other type of dispersion; for example, prepared according to known methods or obtained from commercial sources.
- the optional perfluoropolymer particles are present in a weight ratio of PFA:optional perfluoropolymer particles in a range of from 1 :4 to 4: 1 , more typically in a weight ratio of from 3:7 to 7:3.
- the silica particles typically have a mean particle size of less than about 150 nm, although larger mean particle sizes may be used if they can be suspended in the primer composition. Typically, the silica particles have a mean particle size in a range of from 4 to 45 nm, more typically in a range of from 4 to 20 nm.
- the term "silica particle” refers to silica particles that do not have any covalently bound organic surface group(s).
- the silica particles are typically provided in a colloidal dispersion (e.g., as a sol), although this is not a requirement. Colloidal silica particles are available in acidic or basic forms, and either form may be utilized.
- colloidal silica particles include, for example, partially neutralization of an alkali-silicate solution. More typically, colloidal silica dispersions are provided from commercial suppliers; for example, under the trade designation LUDOX from W.R. Grace of Columbia, MD; or as NALCO 1034A colloidal silica (NALCO 1034A), NALCO 1129 colloidal silica (NALCO 1129), NALCO 2327 colloidal silica (NALCO 2327), NALCO 2326 colloidal silica (NALCO 2326), and NALCO 1140 colloidal silica (NALCO 1140), all available from Nalco Chemical Company of Naperville, IL.
- NALCO 1034A colloidal silica
- NALCO 1129 colloidal silica
- NALCO 2327 colloidal silica
- NALCO 2326 NALCO 2326
- NALCO 1140 colloidal silica
- NALCO 1034A has a mean particle size of 20 nm and a silica content of approximately 34 percent by weight in water with a pH of approximately 3.1.
- NALCO 1129 has a mean particle size of 20 nm and an Si0 2 content of approximately 30 percent by weight in a solution of 40 percent isopropanol and 30 percent water.
- NALCO 2327 has a mean particle size of 20 nm and a silica content of approximately 40 percent by weight in water with a pH of approximately 9.3, and ammonium as the stabilizing ion.
- NALCO 2326 has a mean particle size of 5 nm and a silica content of approximately 14.5 percent by weight in water with a pH of approximately 9.0, and ammonium as the stabilizing ion.
- NALCO 1140 has a mean particle size of 15 nm and a silica content of approximately 40 percent by weight in water with a pH of approximately 9.7, and sodium as the stabilizing ion.
- the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle comprises water and optionally one or more organic solvents, typically volatile organic solvents, in amounts such that the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle forms a single phase.
- organic solvents include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, 2-methoxyethanol, glyme, and tetrahydrofuran.
- the vaporizable aqueous liquid phase is essentially free of (e.g., contains less than one percent by weight) volatile organic solvents.
- the concentration of organic solvent ranges from 0 to 40 percent by weight based on the weight of the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle.
- the primer composition may have any pH that renders the composition stable enough for its intended use as a primer composition. Typically, the pH is in a range of from about 9 to about 11, although other pH values may also be useful.
- the primer composition may have any solids content; for example, from about 2 percent to about 20 percent by weight based on the total weight of the primer composition, although other amounts may also be used.
- a surfactant may be added to the primer composition.
- useful surfactants include ionic surfactants such as, for example, sodium
- the primer composition is typically made by combining with mixing the PFA particles and silica particles as aqueous dispersions, although other methods may be used.
- pH for the primer composition is kept at 9 or higher, however this may vary depending on the dispersions used.
- Primer compositions according to the present disclosure are typically applied to a glass surface of a substrate and at least partially dried to form a primer layer, more typically essentially completely dried.
- the term “dried” refers to removal of the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle as a whole, not just water.
- the primer composition may be disposed on the glass surface by any suitable method, such as for example, dip coating, spray coating, brushing, curtain coating, knife coating, squeegee, bar coating, or wiping.
- the primer composition is at least partially dried to remove at least some, typically essentially all, of the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle. Drying may be facilitated, for example, by air flow assisted evaporation, heating, and/or reduced pressure.
- a fluoropolymeric layer is then disposed on the primer layer.
- exemplary article 100 comprises substrate 110 having glass surface 115, primer layer 120 disposed on glass surface 115, and fluoropolymeric layer 130 disposed on primer layer 120.
- the substrate has a glass surface on which the primer composition is disposed, although not all surfaces of the substrate need be glass.
- the primer composition may be disposed on a portion of the glass surface or the entire glass surface.
- the primer composition may be deployed on at least a portion of one or more additional surface(s) of the substrate in addition to the glass surface.
- glass refers to a non-crystalline transparent or translucent material formable by fusing silica, optionally with additional compounds (e.g., soda and lime, lead compounds, boron compounds, barium compounds, rare earth compounds, iron compounds, and cerium compounds) followed by rapid cooling.
- additional compounds e.g., soda and lime, lead compounds, boron compounds, barium compounds, rare earth compounds, iron compounds, and cerium compounds
- Exemplary glasses include soda-lime glasses and borosilicate glasses.
- Exemplary substrates having glass surfaces include light bulbs, windows, cookware (e.g., saucepans, skillets), bakeware (e.g., PYREX baking dishes), solar cells, thermal solar collectors, windshields, and mirrors (e.g., solar reflectors).
- cookware e.g., saucepans, skillets
- bakeware e.g., PYREX baking dishes
- solar cells thermal solar collectors
- windshields e.g., solar reflectors
- mirrors e.g., solar reflectors.
- application of a PFA layer to the primer layer may provide shatter resistance.
- the PFA layer may serve to contain the glass shards, and mercury in the case of fluorescent tubes or compact fluorescent light bulbs.
- the perfluoropolymeric layer comprises at least one perfluoropolymer.
- the fluoropolymeric layer is essentially free of (e.g., contains less than one percent by weight) of polymers having C-H bonds, although this is not a requirement.
- the perfluoropolymeric layer may include additional components such as, for example, fillers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, surfactants, and colorants. Examples of suitable fillers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, surfactants, and colorants. Examples of suitable
- perfluoropolymers include FEP and PFA.
- the polymeric layer may be applied to the primer layer, for example, as a dispersion or extruded directly onto the primer layer.
- primer compositions, articles, and methods according to the present disclosure can solve problems such as a lack of high transmission of light of existing PFA bonding primers, improve mechanical properties PFA coatings, and improve adhesion strength of perfluoroplastics to glass surfaces.
- NALCO 1115 (15 weight percent solids, 4 nanometer average particle size colloidal silica), NALCO 2326 (14.5 weight percent silica, 5 nm average particle size colloidal silica), and NALCO 2327 (40 weight percent silica, 20 nm average particle size) were obtained from the Nalco Chemical Company of Naperville, IL.
- DYNEON PFA 6900 N PFA dispersion 120 nm mean particle size, 50 weight percent solids was obtained from 3M Dyneon of Oakdale, MN.
- Soda lime glass slides were obtained from VWR International of West Chester, PA, and were pretreated by gentle scrubbing with BAB-0 powdered cleanser from Fitzpatrick Bros., Inc. of Chicago, IL, and subsequently washed thoroughly with deionized water before use.
- NALCO 1115 silica dispersion (1.0 grams (g), 4 nm mean particle size, 15 weight percent solids) was diluted with 9 g of water. To the diluted dispersion was added
- a commercially available light bulb (General Electric 40 watt tungsten filament) was rinsed with water and dried by air. To the surface was applied (by dip coating) the aqueous liquid primer described above except the neck area of the light bulb. This provided an area where the PFA coating would not adhere to the glass in order to create a tab for the peel test.
- the coated light bulb was dried in an oven at 100°C for an hour.
- the light bulb was then electrostatically powder coated with Dyneon PFA 6503B EPC powder (PFA powder from Dyneon LLC) using a Nordson SURECOAT manual powder coating system (from Nordson Corp. of Westlake, OH) at 70 volts, 150 kPa airflow until no bare glass was visible.
- the light bulb was then baked in an air circulating oven at 750°F (400°C) for 10 minutes. Upon removal from the oven, the light bulb sample was cooled to room temperature. The resulting PFA-coated light bulb was clear, the interfacial adhesion between PFA layer and primed glass surface exhibited excellent adhesion compared with the interface between PFA layer and unprimed neck area where no adhesion was observed.
- a commercially available light bulb (General Electric 40 watt tungsten filament) was rinsed with water and dried by air.
- PRIMER COMPOSITION 1 was applied to the light bulb as before, except that the entire surface of the bulb was coated.
- the primed light bulb was dried in an oven at 100°C for an hour. The light bulb was then
- PFA 6503B EPC powder Dyneon PFA 6503B EPC powder (PFA powder from Dyneon LLC) using a Nordson SURECOAT manual powder coating system, at 70 volts, 150 kPa airflow until no bare glass was visible.
- the powder- coated light bulb was then baked in an air circulating oven at 750°F (400°C.) for 10 minutes. Upon removal from the oven, the light bulb was cooled. The resulting PFA coated light bulb was just like the one obtained in the previous experiment.
- the PFA coated light bulb was thrown at least 3 meters high above the floor. Upon impact the light bulb was completely broken, but all the broken pieces were retained by the coated PFA layer while the PFA coating remained intact.
- the strips were then electrostatically powder coated with PFA 6503B EPC powder Dyneon PFA 6503B EPC powder (PFA powder from Dyneon LLC) using a Nordson SURECOAT manual powder coating system, at 70 volts, 150 kPa airflow until no bare glass was visible.
- the strips were then baked in an air circulating oven at 750°F (400°C.) for 10 minutes. Upon removal of the strips from the oven, the strips were cooled and the edges of each strip were scraped with a sharp blade to remove any coating that may have accumulated at the edges of the specimen.
- the peel strength was measured by testing the samples using an Instron tensile testing apparatus equipped with a floating roller peel test fixture at a crosshead speed of 6 in/min (15 cm/min) and peeling to 3.75 inches (9.5 cm) extension generally according to test method ASTM D3167-03a (2004), "Standard Test Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance of
Abstract
A primer composition comprises PFA polymer particles and colloidal silica particles dispersed in a vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle. The weight ratio of the colloidal silica particles to the PFA polymer particles is less than or equal to 0.6. The primer composition contains less than one part by weight of: a) non-vaporizable organic compounds having at least one C-H bond; and b) inorganic particles having a mean particle size of greater than one micrometer. Methods of coating the primer on glass and articles are also disclosed.
Description
FLUOROPOLYMER COATING FOR GLASS AND ARTICLES
INCLUDING THE SAME
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure broadly relates to fluoropolymer coatings.
BACKGROUND
Fluoropolymers are well known to be an important family of organic materials in industry as they typically provide high thermal stability, excellent chemical resistance, good film strength, low absorption of UV and visible light at a very broad region and low energy surfaces.
Fluoropolymers that are perfluorinated and thermoplastic, known in the art as fluoroplastics or fluorothermoplastics, are typically inert to nearly all chemicals and solvents, even at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacting only with strong reducing agents such as molten alkali metals. In addition, their high crystallinity leads to relatively low gas and moisture permeability, so they act as excellent barrier resins. Their low surface energies and coefficients of friction against other materials lead to the well-known anti-stick applications. Their extremely low refractive indices and optical clarity make them useful in optical applications including antireflective coatings. Fluoroplastic copolymers of monomers comprising tetrafluoroethylene and a perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) are collectively known in that art by the abbreviation "PFA". The term PFA includes copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene with a perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) (e.g., perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether)) as well as copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene with a perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) and one or more additional perfluorinated monomers (e.g., hexafluoropropy lene) .
Fluoropolymers have been used to coat glass substrates such as light bulbs for shattering prevention when light bulbs break, to coat metallic substrates for anti-stick properties (e.g., cookware, bakeware), and also for corrosion protection in industrial applications (chemical tanks, exhaust ducts). However, their inherent anti-stick characteristics can result in challenges when attempting to bond them to substrates.
SUMMARY
In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a primer composition comprising PFA polymer particles and colloidal silica particles dispersed in a vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle, wherein the primer composition has a weight ratio of the colloidal silica particles to the PFA polymer particles is less than or equal to 0.6, and wherein the primer composition contains less than one part by weight of: a) non- vaporizable organic compounds having at least one C-H bond; and b) inorganic particles having a mean particle size of greater than one micrometer.
In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the colloidal silica particles to the PFA polymer particles is greater than or equal to 0.3. In some embodiments, the colloidal silica particles have a mean particle size of 4 to 45 nanometers (nm) or 4 to 20 nm. In some embodiments, the primer composition consists essentially of the PFA polymer particles, the colloidal silica particles, and the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle. In some embodiments, the primer composition has a solids content of from one to ten percent. In some embodiments, the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle is free of vaporizable organic solvent.
In another aspect, the present disclosure provides an article comprising a substrate having a glass surface with a primer layer disposed on at least a portion thereof, wherein the primer layer is formed by at least partially drying a primer composition according to the present disclosure.
In some embodiments, the article further comprises a fluoropolymeric layer coated on the primer layer. In some embodiments, the substrate comprises a light bulb. In some embodiments, the substrate comprises at least one of a solar cell, a mirror, a window, or a solar thermal collector.
In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method comprising: contacting the primer composition according to the present disclosure with a glass surface of a substrate, and at least partially evaporating the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle to provide a primer layer.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises coating a fluoropolymeric layer on the primer layer.
Advantageously, primer compositions according to the present disclosure have good adhesion to glass and good optical transparency, and may provide a suitable surface
for further fluoropolymer protective coatings such as, for example, a PFA layer. Further, in typical embodiments the primer compositions are resistant to coloration due to thermal oxidation and/or light (e.g., weathering).
As used herein:
The term "aqueous" means containing more than an adventitious amount of water (e.g., at least about 1, 5, 10, or even at least about 20 percent by weight of water, or more).
The term "inorganic" refers to chemical compounds that are not organic; for clarity as used herein it expressly includes all elemental forms of carbon.
The term "non-vaporizable" means not vaporizable.
The term "organic" refers to chemical compounds having at least one carbon- hydrogen (i.e., C-H) bond.
The term "perfluoroplastic" means a thermoplastic perfluoropolymer.
The term "perfluoropolymer" means a polymer wherein all hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine atoms.
The term "vaporizable" means evaporable at a temperature of less than 150°C at a pressure of one atmosphere (0.1 MPa).
The features and advantages of the present disclosure will be understood upon consideration of the detailed description as well as the appended claims. These and other features and advantages of the disclosure may be described below in connection with various illustrative embodiments of the disclosure. The above summary is not intended to describe each disclosed embodiment or every implementation of the present disclosure. The Figures and the detailed description which follow more particularly exemplify illustrative embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a side view of an exemplary article according to the present disclosure. While the above-identified drawing figures set forth several embodiments of the present disclosure, other embodiments are also contemplated, as noted in the discussion. In all cases, this disclosure presents the disclosure by way of representation and not limitation. It should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of the principles of the disclosure. The figures may not be drawn to scale.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The primer composition comprises PFA particles, typically dispersed in the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle in latex form, although other dispersions (e.g., which may be metastable) may also be used. Methods for making PFA dispersions are well known; for example, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,132,123 (Harris et al); 4,029,868 (Carlson); 4,078,134 (Kuhls et al); and 4,078,135 (Sulzbach et al). Typically, the PFA fluoropolymer comprises 92-99.5 percent, more typically 96-99 percent of
tetrafluoroethylene, and 0.5-8 percent, more typically 1-4 percent of perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether). Aqueous PFA dispersions are commercially available under the trade designation TEFLON PFA from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. of Wilmington, DE; for example, as TE-7224, 857N-110, 857N-210, 858N-916, and 858N-917. Combinations of two or more PFA particles may be used.
Typically, PFA dispersions are stable over a pH range of from 1 to 11 , although other pH values may also be used. Typically, the primer composition has a total PFA content of from 0.1 to 40 percent by weight, more typically 2 to 25 percent by weight based on the total weight of the primer composition, although other amounts can be used.
Optionally, the primer composition may contain one or more additional perfluoropolymer particles. Examples include polytetrafluoroethylene particles, polyhexafluoropropylene particles, and poly(hexafluoropropylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (FEP) particles. The optional additional perfluoropolymer particles may be provided as a latex or other type of dispersion; for example, prepared according to known methods or obtained from commercial sources.
If present, the optional perfluoropolymer particles are present in a weight ratio of PFA:optional perfluoropolymer particles in a range of from 1 :4 to 4: 1 , more typically in a weight ratio of from 3:7 to 7:3.
The silica particles typically have a mean particle size of less than about 150 nm, although larger mean particle sizes may be used if they can be suspended in the primer composition. Typically, the silica particles have a mean particle size in a range of from 4 to 45 nm, more typically in a range of from 4 to 20 nm. As used herein, the term "silica particle" refers to silica particles that do not have any covalently bound organic surface group(s).
The silica particles are typically provided in a colloidal dispersion (e.g., as a sol), although this is not a requirement. Colloidal silica particles are available in acidic or basic forms, and either form may be utilized. Methods of making colloidal silica particles include, for example, partially neutralization of an alkali-silicate solution. More typically, colloidal silica dispersions are provided from commercial suppliers; for example, under the trade designation LUDOX from W.R. Grace of Columbia, MD; or as NALCO 1034A colloidal silica (NALCO 1034A), NALCO 1129 colloidal silica (NALCO 1129), NALCO 2327 colloidal silica (NALCO 2327), NALCO 2326 colloidal silica (NALCO 2326), and NALCO 1140 colloidal silica (NALCO 1140), all available from Nalco Chemical Company of Naperville, IL.
NALCO 1034A has a mean particle size of 20 nm and a silica content of approximately 34 percent by weight in water with a pH of approximately 3.1. NALCO 1129 has a mean particle size of 20 nm and an Si02 content of approximately 30 percent by weight in a solution of 40 percent isopropanol and 30 percent water. NALCO 2327 has a mean particle size of 20 nm and a silica content of approximately 40 percent by weight in water with a pH of approximately 9.3, and ammonium as the stabilizing ion. NALCO 2326 has a mean particle size of 5 nm and a silica content of approximately 14.5 percent by weight in water with a pH of approximately 9.0, and ammonium as the stabilizing ion. NALCO 1140 has a mean particle size of 15 nm and a silica content of approximately 40 percent by weight in water with a pH of approximately 9.7, and sodium as the stabilizing ion.
The vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle comprises water and optionally one or more organic solvents, typically volatile organic solvents, in amounts such that the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle forms a single phase. Examples of organic solvents include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, 2-methoxyethanol, glyme, and tetrahydrofuran. Typically, the vaporizable aqueous liquid phase is essentially free of (e.g., contains less than one percent by weight) volatile organic solvents. Typically, the concentration of organic solvent ranges from 0 to 40 percent by weight based on the weight of the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle.
The primer composition may have any pH that renders the composition stable enough for its intended use as a primer composition. Typically, the pH is in a range of from about 9 to about 11, although other pH values may also be useful. The primer
composition may have any solids content; for example, from about 2 percent to about 20 percent by weight based on the total weight of the primer composition, although other amounts may also be used.
Optionally, a surfactant may be added to the primer composition. Useful surfactants include ionic surfactants such as, for example, sodium
hexadecylbenzenesulfonate, and nonionic surfactants.
The primer composition is typically made by combining with mixing the PFA particles and silica particles as aqueous dispersions, although other methods may be used. Typically, pH for the primer composition is kept at 9 or higher, however this may vary depending on the dispersions used.
Primer compositions according to the present disclosure are typically applied to a glass surface of a substrate and at least partially dried to form a primer layer, more typically essentially completely dried. As used herein, the term "dried" refers to removal of the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle as a whole, not just water. The primer composition may be disposed on the glass surface by any suitable method, such as for example, dip coating, spray coating, brushing, curtain coating, knife coating, squeegee, bar coating, or wiping. Once disposed on the substrate, the primer composition is at least partially dried to remove at least some, typically essentially all, of the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle. Drying may be facilitated, for example, by air flow assisted evaporation, heating, and/or reduced pressure.
A fluoropolymeric layer is then disposed on the primer layer. This is illustrated in Fig. 1, wherein exemplary article 100 comprises substrate 110 having glass surface 115, primer layer 120 disposed on glass surface 115, and fluoropolymeric layer 130 disposed on primer layer 120.
The substrate has a glass surface on which the primer composition is disposed, although not all surfaces of the substrate need be glass. The primer composition may be disposed on a portion of the glass surface or the entire glass surface. In some
embodiments, the primer composition may be deployed on at least a portion of one or more additional surface(s) of the substrate in addition to the glass surface. As used herein, the term "glass" refers to a non-crystalline transparent or translucent material formable by fusing silica, optionally with additional compounds (e.g., soda and lime, lead compounds, boron compounds, barium compounds, rare earth compounds, iron compounds, and
cerium compounds) followed by rapid cooling. Exemplary glasses include soda-lime glasses and borosilicate glasses.
Exemplary substrates having glass surfaces include light bulbs, windows, cookware (e.g., saucepans, skillets), bakeware (e.g., PYREX baking dishes), solar cells, thermal solar collectors, windshields, and mirrors (e.g., solar reflectors). In some embodiments, such as, for example, as a coating for light bulbs, application of a PFA layer to the primer layer may provide shatter resistance. In the case of breakage of the light bulb, the PFA layer may serve to contain the glass shards, and mercury in the case of fluorescent tubes or compact fluorescent light bulbs.
The perfluoropolymeric layer comprises at least one perfluoropolymer. Typically, the fluoropolymeric layer is essentially free of (e.g., contains less than one percent by weight) of polymers having C-H bonds, although this is not a requirement. The perfluoropolymeric layer may include additional components such as, for example, fillers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, surfactants, and colorants. Examples of suitable
perfluoropolymers include FEP and PFA. The polymeric layer may be applied to the primer layer, for example, as a dispersion or extruded directly onto the primer layer.
Advantageously, primer compositions, articles, and methods according to the present disclosure can solve problems such as a lack of high transmission of light of existing PFA bonding primers, improve mechanical properties PFA coatings, and improve adhesion strength of perfluoroplastics to glass surfaces.
Objects and advantages of this disclosure are further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples, but the particular materials and amounts thereof recited in these examples, as well as other conditions and details, should not be construed to unduly limit this disclosure.
EXAMPLES
Unless otherwise noted, all parts, percentages, ratios, etc. in the Examples and the rest of the specification are by weight.
Silica nanoparticle dispersions NALCO 1115 (15 weight percent solids, 4 nanometer average particle size colloidal silica), NALCO 2326 (14.5 weight percent silica, 5 nm average particle size colloidal silica), and NALCO 2327 (40 weight percent silica, 20
nm average particle size) were obtained from the Nalco Chemical Company of Naperville, IL.
DYNEON PFA 6900 N PFA dispersion (120 nm mean particle size, 50 weight percent solids) was obtained from 3M Dyneon of Oakdale, MN.
Soda lime glass slides were obtained from VWR International of West Chester, PA, and were pretreated by gentle scrubbing with BAB-0 powdered cleanser from Fitzpatrick Bros., Inc. of Chicago, IL, and subsequently washed thoroughly with deionized water before use. EXAMPLE 1
NALCO 1115 silica dispersion (1.0 grams (g), 4 nm mean particle size, 15 weight percent solids) was diluted with 9 g of water. To the diluted dispersion was added
DYNEON PFA 6900 N PFA dispersion (1.0 g). The mixed dispersion (PRIMER
COMPOSITION 1) was stable and clear.
A commercially available light bulb (General Electric 40 watt tungsten filament) was rinsed with water and dried by air. To the surface was applied (by dip coating) the aqueous liquid primer described above except the neck area of the light bulb. This provided an area where the PFA coating would not adhere to the glass in order to create a tab for the peel test. The coated light bulb was dried in an oven at 100°C for an hour. The light bulb was then electrostatically powder coated with Dyneon PFA 6503B EPC powder (PFA powder from Dyneon LLC) using a Nordson SURECOAT manual powder coating system (from Nordson Corp. of Westlake, OH) at 70 volts, 150 kPa airflow until no bare glass was visible. The light bulb was then baked in an air circulating oven at 750°F (400°C) for 10 minutes. Upon removal from the oven, the light bulb sample was cooled to room temperature. The resulting PFA-coated light bulb was clear, the interfacial adhesion between PFA layer and primed glass surface exhibited excellent adhesion compared with the interface between PFA layer and unprimed neck area where no adhesion was observed.
EXAMPLE 2
A commercially available light bulb (General Electric 40 watt tungsten filament) was rinsed with water and dried by air. PRIMER COMPOSITION 1 was applied to the light bulb as before, except that the entire surface of the bulb was coated. The primed
light bulb was dried in an oven at 100°C for an hour. The light bulb was then
electrostatically powder coated with PFA 6503B EPC powder Dyneon PFA 6503B EPC powder (PFA powder from Dyneon LLC) using a Nordson SURECOAT manual powder coating system, at 70 volts, 150 kPa airflow until no bare glass was visible. The powder- coated light bulb was then baked in an air circulating oven at 750°F (400°C.) for 10 minutes. Upon removal from the oven, the light bulb was cooled. The resulting PFA coated light bulb was just like the one obtained in the previous experiment. The PFA coated light bulb was thrown at least 3 meters high above the floor. Upon impact the light bulb was completely broken, but all the broken pieces were retained by the coated PFA layer while the PFA coating remained intact.
EXAMPLES 3 - 7 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES A - B Two strips each of soda lime glass 1 x 6 x 0.05 inch (2.54 x 15.2 x 0.127 cm) microscope slides were cleaned with soapy water. The strips were then rinsed several times with water, and dried in air. The strips were coated with the primer compositions reported in Table 1 , except that at the top of the glass strips over 2 inches (5 cm) of one end of each strip. This provided an area where the coating would not adhere to the glass to create a tab for the peel test. The strips were then electrostatically powder coated with PFA 6503B EPC powder Dyneon PFA 6503B EPC powder (PFA powder from Dyneon LLC) using a Nordson SURECOAT manual powder coating system, at 70 volts, 150 kPa airflow until no bare glass was visible. The strips were then baked in an air circulating oven at 750°F (400°C.) for 10 minutes. Upon removal of the strips from the oven, the strips were cooled and the edges of each strip were scraped with a sharp blade to remove any coating that may have accumulated at the edges of the specimen. The peel strength was measured by testing the samples using an Instron tensile testing apparatus equipped with a floating roller peel test fixture at a crosshead speed of 6 in/min (15 cm/min) and peeling to 3.75 inches (9.5 cm) extension generally according to test method ASTM D3167-03a (2004), "Standard Test Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance of
Adhesives". The peel strength was calculated over 1 to 3 inches (2.54 to 7.62 cm) extension using an integrated average and reported as an average of three replicate specimens. Pencil Hardness was also measured and is reported in Table 1 (below). Percent light transmission measured using a UV-VIS spectrometer is reported in Table 2. TABLE 1
TABLE 2
All patents and publications referred to herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. All examples given herein are to be considered non-limiting unless otherwise indicated. Various modifications and alterations of this disclosure may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure, and it should be understood that this disclosure is not to be unduly limited to the illustrative embodiments set forth herein.
Claims
1. A primer composition comprising PFA polymer particles and colloidal silica particles dispersed in a vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle, wherein the primer
composition has a weight ratio of the colloidal silica particles to the PFA polymer particles is less than or equal to 0.6, and wherein the primer composition contains less than one part by weight of: a) non-vaporizable organic compounds having at least one C-H bond; and b) inorganic particles having a mean particle size of greater than one micrometer.
2. The primer composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the colloidal silica particles to the PFA polymer particles is greater than or equal to 0.3.
3. The primer composition of claim 1, wherein the colloidal silica particles have a mean particle size of 4 to 45 nanometers.
4. The primer composition of claim 1, wherein the colloidal silica particles have a mean particle size of 4 to 20 nanometers.
5. The primer composition of claim 1, wherein the primer composition consists essentially of the PFA polymer particles, the colloidal silica particles, and the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle.
6. The primer composition of claim 1, wherein the primer composition has a solids content of from one to ten percent.
7. The primer composition of claim 1, wherein the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle is free of vaporizable organic solvent.
8. An article comprising a substrate having a glass surface with a primer layer disposed on at least a portion thereof, wherein the primer layer is formed by at least partially drying the primer composition of claim 1.
9. The article of claim 8, wherein the weight ratio of the colloidal silica particles to the PFA polymer particles is greater than or equal to 0.3.
10. The article of claim 8, wherein the colloidal silica particles have a mean particle size of 4 to 45 nanometers.
11. The article of claim 8, wherein the colloidal silica particles have a mean particle size of 4 to 20 nanometers.
12. The article of claim 8, wherein the primer composition consists essentially of the PFA polymer particles, the colloidal silica particles, and the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle.
13. The article of claim 8, wherein the primer composition has a solids content of from one to ten percent.
14. The article of claim 8, further comprising a fluoropolymeric layer coated on the primer layer.
15. The article of claim 8, wherein the substrate comprises a light bulb.
16. The article of claim 8, wherein the substrate comprises at least one of a solar cell, a mirror, a window, or a solar thermal collector.
17. A method of making an article, the method comprising: contacting the primer composition of claim 1 with a glass surface of a substrate, and at least partially
evaporating the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle to provide a primer layer.
18. The method of claim 17, further comprising coating a fluoropolymeric layer on the primer layer.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein the weight ratio of the colloidal silica particles to the PFA polymer particles is greater than or equal to 0.3.
20. The method of claim 17, wherein the colloidal silica particles have a mean particle size of 4 to 45 nanometers.
21. The method of claim 17, wherein the colloidal silica particles have a mean particle size of 4 to 20 nanometers.
22. The method of claim 17, wherein the primer composition consists essentially of the PFA polymer particles, the colloidal silica particles, and the vaporizable aqueous liquid vehicle.
23. The method of claim 17, wherein the primer composition has a solids content of from one to ten percent.
24. The method of claim 17, wherein the substrate comprises at least one of a solar cell, a mirror, a window, or a solar thermal collector.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN2010100040053A CN102127347A (en) | 2010-01-14 | 2010-01-14 | Fluorine-containing polymer coating for glass and product containing same |
CN201010004005.3 | 2010-01-14 |
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WO2011087997A1 true WO2011087997A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
WO2011087997A8 WO2011087997A8 (en) | 2012-02-23 |
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PCT/US2011/020729 WO2011087997A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 | 2011-01-11 | Fluoropolymer coating for glass and articles including the same |
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WO (1) | WO2011087997A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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US9221990B2 (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2015-12-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluoropolymer coatings suitable for films of photovoltaic modules |
WO2019097469A3 (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2019-07-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Ink-receptive layers for durable labels |
US10400109B2 (en) | 2013-10-04 | 2019-09-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Coatable composition, antistatic composition, antistatic articles, and methods of making the same |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2011087997A8 (en) | 2012-02-23 |
CN102127347A (en) | 2011-07-20 |
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