WO2011088028A1

WO2011088028A1 - Monitoring interface device and method

Info

Publication number: WO2011088028A1
Application number: PCT/US2011/020799
Authority: WO
Inventors: Thomas A. Dinkel; Ronald E. Butterworth
Original assignee: Sunreports, Inc.
Priority date: 2010-01-12
Filing date: 2011-01-11
Publication date: 2011-07-21

Abstract

A monitoring interface device ("MID") is disclosed for a monitoring system for monitoring renewable energy systems. The MID comprises a processor, a memory, wherein the memory is configured with instructions which, when executed, cause the processor to identify an inverter of a renewable energy system to enable the MID to communicate with the inverter.

Description

MONITORING INTERFACE DEVICE AND METHOD CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. provisional application serial number 61/294,1 13, filed January 12, 2010, entitled "Monitoring Interface Device and Method" which is incorporated by reference herein.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

[0002] A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The present invention relates to monitoring renewable energy generation systems in general, and, more particularly, to a monitoring interface device and method for monitoring systems of renewable energy generation systems.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0004] More than ever before, there is need for alternative energy sources to supplement if not even replace some traditional sources of energy. Renewable energy sources are one such alternative. Renewable energy sources have many advantages. For one thing, renewable energy sources are less environmentally harmful than non-renewable sources. For another, renewable energy sources help reduce strain on the utility power grid to enable it to better respond to demand. In view of these reasons alone, renewable energy development has become a priority.

[0005] Current renewable energy sources include solar energy generation systems such as solar thermal systems and solar electric systems (i.e., solar photovoltaic systems (also known as "PV systems")). Examples of solar thermal systems include solar hot water and solar pool heating systems. Solar thermal systems generate temperature values as well as flow rates and system

pressurization values. PV systems, however, generate performance data relative to the status of the systems in order to detect abnormal operating conditions. This performance data is generated by DC to AC inverters of a PV system. Examples of this data include power generated (i.e., power output), kW (Kilowatts), and KWh (kilowatt hours), alarm conditions (i.e., alarm states such as fault) and other types of data. Performance monitoring is important to insure that the systems are operational. The information needed to monitor the systems varies by the type of technology.

[0006] There are several types of monitoring systems currently marketed that include one or more components or devices that interface with these PV systems for the acquisition and transmission of the performance data from these PV systems. These devices are hereinafter referred to as "monitoring interface devices" or "MIDs. However, conventional MIDs are specifically manufactured to properly recognize and communicate exclusively with specific PV systems and their inverters to acquire (and interpret correctly) the necessary performance data. That is, a conventional MID is designed or configured exclusively to recognize and communicate with one and only one model type of inverter in order to properly monitor and acquire the necessary performance data from that PV system. In addition, system installers must configure each of these MIDs prior to installation to properly communicate with a remote server for the presentation of information.

[0007] Consequently, system installers must provide different MIDs for different types of PV systems and their inverters. This unfortunately requires significant costs and upfront work on the part of the system installers to plan for the appropriate MID. There are many manufacturers (e.g., SMA, Xantrex, Solectria, PV Powered, Fronius Enphase and many others), and each markets several different types of inverter models. Xantrex, for example, currently markets several inverters including PVI1800/2500, PVI3000, PVI4000, PVI5000 and PVI5300. Because of this, installers as well as MID manufacturers and monitoring companies must maintain a large inventory of MIDs. If an installer transports the incorrect MID to the installation site, for example, the MID (of a monitoring system) will not function correctly subsequent to installation, and the installer must return with the correct MID to the site to correct the installer error.

[0008] It would thus be advantageous to provide a device and/or method to overcome the disadvantages with the conventional MIDs described above. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The present invention discloses an MID that monitors many types of renewable energy generation systems including solar thermal systems, solar electric systems (PV systems), wind generation systems and heat pumps. More specifically, the MID collects renewable energy system data from many types of energy generation systems including solar thermal systems and solar electric systems. Such data collected may include temperature, pressure, pump status, reheat coil status, and flow rate data from solar thermal systems as well as performance data from solar electric systems (PV systems) contained within the inverter. The MID described herein is installed without prior configuration. The MID automatically identifies a particular inverter of a PV system to enable communication with that Inverter. The MID detects the temperature, pressure and other values of the solar thermal systems. The MID will collect and transmit the data to an Internet Protocol (IP) address assigned to a server or other computer. The MID may be installed on a residential property (structure or land) or a commercial property (structure or land) for collecting data from one or more inverters or sensors on the property.

[0010] In accordance with one embodiment, a method is provided for processing the data from the solar thermal and solar electric systems.

[0011] To identify a particular inverter, the MID under the direction of a processor transmits a command to the inverter. The command is a call to the inverter. The MID incorporates a pre-loaded table of commands or codes for the inverters of several manufacturers. The table is stored into memory within the processor of the MID. If the inverter fails to respond with a recognizable response corresponding to the inverter command within a defined period of time (from command transmission), then the MID transmits a second command to the inverter. The MID continues this sequence until the inverter responds. If the inverter responds with an appropriate response to the command within the defined period of time, the MID has identified the inverter. The MID then queries the inverter for data. At the same time, the MID detects all sensors of the solar thermal systems and detects the values provided by those sensors. The MID collects all of this data. Following these steps, the MID establishes communication with a server. Establishment includes initiating communication with the server. The MID waits for a response. If a response is received within a predefined period of time, the MID transmits data to the server. If it does not, then the data is stored for subsequent transmission to the server.

[0012] Establishing communication with the server involves transmitting the

MAC address assigned to the MID to the Internet Protocol (IP) address assigned to the server. Once the communication is established, then MID transmits the energy system data collected to the server. After the data transmission is complete, the server terminates the connection.

[0013] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a monitoring interface device ("MID") is disclosed for a monitoring system for monitoring renewable energy systems. The MID comprises a processor, a memory, wherein the memory is configured with instructions which,

when executed, cause the processor to identify an inverter of a renewable energy system to enable the MID to communicate with the inverter.

[0014] In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a monitoring interface device ("MID") is disclosed for a system for monitoring renewable energy systems. The MID comprising a processor, a memory, wherein the memory is configured with instructions which, when executed, cause the processor to monitor a solar electric system and monitor a solar thermal system. The processor may also monitor wind energy system and heat pump performance and monitor other common devices such as weather stations, BTU meters and power meters as may fit within the inputs of the MID.

[0015] In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a method is disclosed of establishing communication between a monitoring interface device (MID) and an inverter of a renewable energy system. The method comprises identifying the inverter to enable the MID to communicate with inverter.

[0016] In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, a method disclosed of establishing communication between a monitoring interface device (MID) and renewable energy systems. The method comprises monitoring a solar electric system and monitoring a solar thermal system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Fig. 1 depicts a block diagram of the components of solar energy generation systems along with a monitoring system in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figs. 2A-2C (2A, 2B and 2C) depict enlarged sectional views of Fig.

1 including the components of the monitoring system in accordance with illustrative embodiments of the present invention.

[0019] Fig. 3 depicts the components of the MID of the monitoring system shown in Fig. 1 in accordance with methods of communication in Figs. 2A-2C.

[0020] Fig. 4 depicts a flowchart of the steps of the firmware incorporated within memory of the processor inside MID 210 in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Fig. 1 depicts a block diagram of the components of solar energy generation systems 100 along with a monitoring system 200 in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Solar energy generation systems 100 comprise: solar electric system 102 ("PV system") and solar thermal system 104 that have been installed on residential property (but could be on a commercial or other building). PV system 102 comprises: a PV array 105 (solar panels), inverter 106 and several other conventional components (not shown). These conventional components include a circuit combiner, ground fault protector and DC fused switch connected in series between PV array 105 and inverter 106 and an AC fused switch and utility switch (not shown) connected in series between inverter 106 and block 108. Block 108 represents several other conventional components including the residential loads, a main service panel, meter and utility power grid. This is an implementation of PV system 102. However, those skilled in the art know, after reading this disclosure, that alternate embodiments of PV system 102 may include some, additional or different components.

[0023] Inverter 106, as known to those skilled in the art, is an electrical inverter that is made to change the direct current (DC) electricity from a photovoltaic array into alternating current (AC). It will be clear to those skilled in the art how to make and use inverter 106.

[0024] Solar thermal system 104 comprises: conventional components including a heat exchanger, piping and a pump to circulate the liquid through the piping (not shown). Solar thermal system also comprises: temperature sensors 1 10 to sense the temperature of the system (e.g., supply water from a tank or pool or return water from solar collector), current sensor 1 12 to sense the current of a pump and/or the reheat coil in the storage tank, flow sensor 1 13 to sense the flow of the liquid and pressure sensor 1 14 to sense the pressure in the piping. In a typical residential solar thermal system, there are three temperature sensors, one pressure sensor and one or two current sensors. However, those skilled in the art know that any number of sensors may be employed.

[0025] Thus, both the described solar electric system and the solar thermal system are monitored. However, although the illustrative embodiment depicts both solar thermal and solar electric systems, it will be clear to those skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, know how to make and use alternative

embodiments of the present invention that use any number and type of solar electric and/or solar thermal systems and/or any number or type of wind energy systems and/or heat pumps.

[0026] Although the illustrative embodiment depicts a PV system and a solar thermal system for a residential property, it will be clear to those skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative

embodiments of the present invention that use these solar systems for

commercial purposes.

[0027] Although the illustrative embodiment depicts a PV system and a solar thermal systems for a residential property that is connected to a grid, it will be clear to those skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, know how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention that use any number of renewable energy systems that are not grid connected.

[0028] Monitoring system 200 (for monitoring renewable energy systems) comprises MID 210 and communication mechanism 220. Communication mechanism 220 is shown as block in Fig. 1 and it is a representation of a way in which MID 210 communicates over Internet 320. Communication mechanism 220 is a component or set of components within MID 220 and/or externally to MID 210 that are used as a means to permit MID 220 to communicate over Internet 320. Communication mechanism 220 will be discussed in more detail with respect to Figs. 2A-2C. Suffice it to say, communication mechanism 220 enables MID 220 to communicate to server 300 (located off site) over the Internet 320 via router 310 (as part of an Ethernet network) located on the residential property as shown.

[0029] MID 210 may be installed on a residential property (structure or land) for collecting data from one or more inverters on the property. If MID 210 is used for commercial purposes as mentioned above, MID 210 may be on a commercial property (building structure or land) for collecting data from one or more inverters on the property or structure(s).

[0030] In the illustrative embodiment shown in Fig. 1 , router 310 is located on the residential property, and it is connected to Internet 310 via an Internet Service Provider (ISP) using devices such as a cable modem or DSL connection. Satellite, cellular or other wireless means of accessing the Internet may

alternatively be used that is supported by an ISP as known to those skilled in the art. In this configuration shown in Fig. 1 , no computer is connected to router 310. A computer is not required. However, in an illustrative alternative embodiment, router 310 may be connected to computer (not shown) on the residential property. The computer comprises hardware and software, as known to those skilled in the art, that includes an operating system (e.g., Microsoft Windows 7 or Vista or Apple Snow Leopard, Leopard or Tiger) to enable a computer to function properly.

Router 310 is connected to Internet 310 via an Internet Service Provider (ISP) via devices such as a cable modem or DSL connection. In accordance with this illustrative alternative embodiment, router 310 may also be also connected to the computer using conventional components including an Ethernet card (typically installed within the computer). With this alternative illustrative embodiment, a display and keyboard, as known to those skilled in the art, may also used with this computer.

[0031] Internet 320 is the ubiquitous packet network and it will be clear to those skilled in the art how to extend and use the Internet. [0032] Server 300, as is well known to those skilled in the art, may represent one or more computers that provide several services for other remote computers (sometimes referred to as clients). (Each computer as part of the server has a processor, memory, operating system and other components known to those skilled in the art.) Server 300 is assigned an IP address for MID 210 to address for data transmission. As described in more detail below, MID 210 has the server IP address stored in memory to establish communication with and transmit data to server 300. Server 300 authenticates the MID 210 to ensure a valid device, retrieves data from MID 210, and stores and manipulates the data to enable display of the data for subsequent viewing. This is described in more detail below.

[0033] MID 210 is coupled to inverter 106 through a serial interface (e.g., standard 2 wire RS485 interface). MID 210 is connected to temperature sensors 1 10 and current sensors 1 12 directly. MID 210 is connected to pressure sensors 1 14 directly. Each pressure sensor, as known to those skilled in the art, functions as a switch that closes when the pressure is acceptable and opens when the pressure is low. MID 210 is also connected to BTU meter 107 and power meter 109. BTU meter 107 and power meter 109 are MODBUS devices and they are a part of a BTU system (not shown) and an electrical power circuit (not shown), respectively, as known to those skilled in the art. The electrical power circuit may be any circuit that consumes power. While not shown, other Modbus devices (e.g., SunSpec Alliance devices) may be connected to MID 210 known to those skilled in the art. The inputs from all of these sensors will interface with MID 210 via connectors 252 as discussed more fully below. MID 210 includes an Ethernet connector 246 (i.e., jack or interface) and/or ZigBee wireless transmitter/receiver 250 to enable communication with router 310. MID 210 may alternatively include other wireless transmitter/receivers to enable communication as known to those skilled in the art. MID 210 and its internal components as well as all interfacing connections will be discussed in detail below.

[0034] Figs. 2A-2C depict enlarged sectional views of Fig. 1 including the components of the monitoring system 200 in accordance with illustrative embodiments of the present invention. [0035] In Fig. 2A, there is shown an embodiment of the monitoring system

200 in accordance with the present invention. As indicated above, monitoring system 200 comprises: MID 210 and communication mechanism 220.

Communication mechanism includes plugs 230 and 240 to enable MID 210 to communicate with router 310. Adapter plugs 230 and 240 are Ethernet adapters that allow connectivity for high-speed Internet access. The Ethernet adapter plugs 230 and 240 use power line communication protocol ("PLC") as known by those skilled in the art as a medium for data transmission. PLC uses the electrical wiring of a home or office network (or commercial) as a medium for data

transmission.

[0036] During installation, plug 230 is plugged into a wall (power) outlet in proximity to MID 210. MID 210 and plug 230 are connected by means of an Ethernet cable. A CAT5 cable or other Ethernet cable may be used. The ends of the Ethernet cable are plugged into the Ethernet jacks/interfaces on MID 210 and plug 230 respectively.

[0037] Plug 240 is plugged into a wall (power) outlet in close proximity to router 310 to enable plug 240 and router 310 to be connected by an Ethernet cable. As known to those skilled in the art, router 310 has Ethernet jack/interface for this cable. A CAT5 cable or another cable may be used as the Ethernet cable. Plugs 230 and 240 are conventional Ethernet adapters such as those currently marketed by Asoka (e.g., PlugLink 9650 Ethernet Adapter), Linksys and Netgear Corporations.

[0038] In operation, MID 210 transmits data over an Ethernet cable to plug

230, and plug 230 converts it into data to be transmitted over the AC power line (PLC technology using a modulated carrier) to plug 240. Plug 240 converts the data back into a form to be transmitted to router 310 over an Ethernet cable.

[0039] In Fig. 2B, there is shown another embodiment of the monitoring system 200 in accordance with the present invention. In this embodiment, communication mechanism 220 includes an Ethernet cable connecting MID 210 and router 310 directly. As indicated above, an Ethernet cable such as a CAT5 cable or another may be used to transmit data. [0040] In Fig. 2C, there is shown another embodiment of the monitoring system 200 in accordance with the present invention. In this embodiment, communication mechanism 220 includes, i.e., represents wireless components for creating a wireless link between MID 210 and router 310 to transmit data between these components. The wireless components creating the wireless link may be by ZigBee or any other wireless specification including WIFI (802.1 1 ) or Bluetooth. In the case of ZigBee designed configuration, MID 210 and router 310 will incorporate a ZigBee transmitter and receiver to transmit data between these components. This is discussed in more detail below.

[0041] Fig. 3 depicts the components of MID 210 of the monitoring system shown in Fig. 1 in accordance with methods of communication in Figs. 2A-C. MID 210 comprises: processor 242 and serial flash memory 244, Ethernet connector 246, light emitting diodes (LEDs) 248, ZigBee wireless transmitter/receiver 250 and connectors 252, all of which are connected to processor 242 as shown.

Processor 242 incorporates memory 242a for storing the firmware including a table of access commands or codes for the inverters of several manufacturers as well as various industry standards such as MODBUS and LonWorks (for example). The firmware will also incorporate or emulate a HTTP client to enable MID 210 to communicate with server 300 as discussed below. As known by those skilled in the art, "HTTP" stands for hypertext transfer protocol, and it is the protocol for communication between Web servers and browsers.

[0042] Processor 242 is a conventional processor, as is well known in the prior art, for executing commands in memory, for storing into and retrieving data from memory as well as for storage. It will be clear to those skilled in the art how to make and use processor 242.

[0043] Memory 242a is a Flash/SRAM (static RAM) memory as is well known in the art, for storing and running firmware. It will be clear to those skilled in the art how to make and use memory 242a.

[0044] Serial flash memory 244 is a non-volatile storage with a serial interface, as is well known in the art, for storing programs and data. It will be clear to those skilled in the art how to make and use serial flash memory 244. [0045] LEDs 246 are well known in the art. It will be clear to those skilled in the art how to make and use these components. LEDs 246 are used as indicators for various functions within MID 210 (e.g., MID "power on").

[0046] As discussed above, Ethernet connector 246 is hardware, as is well known in the art, that is used as an Ethernet interface. Ethernet connector 246 is preferably an RJ45 connector, but it may be another connector as known to those skilled in the art.

[0047] Connectors 252 are hardware components, as well known to those in the art, that are used as electrical connectors for external components.

Connectors 252 may be mounted to a circuit board or other mechanism. Cables are inserted into the terminals of connectors 252 to provide connection to various other devices. It will be clear to those skilled in the art how to make and use connectors 252.

[0048] While connectors 252 is described herein and shown in Fig. 3, those skilled in the art know that the connection to components external to MID 210 may be implemented using any other electrical connector (i.e., interface) such as a terminal block.

[0049] ZigBee wireless transmitter/receiver 250 is hardware, as well known to those skilled in the art for communicating using a ZigBee communication protocol with other ZigBee enabled components. It will be clear to those skilled in the art how to make and use a ZigBee wireless transmitter/receiver 250. ZigBee wireless transmitter/receiver 250 is connected to processor 242 preferably by way of a serial interface, but may be implemented with other interfaces known to those skilled in the art. Router 310 would similar incorporate a ZigBee

transmitter/receiver to communicate with MID 210.

[0050] Although the illustrative embodiment depicts a ZigBee wireless transmitter/receiver as a method of wireless communication, it will be clear to those skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention with any type of wireless transmitter/receiver components as the wireless method of communication including, without limitation, WIFI, Bluetooth and other wireless transmitters and receivers. It is also possible to employ satellite and/or cellular communication for transmitting data from MID 210. In addition, although the illustrative embodiment depicts both communication components (i.e., ZigBee wireless

transmitter/receiver 246 and Ethernet connector 246), it will be clear to those skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, that MID 210 can be designed and used with either an Ethernet connector or a wireless transmitter/receiver for communication with router 310.

[0051] It is noted that MID 210 with a ZigBee wireless transmitter/receiver may communicate with ZigBee (or other wireless technology) enabled smart meters and smart grids. Many of the utilities are now or will be installing smart meters. The smart meter may be a ZigBee enabled utility meter that will allow the utility to remotely access data, send pricing information, and ultimately control energy usage. That is, the utility under contract with the residential customer (or commercial) may modify usage at different times of the day depending on demand. In this respect, the utility grid is said to be a smart grid because the utility may receive feedback of the power consumed. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, MID 210 with a ZigBee wireless

transmitter/receiver may be used to communicate with a ZigBee enabled smart meter to gather information that the utility actually collects regarding energy consumption or usage at the residence, or to receive utility pricing signals that may be received by MID 210 and relayed to server 300, to be incorporated into the display information on the website for the user. While a ZigBee enabled smart meter is described herein, those skilled in the art know that MID 210 may be designed with the appropriate wireless transmitter/receiver to communication with a smart meter with any form of required wireless protocol (e.g., WIFI,

Bluetooth, Satellite).

[0052] In Fig. 3, a plurality of electrical connecting lines are shown that run from connectors 252 to processor 242 to support several components connected to connectors 252. One of those lines is preferably a bus that will support external temperature sensors 1 10 in Fig. 1 connected via connectors 252, but the bus could have several independent lines or could be chosen to support any number of temperature sensors as required. A second line is preferably a digital line to properly support digital data from pressure sensors 1 14 via connectors 252. A third line preferably provides an analog to digital function that supports the required connections to current and flow sensors 1 12, 1 13 via connectors 252. A fourth connection line is used for data transmission to/from inverter 106 via connectors 252. This connection is preferably a serial interface implementing an RJ45 jack. MID 210 may also incorporate one or more buffers in the line supporting the external temperature sensors 1 10 and the line supporting the pressure sensors 1 14 as required.

[0053] MID 210 will be powered by a 5 Volts regulated DC input that is preferably provided by an AC/DC wall adapter via connectors 252 or alternatively via Ethernet connector 246.

[0054] It is noted that while Fig. 3 depicts several connecting lines that connect processor 242 to various internal components. Those skilled in the art know that any number of lines may be employed for any number of internal components and that any connecting line may represent one or more connecting lines to effect proper operation of such components.

[0055] It is noted that many if not all components described above with respect to MID 210 will preferably be mounted on a printed circuit board, but those skilled in the art know that any other means may be used to support and connect these components.

[0056] Fig. 4 depicts a flowchart of the steps of the firmware incorporated within memory 242a of processor inside MID 210 in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. In short, the flowchart sets forth the steps for monitoring PV system 102 and solar thermal system 104 by collecting data from these systems. (Note that the steps for monitoring the BTU system (via connection to BTU meter 107) and electrical power system (via connection to the power meter 109 is not shown in Fig. 4. The steps are similar to that shown in Fig. 4 and are described below. For purposes of this discussion, it is presumed that MID 210 is installed at the residential property site (home structure or land), i.e., all connections are properly made. Once installed, the following steps are performed.

[0057] At step 400, MID 210 identifies the particular type of Inverter 106. In order to accomplish this, at sub-step 400-2, processor 242 of MID 210 transmits a command to inverter 106. This command or code corresponds or matches the internal code assigned by a manufacturer for a particular inverter. The command is a call to the inverter. As discussed above, memory 242a of processor 242 stores firmware with a table of access commands or codes for the inverters of several manufacturers as well as various industry standards such as MODBUS and LonWorks (for example).

[0058] At decision step 400-4, if no appropriate response is received within a pre-defined period of time, execution returns to step 400-2 wherein processor 242 transmits a second and different command corresponding to another inverter type to inverter 106. Note that this pre-defined period of time is set to run from the time of the transmission of the command. The pre-defined time is configured to be about two seconds, but those skilled in the art know that the processor may be configured to transmit subsequent commands at any desired period of time. This second command is listed in the table and it corresponds to the internal code of another manufacturer's inverter. If there is no response from inverter 106 within the pre-defined period of time of command transmission, then execution returns to step 400-2. This sequence continues until a valid response is received or it is determined that no inverter is connected, as discussed below. Note that most inverter types are supported by MID 210. (For an inverter that is not supported, it (i.e., the particular command) may be incorporated into the MID 210, or a conventional MID will be used.)

[0059] Now, if a response is received within that pre-defined time of transmitting the command, then a "valid" response is indicated (i.e., "validating" the inverter) at sub-step 400-6 and execution moves to step 410 wherein MID 210 interrogates inverter 106 for data. That is, processor 242 queries inverter 106 for data (and receives from the inverter 106) such as power generated, power used, alarm conditions (i.e., states such as fault), and/or any other data resident within inverter 106 and available for communication within the inverter's communications protocols. (These communication protocols are packet based command response protocols when communicating with an inverter. Examples are MODBUS and LonWorks as described above.) At the same time as step 410, execution also moves to step 430 wherein the processor 242 detects the sensors 1 10, 1 12, 1 13, 1 14. Once the sensors are detected, processor 242 detects the temperature, current, pressure, and flow from temperature sensors 1 10, current sensors 1 12, pressure sensors 1 14 and flow sensors 1 13 respectively at steps 440, 450 and 460, respectively. Execution then moves to step 420 wherein processor 242 collects all of this data. The data is initially stored in memory 242a within processor 242 while it is gathered before communication is established with server 300. If communication is not established between MID 210 and server 300, the data is stored in serial flash memory 244 for subsequent transmission to server 300. This is described in detail below.

[0060] Now, as processor 242 collects the data from inverter 106 and sensors 1 10, 1 12, 1 13, 1 14, execution moves to step 470 wherein MID 210 establishes communication with server 300. In order to establish communication, processor 242 initiates communication with server 300 at sub-step 470-2.

Execution then moves to decision sub-step 470-4 wherein it is determined if a response from the server 300 is received within a pre-defined period of time. If a response is not received within that time period, then the collected data is stored in serial flash memory 244 at step 476 for subsequent transmission to server 300, and execution returns to sub-step 470-2. If MID 210 receives a response from server 300, then execution moves to step 480 wherein processor 242 transmits the collected data to server 300. MID 210 may also send time of day, date and possibly other information to server 300 prior to termination. An application on server 300 will analyze and produce the data in different formats for display for viewing via a web browser or other software application by the owner of the solar system (anywhere), and/or by the installer and/or manufacturer of the system if they have been so enabled by the owner, as known by those skilled in the art. Following this, communication with server is terminated at step 500.

[0061] As stated above, step 470 (wherein MID 210 establishes

communication with server 300) is represented by sub-steps 470-2 and 470-4. In operation, MID 210 performs step 470 (i.e., sub-steps 470-2 and 470-4) in detail as follows. Processor 242 initiates communication with server 300 by transmitting a MAC address assigned to MID 210 (stored in memory 242a) to an IP address assigned to server 300 over Internet 310. The IP address of server 300 is pre- programmed in memory 242a of processor 242 when MID 210 is manufactured. The installer will send the MAC address of MID 210 to server 300 upon installation so that server 300 can properly identify MID 210. The installer will preferably send the data by accessing a website over Internet 320 from server 300. However, the installer may actually call the server administrator and advise of the MAC address, and the server administrator will enter the MAC address into the server

application.

[0062] Communication from MID 210 to server 300 is in hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) format, but those skilled in the art know that other formats may be used. Then, server 300 authenticates (i.e., identifies) MID 210, and issues a 64 bit random number as a credential or identification (ID) and then server 300 terminates the connection. Then again, MID 210 initiates communication with server 300 by transmitting the MID's MAC address and the randomly issued 64 bit number as the ID. Server 300 authenticates the communication. Upon

subsequent connections, MID 210 must initiate communication with the MAC address and the issued ID. If server 300 does not respond to initial

communication, the collected data is stored in memory 244 as described above for subsequent communication between MID 210 and server 300.

[0063] As for the connection to server 300, server 300 processes the data received from MID 210 (from the field), as instructed by the server application for such data. In short, server 300 parses the data into tables based upon the identification (ID) of the type of the inverter by MID 210 (the MID in the field). The connection string indicates, via an identifier, the type of inverter 106 connected. The data is then directed to the table representing that inverter 106 (in field) by server 300. Those skilled in the art know, after reading this disclosure, however, that the server application may process and/or present the data received from MID 210 in any manner or format to achieve the results in this disclosure.

[0064] As indicated above with to the steps of the method in Fig. 4, communication is established between MID 210 (of the monitoring system 200) and inverter 106. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, MID 210 is configured to set operational parameters (also known as ancillary services), i.e., make changes within inverter 106 in response to a signal or command from a utility (or a smartgrid). These changes may be made in response to a pricing signal or some performance signals such as VAR (volt- amperes reactive) or voltage support.

[0065] The paragraphs below set forth specific detailed examples of the communication steps described above between MID 210 and server 300. In particular, there are shown examples of the initial communication, a typical communication and a value change (i.e., a change in parameter of the MID 210 is changed by the server 300) contained in the communication between MID 210 and server 300. Those skilled in the art, however, will know, after reading this disclosure, that other steps may be employed to achieve communication and data transmission.

[0066] The firmware in MID 210 discussed herein is preferably

programmed in C-programming language, but one skilled in the art knows that other programming languages may be used for the firmware.

[0067] Although the illustrative embodiment depicts the steps of the firmware above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention with any number of steps in any order to achieve a similar outcome (e.g., to establish communication between and MID 210 and an inverter to collect performance data of a PV system and/or collect data from a solar thermal system as well as establish communication with a server to transmit collected data to the server for analysis and viewing.)

[0068] In another embodiment of the method described above in Fig. 4,

MID 210 may be configured to transmit data at scheduled times to reduce data traffic to the (host) server 300. In this instance, the time of the transmission schedule can be coordinated in any fashion with the inverter interrogation schedule. In short, data can be collected and data can be transmitted at any desired intervals, and the collection of the data and the transmission of the data need not be on the same interval.

[0069] In an alternative embodiment, the processor may be configured to monitor wind energy system, heat pump performance and/or other common devices such as weather stations as may fit within the inputs of the MID or other MODBUS devices (as described above) such as BTU Meter 107 and Power Meter 109. For these MODBUS devices (e.g., BTU Meter 107 and power meter 109), the same steps of the method in Fig. 4 would apply. For example, MID 210 would identify the device type similar to step 400 (e.g., transmit a command to the device and wait to receive a response similar to sub-steps 400-2 and 400-4). If a response is timely received (i.e., within a predefined period of time), it would be validated and MID 210 would query the device for data. If a response is not timely received, a second command would be transmitted and MID 210 would wait for a response. This sequence would repeat with different commands until a response is received (or until the command transmission sequence is complete without a response). Next, the data would be collected and transmitted to server 300 once communication between MID 210 and server has been established as shown in steps 470 (470-2) and (470-4), 476, 480 and 500 of Fig. 4 and described above.

[0070] With the MID currently described herein, both solar electric systems and solar thermal systems together are monitored, the specific inverter is identified for monitoring and the system data is sent via an interface from the MID. In addition, with the MID described, (by way of a BTU Meter and a power meter) a BTU system and a electrical power circuit (or system) may also be monitored. Other advantages will be known to those skilled in the art.

[0071] Examples of Communication Between MID 210 and Server 300

[0072] The proposed HTTP sequence (requires an HTTP client on MID

210) is shown below in examples. The field descriptions are also shown below.

[0073] A. Initial Communication Example

[0074] The following describes the communication (HTTP) between an MID

210 device and server 300 on the very first connection. As described above, server 300 will have assigned an IP address ("server_300_IP_Address.com"). MID 210 is assigned a MAC address. MID 210 is also identified as "client" below. MID 210 will send the data it has and receive a 64 bit random number from server 300.

Client Opens connection to www.server_300_IP_Address.com on port 80

Client sends POST message in the form:

POST /app/device HTTP/1 .1 Host: www.server_310_IP_Address.conn

Id: A1 :12:34:56:78:90:AB

Cr:

{"AD1 ":1045,"lnput1 ":true,"lnverterType":"Type1 ","lnverterData":"4 355.9 2.92 1039 239.5 4.12_974 40 3229 X 5000xi","Temp1 ":"78.5", "Temp2":"99.3":"Temp3":"89.0"}

Server sends response

HTTP/1 .1 200 OK

Date: Fri, 31 Dec 1999 23:59:59 GMT

{"Cmd":"bye","Cr":"12345678"}

-Server Terminates Session- -Client Closes Socket-

[0075] B. Typical Communication Example

[0076] The following describes the typical communication between the client

(i.e., MID 210) and the server 300. In this example the MID 210 has already received a 64 bit random number from server 300.

Client Opens connection to www.server_300_IP_Address.com on port 80

Client sends POST

POST /MID 210 HTTP/1 .1

Host: www.server_310_IP_Address.com

Id: A1 :12:34:56:78:90:AB

Cr: 12345678

Server sends response

HTTP/1 .1 200 OK

Date: Fri, 31 Dec 1999 23:59:59 GMT

{"Cmd":"0"}

-Server Terminates Session- -Client Closes Socket- [0077] C. Value Change Communication Example

[0078] The following describes a possible communication between the client (i.e., MID 210) and server 300 where the server 300 changes a value on the client (e.g., change the website MID 210 accesses).

Client Opens connection to www.server_300_IP address.com on port 80

Client sends POST

POST /MID 210 HTTP/1 .1

Host: www.server_310_IP_Address.com

Id: A1 :12:34:56:78:90:AB

Cr: 12345678

Server sends response

HTTP/1 .1 200 OK

Date: Fri, 31 Dec 1999 23:59:59 GMT

{"Cmd":"set","name":"Host","value":"www.server _310 IP Address2.com

"}

Client sends POST

POST /MID 210 HTTP/1 .1

Host: www.server_310_IP_Address.com

Id: A1 :12:34:56:78:90:AB

Cr: 12345678

{"status":true}

Server sends response

HTTP/1 .1 200 OK

Date: Fri, 31 Dec 1999 23:59:59 GMT

{"Cmd":"bye"}

-Server Terminates Session- -Client Closes Socket—

[0079] Field Descriptions

Client Headers:

Post path = www.server_300_IP_Address.com Id = Device Type pre-pended to the MAC address of client

(colons within MAC address are OK but could be removed.) Device Type = A1 (MID 210 rev 1 )

Cr = Random number assigned by server on very first

connection. Blank if the server hasn't assigned one yet

Client Data (JSON Encoded):

AD1 = Analog to Digital 1 input value (raw value from A/D) - currently used for Pump State - integer number, range 0-4095

AD2 = Analog to Digital 2 input value (raw value from A/D) - integer number, range 0-4095

Inputl = false (if low/open)

true (if high/closed)

lnverterType= Type1 -> Kaco

Type2 -> Fronius

Type3 -> SMA

others ("other types of inverters")

InverterData = literal string from inverter

Tempx = temperature from probe in °C.

Status = true -> command/value received OK

false -> command/value invalid

Server Data (JSON Encoded):

Cr = Credentials: 64bit random number to be used in all subsequent connections

Cmd = Command to instruct the MID 210 device. Most likely to set the random number or change a setting (such as call-in frequency etc ..)

[0080] It is to be understood that this disclosure teaches examples of the illustrative embodiment and that many variations of the invention can easily be devised by those skilled in the art after reading this disclosure and that the scope of the present invention is to be determined by the claims below.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1 . A monitoring interface device ("MID") for a monitoring system for monitoring renewable energy systems, the MID comprising:

a processor;

a memory, wherein the memory is configured with instructions which, when executed, cause the processor to:

identify an inverter of a renewable energy system to enable the MID to communicate with the inverter.

2. The MID of claim 1 wherein the memory is configured with instructions which, when executed, cause the processor to:

query the inverter for data.

3. The MID of claim 1 wherein the memory is configured with instructions which, when executed, cause the processor to:

collect the data from the inverter.

4. The MID of claim 1 wherein the identifying by the processor includes transmitting a first command to the inverter.

5. The MID of claim 1 wherein the data comprises performance data of a renewable energy system.

6. The MID of claim 4 wherein the identifying by the processor includes validating the inverter if the response is received within a predefined period of time.

7. The MID of claim 4 wherein the identifying by the processor includes transmitting a second command by the processor to the inverter if a response is not received from the inverter within a predefined period of time of transmitting the first command.

8. The MID of claim 7 wherein the first command and the second command are different.

9. The MID of claim 3 wherein the memory is configured with instructions which, when executed, cause the processor to:

establish communication with a server.

10. The MID of claim 9 wherein the memory is configured with instructions which, when executed, cause the processor to: transmit the data to the server.

1 1 . The MID of claim 3 wherein the memory is configured with instructions which, when executed, cause the processor to:

storing the data.

12. The MID of claim 1 wherein the processor includes the memory.

13. The MID of claim 1 wherein the processor and memory are separate components.

14. The MID of claim 1 wherein the renewable energy system comprises a solar electric system.

15. The MID of claim 1 wherein the renewable energy system comprises a wind generation system.

16. A monitoring interface device ("MID") for a system for monitoring renewable energy systems, the MID comprising:

a processor;

monitor a solar electric system; and

monitor a solar thermal system.

17. The MID of claim 16 wherein monitoring the solar electric system includes identifying an inverter of the solar electric system to enable the MID to communicate with the inverter.

18. The MID of claim 16 wherein monitoring the solar electric system by the processor includes collect data from an inverter of the solar electric system.

19. The MID of claim 16 wherein monitoring the solar electric system by the processor includes collect data from the solar thermal system.

20. A method of establishing communication between a monitoring interface device (MID) and an inverter of a renewable energy system, the method comprising:

identifying the inverter to enable the MID to communicate with inverter.

21 . The method of claim 20 wherein identifying includes:

transmitting a first command to the inverter; and validating the inverter if the MID receives a response from the inverter within a predefined period of time.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein identifying further includes:

transmitting a second command different from the first command to the inverter, if a response from the inverter is not received within the predefined period of time of transmitting the first command; and

validating the inverter if a response from the inverter is received within the predefined time from transmitting the second command.

23. The method of claim 20 further comprising querying data from the inverter subsequent to identifying the inverter.

24. The method of claim 23 further comprising collecting the data from the inverter.

25. The method of claim 23 wherein the data comprises performance data of the solar electric system.

26. The method of claim 24 further comprising transmitting data from the inverter to a server.

27. A method of establishing communication between a monitoring interface device (MID) and renewable energy systems, the method comprising: monitoring a solar electric system; and

monitoring a solar thermal system.

28. The method of claim 27 wherein monitoring the solar electric system includes identifying an inverter of the solar electric system to enable the MID to communicate with the inverter.

29. The method of claim 27 monitoring the solar electric system includes querying the inverter for data.

30. The method of claim 27 wherein monitoring the solar electric system includes collecting data from the solar electric system and the solar thermal system.

31 . The method of claim 27 wherein monitoring the solar electric system includes collecting data from the solar electric system and transmitting commands setting at least one parameter within the inverter in response to a signal from a smartgrid or utility.