WO2011152700A1

WO2011152700A1 - A palm growth underground formulation

Info

Publication number: WO2011152700A1
Application number: PCT/MY2010/000093
Authority: WO
Inventors: Polachi Reddiar Raja
Original assignee: Biotrack Technology (M) Sdn Bhd
Priority date: 2010-06-04
Filing date: 2010-06-04
Publication date: 2011-12-08
Also published as: MY172450A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a palm growth underground formulation, wherein the formulation contains arbuscular mycorrhizal dormant spores and substrates selected from a group of silica, carbon or any combination thereof.

Description

A PALM GROWTH UNDERGROUND FORMULATION

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention refers to a palm growth underground formulation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Agricultural sector is now facing an unprecedented problem to produce long term sustainable agriculture practices to produce healthy food, oil and fiber for human.

Sustainability of crop production in agro ecosystems is dependent on many factors such as physical structures and chemical and biological balances in the soil. Major disturbances to soil systems such as crop removal, cultivation, compaction, chemical applications, hydrologic forces and extremes in environmental conditions may alter the balances that are necessary for optimum plant growth.

Agriculture researchers have discovered the bio-based systems of farming that are at once productive, profitable and sustainable for the indefinite future. The agriculture and plantations crop production base is a healthy plant-soil system. One type of organism stands out amount his host of microbes-fungi that penetrate the living cells of plants without harming them and whose hyphae at the same time range far into the bulk soil, establishing equally intimate contact with the microbiota of soil aggregates and microsites. This fungus link between soil and plant, transporting mineral nutrients to the plant and carbon compounds to the soil and its fungus. This solution is used in crop production, soil conservation and nutrient mobilization as well as in interaction between fungus and plant.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the present invention provides a palm growth underground formulation, wherein the formulation contains a 1 -5 % of arbuscular mycorrhizal dormant spores and a 80-95% w/w substrate selected from a group of silica, carbon or any combination thereof. The present invention consists of several novel features and a combination of parts hereinafter fully described and illustrated in the accompanying description, it being understood that various changes in the details may be made without departing from the scope of the invention or sacrificing any of the advantages of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention refers to a palm growth underground formulation. Hereinafter, this specification will describe the present invention according to the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, it is to be understood that limiting the description to the preferred embodiments of the invention is merely to facilitate discussion of the present invention and it is envisioned that those skilled in the art may devise various modifications and equivalents without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

The current invention aims to provide an underground symbiosis formulation which will improve palm growth which is a waste-to-wealth formulation to other available composition. In particular, the formulation should preferably improve the shelf-life, easy to storage, environmental friendly material, easy to apply in the palm and other crop

Mycorrhizal fungi play a crucial role in facilitating both microbial and plant functions by acting as mediators of nutrient exchange between plant and fungus. This mycorrhizal fungi in the plant soil system the fungi improve the health and development of their host by enhancing plant nutrition and disease and stress resistance, the more vigorous plant is a better source of Carbon to the soil which encourages the activity of the soil micro flora, the products of microbial metabolism enhance soil aggregation and better soil structure permits better plant and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF)-fungal growth.

The main objective of the current invention is reduction on phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium chemical fertilizers and particular phosphorus nutrient absorption by association of palm rhizosphere hair root with newly formulated active dormant spores.

Second objective of the current invention is to prevention of roots diseases against pathogens. The mycorrhizal fungi increases nutrient uptake resulting in more vigorously growing plants better able to ward off or tolerate root disease.

The current invention improves soil structure. The mycorrhizal and root interaction brings root exudates with lot of enzymes and help soil structure. Third objective to is to protect against drought, salinity and heavy metals. Fourth objective to improve the hardening process of tissue culture raised plants

At least one of the above objects is fulfilled partially or wholly in the present invention with the embodiment of a palm growth improving formulation consists of silica, natural carbon, rice burn husk and coconut husk or any combination derives thereof, and dormant viable endomycorrhizal spores.

The current formulation consists any one or mixed combination of the endomycorrhizal genus, Acaulospra, Glomus, Gigaspora, Scutellospora and Sclerocystis and includes 12 species.

The term "substrate" used in throughout of the disclosure refers to a formulation used to mixed mycorrhizal fungal dormant spores to specific or common agriculture, horticulture, forestry plants. The substrate is mixed with mycorrhizal viable A F spores suitable for all crops, plants able to colonize more efficiently to promote and uptake the nutrients from rhizosphere soil area. The substrate is suitable for contusive environment and retains moisture level and enables longer shelf life of the product.

The current formulation which is able to increase crop growth comprises substrate selected from a group of sterile silica, carbon or any formulation thereof; and mycorrhizal dormant spores. The sterile silica and carbon is used as a substrate to bring dormant spores to do wonder of underground symbiosis in specific or common plants. The easily and cheap materials available and physio-chemical properties is suitable for substrate for the current invention brings cost effective to the propagated formulation and easy to handle and application to the specific or common plant underground rhizosphere soil. The different types of AMF species accommodate the current invention of formulation and their unique characteristic of soil conditions.

In the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the formulation contains a cocktail mixture of 12 species of AMF - genus of Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Glomus, Scutellospora and Sclerocystis with a healthy spore count 251 -300/1 Og. The formulation is a living bio-growth plant growth enhancer isolated from tropical soil is added as an additional feature. The formulation has a shelf life is 24 months under normal storage conditions. The formulation as per the present invention is more viable mycorrhizal spores which posses longer shelf life, easy-to-apply, environmental friendly features and maximize the underground colonization and symbiosis, better growth and higher yield.

The current invention aims to have the specific or common plant fast growth and healthy rhizosphere soils. The mode of action takes place when the formulation of the present invention colonizes the underground roots and extended the hyphae in rhizosphere soil and inside the roots. The external hyphae produces specific enzymes called phosphatase, this enzyme breakdown insoluble phosphorus to soluble phosphorous; this will promote more root hairs and efficient nutrient uptake from soil and better plant growth. The current formulation contains 5 genus and 12 species of dormant mycorrhizal spores are suitable for all type of soil and crops. The species of mycorrhiza is more specific for soil type and geographically. The invention is able to function in all geographically and climatic conditions.

The current formulation attains 251-300 dormant spores/1 Og sample. The more spores in a sample, get more penetration or entry points in underground plant root symbiosis, it play important role to establish the fine hyphal network and mobile the macro and micro nutrients especially phosphorus.

The current formulation prevents root pathogen diseases like fusarium, phytophthora and ganoderma diseases. The interaction between fungus and plant root system produced cellulose enzymes. These enzymes improve root thickens the formation of high cellulose deposition. This will help to protect against pathogen. The current invention is tested in palm and different plants and given the results as thereto:

EXAMPLE 1

The oil palm (Elaeis) is one of the major cultivation in Malaysia. The oil palm industry plays a major role in commercial agricultural palm oil production.

Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a root fungus and a plant. In a mycorrhizal association the root fungus forms intracellular or extra cellular interaction between the host roots. Arbuscular mycorrhiza forms an intracellular interaction by form vesicle and arbuscule in the root system.

In environment most vascular plants acquire phosphate from either directly, via roots, or by mycorrhizal symbiotic interaction. This AM symbiosis develops in the plant where it forms vesicle and arbuscule inside the root. The fungal penetrate the cortical cell wall and differentiate to form branched like structure known arbuscules. Even though it develops within the cell, it is essentially apoplastic as the plasma membrane remains intact. This symbiosis is generally mutual benefits, the plant host provides carbon to the obligate biotrophic fungal symbiont, while the fungus assassins the plant to observe inorganic phosphate (Pi) where the fungus develops an extensive network of hyphae within the soil.

Phosphorus is an essential mineral nutrient for the growth and development of plants but its availability is limited and not easy to access to plant due to its low solubility and mobility in soil. In response to persistent Pi deficiency, plants have evolved several mechanisms to enhance the uptake by secrets phosphatases, organic acids, and increase the mobility of soil Pi. With this symbiotic relationship the plants are able to observe Pi via the fungus mycelium. Phosphorus serves various basic cellular functions in bioenergetics (coupled to the biosynthesis adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) and in the activation of metabolic intermediates, as a component in signal transduction cascades and the post-translational regulation of enzymes and as a structural element in nucleic acids and phospholipids. Phosphorus is a major limiting nutrient for plant productivity, mainly because of its low mobility in soil. Like all other mineral nutrients, phosphorus enters the biosphere predominantly via the phosphate through the root system of plants, where it is absorbed as inorganic orthophosphate (Pi), which is the preferred form taken up by plants. Following its uptake, Pi is distributed to various sink tissues such as growing roots, developing leaves, flowers and seeds. It circulates through the vascular network allowing complex control mechanisms to co-ordinate the distribution of Pi in plant.

This mutual association provides the fungus and the plant share the benefits by up taking the nutrient for the better growth. The phosphate enzyme studies between mycorrhiza and oil palm will be helpful to improve the nutrient uptake for the quality of the palm, dieses control, and also help to promote the yield and help to reduce the usage of phosphate fertilizer.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The experiment was planned to select and screen the most suitable condition of soil, fertilizer, stylized condition and application of phosphate in the presence of Mycorrhiza to enhance the seedlings growth by improving the uptake of phosphorus. Cocktail mixture of AM spores consists of 5 different genus and 12 species used to treat under normal nursery practice using growth medium with mixture of sand and soil with 1 :2 ratio respectively. One portion of soil mixture sterilized using gamma radiation (25Kps) to measure the growth of seedlings in stylized medium. The fertilizer used was compound fertilizer and slow release fertilizer. Pre-germinated oil palm seeds grown and harvested after 12 months from the polybags. The vegetative growth and root colonization observed every 3months.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND TREATMENT

The experimental design was 4x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial spilt-spilt block based on RCBD with 3 replicates with 30 seedlings per replicate. The treatment were, 2 level of fertilizer (soluble fertilizer and slow release fertilizer in sterilize medium and non sterilize medium with 3 different level of mycorrhiza inoculums (25g, 50g, 75g) in the presence of phosphate and non phosphate.

Each level of mycorrhiza was tested with slow release fertilizer and soluble fertilizer on the surface of the soil after the seedlings been planted. Each level also tested with sterilized and non-sterilized soil and treated with 10g of phosphate by spread 10cm below the soil before planting in all the level. Cocktail mixture of AM spores consists of 5 different genus and 12 species, Acaulospora bireticulata, Acaulospora leavis, Gigaspora margarita, Gigaspora rosea, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus geosporum, Glomus intraradies, Glomus mosseae, Scutellospora calospora, Sclerocystis pachycaulis were used in this invention. The inoculums were added in every polybag except for control 10cm below the soil before planting. This invention was conducted in open area in Taman Pertanian, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). The polybags were arranged in a random pattern and watered twice a day. Weed control and insecticides been applied in regular basis to avoid weeds and insects.

TRIAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

STERILIZED SOIL UNSTERILIZED SOIL

No. Testing batch Compound Slow release Compound Slow release Poly bags x

Fertilizer fertilizer Fertilizer fertilizer 3 replicates

1 Control X 90

2 25 grm RHIZAgold X 90

3 50 grm RHIZAgold X 90

4 75 grm RHIZAgold X 90

5 Control X 90

6 25 grm RHIZAgold X 90

7 50 grm RHIZAgold X 90

8 75 grm RHIZAgold X 90

9 Control X 90

10 25 grm RHIZAgold X 90

11 50 grm RHIZAgold X 90

12 75 grm RHIZAgold X 90

13 Control X 90 14 25 grm RHIZAgold X 90

15 50 grm RHIZAgold X 90

16 75 grm RHIZAgold X 90

Total 1440

RESULTS

The data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA model using procedure (P=0.05) to test for the significant differences. All statistical analysis was performed using SAS (version 9) program.

The AM inoculated seedlings shows significant different in root biomass, and seedlings growth compare to non inoculated seedlings in compound fertilizer, slow release fertilizers as well as sterilized soil and in unsterilized soil condition. Although the dosage of mycorrhiza also not gives significant difference and the presence of phosphate suppress the growth of mycorrhiza.

Referring to the sample collected, huge difference seen in the plants treated with mycorrhiza inoculums in the presence of compound fertilizer compare to control follows with slow release fertilizer. All the sterile soil seedlings do not perform well when compare to the unsterilized soil.

The vegetative growth difference between the control plants and the treated plants shows significance difference in all the treatments and replicates. The first 3 months, most of the plants growth are more or less same and the sterile soil seedlings gives the highest difference in root biomass, and dry weight compare to others but when times go on in the month of 6, 9 and 12 the treated plants looks more healthier and recorded the highest root dry weight and shoot weight compare to control and sterile soil plants.

After 6 months, the treated seedlings found that plants roots are extensively colonized by mycorrhiza fungi. Mycorrhizal growth promotion is generally observed in more stressful condition. Since the seedling been grown in the polybags for 12 months, the nutrient level is low compare to the field planted Seedling, they depends on the nutrient supplied into the plant, in this nutrient deficiency condition the mycorrhiza treated palm gives best result in terms of root weight, shoot weight and dry weigh when compare to the control plants.

In the end of the trial, in the 12 month, the mycorrhiza treated palm in the presence of compound fertilizer, in unsterilized soil without phosphate recorded the highest value among all the treatment carried out in the trial. The UT3 seedlings give the best condition for the mycorrhiza colonization and high value in root biomass; shoot dry weight and plants height followed by US3 which was used slow release fertilizer. Both the treatment used 75g of mycorrhiza inoculums.

CONCLUSION Mycorrhiza inoculation effectively increased the root biomass in the presence of compound fertilizer instead of using phosphate for the plants growth, herewith recommended 75g of mycorrhiza inoculums is sufficient for healthier palm in the whole 12 month duration of time, this at the same time can save the cost spend in the phosphate application. Mycorrhiza can be used as an alternative remedy for a heartier plant, increase in yield, save cost and environmental friendly. The phosphate application can lead to unfertile soil and harmful to native microorganism present in the soil, unlike mycorrhiza which fertile the soil.

EXAMPLE 2

The main objective of this trial is to evaluate the effect of inoculated RHIZAgold and artificially cultured Ganoderma rubber block in oil palm nursery stage. Basal stem rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma boninense is the most serious disease of oil palm in Malaysia and Indonesia. The disease was found in old palm plantation and currently its severe to damage younger palm less than two years. BSR brings losses through direct reduction in the stands, reduction of FFB and overall yield loss. The new formulation was tested in oil palm seedlings inoculated with artificially grown Ganoderma boninense (MPOB PER 71), rubber block. Three replicates of 30 palm seedlings were used for each treatment. The experimental design comprises 4 treatments and observed every month on Ganoderma infected seedlings as well as dead seedlings due to Ganoderma. The results showed the new invention formulation is preventing the palm seedling against Ganoderma pathogen. This result showed statistically the difference between new formulation product and control and Ganoderma inoculated seedlings. The experimental treatments and data are given the below tables.

Table 1 : Experimental treatments

* Values with the same letter are not significantly different (P=0.05) Table 3: Number of seedlings dead with Ganoderma

^* Values with the same letter are not significantly different (P=0.05)

EXAMPLE 3

A trial was done on 40 Ha oil palm replanting plot in 2004 with disclosed formulation and control. The disclosed formulation was applied 500g each planting hole. The first harvest was observed and Fresh Fruit Bunch was recorded higher than control (normal estate practices) and subsequently yield was increased 2^nd and 3^rd year harvest data. Data was collected based on the 40 Ha plot with each Ha stand is 136. The initial 3-year result is given in below table. The oil palm bunch weight was increased gradually in every year 0.87, 1.22 and 2.84 Mt/Ha respectively and it showed positive effect on oil palm yield once they applied our new formulation mix compare to control. The initial data was given below table

EXAMPLE 4

Aquilaria maiaccensis is one of 15 tree species in the Indomalesian genus species of Thymelaeaceae family. It is a large evergreen tree growing up to 40 m tall and 1.5-2.5 m in diameter, found typically in mixed forest habitat in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Iran, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Aquilaria maiaccensis is the major source of, resin-impregnated heartwood that is fragrant and highly valuable. There are many names for this resinous wood, including agarwood, aloe(s) wood, eaglewood, gaharu and kalamabak. This wood is in high demand for medicine, incense and perfume across Asia and the Middle East. The resin is produced by the tree in response to infection by a parasitic Ascomycetous mould, Phaeoacremonium parasitica a dematiaceous (dark-walled) fungus. Due to the high demand on this fragrance wood, many research has been taken and many technology been introduced to cultivate and mass produce this CITES listed plant. Tissue culture method been widely used to develop the quality and production of this species and in addition to that introducing mycorrhiza to this Aquilaria maiaccensis is another step taken to produce a better quality of this fragrance wood.

Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a root fungus and a plant. In a Mycorrhizal association the root fungus forms intracellular or extra cellular interaction between the host roots. Arbuscular mycorrhiza forms an intracellular interaction by form vesical and arbuscule in the root system. In environment most vascular plants acquire phosphate from either directly, via roots, or by mycorrhizal symbiotic interaction. This AM symbiosis develops in the plant where it forms vesicle and arbuscule inside the root. The fungal penetrate the cortical cell wall and differentiate to form branched like structure known arbuscules. Even though it develops within the cell, it is essentially apoplastic as the plasma membrane remains intact. This symbiosis is generally mutual benefits, the plant host provides carbon to the obl!gately biotrophic fungal symbiont, while the fungus assists the plant to observe inorganic phosphate (Pi) where the fungus develops an extensive network of hyphae within the soil. Phosphorus is an essential mineral nutrient for the growth and development of plants but its availability is limited and not easy to eccess to plant due to its low solubility and mobility in soil. In response to persistent Pi deficiancy, plants have evolved several mechanisms to enhance the uptake by secrets phosphatases, organic acids, and increase the mobility of soil Pi. With this symbiotic relationship the plants are able to observe Pi via the fungus mycelium.

OBJECTIVES

The experiment was planned to observe the mycorrhiza colonization in Karas (Aquilana malaccensis (pk7)). The trial was set up on 4^th of January 2009 and field data collection was conducted after 3 month and 6 month which was April 2009 and August 2009. The experiment was setup in tissue culture green house in world-renowned Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM) to collect sample and analysis the colonization and the vegetative growth.

The objective of these studies is to observe and collect data on root sample for analysis for mycorrhiza colonization and comparison studies between control and mycorrhiza inoculated plants. The root was sampled and brought to the applicant's R&D laboratory for further inspection and analysis. MATERIALS AND METHOD

A few Karas varieties were used for this experiment. Different dosage of cocktail mixture of arbuscular mycorrhiza spores consists of 5 different genus and 12 species used to treat under normal greenhouse nursery practice using growth medium in polybags.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

RESULT AND OBSERVATION

The present formulation-treated Karas was observed and recorded increased growth in shoot and root growth, dry weight compared to the control. Root dry weight and shoot dry weight are higher in biomass compared to control (Table 1 and 2). Number of leaves, Height of seedling and Girth was recorded higer then control as well. In the present applicant's lab analysis the Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization was observed and noticed the arbuscules, vesicles and fine hyphae. The average percentage of colonization was recorded 50-70% in the 6^th month. The highest colonization was recorded in AK2 and AK3 compared to other dosages. The AMF colonization was nil in Control.

Table 1: KARAS 3^rd MONTH DATA

Root Spore

Root dry shoot shoot dry Height infection count

Root weight (g) weight(G) weight(G) we!ght(G) (cm) No. of leaves (%)

AC1 0.37 0.04 0.97 0.3 13.9 8 - -

AK1 1.2 0.24 ^' 1.94 0.535 17.75 13 10% -

AK2 1.03 0.18 2.33 0.64 18.17 11 25% -

AK3 0.91 0.14 1.88 0.54 18.17 10 25%

* min value of 3 replicates Table 2: KARAS 6^tn MONTH DATA

Root Spore

Root weight Root dry shoot shoot dry Height No. of infection count

(g) weight(G) weight(G) weight(G) (cm) leaves W (%)

AC1 1.3 0.26 3.47 2.07 38.67 9 0.5 - -

AK1 1.93 0.4 5.7 2.6 41.67 12 0.63 50 % 20

AK2 2.13 0.52 6.43 2.76 44.67 13 0.83 55 % 32

AK3 2.5 0.49 6.67 3.06 49.69 11 0.8 65% 46

* min value of 3 replicates CONCLUSION Mycorrhiza inoculated plants shows good growth of root biomass when compare to control and mycorrhiza inoculated plant in (AK3) gives higher percentage of root colonization when compare to other treatment, the mycorrhiza colonization was observed and noticed the arbuscular and fine hyphae in average more than 50% in all treatment in 6^th month plants. Thus, AK3 shows highest percentage of 65% root colonization in 6^th month and recorded the highest value of vegetative difference when compare to other treatment (refer to Tables 1 and 2 above) This scenario occurs because, the increase of dosage which was 20grm of RHIZAgold leads to maximum percentage of penetration in the root system .

As research shows that, the main function of mycorrhiza is to uptake the phosphorus from soil by develops an extensive network of hyphae and delivers to plants when the plants needs, and the growth of the plants will be healthier naturally due to the strong foundation of the root system from nursery stage itself.

Herewith, mycorrhiza can be used as an alternative remedy for healthier plant, increase in yield, save cost, environmental friendly, and reduce application of chemical fertilizer EXAMPLE 5

Aquilaria hirta (Chandan) is a genus of 15 species of trees in the Thymelaeaceae, native to Southeast Asia. They occur particularly in the rain forests of Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Northern India, the Philippines, Borneo and New Guinea. The trees grow to 6-20 m tall. The leaves are alternate, 5-1 1 cm long and 2-4 cm broad, with a short acuminate apex and an entire margin. The flowers are yellowish-green, produced in an umbel, the fruit is a woody capsule 2.5-3 cm long.

The genus is best known as the principal producer of the resin-suffused agarwood. The depletion of wild trees from indiscriminate cutting for agarwood has resulted in the trees being listed and protected as an endangered species. Projects are currently underway in some countries in Southeast Asia to infect cultivated Aquilaria trees artificially to produce agarwood in a sustainable manner.

Knowing the commercial value of this agarwood, the present applicant has collaborated with FRIM to conduct a trial to introduce mycorrhiza to this species for better quality and to improve the survival rate of tissue culture plant.

A pre-nursery data collection was conducted on 4^th January 2009 on Chandan in FRIM to collect the data in RHIZAgold inoculated plants. During the visit, Chandan root and shoot samples were collected for vegetative measurements and mycorrhizal colonization analysis in Biotrack Laboratory.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to observe and collect the vegetative and root growth development. Shoot and root was sampled and brought back to the applicant's R&D laboratory for further inspection. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

The Chandan variety was used for this experiment. Different dosage of cocktail mixture of arbuscular mycorrhiza spores consists of 5 different genus and 12 species used to treat under normal greenhouse nursery practice using growth medium in polybags. Treatment RHIZAgold 1 2 3 Total Dosage

AD1 5g 20 20 20 60

AD2 10g 20 20 20 60

AD3 20g 20 20 20 60

AC Control 20 20 20 60

TOTAL 240

OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS

Overall the formulation of the present invention-treated plants was observed and recorded increased growth in shoot and root growth, dry weight compared to the control. Root dry weight and shoot dry weight are higher in biomass compared to control (Tables 1 and 2). Number of fronds, Height of seedling and Girth was recorded higher then control as well. In the applicant's lab analysis the Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization was observed and the arbuscules, vesicles and fine hyphae were also noticed. The average percentage of colonization was recorded 50-70% in the 6^th month. Besides the highest colonization was recorded in AD3 (20g) dosage compare to other dosage. In control the colonization is nil. Table I

RESULT AND OBSERVATION

CHANDAN 3^rd MONTH DATA

Root weight Root dry shoot shoot dry Height Root Spore

(g) weight(G) weight(G) weight(G) (cm) No. of leaves colonization count

AC2 0.38 0.03 1.05 0.24 12 6 -

AD1 0.56 0.06 1.54 0.37 13 7 25%

AD2 0.56 0.06 1.9 0.44 14.33 8 30%

AD3 0.65 0.07 1.75 0.32 13.67 8 30%

* min value of 3 replicate Table 2

RESULT AND OBSERVATION CHANDAN 6^th MONTH DATA

AMF Spore

Root Root dry shoot shoot dry Height No. of colonization weight (g) weight(G) weight(G) weight(G) (cm) leaves W count

AC2 1.08 0.20 4.40 2.03 25.33 6.67 0.40 - -

AD1 1.23 0.34 4.63 2.2 28.67 9.33 0.53 55% 12

AD2 1.36 0.45 5.83 2.97 31.67 12 0.7 65% 26

AD3 2.17 0.8 5.77 2.9 36 10 0.73 70% 40 * min value of 3 replicate CONCLUSION

Based on the our pre nursery trail results showed the increased growth and biomass in RHlZAgold inoculated plants compare to control and AD3 show best result compare to other treatment and dosage.

The formulation of the present invention is useful in nursery stage and field planting stage. Mycorrhiza is insurance for whole life of plant period and increase the survival rate in tissue culture plants.

Claims

1. A palm growth underground formulation, wherein the formulation contains a 1 -5 % of arbuscular mycorrhizal dormant spores and a 80-95% w/w substrate selected from a group of silica, carbon or any combination thereof.

2. The formulation as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the genus of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores is selected from any one or combination of the genus of Acaulospora, Gigapora, Glomus, Sclerosystis and Scuetllopsora.

3. The formulation as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the genus further includes species such as Acaulospora bireticulata, Acaulospora leavis, Gigaspora margarlta, Gigaspora rosea, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus geosporum, Glomus intraradies, Glomus mosseae, Scutellospora calospora, Sclerocystis pachycaulis.

4. The formulation as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the arbuscular mycorrhizal spores are dormant viable spores with a content of 251 -300 plus/1 Og sample.