WO2012066360A1 - Improvements in or relating to inkjet printers - Google Patents

Improvements in or relating to inkjet printers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012066360A1
WO2012066360A1 PCT/GB2011/052279 GB2011052279W WO2012066360A1 WO 2012066360 A1 WO2012066360 A1 WO 2012066360A1 GB 2011052279 W GB2011052279 W GB 2011052279W WO 2012066360 A1 WO2012066360 A1 WO 2012066360A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ink
viscosity
temperature
printer
data
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2011/052279
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jonathan Morgan
Steven Geoffrey Luke
Stephen Edwin Chapman
Original Assignee
Domino Printing Sciences Plc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Domino Printing Sciences Plc filed Critical Domino Printing Sciences Plc
Publication of WO2012066360A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012066360A1/en

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/17Ink jet characterised by ink handling
    • B41J2/175Ink supply systems ; Circuit parts therefor
    • B41J2/17503Ink cartridges
    • B41J2/17543Cartridge presence detection or type identification
    • B41J2/17546Cartridge presence detection or type identification electronically
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/17Ink jet characterised by ink handling
    • B41J2/175Ink supply systems ; Circuit parts therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/17Ink jet characterised by ink handling
    • B41J2/195Ink jet characterised by ink handling for monitoring ink quality

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a continuous inkjet (CIJ) printer and, in particular, to a method for allowing ink viscosity and temperature data to be entered into printer.
  • CIJ continuous inkjet
  • Continuous inkjet printing involves the formation of electrically charged drops from a jet of ink and the subsequent deflection of the charged drops by an electric field to produce an image on a print medium.
  • electrically-conducting ink is forced through a nozzle by applying pressure to the ink.
  • the velocity of the jet requires control; often achieved by control of the constituency of the ink in conjunction with controlling the pressure.
  • Pressure control is usually achieved by varying the speed of the pump producing the flow with feedback from a pressure transducer. Feedback may also be derived from a velocity measurement device.
  • the constituency of the ink at a constant composition is normally achieved by controlling the ink viscosity. This involves adding one or more solvents to replace the solvents that have evaporated from running the continuous jet.
  • the jet of ink is formed into a controlled sequence of drops, each with an identical drop volume and with constant separation between adjacent drops, by a process termed modulation.
  • Modulation gives active and controlled drive to the natural process of jet break up.
  • Drop formation is usually achieved by modulating the ink pressure in a sinusoidal way at fixed frequency and amplitude, or by modulating the ink velocity relative to the nozzle.
  • a range of options and techniques to introduce pressure modulation, velocity modulation or a combination of both so that uniform drop sequences are obtained are known.
  • Drops to be printed are charged by capacitive coupling via charged plates in synchronization with the formation of the individual drops.
  • the amount of charge collected by each drop depends on many factors, including the potential of the charged plates, the accuracy of the synchronization of charging with drop formation and the composition of the ink.
  • the drops After charging, the drops travel through a constant electric field with field lines perpendicular to the jet. Charged drops are deflected by an amount that approximately scales with the charge on the drops. The electric field is formed by applying a high potential difference between two surfaces. Unused (uncharged) drops are collected by a gutter for ink re-flow and re-use. Printed drops are carried by their momentum until they settle upon a substrate to form a printed image.
  • the end user properties of the ink are affected by its composition. It has been demonstrated in the prior art that the control of viscosity is a convenient and effective means to achieve the control of ink composition. It is known therefore, by those skilled in the art, that the control of viscosity is closely related to the reliability of the printer.
  • Most continuous ink jet printers thus contain a means to measure viscosity, and a sensor to measure the temperature of the ink when its viscosity is characterized since for most fixed ink compositions, the viscosity of the ink will vary with temperature.
  • the printer compares the measured viscosity and temperature with values stored in a look up table and adds solvent to the ink if the measured viscosity is higher than the target viscosity. This storing of viscosity/temperature curves allows the printer to be configured to specific ink types.
  • Continuous ink jet printing inks are developed to give optimum performance in relation to two key constraints: a set of end user properties required for the desired interaction with the substrate, and the need to operate reliably within the printer.
  • the formulation of inks is particularly difficult to achieve because the process of turning streams of ink into droplets tends to form small droplets, that are satellite to the printing droplet, unless steps are taken to prevent their formation.
  • the presence of satellites often leads to printer failure as the small drops have a higher charge-to-mass ratio than the printing drops and are consequently deflected further by the aforementioned electric fields. This results in the print head becoming coated with ink and, ultimately, leads to printer failure.
  • satellites can be suppressed by the selection of appropriate ingredients that affect the dynamic viscosity behaviour of the ink and the polymer formulation.
  • the prediction of dynamic viscosity behaviour from molecular structure is non-trivial and so often heuristic methods are used in ink formulation.
  • One well known method for suppressing satellites uses polymers with well defined molecular weight distributions, however it is also commonly observed that two apparently identical polymer samples from different manufacturers can produce inks that have very different jetting properties. Further, from time-to-time polymer manufacturers modify or withdraw specific types of polymers necessitating a change in ink formulation. It should be clear from the preceding discussion that the task of replacing withdrawn materials is not as simple as finding an equivalent polymer from an alternate manufacturer, and using it.
  • the ink formulator will need to adjust other physical parameters such as density and viscosity to achieve good jetting behaviour.
  • look up tables for a particular ink presents a further problem for the ink formulator in that an ink needs to be produced that mimics the viscosity/ temperature look up table stored in the installed base of printers or, alternatively, the look-up tables within the installed base of printers must be changed.
  • the upgrade of software to change viscosity/temperature look-up tables for an installed base of continuous inkjet printers is extremely expensive and therefore presents a problem.
  • the invention provides a method of loading ink data into a control system of a continuous inkjet printer said method including embedding viscosity data within a code which includes the parameters of a mathematical function used to model the temperature/viscosity of the ink.
  • a code which includes the parameters of a mathematical function used to model the temperature/viscosity of the ink.
  • said data is provided in the form of two distinct codes.
  • said code is provided on an ink cartridge configured for fitting to said printer.
  • one of said codes represents viscosity/temperature data of an ink known to be suitable for a printer whilst the other of said codes contains data representative of a different formulation of ink.
  • the invention provides a method of configuring the electronic control system of a continuous inkjet printer said method including the step of programming said control system to calculate a relationship between viscosity and temperature for an ink using data derived from a code supplied with a cartridge containing said ink.
  • Preferably said method includes programming said control system to calculate a viscosity/temperature curve according to the expression:
  • the invention provides an ink cartridge having a plurality of security codes thereon.
  • codes are for use in the method set forth above.
  • Figure 1 shows an image of an ink cartridge label including coding
  • Figure 2 shows a plot of Arrhenius factors for a variety of printing inks.
  • the invention resides in embedding viscosity data within a security code, preferably in the form of two 8-bit words, that are the parameters of a mathematical function used to model the temperature/viscosity of the ink.
  • the printer control system is configured to read the codes and, if necessary, to calculate a viscosity/temperature curve using data derived from the code. This allows the control function to be modified each time fresh ink is added to the printer.
  • T temperature
  • ⁇ 0 is a coefficient
  • E is the activation energy
  • R is the universal gas constant or in mathematically equivalent form: where ⁇ is viscosity T is temperature, a' is the pre-exponential factor and b' the exponent.
  • ink viscosity and temperature can be defined with two parameters, a' and b' .
  • both viscosity and temperature must be expressed as two significant figures.
  • the viscosity must be characterised between 2-6cPs to one decimal place.
  • the temperature needs to be characterised in °C to the nearest 1°C.
  • printers originating from the present applicant prompt the user to enter a quality code when a reservoir or cartridge is added.
  • This code contains such information as a use-buy date (as the ink has a shelf life) and ink type. Based on the ink type the printer selects the appropriate viscosity/temperature curve from a look-up table.
  • the existing security code has been modified so that it contains a revision number for the viscosity table. If, on the first code being entered into the control system, the revision number is different from the version number of the viscosity table contained within the printer, then the user will be prompted to enter the second code that contains the revised viscosity information which enables the printer to calculate a new viscosity/temperature relationship in the manner described above.
  • an ink cartridge label 5 is shown having a first (ICC) code indicated at 6 and a second (EID) code indicated at 7.
  • the printer control panel will prompt the operator to enter the first (ICC) code. If the revision number embedded with the first code is the same as that held in the printer control system, then the printer will operate in the normal manner. If, however, there has been a change in ink formulation leading to a change in the viscosity/temperature relationship, then the first code will include a revision number that differs from that in the printer control system. This will prompt the printer to call for the second (EID) code to be entered. From the data embedded in the EID code, the control system can then calculate a new viscosity/temperature curve to be applied; and update the revision number.
  • inkjet printers must have the ability to operate using a wide range of printing inks based on a range of solvents.
  • the calculated values of a' and b' were analysed for a range of inks, containing either methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol or acetone as the primary solvent, to see if there was a relationship between the parameters that could be used as a design rule.

Abstract

The invention provides a method of embodying data in a security code and programming the control system of a continuous inkjet printer to extract the data from the code and, using that data, to calculate a viscosity/temperature relationship.

Description

IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO INKJET PRINTERS
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a continuous inkjet (CIJ) printer and, in particular, to a method for allowing ink viscosity and temperature data to be entered into printer.
Background to the Invention
Continuous inkjet printing involves the formation of electrically charged drops from a jet of ink and the subsequent deflection of the charged drops by an electric field to produce an image on a print medium. In a typical embodiment of a single jet printer of this type, electrically-conducting ink is forced through a nozzle by applying pressure to the ink. The velocity of the jet requires control; often achieved by control of the constituency of the ink in conjunction with controlling the pressure. Pressure control is usually achieved by varying the speed of the pump producing the flow with feedback from a pressure transducer. Feedback may also be derived from a velocity measurement device.
Keeping the constituency of the ink at a constant composition is normally achieved by controlling the ink viscosity. This involves adding one or more solvents to replace the solvents that have evaporated from running the continuous jet.
The jet of ink is formed into a controlled sequence of drops, each with an identical drop volume and with constant separation between adjacent drops, by a process termed modulation. Modulation gives active and controlled drive to the natural process of jet break up. Drop formation is usually achieved by modulating the ink pressure in a sinusoidal way at fixed frequency and amplitude, or by modulating the ink velocity relative to the nozzle. A range of options and techniques to introduce pressure modulation, velocity modulation or a combination of both so that uniform drop sequences are obtained are known.
Drops to be printed are charged by capacitive coupling via charged plates in synchronization with the formation of the individual drops. The amount of charge collected by each drop depends on many factors, including the potential of the charged plates, the accuracy of the synchronization of charging with drop formation and the composition of the ink.
After charging, the drops travel through a constant electric field with field lines perpendicular to the jet. Charged drops are deflected by an amount that approximately scales with the charge on the drops. The electric field is formed by applying a high potential difference between two surfaces. Unused (uncharged) drops are collected by a gutter for ink re-flow and re-use. Printed drops are carried by their momentum until they settle upon a substrate to form a printed image.
It should be clear to those skilled in the art that an image can be formed by varying the charge on the drops.
The end user properties of the ink are affected by its composition. It has been demonstrated in the prior art that the control of viscosity is a convenient and effective means to achieve the control of ink composition. It is known therefore, by those skilled in the art, that the control of viscosity is closely related to the reliability of the printer.
Most continuous ink jet printers thus contain a means to measure viscosity, and a sensor to measure the temperature of the ink when its viscosity is characterized since for most fixed ink compositions, the viscosity of the ink will vary with temperature. The printer compares the measured viscosity and temperature with values stored in a look up table and adds solvent to the ink if the measured viscosity is higher than the target viscosity. This storing of viscosity/temperature curves allows the printer to be configured to specific ink types.
Continuous ink jet printing inks are developed to give optimum performance in relation to two key constraints: a set of end user properties required for the desired interaction with the substrate, and the need to operate reliably within the printer. The formulation of inks is particularly difficult to achieve because the process of turning streams of ink into droplets tends to form small droplets, that are satellite to the printing droplet, unless steps are taken to prevent their formation. The presence of satellites often leads to printer failure as the small drops have a higher charge-to-mass ratio than the printing drops and are consequently deflected further by the aforementioned electric fields. This results in the print head becoming coated with ink and, ultimately, leads to printer failure.
The formation of satellites can be suppressed by the selection of appropriate ingredients that affect the dynamic viscosity behaviour of the ink and the polymer formulation. The prediction of dynamic viscosity behaviour from molecular structure is non-trivial and so often heuristic methods are used in ink formulation. One well known method for suppressing satellites uses polymers with well defined molecular weight distributions, however it is also commonly observed that two apparently identical polymer samples from different manufacturers can produce inks that have very different jetting properties. Further, from time-to-time polymer manufacturers modify or withdraw specific types of polymers necessitating a change in ink formulation. It should be clear from the preceding discussion that the task of replacing withdrawn materials is not as simple as finding an equivalent polymer from an alternate manufacturer, and using it. Instead the ink formulator will need to adjust other physical parameters such as density and viscosity to achieve good jetting behaviour. However, the use of look up tables for a particular ink presents a further problem for the ink formulator in that an ink needs to be produced that mimics the viscosity/ temperature look up table stored in the installed base of printers or, alternatively, the look-up tables within the installed base of printers must be changed. The upgrade of software to change viscosity/temperature look-up tables for an installed base of continuous inkjet printers is extremely expensive and therefore presents a problem.
Some continuous inkjet manufacturers have attempted to solve the problem of being able to adapt ink control parameters by introducing memory into the ink containers. European Patent 0 877 666 describes the use of RFID tags to store ink data. As another example, the present applicant has, in the past, made use of read only memory on ink containers to store data. However both solutions require investment in hardware both on the cartridge and on the printer to be implemented, the high cost of which is a significant shortcoming.
It is an object of the present invention to go at least some way to addressing the aforementioned problems; or which will at least provide a novel and useful alternative.
Summary of the Invention
Accordingly, in one aspect, the invention provides a method of loading ink data into a control system of a continuous inkjet printer said method including embedding viscosity data within a code which includes the parameters of a mathematical function used to model the temperature/viscosity of the ink. Preferably said data is provided in the form of two distinct codes.
Preferably said code is provided on an ink cartridge configured for fitting to said printer.
Preferably one of said codes represents viscosity/temperature data of an ink known to be suitable for a printer whilst the other of said codes contains data representative of a different formulation of ink.
Preferably said method includes embedding into said code data representing a' and b' which allows the printer control system to calculate a viscosity curve according to the expression: (T) = a xp{- b'T) where μ is viscosity T is temperature, a ' is the pre-exponential factor and b' is the exponent.
In a second aspect the invention provides a method of configuring the electronic control system of a continuous inkjet printer said method including the step of programming said control system to calculate a relationship between viscosity and temperature for an ink using data derived from a code supplied with a cartridge containing said ink.
Preferably said method includes programming said control system to calculate a viscosity/temperature curve according to the expression:
//(r) = a exp(- bT) where μ is viscosity T is temperature, a' is the pre-exponential factor and b' is the exponent.
Preferably said method further includes programming said control system to perform a calculation to establish to what extent a' and b' fit the expression: a' = p.exp(q.b'); and to perform a control function depending on the outcome of this calculation.
In a third aspect the invention provides an ink cartridge having a plurality of security codes thereon.
Preferably said codes are for use in the method set forth above.
Many variations in the way the present invention can be performed will present themselves to those skilled in the art. The description which follows is intended as an illustration only of one means of performing the invention and the lack of description of variants or equivalents should not be regarded as limiting. Wherever possible, a description of a specific element should be deemed to include any and all equivalents thereof whether in existence now or in the future.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The various aspects of the invention, in one preferred form, will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 : shows an image of an ink cartridge label including coding
according to the invention; and
Figure 2: shows a plot of Arrhenius factors for a variety of printing inks. Detailed Description of Working Embodiment
The invention resides in embedding viscosity data within a security code, preferably in the form of two 8-bit words, that are the parameters of a mathematical function used to model the temperature/viscosity of the ink. The printer control system is configured to read the codes and, if necessary, to calculate a viscosity/temperature curve using data derived from the code. This allows the control function to be modified each time fresh ink is added to the printer.
Advantageously it has been found that the Arrhenius model for fluid flow has been found to be valid for inkjet inks so that the viscosity varies with temperature according to the expression:
Figure imgf000009_0001
where T is temperature, μ0 is a coefficient,
E is the activation energy
and R is the universal gas constant or in mathematically equivalent form:
Figure imgf000009_0002
where μ is viscosity T is temperature, a' is the pre-exponential factor and b' the exponent.
Instead of encoding a whole look up table within the security code therefore, the relationship between ink viscosity and temperature can be defined with two parameters, a' and b' . In order for the printer to function effectively, both viscosity and temperature must be expressed as two significant figures. The viscosity must be characterised between 2-6cPs to one decimal place. The temperature needs to be characterised in °C to the nearest 1°C. By expressing the codes in the form of 8-bit words, not only is more than sufficient resolution realised to accommodate this requirement, but also the need for a user or operator to enter two long codes every time an ink reservoir is changed is avoided.
Currently printers originating from the present applicant prompt the user to enter a quality code when a reservoir or cartridge is added. This code contains such information as a use-buy date (as the ink has a shelf life) and ink type. Based on the ink type the printer selects the appropriate viscosity/temperature curve from a look-up table.
In the implementation of the present invention the existing security code has been modified so that it contains a revision number for the viscosity table. If, on the first code being entered into the control system, the revision number is different from the version number of the viscosity table contained within the printer, then the user will be prompted to enter the second code that contains the revised viscosity information which enables the printer to calculate a new viscosity/temperature relationship in the manner described above.
Referring to Figure 1, an ink cartridge label 5 is shown having a first (ICC) code indicated at 6 and a second (EID) code indicated at 7. When a new cartridge is to be fitted to the printer the printer control panel will prompt the operator to enter the first (ICC) code. If the revision number embedded with the first code is the same as that held in the printer control system, then the printer will operate in the normal manner. If, however, there has been a change in ink formulation leading to a change in the viscosity/temperature relationship, then the first code will include a revision number that differs from that in the printer control system. This will prompt the printer to call for the second (EID) code to be entered. From the data embedded in the EID code, the control system can then calculate a new viscosity/temperature curve to be applied; and update the revision number.
Referring now to Figure 2, inkjet printers must have the ability to operate using a wide range of printing inks based on a range of solvents. In an attempt to better understand rules for formulation of continuous inkjet inks the calculated values of a' and b' were analysed for a range of inks, containing either methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol or acetone as the primary solvent, to see if there was a relationship between the parameters that could be used as a design rule. The resulting plot of the calculated parameters obtained from the analysis of ink curves, for the whole range of ink, reveals a clear and rather surprising relationship. The relationship is fairly well defined by an exponential a'= p.exp(q.b'), and a linear regression analysis can be performed on the logarithm of this expression to establish a curve closely approximating the values of the parameters p and q.
As the values of p and q for a given ink range is known, it is possible for the printer to evaluate the values for a' and b' that it has extracted from the security code by making a calculation and testing to see how well the parameters fit the expression a'= p.exp(q.b'). Given that the values of a' and b' are unlikely to fall exactly on the curve, a threshold will be applied to the calculation. The control system will allow the printer to continue into operation if the error is within the threshold but prevent further activity if the error is outside the threshold. Aside from validation of the code through normal encryption means we have therefore included a scientific validation of the numbers so that the printer does not attempt to control to a viscosity curve that is not suitable for the inkjet printer. It should be noted that although the ratio of values falls within limits, the value of viscosity can change markedly without effecting the ratio, as the whole curve will shift.

Claims

Claims
1. A method of loading ink data into a control system of a continuous inkjet printer said method including embedding viscosity data within a code which includes the parameters of a mathematical function used to model the temperature/viscosity relationship of the ink.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said data is provided in the form of two distinct codes.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein said code is
obtained from an ink cartridge configured for fitting to said printer. 4. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein one of said codes represents viscosity/temperature data of an ink known to be suitable for a printer whilst the other of said codes contains data representative of a different formulation of ink.
A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 including embedding into said code data representing a' and b' which allows the printer control system to calculate a viscosity curve according to the expression:
Figure imgf000013_0001
where μ is viscosity T is temperature, a' is the pre-exponential factor and b' is the exponent.
6. A method of configuring the electronic control system of a continuous inkjet printer said method including the step of programming said control system to calculate a relationship between viscosity and temperature for an ink using data derived from a code supplied with a cartridge containing said ink.
7. A method as claimed in claim 6 including programming said control system to calculate a viscosity/temperature curve according to the expression: (T) = a xp{- b'T) where μ is viscosity T is temperature, a ' is the pre-exponential factor and b' is the exponent.
A method as claimed in claim 7 further including programming said control system to perform a calculation to establish to what extent a' and b' fit the expression: a' = p.exp(q.b'); and to perform a control function depending on the outcome of this calculation.
9. An ink cartridge having a plurality of security codes thereon.
10. An ink cartridge as claimed in claim 8 wherein said codes are for use in the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
PCT/GB2011/052279 2010-11-19 2011-11-21 Improvements in or relating to inkjet printers WO2012066360A1 (en)

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US11097550B2 (en) 2016-05-11 2021-08-24 Videojet Technologies Inc. Electronic data storage device for use with a cartridge for storing and dispensing liquid for use with a printer

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US10144216B2 (en) 2014-09-04 2018-12-04 Markem-Imaje Holding Method for managing ink quality of an inkjet printer versus temperature
US11097550B2 (en) 2016-05-11 2021-08-24 Videojet Technologies Inc. Electronic data storage device for use with a cartridge for storing and dispensing liquid for use with a printer
US11654687B2 (en) 2016-05-11 2023-05-23 Videojet Technologies Inc. Electronic data storage device for use with a cartridge for storing and dispensing liquid for use with a printer

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