WO2012080553A1 - System for managing lights in urban environments - Google Patents

System for managing lights in urban environments Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012080553A1
WO2012080553A1 PCT/ES2011/070871 ES2011070871W WO2012080553A1 WO 2012080553 A1 WO2012080553 A1 WO 2012080553A1 ES 2011070871 W ES2011070871 W ES 2011070871W WO 2012080553 A1 WO2012080553 A1 WO 2012080553A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
node
luminaire
network
nodes
control
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PCT/ES2011/070871
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Luis Castells Reyes
Francisco CORTÉS CERISUELO
Andrés RODRIGUEZ CONDE
Amador Melero Ruiz
Original Assignee
Urbe Intelligent S.L.
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Application filed by Urbe Intelligent S.L. filed Critical Urbe Intelligent S.L.
Publication of WO2012080553A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012080553A1/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/16Controlling the light source by timing means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/175Controlling the light source by remote control
    • H05B47/19Controlling the light source by remote control via wireless transmission
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/40Control techniques providing energy savings, e.g. smart controller or presence detection

Definitions

  • the present invention is encompassed within the field of smart cities and, more specifically, in the remote control of luminaires in urban environments.
  • the two systems have as a premise to act on the lamppost to save energy, neither is intended to provide a city of intelligence and that its nodes are not only the streetlights, it can also be a person, a traffic light, a moving car or any other device from which we are interested in extracting information.
  • the luminaire management system object of the present invention aims to offer a luminaire management service, so that it is possible to control their intensity individually, jointly, or by attending different lighting profiles previously established, all from a remote and ubiquitous location, increasing control and facilitating the tasks of luminaire maintenance.
  • ZigBee technology is used through the meshed topology, with which it is possible to form a wireless luminaire network accessible from a server. To do this, a set of devices are installed in each of the luminaires to be managed.
  • Figure 1 shows the components of the luminaires.
  • Figure 2 shows, in a functional scheme, the components of the luminaires.
  • Figure 3 represents an example of a network topology established between the luminaires.
  • Figure 4 shows the layered software architecture of the luminaire management system.
  • Figure 5 shows a flow chart of system operation.
  • the luminaire management system proposed by the present invention is composed of a wireless network of luminaires, which constitute the nodes of the system, accessible from a server in charge of controlling the system remotely. All information is visualized and controlled through the server management software, which constitutes a SCADA (Supervision, Control and Data Acquisition) explicitly developed for this application and which is fully configurable for each of the particular needs.
  • SCADA Supervision, Control and Data Acquisition
  • FIG. 1 shows the components of each luminaire 1.
  • Each luminaire 1 has an electronic ballast 2 and a control module 3.
  • the control module 3 comprises a wireless communications module 4 with Zigbee technology, a sensor board 5 and data processing means 6 With management software.
  • the data processing means 6 (for example, a microcontroller) communicates with the sensor board 5 where the different devices or sensors 7, such as a light intensity sensor, are connected.
  • the data processing means 6 controls the electronic ballast 2 to adjust the light flow (by means of the continuous control signal of the electronic ballast), according to the information received by the communication module 4 and optionally taking into account the state of the sensor or sensors 7 connected to the sensor board 5.
  • Electronic ballast 2 is a measurable electronic ballast of 0-10V.
  • Table 1 shows as an example a table of possible characteristics for a preferred embodiment:
  • Each of the nodes includes a sensor board 5.
  • This board has different interfaces for I2C, SPI and EIA-232 / EIA-485 sensors, in addition to a programmable automaton to control them.
  • Table 3 shows, as an example for one embodiment, a summary table of the characteristics of the sensor board:
  • the luminaire 1 comprises a luminaire management system which in turn encompasses a luminaire control subsystem and a ZigBee subsystem.
  • the luminaire control subsystem (basically equivalent to the data processing means 6 of Figure 1) is responsible for the following functionalities:
  • the ZigBee subsystem (basically equivalent to the communications module 4 with Zigbee technology and the sensor board 5) is responsible for providing wireless communication between devices. It also incorporates different interfaces for measuring quantities through sensors.
  • Gateway 9 node it is the node that is in charge of communicating with the outside, with the server that controls the luminaire management system, receiving the server orders and transmit them to reach the luminaire or set of specific luminaires, as well as collect the information of the luminaires and send them to the server.
  • Router Node 10 This type of device is capable of redirecting messages to other elements of the network, and has sufficient memory and calculation capacity to perform these tasks.
  • Coordinating node 1 1 this node is responsible for generating a subnet 13, and controlling the luminaries that make up that subnet 13, selecting the paths that messages must follow within it, establishing the security level of the subnet and incorporating the interfaces necessary for communication with the outside, either through a Wi-Fi, Ethernet or 3G network. Each coordinating node 1 1 forms an independent subnet and one of them must exist in each subnet.
  • End Node 12 they are devices with reduced functionality, they are not able to receive messages or transmit messages to other network elements that are not router or coordinator type. These devices can remain asleep most of the time saving battery and also their memory requirements and calculation capacity are minimal.
  • the nodes form a robust and accessible wireless communication network between them, through the server 8, so that each luminaire can be managed independently or together.
  • the luminaire management system is compatible with all of them, always choosing the one that offers the greatest guarantees in terms of robustness and reliability, so that there are always alternative paths in case any node of the network has a Failure or wrong behavior.
  • the FFD (Full Functionality Devices) devices have the functionality of gateway node 9, router node 10 or coordinator node 1 1, while RFD (Reduced Functionality Devices) devices ) acquire the functionality of end nodes 12.
  • nodes 9,10,1 1 can act in unison as coordinators and as final node or child but nevertheless node 12 cannot act as coordinator, 1 1 no You can do it as rooter and 10 cannot act as a gateway.
  • a node can perform the tasks of master / concentrator or slave / spot.
  • the master nodes are responsible for transporting the data in a more fluid and faster way to the gateway and in this way, if at any given time another master collapses or simply does not work, the rest of the master would collect the information from the adjacent nodes. or if a new and momentary slave node were incorporated, the master would transport his information quickly without reconfiguring.
  • the main node has the necessary interconnection to implement Wi-Fi, Ethernet or GSM / GPRS protocols.
  • the slave or spot node in charge of controlling the brightness of the lamps through the measurable ballast, is a Zigbee node (or speck) that has a management microcontroller and incorporates in turn a sensor board 5 with I2C interfaces , SPI and EIA-232 / EIA-485.
  • the device is powered by an auxiliary battery to ensure autonomous operation. It could also be done by means of solar panels if desired.
  • the master node or hub has a management microcontroller to determine the operating and consumption status. It includes a communication interface with the ballast, an analog-digital converter (DAC) and a level converter. It also has the possibility of interconnection via: Ethernet, WiFi or GSM / GPRS. Like the slave node, the hub nodes also have a sensor board 5 with I2C, SPI and EIA-232 / EIA-485 interfaces.
  • the power used in the node can be mixed: AC / DC and battery.
  • the necessary charging circuits have been designed and incorporated for the battery.
  • the node could also be powered by solar panels.
  • a controller for operating status and consumption management has also been included.
  • the luminaire management system presents a layered software architecture with well differentiated functionality, as shown in Figure 4:
  • Middleware It is in charge of communicating with the coordinating devices and offering an API with different services so that they are consumed by the management layer. It offers the following services:
  • o Luminaire control Communication with a luminaire or set of luminaires with the aim of modifying its light intensity.
  • o Luminaire maintenance service to check the status of a luminaire or a set of them to check its correct operation.
  • Management software it is the presentation or user layer and provides the end user with the communication interface with the luminaires. It makes use of the services offered by the middieware by providing the user with an intuitive and easy-to-use web environment. It is a high-level software layer consisting of a web interface so that it can be controlled from anywhere, presenting the following functionalities:
  • Control of a luminaire or a set of luminaires The user can remotely access one or more luminaires and control the light intensity or consult the data of the sensors that the luminaire has installed.
  • - Maintenance of a luminaire The user can check the status of a luminaire, and check if it is working correctly.
  • the application offers the user the possibility of establishing a specific luminosity profile as required by the area, so that as many profiles as desired can be established and assigned to a group of luminaires.
  • Savings profiles are defined based on input signals or statistical profiles.
  • the nodes are programmed to be able to update the firmware remotely, it has the gateway necessary for communication between the Zigbee network and the GPS / GPRS, Ethernet or WiFi communication protocols.
  • the nodes form a mesh network or mesh network, which allows them to interact with each other. This communication is very low consumption of the order of peak amps. To this end, all the needs have been programmed in the management software: control of inputs / outputs, message management, generation of communication frames for the RF spot, definition and modes of operation management of the clock for sending data, etc.
  • Figure 5 shows a flow chart of the operation of the system, in which the user controls the system through the management software included in the server, through which he can access the network of devices and the different nodes of the system.
  • Another innovative point of this system lies in the wide range of applications that can be developed, from the simple control of the lighting of the lamps to the possible interaction with elements that can be found around the lamps, such as; vehicles, pedestrians, furniture, etc. It all depends on the environment in which you want to use or the functionality you want to give to system. The fact of being able to integrate all types of sensors 7 gives the system a great versatility and a wide field of action.
  • the base elements are the street lamps or luminaires 1 and the devices integrated in them: sensor board, communication board, electronic ballast and its corresponding management software.
  • a wireless communications network can be formed to create intelligent interactive environments throughout the city.
  • different sensors 7 will be incorporated that provide the communication board with different functionalities to carry out the company.
  • the applications that can be made once the wireless network is created are the following:
  • Traffic control vehicle counter
  • Presence detection for example in crosswalks.

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for managing lights in urban environments. The invention comprises the following elements, provided in each light (1), namely: an electronic ballast (2) for controlling light intensity, a wireless communication module (4), a sensor plate (5) connected to sensors (7), and data processing means (6). The lights (1) form a wireless network of nodes, comprising: a gateway node (9) for communicating the network with an external control element; coordinator nodes (11) for generating a subnetwork (13) and controlling the lights (1) of the subnetwork (13); and final nodes (12), each contained in a subnetwork (13) and subordinate to the corresponding coordinator node (11). The system comprises a server (8) configured to control and access the different nodes of the node network via the gateway node (9). The final nodes can also be formed by other items of street furniture in order to create intelligent cities.

Description

SISTEMA DE GESTIÓN DE LUMINARIAS EN ENTORNOS URBANOS  LIGHTING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS
Campo de la invención Field of the Invention
La presente invención se engloba dentro del campo de ciudades inteligentes y, más concretamente, en el control remoto de luminarias en entornos urbanos.  The present invention is encompassed within the field of smart cities and, more specifically, in the remote control of luminaires in urban environments.
Antecedentes de la invención Background of the invention
En la actualidad existen dos sistemas de control de luminarias:  There are currently two luminaire control systems:
- Sistema utilizado por Philips, donde el control es realizado a través del cable de la luz (PLC). Este sistema a priori parece más sencillo de instalar ya que no hay que dotar de una infraestructura nueva, al ser realizado el control a través del propio cable que alimenta la farola, pero la realidad es otra bien distinta ya que las instalaciones (cableado de las ciudades) actuales son en su mayoría muy antiguas, por lo que el PLC no puede actuar por la cantidad de parásitos (perturbaciones que tiene dicho cableado, venidas de una mala distribución y de no tener en cuenta que el cableado eléctrico se pude utilizar para comunicaciones, al ser instalaciones que en algunos casos llegan a los 50 años y esta aplicación no se pensaba).  - System used by Philips, where the control is carried out through the light cable (PLC). This a priori system seems easier to install since it is not necessary to provide a new infrastructure, when the control is carried out through the cable that feeds the lamppost, but the reality is another very different since the facilities (wiring of the Current cities) are mostly very old, so the PLC cannot act due to the number of parasites (disturbances that such wiring has, coming from a bad distribution and not taking into account that the electrical wiring can be used for communications , being facilities that in some cases reach 50 years and this application was not intended).
- Sistema de radio frecuencia punto a punto en la frecuencia de 433 Hz. Dicho sistema utiliza siempre la línea de vista para realizar sus tareas, es decir que para actualizar los nodos de comunicaciones el coordinador y gateway (padre) debe de ver a los nodos (hijos) para cambiar simplemente el horario o para recibir información y en el momento que perdemos la comunicación con él, toda la sección que controla se pierde y no reporta.  - Point-to-point radio frequency system at the frequency of 433 Hz. This system always uses the line of sight to perform its tasks, that is, to update the communications nodes the coordinator and gateway (parent) must see the nodes (children) to simply change the schedule or to receive information and the moment we lose communication with him, the entire section he controls is lost and not reported.
Los dos sistemas tienen como premisa actuar en la farola para ahorrar energía, ninguno está pensado para dotar a una ciudad de inteligencia y que sus nodos no sólo sean las farolas, también puede ser una persona, un semáforo, un coche en movimiento o cualquier otro dispositivo del que nos interese extraer información.  The two systems have as a premise to act on the lamppost to save energy, neither is intended to provide a city of intelligence and that its nodes are not only the streetlights, it can also be a person, a traffic light, a moving car or any other device from which we are interested in extracting information.
Descripción de la invención Description of the invention
El sistema de gestión de luminarias objeto de la presente invención tiene por objetivo ofrecer un servicio de gestión de luminarias, de tal forma que es posible controlar la intensidad de las mismas de forma individual, en forma conjunta, o atendiendo a distintos perfiles de iluminación previamente establecidos, todo ello desde una ubicación remota y ubicua, aumentando el control y facilitando las tareas de mantenimiento de las luminarias. Para la comunicación entre farolas se emplea la tecnología ZigBee mediante la topología mallada, con la cual es posible formar una red inalámbrica de luminarias accesible desde un servidor. Para ello, se instalan un conjunto de dispositivos en cada una de las luminarias a gestionar. The luminaire management system object of the present invention aims to offer a luminaire management service, so that it is possible to control their intensity individually, jointly, or by attending different lighting profiles previously established, all from a remote and ubiquitous location, increasing control and facilitating the tasks of luminaire maintenance. For communication between lampposts, ZigBee technology is used through the meshed topology, with which it is possible to form a wireless luminaire network accessible from a server. To do this, a set of devices are installed in each of the luminaires to be managed.
Al regular el flujo de iluminación se consigue un ahorro energético desde hasta el 80%, e indirectamente se disminuye tanto la contaminación luminosa como las emisiones de CO, consiguiendo hacer eficiencia energética al 100%.  By regulating the lighting flux, energy savings of up to 80% are achieved, and indirectly, both light pollution and CO emissions are reduced, achieving 100% energy efficiency.
Breve descripción de los dibujos Brief description of the drawings
A continuación se pasa a describir de manera muy breve una serie de dibujos que ayudan a comprender mejor la invención y que se relacionan expresamente con una realización de dicha invención que se presenta como un ejemplo no limitativo de ésta.  A series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention which is presented as a non-limiting example thereof is described very briefly below.
La Figura 1 muestra los componentes de las luminarias.  Figure 1 shows the components of the luminaires.
La Figura 2 muestra, en un esquema funcional, los componentes de las luminarias.  Figure 2 shows, in a functional scheme, the components of the luminaires.
La Figura 3 representa un ejemplo de topología de red establecida entre las luminarias.  Figure 3 represents an example of a network topology established between the luminaires.
La Figura 4 muestra la arquitectura software por capas del sistema de gestión de luminarias.  Figure 4 shows the layered software architecture of the luminaire management system.
La Figura 5 muestra un diagrama de flujo funcionamiento del sistema.  Figure 5 shows a flow chart of system operation.
Descripción detallada de la invención Detailed description of the invention
El sistema de gestión de luminarias que la presente invención propone está compuesto por una red inalámbrica de luminarias, que constituyen los nodos del sistema, accesible desde un servidor encargado de controlar el sistema de forma remota. Toda la información se visualiza y controla a través del software de gestión del servidor, que constituye un SCADA (Supervisión, Control y Adquisición de Datos) desarrollado explícitamente para esta aplicación y que es totalmente configurable para cada una de las necesidades particulares.  The luminaire management system proposed by the present invention is composed of a wireless network of luminaires, which constitute the nodes of the system, accessible from a server in charge of controlling the system remotely. All information is visualized and controlled through the server management software, which constitutes a SCADA (Supervision, Control and Data Acquisition) explicitly developed for this application and which is fully configurable for each of the particular needs.
En la Figura 1 se representa los componentes de cada luminaria 1 . Cada luminaria 1 dispone de un balasto electrónico 2 y un módulo de control 3. A su vez, el módulo de control 3 comprende un módulo de comunicaciones inalámbrico 4 con tecnología Zigbee, una placa de sensores 5 y medios de procesamiento de datos 6 con software de gestión. Los medios de procesamiento de datos 6 (por ejemplo, un microcontrolador) se comunican con la placa de sensores 5 donde se encuentran conectados los diferentes dispositivos o sensores 7, tales como un sensor de intensidad lumínica. Los medios de procesamiento de datos 6 controlan el balasto electrónico 2 para ajustar el flujo lumínico (mediante la señal de control continua del balasto electrónico), según la información recibida por el módulo de comunicaciones 4 y opcionalmente teniendo en cuenta el estado del sensor o sensores 7 conectados a la placa de sensores 5. Figure 1 shows the components of each luminaire 1. Each luminaire 1 has an electronic ballast 2 and a control module 3. In turn, the control module 3 comprises a wireless communications module 4 with Zigbee technology, a sensor board 5 and data processing means 6 With management software. The data processing means 6 (for example, a microcontroller) communicates with the sensor board 5 where the different devices or sensors 7, such as a light intensity sensor, are connected. The data processing means 6 controls the electronic ballast 2 to adjust the light flow (by means of the continuous control signal of the electronic ballast), according to the information received by the communication module 4 and optionally taking into account the state of the sensor or sensors 7 connected to the sensor board 5.
El balastro electrónico 2 es un balasto electrónico dimeable de 0-10V. En Tabla 1 se muestra a modo de ejemplo una tabla de características posible para modo de realización preferido: Electronic ballast 2 is a measurable electronic ballast of 0-10V. Table 1 shows as an example a table of possible characteristics for a preferred embodiment:
BALASTRO ELECTRONICO ELECTRONIC BASKET
Voltaje de alimentación nominal 220- 240V  Nominal supply voltage 220- 240V
Con tolerancia para rendimiento +6%-8% 206-254V  With tolerance for performance + 6% -8% 206-254V
Con tolerancias para operación 180-264V  With tolerances for 180-264V operation
Frecuencia de alimentación 50/60-Hz  50/60-Hz power frequency
Frecuencia operación (típica) 130 Hz  Operating frequency (typical) 130 Hz
Factor de potencia 0,98  Power factor 0.98
Voltaje de ignición 3-4kV  3-4kV ignition voltage
Control de voltaje de salida 0-10V  0-10V output voltage control
Protección contra conexión de voltaje Sí  Protection against voltage connection Yes
alimentación  feeding
Regulación (flujo luminoso) 20%- 100%  Regulation (luminous flux) 20% - 100%
Después de la ignición o del re-direccionamiento de la lámpara, la operación de la lámpara siempre es en el nivel 100% por 5 minutos After ignition or re-addressing of the lamp, the lamp operation is always at 100% level for 5 minutes
Las clasificaciones de control gradual de iluminación son implementadas para garantizar el mejor comportamiento de la lámpara. Gradual lighting control ratings are implemented to ensure the best lamp behavior.
Tiempo de aumento gradual (20%- 100%) <2s  Gradual increase time (20% - 100%) <2s
Tiempo de disminución gradual (100%-20%) <2min Corriente de dispersión de toma a < 0,5 mA por balasto Time of gradual decrease (100% -20%) <2min Shot dispersion current at <0.5 mA per ballast
tierra  land
Capacitancia de cableado Máx. 1 nF para ignición apropiada  Wiring Capacitance Max. 1 nF for proper ignition
Tabla 1: Características del balastro electrónico  Table 1: Characteristics of the electronic ballast
En cuanto a las características del módulo de comunicaciones 4, se muestra a modo de ejemplo en la Tabla 2 una tabla de características posible para un modo de realización preferido. As for the characteristics of the communication module 4, a table of possible characteristics for a preferred embodiment is shown by way of example in Table 2.
Figure imgf000006_0001
Figure imgf000006_0001
Tabla 2: Características del módulo de comunicaciones del nodo Zigbee  Table 2: Characteristics of the Zigbee node communications module
Si la distancia entre nodos fuera mayor de lo habitual o alguno quedara aislado del resto, existe la posibilidad de incorporar módulos amplificadores para garantizar la comunicación entre todos ellos. If the distance between nodes is greater than usual or one is isolated from the rest, there is the possibility of incorporating amplifier modules to ensure communication between all of them.
Cada uno de los nodos tiene incluido una placa de sensores 5. Esta placa posee diferentes interfaces para sensores I2C, SPI y EIA-232/EIA-485, además de un autómata programable para poder controlarlos. En la Tabla 3 se presenta, a modo de ejemplo para un modo de realización, una tabla resumen de las características de la placa de sensores: Each of the nodes includes a sensor board 5. This board has different interfaces for I2C, SPI and EIA-232 / EIA-485 sensors, in addition to a programmable automaton to control them. Table 3 shows, as an example for one embodiment, a summary table of the characteristics of the sensor board:
Sensores por placa Sensors per board
Número Máximo de sensores Interfaces para los sensores I2C, SPI y EIA-232/EIA-485 Maximum number of sensors Interfaces for I2C, SPI and EIA-232 / EIA-485 sensors
4 analógicas  4 analog
Entradas  Tickets
1 Digital  1 Digital
Salidas 4 Digitales  4 Digital Outputs
Normas CE, ETSI EN 300 328, RoHs  CE, ETSI EN 300 328, RoHs standards
Dimensiones Menor de 100X100X30mm  Dimensions Less than 100X100X30mm
Número máximo de saltos sin Máster 100  Maximum number of jumps without Master 100
Encriptación 128 Bits  128 Bit Encryption
Periodo de Muestreo Mínimo 20ms  Minimum Sampling Period 20ms
Estanqueidad IP67  IP67 tightness
Tabla 3: Características de la placa de sensores  Table 3: Characteristics of the sensor board
En la Figura 2 se muestra un esquema funcional de los componentes de la luminaria similar a la Figura 1 . Según este esquema la luminaria 1 comprende un sistema de gestión de luminarias que a su vez engloba un subsistema de control de luminaria y un subsistema ZigBee. A functional scheme of the luminaire components similar to Figure 1 is shown in Figure 2. According to this scheme, the luminaire 1 comprises a luminaire management system which in turn encompasses a luminaire control subsystem and a ZigBee subsystem.
El subsistema de control de luminaria (básicamente equivalente a los medios de procesamiento de datos 6 de la Figura 1 ) es responsable de las siguientes funcionalidades: The luminaire control subsystem (basically equivalent to the data processing means 6 of Figure 1) is responsible for the following functionalities:
• Alimentación al sistema de gestión de luminarias y al subsistema ZigBee a través de una batería recargable.  • Supply to the luminaire management system and the ZigBee subsystem through a rechargeable battery.
• Control de la intensidad de la luminaria a través de un balastro electrónico. • Control of the intensity of the luminaire through an electronic ballast.
• Medición de ciertas magnitudes a través de un conjunto de sensores preinstalados. • Measurement of certain quantities through a set of pre-installed sensors.
• Comunicación con el subsistema ZigBee.  • Communication with the ZigBee subsystem.
Por su parte, el subsistema ZigBee (básicamente equivalente al módulo de comunicaciones 4 con tecnología Zigbee y la placa de sensores 5) es el responsable de proporcionar una comunicación inalámbrica entre dispositivos. Además incorpora diferentes interfaces para la medida de magnitudes a través de sensores. For its part, the ZigBee subsystem (basically equivalent to the communications module 4 with Zigbee technology and the sensor board 5) is responsible for providing wireless communication between devices. It also incorporates different interfaces for measuring quantities through sensors.
Tal como se muestra en la Figura 3, existen varios tipos de nodos según sea la funcionalidad del subsistema ZigBee: As shown in Figure 3, there are several types of nodes depending on the functionality of the ZigBee subsystem:
• Nodo gateway 9: es el nodo que se encarga de comunicarse con el exterior, con el servidor que control el sistema de gestión de luminarias, recibir las órdenes del servidor y transmitirlas para que lleguen a la luminaria o conjunto de luminarias determinadas, así como recoger la información de las luminarias y enviarlas al servidor. • Gateway 9 node: it is the node that is in charge of communicating with the outside, with the server that controls the luminaire management system, receiving the server orders and transmit them to reach the luminaire or set of specific luminaires, as well as collect the information of the luminaires and send them to the server.
• Nodo router 10: este tipo de dispositivo es capaz de redireccionar mensajes hacia otros elementos de la red, y posee memoria y capacidad de cálculo suficiente para realizar estas tareas.  • Router Node 10: This type of device is capable of redirecting messages to other elements of the network, and has sufficient memory and calculation capacity to perform these tasks.
• Nodo coordinador 1 1 : este nodo se encarga de generar una subred 13, y controlar las luminarias que componen dicha subred 13, seleccionar los caminos que deben seguir los mensajes dentro de ella, establecer el nivel de seguridad de la subred e incorporar las interfaces necesarias para la comunicación con el exterior, ya sea a través de una red wifi, Ethernet o 3G. Cada nodo coordinador 1 1 forma una subred independiente y debe existir uno de ellos en cada subred.  • Coordinating node 1 1: this node is responsible for generating a subnet 13, and controlling the luminaries that make up that subnet 13, selecting the paths that messages must follow within it, establishing the security level of the subnet and incorporating the interfaces necessary for communication with the outside, either through a Wi-Fi, Ethernet or 3G network. Each coordinating node 1 1 forms an independent subnet and one of them must exist in each subnet.
• Nodo final 12: son dispositivos de funcionalidad reducida, estos no son capaces de recibir mensajes ni transmitir mensajes a otros elementos de la red que no sean de tipo router o coordinador. Estos dispositivos pueden permanecer dormidos la mayor parte del tiempo ahorrando batería y además sus requisitos de memoria y capacidad de cálculo son mínimos.  • End Node 12: they are devices with reduced functionality, they are not able to receive messages or transmit messages to other network elements that are not router or coordinator type. These devices can remain asleep most of the time saving battery and also their memory requirements and calculation capacity are minimal.
Los nodos forman entre ellos una red de comunicación inalámbrica robusta y accesible desde el exterior, a través del servidor 8, de tal forma que cada luminaria puede ser gestionada de forma independiente o en conjunto. Existen diferentes topologías de red, el sistema de gestión de luminarias es compatible con todas ellas escogiendo siempre la que ofrezca mayores garantías en cuanto a robustez y fiabilidad, de tal forma que siempre existan caminos alternativos en caso de que algún nodo de la red presenta un fallo o un comportamiento erróneo. En la topología de la red de sensores mostrada en la Figura 3, los dispositivos FFD (Dispositivos de Funcionalidad Completa) presentan la funcionalidad de nodo gateway 9, nodo router 10 o nodo coordinador 1 1 , mientras que los dispositivos RFD (Dispositivos de Funcionalidad Reducida) adquieren la funcionalidad de nodos finales 12. En la Figura 3 los nodos 9,10,1 1 pueden actuar a lo unísono como coordinadores y como nodo final o hijo pero sin embargo el nodo 12 no puede actuar como coordinador, el 1 1 no lo puede hacer como rooter y el 10 no lo puede actuar como gateway. Un nodo puede realizar las labores de maestro/concentrador o esclavo/spot. Los nodos maestros son los encargados de transportar los datos de una manera mas fluida y rápida hacia los gateway y de este modo, si en un momento dado otro maestro se colapsase o simplemente no funcionara, el resto de maestro recogerían la información de los nodos adyacentes o si se incorporase un nodo esclavo nuevo y momentáneo, el maestro trasportaría su información rápidamente sin reconfigurarse. The nodes form a robust and accessible wireless communication network between them, through the server 8, so that each luminaire can be managed independently or together. There are different network topologies, the luminaire management system is compatible with all of them, always choosing the one that offers the greatest guarantees in terms of robustness and reliability, so that there are always alternative paths in case any node of the network has a Failure or wrong behavior. In the topology of the sensor network shown in Figure 3, the FFD (Full Functionality Devices) devices have the functionality of gateway node 9, router node 10 or coordinator node 1 1, while RFD (Reduced Functionality Devices) devices ) acquire the functionality of end nodes 12. In Figure 3 nodes 9,10,1 1 can act in unison as coordinators and as final node or child but nevertheless node 12 cannot act as coordinator, 1 1 no You can do it as rooter and 10 cannot act as a gateway. A node can perform the tasks of master / concentrator or slave / spot. The master nodes are responsible for transporting the data in a more fluid and faster way to the gateway and in this way, if at any given time another master collapses or simply does not work, the rest of the master would collect the information from the adjacent nodes. or if a new and momentary slave node were incorporated, the master would transport his information quickly without reconfiguring.
El nodo principal dispone de la interconexión necesaria para implementar protocolos Wi-Fi, Ethernet o GSM/GPRS. The main node has the necessary interconnection to implement Wi-Fi, Ethernet or GSM / GPRS protocols.
El nodo esclavo o spot, encargado de controlar la luminosidad de las farolas a través del balasto dimeable, se trata de un nodo (o mota) Zigbee que posee un microcontrolador de gestión e incorpora a su vez una la placa de sensores 5 con interfaces I2C, SPI y EIA-232/EIA-485. La alimentación del dispositivo se realiza a través de una batería auxiliar para garantizar su funcionamiento autónomo. También podría realizarse por medio de placas solares si así se quisiera. The slave or spot node, in charge of controlling the brightness of the lamps through the measurable ballast, is a Zigbee node (or speck) that has a management microcontroller and incorporates in turn a sensor board 5 with I2C interfaces , SPI and EIA-232 / EIA-485. The device is powered by an auxiliary battery to ensure autonomous operation. It could also be done by means of solar panels if desired.
El nodo maestro o concentrador posee un microcontrolador de gestión para determinar el estado de funcionamiento y consumo. Incluye un interfaz de comunicación con el balasto, un conversor analógico-digital (DAC) y un conversor de nivel. También dispone de la posibilidad de interconexión vía: Ethernet, WiFi o GSM/GPRS. Al igual que el nodo esclavo los nodos concentradores también tienen incluida una placa de sensores 5 con interfaces I2C, SPI y EIA-232/EIA-485. The master node or hub has a management microcontroller to determine the operating and consumption status. It includes a communication interface with the ballast, an analog-digital converter (DAC) and a level converter. It also has the possibility of interconnection via: Ethernet, WiFi or GSM / GPRS. Like the slave node, the hub nodes also have a sensor board 5 with I2C, SPI and EIA-232 / EIA-485 interfaces.
La alimentación que se utiliza en el nodo puede ser mixta: AC/DC y batería. Para la batería se ha diseñado e incorporado los circuitos de recarga necesarios. El nodo también podría alimentarse con placas solares. Se ha incluido también un controlador para la gestión de estado del funcionamiento y el consumo. The power used in the node can be mixed: AC / DC and battery. The necessary charging circuits have been designed and incorporated for the battery. The node could also be powered by solar panels. A controller for operating status and consumption management has also been included.
El sistema de gestión de luminarias presenta una arquitectura software por capas con funcionalidad bien diferenciada, según se muestra en la Figura 4: The luminaire management system presents a layered software architecture with well differentiated functionality, as shown in Figure 4:
• Firmware: Se trata del software que va embebido en los dispositivos hardware del sistema de gestión de luminarias. Es la capa software de más bajo nivel del sistema y realizan tareas tan importantes como:  • Firmware: This is the software that is embedded in the hardware devices of the luminaire management system. It is the lowest level software layer of the system and perform tasks as important as:
o Comunicación con el balasto electrónico 2 embarcado en la luminaria 1 . o Formación de la red ZigBee. o Communication with electronic ballast 2 shipped in luminaire 1. o Formation of the ZigBee network.
o Comunicación entre los subsistemas de control de luminaria y subsistema ZigBee  o Communication between luminaire control subsystems and ZigBee subsystem
o Adquisición de datos a partir de los sensores instalados,  o Acquisition of data from installed sensors,
o Transmisión y recepción de datos entre los diferentes nodos,  o Transmission and reception of data between the different nodes,
o Comunicación con el exterior a través de los dispositivos coordinadores. o Communication with the outside through the coordinating devices.
• Middleware: Es el encargado de comunicarse con los dispositivos coordinadores y ofrecer un API con diferentes servicios para que éstos sean consumidos por la capa de gestión. Ofrece los siguientes servicios: • Middleware: It is in charge of communicating with the coordinating devices and offering an API with different services so that they are consumed by the management layer. It offers the following services:
o Control de luminaria: Comunicación con una luminaria o conjunto de luminarias con el objetivo de modificar su intensidad lumínica. o Mantenimiento de luminaria: servicio para comprobar el estado de una luminaria o un conjunto de ellas para comprobar su correcto funcionamiento.  o Luminaire control: Communication with a luminaire or set of luminaires with the aim of modifying its light intensity. o Luminaire maintenance: service to check the status of a luminaire or a set of them to check its correct operation.
o Consulta de datos: es posible consultar los datos de los sensores embarcados en una luminaria o un conjunto de ellas.  o Data consultation: it is possible to consult the data of the sensors shipped in a luminaire or a set of them.
• Software de gestión: es la capa de presentación o de usuario y proporciona al usuario final la interfaz de comunicación con las luminarias. Hace uso de los servicios ofrecidos por el middieware proporcionando al usuario un entorno web intuitivo y sencillo de usar. Se trata de una capa software de alto nivel constituido por una interfaz web de forma que puede controlarse desde cualquier lugar, presentado las siguientes funcionalidades:  • Management software: it is the presentation or user layer and provides the end user with the communication interface with the luminaires. It makes use of the services offered by the middieware by providing the user with an intuitive and easy-to-use web environment. It is a high-level software layer consisting of a web interface so that it can be controlled from anywhere, presenting the following functionalities:
- Control de una luminaria o un conjunto de luminarias: El usuario puede acceder de forma remota a una o varias luminarias y controlar la intensidad lumínica o consultar los datos de los sensores que la luminaria tiene instalados.  - Control of a luminaire or a set of luminaires: The user can remotely access one or more luminaires and control the light intensity or consult the data of the sensors that the luminaire has installed.
- Mantenimiento de una luminaria: El usuario puede consultar el estado de una luminaria, y comprobar si ésta está funcionando de forma correcta.  - Maintenance of a luminaire: The user can check the status of a luminaire, and check if it is working correctly.
- Creación de un perfil de luminosidad: la aplicación ofrece la posibilidad al usuario de establecer un perfil de luminosidad concreto según la zona lo requiera, de tal forma que se puedan establecer tantos perfiles como se desee y asignárselo a un grupo de luminarias.  - Creation of a luminosity profile: the application offers the user the possibility of establishing a specific luminosity profile as required by the area, so that as many profiles as desired can be established and assigned to a group of luminaires.
- Asignación de un perfil de luminosidad a un conjunto de luminarias. - Consulta de datos históricos. - Assignment of a luminosity profile to a set of luminaires. - Query historical data.
- Programación de parámetros de ahorro energético. Se definen perfiles de ahorro en función de señales de entradas o perfiles estadísticos.  - Programming of energy saving parameters. Savings profiles are defined based on input signals or statistical profiles.
- Histórico temporal para poder realizar un mantenimiento preventivo en las luminarias: consumo de potencias, aviso de sustitución, conmutación, horas de iluminación restantes, información de la potencia conectada, etc.  - Temporary history to perform preventive maintenance on the luminaires: power consumption, replacement notice, switching, remaining lighting hours, information of the connected power, etc.
- Sistema de alarmas por posible sobreconsumo, necesidad cambio luminaria, fallo luminaria, etc.  - Alarm system due to possible overconsumption, need to change luminaire, light failure, etc.
- Elaboración de informes.  - Preparation of reports.
- Control de información en tiempo real.  - Control of information in real time.
Los nodos están programados para poder actualizar el firmware de forma remota, posee de la pasarela necesaria para la comunicación entre la red Zigbee y los protocolos de comunicación GPS/GPRS, Ethernet o WiFi. The nodes are programmed to be able to update the firmware remotely, it has the gateway necessary for communication between the Zigbee network and the GPS / GPRS, Ethernet or WiFi communication protocols.
Los nodos forman una red mesh o red mallada, que permite que interactúen entre unos nodos con otros. Esta comunicación son de muy bajo consumo del orden de pico amperios. Para ello se ha programado todas las necesidades en el software de gestión: control de entradas/salidas, gestión mensajes, generación tramas de comunicación para el spot RF, definición y modos de operación gestión del reloj para el envido de datos, etc.  The nodes form a mesh network or mesh network, which allows them to interact with each other. This communication is very low consumption of the order of peak amps. To this end, all the needs have been programmed in the management software: control of inputs / outputs, message management, generation of communication frames for the RF spot, definition and modes of operation management of the clock for sending data, etc.
Todo el flujo de información que se genera entre los diferentes nodos está encriptada y protegida para evitar intrusiones o manipulaciones de los datos.  All the information flow generated between the different nodes is encrypted and protected to avoid intrusions or manipulation of the data.
La Figura 5 muestra un diagrama de flujo del funcionamiento del sistema, en el que el usuario controla el sistema a través del software de gestión incluido en el servidor, mediante el cual puede acceder a la red de dispositivos y los distintos nodos del sistema. Figure 5 shows a flow chart of the operation of the system, in which the user controls the system through the management software included in the server, through which he can access the network of devices and the different nodes of the system.
Otro punto innovador de este sistema radica en el amplio abanico de aplicaciones que pueden desarrollarse, desde el simple control de la iluminación de las farolas hasta la posible interactuacion con elementos que puedan encontrarse alrededor de las farolas, como pueden ser; vehículos, peatones, mobiliario, etc. Todo depende del entorno en que quiera utilizarse o la funcionalidad que quiera darse al sistema. El hecho de poder integrar todo tipo de sensores 7 dota al sistema de una gran versatilidad y un amplio campo de actuación. Another innovative point of this system lies in the wide range of applications that can be developed, from the simple control of the lighting of the lamps to the possible interaction with elements that can be found around the lamps, such as; vehicles, pedestrians, furniture, etc. It all depends on the environment in which you want to use or the functionality you want to give to system. The fact of being able to integrate all types of sensors 7 gives the system a great versatility and a wide field of action.
Con el presente sistema es posible crear ciudades inteligentes donde los elementos base sean las farolas o luminarias 1 y los dispositivos integrados en ellas: placa sensores, placa de comunicación, balasto electrónico y su correspondiente software de gestión. De esta forma se puede formar una red de comunicaciones inalámbrica para crear entornos interactivos inteligentes a lo largo de la ciudad. Para ello se incorporaran diferentes sensores 7 que dotan a la placa de comunicaciones de distintas funcionalidades para llevar a cabo la empresa.  With the present system it is possible to create smart cities where the base elements are the street lamps or luminaires 1 and the devices integrated in them: sensor board, communication board, electronic ballast and its corresponding management software. In this way, a wireless communications network can be formed to create intelligent interactive environments throughout the city. For this, different sensors 7 will be incorporated that provide the communication board with different functionalities to carry out the company.
Las aplicaciones que pueden realizarse una vez creada la red inalámbrica son los siguientes:  The applications that can be made once the wireless network is created are the following:
• Contaminación acústica. Señal de ruido en la población (sonometría).  • Acoustic pollution. Noise signal in the population (sonometry).
• Control de tráfico (contador de vehículos).  • Traffic control (vehicle counter).
• Gestión de aparcamiento inteligente.  • Intelligent parking management.
• Control de contaminación.  • Pollution control.
• Control de radiación solar.  • Solar radiation control.
• Control de elementos meteorológicos (pluviómetros, dirección y intensidad del viento, frecuencia, intensidad y densidad(para verificar si es lluvia, nieve ) de la lluvia o nieve).  • Control of meteorological elements (rain gauges, wind direction and intensity, frequency, intensity and density (to verify if it is rain, snow) of rain or snow).
• Control de temperatura y humedad.  • Temperature and humidity control.
• Detección de presencia, por ejemplo en los pasos de peatones.  • Presence detection, for example in crosswalks.
• Recogida de basuras. Posibilidad de trazar una ruta óptima según estén los contenedores llenos.  • Garbage collection. Possibility of drawing an optimal route according to the full containers.
• Control de agua en jardines.  • Water control in gardens.
• Control de personas (el sistema se puede implementar para el control de personas enfermas, teleasistencia).  • People control (the system can be implemented to control sick people, telecare).
• Posibilidad de recarga de coches eléctricos.  • Possibility of recharging electric cars.
• Opción de incorporar publicidad, tanto privada como partes del ayuntamiento o entidades oficiales.  • Option to incorporate advertising, both private and parts of the town hall or official entities.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1 . - Sistema de gestión de luminarias en entornos urbanos, caracterizado por que comprende, en cada luminaria (1 ) gestionada por el sistema: one . - Luminaire management system in urban environments, characterized in that it comprises, in each luminaire (1) managed by the system:
- un balasto electrónico (2) para el control de la intensidad lumínica de la luminaria (1 );  - an electronic ballast (2) for the control of the luminous intensity of the luminaire (1);
- un módulo de comunicaciones inalámbrico (4);  - a wireless communications module (4);
- una placa de sensores (5) encargados de recibir la señal de al menos un sensor (7);  - a sensor board (5) responsible for receiving the signal from at least one sensor (7);
- medios de procesamiento de datos (6) encargados de:  - means of data processing (6) responsible for:
• recibir la información proveniente de la placa de sensores (5);  • receive information from the sensor board (5);
• comunicarse con el módulo de comunicaciones inalámbrico (4) para, al menos, recibir órdenes de control del balasto electrónico;  • communicate with the wireless communications module (4) to at least receive control orders for the electronic ballast;
• controlar el balasto electrónico (2) en función, al menos, de las órdenes de control recibidas;  • control the electronic ballast (2) based on at least the control orders received;
por que las distintas luminarias (1 ) del sistema forman una red de nodos inalámbrica accesibles mediante su módulo de comunicaciones inalámbrico (4), comprendiendo dicha red de nodos: because the different luminaires (1) of the system form a network of wireless nodes accessible through its wireless communications module (4), said network comprising nodes:
- un nodo gateway (9) encargado de comunicar la red de nodos inalámbrica con un elemento de control externo a la red;  - a gateway node (9) responsible for communicating the wireless node network with an external control element to the network;
- al menos un nodo coordinador (1 1 ), cada uno encargado de generar una subred (13) y controlar las luminarias (1 ) que componen dicha subred (13);  - at least one coordinating node (1 1), each one in charge of generating a subnet (13) and controlling the luminaries (1) that make up said subnet (13);
- una pluralidad de nodos finales (12), estando cada uno englobado en una subred (13) y subordinado al nodo coordinador (1 1 ) correspondiente;  - a plurality of end nodes (12), each being encompassed in a subnet (13) and subordinated to the corresponding coordinating node (1 1);
y por que adicionalmente el sistema comprende un servidor (8) configurado para controlar y acceder a los distintos nodos de la red de nodos a través del nodo gateway (9). and because additionally the system comprises a server (8) configured to control and access the different nodes of the node network through the gateway node (9).
2. - Sistema de gestión de luminarias en entornos urbanos según la reivindicación 1 , donde el módulo de comunicaciones inalámbrico (4) de cada luminaria (1 ) es un módulo Zigbee, siendo la red de nodos inalámbrica una red ZigBee. 2. - Luminaire management system in urban environments according to claim 1, wherein the wireless communications module (4) of each luminaire (1) is a Zigbee module, the wireless node network being a ZigBee network.
3. - Sistema de gestión de luminarias en entornos urbanos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde cada luminaria (1 ) dispone de un sensor de intensidad lumínica (7) conectado a la placa de sensores (5). 3. - Luminaire management system in urban environments according to any of the preceding claims, wherein each luminaire (1) has a light intensity sensor (7) connected to the sensor board (5).
4. - Sistema de gestión de luminarias en entornos urbanos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde la red de nodos comprende adicionalmente al menos un nodo router (10) encargado de redireccionar mensajes hacia otros nodos de la red. 4. - Luminaire management system in urban environments according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the node network additionally comprises at least one router node (10) responsible for redirecting messages to other nodes in the network.
5. - Sistema de gestión de luminarias en entornos urbanos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde la red de nodos inalámbrica comprende adicionalmente al menos un nodo final (12), englobado en una subred (13), que está instalado en otro tipo de mobiliario urbano diferente a las luminarias (1 ) y que dispone de un módulo de comunicaciones inalámbrico. 5. - Luminaire management system in urban environments according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the wireless node network additionally comprises at least one end node (12), encompassed in a subnet (13), which is installed in another type of Street furniture different from the luminaires (1) and which has a wireless communications module.
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