WO2013067254A1 - Method and apparatus to generate virtual sector wide static beams using phase shift transmit diversity - Google Patents
Method and apparatus to generate virtual sector wide static beams using phase shift transmit diversity Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013067254A1 WO2013067254A1 PCT/US2012/063163 US2012063163W WO2013067254A1 WO 2013067254 A1 WO2013067254 A1 WO 2013067254A1 US 2012063163 W US2012063163 W US 2012063163W WO 2013067254 A1 WO2013067254 A1 WO 2013067254A1
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- Prior art keywords
- phase
- signal
- phase shifted
- antenna
- shifted signals
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0426—Power distribution
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
- H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0667—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0682—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission using phase diversity (e.g. phase sweeping)
Definitions
- base station (BS) antennas are defined both physically and logically (in LTE they are referred to as antenna ports).
- Logical antennas are mapped to and implemented via physical antennas ⁇ e.g., typically several physical antennas are mapped to one logical antenna).
- Physical antennas are generally transparent and not visible to mobile stations (MSs) , while logical antennas are generally distinguishable to MSs,
- Some of these signals need to achieve proper sector-wide (or cell-wide as it is known. in the GSM/UMTS context.) coverage. Achieving this coverage is often hard especially if the number of physical antennas that make up a logical antenna is small. For example, currently two physical antennas can not provide sector wide coverage for one logical antenna according to existing techniques. Furthermore, if sufficient physical antennas are used to obtain sector-wide coverage, existing techniques produce a combined over-the-air signal that fails to fully utilize the full BS power. Also it is desirable to do this without.
- Fig. 1. illustrates one of the most common ways to achieve sector-wide static beams.
- each transformer 100 applies a fixed gain Ai and fixed phase ⁇ 1 to the same signal S. Namely, the gain and phase do not change with time such that the transmission from each antenna 1 10 associated with a respective one of the transformers 100 remains fixed over the time of transmission.
- the transmissions from the multiple antennas 110 that make up an antenna port are combined over the air.
- the combining can in general fin most cases, but not all e.g., not with 2 antennas) yield proper sector wide static beams with proper choice of gains and phases. This typically requires correlated antenna configuration, i.e., under most circumstances co-polarized antennas that are spaced fractions of a wavelength, ⁇ apart.
- Another method is to map only one physical antenna (instead of
- N physical antennas to one logical antenna port for these sector- wide beams and associated common channels.
- the N-antenna's power for these common channels instead of utilizing the N-antenna's power for these common channels only the power of the one actual antenna that is used to map to the logical antenna port will be utilized.
- the disadvantage is that the BS power is significantly under-utilized and wasted for these common channels.
- At least one embodiment relates to a method of generating tranmission signals
- the method includes receiving a signal, and generating first and second transmission signals from the received signal.
- the first signal has a fixed phase
- the second signal has a phase that changes over time.
- the first and second signals are sent from first and second antennas, respectively.
- the generating includes applying a first gain to the received signal to generate the first signal, and applying a second gain and phase shift to the received signal to generate the second signal.
- the applied phase shift changes over time.
- the first and second gains are equal.
- the method includes receiving a signal, and phase shifting the signal at a plurality of transformers to produce a plurality of phase shifted signals, each of the plurality of phase shifted signals having a phase that changes over time.
- Each of the plurality of phase shifted signals are sent from a different antenna.
- the phase shifting produces the phase shifted signals such that at least some of the phase shifted signals have phases that change at different phase change rates.
- the phase change rate of each of the plurality of phase shifted signals is an integer multiple of a reference phase change rate. In one embodiment, one of the plurality of phase shifted signals has a phase that changes at the reference phase change rate.
- Any of these embodiments may further include setting gains of the plurality of phase shifted signals.
- the same gain is set for the plurality of phase shifted signals.
- the method includes receiving first and second signals, generating first and second transmission signals from the first received signal such that the second transmission signal changes phase at a first rate greater than a rate of the first
- the first, second, third and fourth transmission signals are sent from first, second, third and fourth antennas, respectively.
- At least one embodiment relates to a transmitter.
- the transmitter includes a plurality of transformers. Each transformer receives a same signal, and at least, one of the transformers phase shifts the signal to produce a phase shifted signal having a phase that changes over time.
- the transmitter also includes an antenna corresponding to each of the plurality of transformers. Each antenna sends output produced by the
- the pluralit of transformers produce more than one phase shifted signal such that at least some of the phase shifted signals have phases that change at different phase change rates
- the phase change rate of each of the phase shifted signals is an integer multiple of a reference phase change rate.
- one of the phase shifted signals has the reference phase change rate.
- the transformers may apply respective gains to the signal. In one embodiment, the transformers appl a same gain to the signal.
- Fig. 1 illustrates one of the common ways to achieve sector-wide static beams.
- Fig. 2 illustrates a transmitter implementing a method to achieve sector-wide static beams according to an embodiment.
- Fig. 3 illustrates the specific example of two antennas forming a logical antenna according to an embodiment.
- first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of this disclosure. As used herein, the term “and/ or,” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. When an element is referred to as being "connected,” or
- Coupled to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present.
- an element is referred to as being “directly connected,” or “directly coupled,” to another element, there are no intervening elements present.
- Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g.,
- example embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.
- systems may be shown in block diagrams so as not to obscure the example embodiments in unnecessar detail.
- well-known processes, structures and techniques may be shown without unnecessary' detail in order to avoid obscuring example embodiments.
- terms such as “processing” or “computing” or “calculating” or “determining” or “displaying” or the like refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical, electronic quantities w thin the computer system's registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.
- a process may be terminated when its operations are completed, but may also have additional steps not included in the figure.
- a process may correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subprogram, etc.
- a process corresponds to a function
- its termination may correspond to a return of the function to the callin function or the main function.
- the software implemented aspects of example embodiments are typically encoded on some form of tangible (or recording) storage medium or implemented over some type of transmission medium.
- storage medium may represent one or more devices for storing data, including read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic RAM, magnetic disk storage mediums, optical storage mediums, flash memory devices and/or other tangible machine readable mediums for storing information.
- computer- readable medium may include, but is not limited to, portable or fixed storage devices, optical storage devices, and various other mediums capable of storing, containing or carrying instruction (s) and / or data.
- example embodiments may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or any combination thereof.
- the program code or code segments to perform the necessary tasks may be stored in a machine or computer readable medium such as a computer readable storage medium.
- a processor or processors When implemented in software, a processor or processors will perform the necessary tasks.
- a code segment ma represent a procedure, function,
- a code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and/or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters or memory contents.
- Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted via any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc.
- a mobile station may be synonymous to a mobile user, user equipment or UE, mobile terminal, user, subscriber, wireless terminal, terminal, and/or remote station and may describe a remote user of wireless resources in a wireless communication network. Accordingly, a mobile station (MS) may be a wireless phone, wireless equipped laptop, wireless equipped appliance, etc.
- base station may be understood as a one or more cell sites, base stations, nodeBs, enhanced NodeBs (eNodeB),
- Communication from the base station to the MS is typically called downlink or forward link communication.
- Communication from the MS to the base station is typicall called uplink or reverse link communication.
- Fig. 2 illustrates a transmitter implementing a method to achieve sector-wide static beams according to an embodiment.
- This embodiment employs phase shift transmit diversity (PSTD) across the transmit array.
- the transmitter includes a plurality N of transformers 200 that receive a signal S in parallel, where N is greater than or equal to two.
- the transmitter may be included in a wireless device such as a base station.
- Each transformer 200 may phase shift the signal S differently, and supplies the phase shifted signal to a respective physical antenna 210.
- the N physical antennas 210 form one logical antenna.
- the phase ( ⁇ ) being varied across the antennas (in addition to the gains) as in the conventional approach
- the PSTD approach the rate of change of phase ( ⁇ ) is varied across the array.
- each of the transformers 200 may generate a phase shifted signal in the same manner as shown below for the ith transformer 200-i.
- the ith transformer 2004 generates a phase shifted signal PSi according to the expression: PSi « S * Ai*e (j * «i *t) i l ) where S is the original signal associated with the antenna port, A is the gain, ⁇ is a phase change rate, and t is time.
- the phase of the phase shifted signal PSi may increase linearly with time. This results in the combined signal across the PSTD processed antennas sweeping across the sector over time.
- transformers 200 may also affect the gain as well as the phase of the signal S.
- the signals may be transmitted in one particular embodiment over correlated antenna configurations, e.g., co-polarized antennas that are spaced fractions of wavelength, ⁇ apart. Note that in other environments correlated antenna configurations may be feasible under non -co -polarized antennas or antennas spaced further apart than fractions of wavelength.
- one of the phase change rates may be set to zero. This may apply, for example, to a two antenna case described in detail below with respect to Fig. 3.
- the transformers 200 may be implemented in the analog domain using RF circuits where the phase changes uniformly as a function of time as described in the equation above for each antenna.
- the transformers 200 may instead be implemented in the digital domain Using a processor such as a digital signal processor wherein the signal is multiplied with a precoder chosen from a pre coder set in accordance to the above equation at applicable time t, stepping through each sequentially in specified intervals in a cyclic manner.
- the effect of the PSTD preceding technique of the example embodiments is to cause the identical signals coming from different, antennas to combine over the air in such a way as to form a directional beam.
- the directional beam will sweep spatially across the sector.
- MS which is normally done by an MS for various operations such as channel estimates, channel quality estimates, channel rank, precoder matrix indices for feeding back to the base station, etc
- ⁇ ⁇ in the one example will yield the equivalent beam pattern as that of a single physical antenna, but with the total power equivalent of all the transmit paths put together.
- the MS sees a static beam with N times the power of a single transmit branch. Accordingly, the beam being swept across the sector produces a virtual static sector-wide beam as seen by the MS.
- Fig. 3 illustrates the specific example of two antennas forming a logical antenna according to an embodiment.
- a further benefit of the techniques according to the above described embodiments is that sector-wide coverage may be obtained using only two physical antennas.
- Fig. 3 shows a 4 physical antenna configuration where first and second physical antennas 310 and 320 have a column separation of D from, third and fourth physical antennas 330 and 340.
- Fig. 3 further shows that the first and third antennas 310 and 330 are mapped to and form one logical antenna.
- second and fourth antennas 320 and 340 may be mapped to and form a second logical antenna.
- providing two logical antennas in this manner provides support for MI MO operations.
- the phase change rate, ⁇ may be the same or different across the different logical antenna ports.
- the phase change rate across the two logical antenna ports are inverted, i.e., ⁇ may be applied to antenna 330 relative to antenna 310 to form logical antenna port 0 as described above, and the opposite phase change rate (i.e., -a) may he applied to antenna 340 relative to antenna 320 to form logical antenna port 1 in a similar manner.
- MIMO operation is applied across the logical antenna ports 0 and 1.
- the same phase change rate ⁇ could be applied to antenna 340 relative to antenna 320,
- the phase change rate associated with the first physical antenna 310 may be set to zero. Namely, with respect to Fig. 2, the phase change rate of the first transformer 200-1 is set equal to zero.
- the third transformer 200-3 associated with the third physical antenna 330 sets the phase change rate cos to a non-zero value.
- the phase shifted signal from the third physical antenna 330 results in the combined beam-formed signal across the first and third antennas 31.0 and 330 sweeping across the sector when observed over time as shown in Fig. 3.
- the PSTD combining can be done across cross- polarized antenna 310 and 320 within the same column (or 310 and 340 across columns) instead of the co-polarized array as described above.
- This is intended to achieve a circularl or an elliptically polarized beam-formed signal in each logical antenna port instead of a uni-polarized beam-formed signal as described above.
- Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the invention. and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201280053657.3A CN103907291B (en) | 2011-11-04 | 2012-11-02 | The method and apparatus of the wide static wave beam in virtual sectors is generated using phase shift transmitting diversity |
EP12798477.1A EP2774280A1 (en) | 2011-11-04 | 2012-11-02 | Method and apparatus to generate virtual sector wide static beams using phase shift transmit diversity |
JP2014540108A JP2015504626A (en) | 2011-11-04 | 2012-11-02 | Method and apparatus for generating a static beam across an entire virtual sector using phase shift transmit diversity |
KR1020147012111A KR101662414B1 (en) | 2011-11-04 | 2012-11-02 | Method and apparatus to generate virtual sector wide static beams using phase shift transmit diversity |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US201161555686P | 2011-11-04 | 2011-11-04 | |
US61/555,686 | 2011-11-04 | ||
US13/622,580 US9450659B2 (en) | 2011-11-04 | 2012-09-19 | Method and apparatus to generate virtual sector wide static beams using phase shift transmit diversity |
US13/622,580 | 2012-09-19 |
Publications (1)
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WO2013067254A1 true WO2013067254A1 (en) | 2013-05-10 |
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PCT/US2012/063163 WO2013067254A1 (en) | 2011-11-04 | 2012-11-02 | Method and apparatus to generate virtual sector wide static beams using phase shift transmit diversity |
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US (1) | US9450659B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2774280A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2015504626A (en) |
KR (1) | KR101662414B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103907291B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013067254A1 (en) |
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EP3376698A4 (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2019-02-27 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Multi-antenna transmission method under co-cell network, and base station |
KR20180118130A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2018-10-30 | 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 | Sturdy Phase Locked Loop Design Method |
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CN103907291A (en) | 2014-07-02 |
KR20140072905A (en) | 2014-06-13 |
US20150244442A9 (en) | 2015-08-27 |
KR101662414B1 (en) | 2016-10-04 |
US9450659B2 (en) | 2016-09-20 |
CN103907291B (en) | 2018-06-22 |
US20140079097A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
JP2015504626A (en) | 2015-02-12 |
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