WO2013110402A1 - Device for optically scanning and measuring an environment - Google Patents

Device for optically scanning and measuring an environment Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013110402A1
WO2013110402A1 PCT/EP2012/075178 EP2012075178W WO2013110402A1 WO 2013110402 A1 WO2013110402 A1 WO 2013110402A1 EP 2012075178 W EP2012075178 W EP 2012075178W WO 2013110402 A1 WO2013110402 A1 WO 2013110402A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
measuring head
base
laser scanner
mounting device
locking means
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/075178
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Christoph Neundorf
Reinhard Becker
Original Assignee
Faro Technologies, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Faro Technologies, Inc. filed Critical Faro Technologies, Inc.
Priority to JP2014553647A priority Critical patent/JP6027141B2/en
Priority to US14/374,054 priority patent/US9417056B2/en
Priority to GB1410276.8A priority patent/GB2512515B/en
Priority to CN201280048465.3A priority patent/CN103857984B/en
Publication of WO2013110402A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013110402A1/en

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/14Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C15/00Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
    • G01C15/002Active optical surveying means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/10Scanning systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/06Illumination; Optics
    • G01N2201/061Sources
    • G01N2201/06113Coherent sources; lasers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/10Scanning
    • G01N2201/105Purely optical scan

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device having the features of the generic term of Claim 1.
  • the environment of the laser scanner can be optically scanned and measured.
  • the invention is based on the object of improving a device of the type mentioned in the introduction. This object is achieved according to the invention by means of a device comprising the features of Claim 1.
  • the dependent claims relate to advantageous configurations.
  • Different operating modes can be provided for the laser scanner.
  • the laser scanner as a whole is moved by means of a cart, on which the base is mounted by means of a mounting device.
  • the measuring head rests relative to the base, while the mirror rotates about its horizontal axis, relative to the measuring head.
  • the notion unfoldcart“ means every vehicle suitable for transporting the operating laser scanner.
  • the measuring head in addition to the fixed connection between the base and the mounting device – the measuring head is locked with the mounting device, corresponding locking means being provided for this purpose.
  • the pivot bearing between measuring head and base is thus bridged and relieved.
  • the mechanical connection of the base with the mounting device and/or the locking of the measuring head with the mounting device preferably take place without backlash, for example by providing conical elements or elements which taper in a wedge-shaped manner.
  • the electrical connection between base and mounting device is optional and can be replaced, for example, by a direct (cable) connection between the laser scanner, particularly the base, and the cart.
  • the base In another operating mode (spherical mode), the base is stationary, and mirror and measuring head rotate about their axes.
  • the scatteredhorizontal“ arrangement of the axis of rotation of the mirror and the conductedvertical“ arrangement of the axis of rotation of the measuring head refer to an ideal alignment of the laser scanner.
  • the notions conductedhorizontal“ andparticularlyvertical“ are to be intended in a wider sense.
  • the components of the laser scanner are arranged in two parts of the measuring head and in a traverse of the carrying structure which connects said two parts.
  • the carrying structure preferably forms a part of the housing of the laser scanner, for example a bottom part and/or a central part between the two parts of the measuring head.
  • a shell is preferably provided as part of the housing, preferably one shell each for each of the two parts of the measuring head, said shells being able to consist of a light material, for example plastics, and covering the corresponding components of the laser scanner in order to protect them.
  • a yoke is provided, preferably one yoke each for each shell, said yoke partially covering the outside of the shell and being able to consist of a light material as well, for example of aluminum.
  • the yokes can be omitted in an alternative configuration, for example if the shells are configured in a more stable manner and connected with the carrying structure.
  • the carrying structure which, for reasons of weight, is preferably composed of aluminum as well, preferably is provided with walls which serve for fixing the components with the optics and with the rotating mirror.
  • the walls can also close the semi-open shells.
  • the yoke preferably extends along the outer edges and/or obliquely over the outer surfaces of the shell ans is fixed to the carrying structure, preferably at the ends thereof, if required also in the center thereof, at one of the two walls.
  • further functions can be integrated in the yokes.
  • the first locking means for example fixed notches, are thus preferably configured on the yokes.
  • second locking means preferably movable pawls, locks or the like, which are supported on the mounting device, are provided. The movable second locking means then engage in the fixed first locking means.
  • the assignment of the fixed and of the movable locking means to the measuring head and to the mounting device can also be exactly reversed.
  • the mechanical connecting means of the base with the mounting device and the locking means between measuring head and mounting device are preferably arranged crosswise, in order to obtain a supporting of the laser scanner on the mounting device which is as stable as possible.
  • the terminal for the electrical connection with the cart is located preferably adjacent to the locking means and thus outside the space angle which can be reached by the emission light beam.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic illustration of the laser scanner during operation, with a sketched cart
  • Fig. 2 shows a perspective illustration of the laser scanner
  • Fig. 3 shows a perspective illustration of the mounting device
  • Fig. 4 shows the underside view of the laser scanner.
  • a laser scanner 10 is provided as a device for optically scanning and measuring the environment of the laser scanner 10.
  • the laser scanner 10 has a measuring head 12 and a base 14.
  • the measuring head 12 is mounted on the base 14 as a unit that can be rotated about a vertical axis.
  • the measuring head 12 has a rotary mirror 16, which can be rotated about a horizontal axis.
  • the intersection point of the two axes of rotation is designated center C 10 of the laser scanner 10.
  • the measuring head 12 is further provided with a light emitter 17 for emitting an emission light beam 18.
  • the emission light beam 18 is preferably a laser beam in the range of approx. 300 to 1600 nm wave length, for example 790 nm, 905 nm or less than 400 nm, on principle, also other electro-magnetic waves having, for example, a greater wave length can be used, however.
  • the emission light beam 18 is amplitude-modulated, for example with a sinusoidal or with a rectangular-waveform modulation signal.
  • the emission light beam 18 is emitted by the light emitter 17 onto the rotary mirror 16, where it is deflected and emitted to the environment.
  • the direction of the emission light beam 18 and of the reception light beam 20 results from the angular positions of the rotary mirror 16 and the measuring head 12, which depend on the positions of their corresponding rotary drives which, in turn, are registered by one encoder each.
  • a control and evaluation unit 22 has a data connection to the light emitter 17 and to the light receiver 21 in measuring head 12, whereby parts of it can be arranged also outside the measuring head 12, for example a computer connected to the base 14.
  • the control and evaluation unit 22 determines, for a multitude of measuring points X, the distance d between the laser scanner 10 and the (illuminated point at) object O, from the propagation time of emission light beam 18 and reception light beam 20. For this purpose, the phase shift between the two light beams 18 and 20 can, for example, be determined and evaluated.
  • Scanning takes place along a circle by means of the (quick) rotation of the rotary mirror 16.
  • the whole space is scanned step by step, by means of the circles.
  • the entity of measuring points X of such a measurement is designated scan.
  • the center C 10 of the laser scanner 10 defines the origin of the local stationary reference system.
  • the base 14 rests in this local stationary reference system.
  • each measuring point X comprises a brightness information which is determined by the control and evaluation unit 22 as well.
  • the brightness value is a gray-tone value which is determined, for example, by integration of the bandpass-filtered and amplified signal of the light receiver 21 over a measuring period which is attributed to the measuring point X.
  • a color camera can optionally generate pictures, by means of which colors (R,G,B) can be assigned to the measuring points as values.
  • a display device 24 is connected to the control and evaluation unit 22.
  • the display device 24 is integrated into the laser scanner 10, in the present case into the measuring head 12.
  • the display device 24 shows a preview of the scan.
  • the laser scanner 10 has a carrying structure 30 which serves as hearskeleton“ of the measuring head 12 and at which different components of the laser scanner 10 are fixed.
  • the metal carrying structure 30 is made of aluminum and in one piece.
  • the carrying structure 30 has a traverse 30a which is visible from outside and which, at both ends, carries two walls 30b, which are parallel to one another and project upwards from the traverse 30a.
  • Two shells 32 are configured as a housing which is open to one side, preferably composed of plastic material. Each of the two shells 32 covers part of the components of the laser scanner 10 which are fixed to the carrying structure 30 and is assigned to one of the two walls 30b, to which it is fixed (sealed with a sealing).
  • the walls 30b and the shells 32 thus serve as housing of the laser scanner 10.
  • each of the two shells 32 a – preferably metal – yoke 34 is arranged, which partially covers and thus protects the assigned shell 32.
  • Each yoke 34 is fixed to the carrying structure 30, and more precisely on the bottom of the traverse 30a.
  • each yoke 34 is made of aluminum and screwed to the traverse 30a at the side of the base 14.
  • Each yoke 34 extends from its fixing point at the bottom of the traverse 30a obliquely to the next outer corner of the assigned shell 32, from where it extends along the outer edge of shell 32 to the outer corner of shell 32 which is above, on the upper side of shell 32 obliquely up to the wall 30b, a short distance along it, and then mirror-symmetrically to the described course on the upper side of shell 32, obliquely to the other outer corner, along the outer edge of shell 32 to the outer corner of shell 32 which is below and obliquely to the other fastening point at the bottom side of traverse 30a.
  • the two yokes 34 together circumscribe a (convex) space, within which the two shells 32 are completely arranged, i.e. the two yokes 34 together project over all outer edges and outer surfaces of the shells 32.
  • the oblique sections of the yokes 34 project over the top and/or bottom of the shells 32, on the four other sides, two sections each extending along an outer edge of the shells 32.
  • the shells 32 are thus protected extensively.
  • each of the yokes 34 primarily has a protective function, particularly with respect to impacts which might damage the shells 32 and the components of the laser scanner 10 which are arranged below, further functions can be integrated in one or both of the yokes 34, for example a gripping possibility for carrying the laser scanner 10 and/or an illumination.
  • the base 14 In a spherical mode, the base 14 is arranged in the environment in a stationary manner, the mirror 16 rotates about its horizontal axis, and the measuring head 12 rotates about its vertical axis.
  • the two rotations define a sphere, by means of which the laser scanner 10 scans its environment (completely).
  • the base 14 moves relative to its environment along a line
  • the mirror 16 rotates about its horizontal axis
  • the measuring head 12 rests relative to the base 14.
  • the rotation and the movement along the line define a helical, by means of which the laser scanner 10 scans its environment (partially).
  • the line can have any shape. It will, however, usually consist of straight and/or slightly curved sections.
  • the laser scanner 10 is mounted on a cart W, for example on a motor vehicle.
  • a mounting device 40 is provided for this purpose, which is fixedly connected mechanically and electrically with both, the cart W and the laser scanner 10.
  • the mounting device 40 has an approximately cylindrical basic body 40a, the diameter of which is slightly bigger than that of the base 14.
  • Two pairs of fixing pins 40p protrude from the upper face of the basic body 40a of the mounting device 40, said fixing pins 40p, for interacting with suitable fixing holes 14p, are configured on the bottom side of the base 14.
  • a pre-positioning by means of the fixing pins 40p would be subject to backlash. This is why, from the upper face of the mounting device 40, two further positioning pins 40f protrude, which, for interacting with suitable positioning holes 14f are configured on the underside of the base 14.
  • Each of the positioning pins 40f is arranged between the two fixing pins 40p of a pair.
  • the positioning pins 40f When the fixing pins 40p enter the assigned fixing holes 14p, i.e. are screwed in, the positioning pins 40f enter the assigned positioning holes 14f.
  • the positioning pins 40f are configured to be fixed (relative to the basic body 40a). At least one of the two positioning pins 40f preferably has a conical end, which, when entering the assigned positioning hole 14f, provides for an absence of backlash (and a force closure).
  • electricalal connecting elements are provided, in the present case on the upper face of the basic body 40a, an integrated contact bushing 40s with flat contacts and, suitable to it, on the bottom side of the base 14, an integrated contact plug 14s with spring pins.
  • the mounting device 40 On the circumferential surface of its basic body 40a, the mounting device 40 has at least two screw-in holes 40u (or alternatively other fixation means) for the mechanical connection with the cart W and at least one terminal for the electrical connection with the cart W.
  • the electrical connecting elements 14s, 40s and 40v both, data and energy, are transmitted.
  • the assignments of male and female electrical connecting elements to the base 14 and to the mounting device 40 can also be exchanged. The same applies to the mechanical connecting elements 14f, 14p, 40f and 40p.
  • the mounting device 40 is connected mechanically by means of the above-described mechanical connecting elements 14f, 14p, 40f and 40p at the base 14 of the laser scanner 10 and connected electrically with the laser scanner 10 by means of the electrical connecting elements 14s and 40s.
  • the measuring head 12 In the event of an agitated movement of the cart W during the helical mode, the measuring head 12with its inertia could stress with changing moments its pivot bearing in the base 14.
  • the mounting device 40 therefore is not only fixedly connected with the base 14, but it is also locked with the measuring head 12.
  • the mounting device 40 interacts with the yokes 34 – and consequently with the carrying structure 30.
  • the two yokes 34 have, in the immediate vicinity of their fixation to the carrying structure 30, i.e. in the present case the screw points at the traverse 30a, a first locking means 34k.
  • the first two locking means 34k are thus fixed to the carrying structure 30.
  • Each first locking means 34k is configured, in the present case, as a notch in the yoke 34 (with flanks which taper in a wedge-shaped manner), which opens radially outward with respect to the axis of rotation of the measuring head 12.
  • the two first locking means 34k thereby open in opposite directions.
  • the first locking means 34k can also be formed on the carrying structure 30 (i.e. configured in one piece with it) or be separate components, which are fixed to the yokes 34 or to other parts of the carrying structure 30.
  • the mounting device 40 has, on its basic body 40a and offset to each of the pairs of fixing pins 40p and positioning pins 40f, a pillow block 40i.
  • the pillow blocks 40i are curved in an arc-shaped manner with an almost square cross section.
  • the pillow blocks 40i which are preferably configured in one piece have, in their center, a central area, as well as, on the sides thereof, wing areas.
  • the wing areas serve for fixing the corresponding pillow block 40i, more precisely for receiving fixing screws, and can be omitted if the pillow block 40i is fixed in another manner.
  • the central area is elevated with respect to the wing areas, so that the wing areas of the pillow blocks 40i are spaced from the yokes 34, if the base 14 bears on the upper face of the basic body 40a.
  • the central area of each pillow block 40i can be dimensioned in such a way that it engages between the assigned yokes 34.
  • Each pillow block 40i pivotably mounts a second locking means 40k which, in the present case, is configured as a pin-shaped lock with a support which bears it.
  • the second locking means 40k can pivot from a radial initial position with respect to the basic body 40a into an axial final position (and back).
  • a pre-bias of the second locking means 40k is provided in the initial position and in the final position, for example by means of a spring which has a dead point between initial position and final position.
  • a pre-bias is provided only for the final position.
  • the second locking means 40k is preferably pivoted manually.
  • the positioning pins 40f and the second locking means 40k are arranged crosswise, i.e.
  • connection lines intersect, in the present case, at an angle of 90°.
  • the at least one electrical connecting element 40v for the electrical connection with the cart W is located preferably adjacent to the second locking means 40k, in the present case below the central area of one of the pillow blocks 40i and consequently outside the space angle which is reached by the emission light beam 18.
  • the mounting device 40 With the laser scanner 10, the latter is placed with its base 14 on the basic body 40a and positioned by means of the positioning pins 40f and the positioning holes 14f, without backlash in the final position. At the same time, the contact plug 14s is plugged into the contact bushing 40s. The fixing pins 40p then are moved, i.e. screwed into the fixing holes 14p, the base 14 thus being connected without backlash with the mounting device 40. Finally the second locking means 40k are pivoted into their final position.
  • the assigned first locking means 34k which are configured as notches and finally engage therein, if necessary by sliding along the flanks of the notches (said flanks being tapered in a wedge-shaped manner), until the measuring head 12 is locked without backlash with the mounting device 40.
  • a completely strain-free locking is preferably reached by the measuring head 12 being aligned as precisely as possible with respect to its angle position relative to the base 14 at the latest before the second locking means 40k are pivoted into their final position, so that, by means of the locking means 34k and 40k, only the backlash of the rotary drive of the measuring head 12 must be eliminated or reduced. Since the angle position of the measuring head 12 is registered by means of an encoder, a calibration of said encoder is extremely advantageous. Alternatively, a smoothly running idle movement of the rotary drive or a big backlash of the same can be provided, so that the locking means 34k and 40k themselves carry out the precise alignment of the measuring head 12.

Abstract

A device for optically scanning and measuring an environment is designed as a laser scanner (10), with a base (14), a measuring head (12) which is rotatable relative to the base (14), a mirror (16) which is rotatably relative to the measuring head (12), wherein, in at least one operating mode, the laser scanner (10) is mounted on a cart (W) by means of a mounting device (40), the cart (W) moves the base (14) which is fixedly connected with the mounting device (40), the measuring head (12) rests relative to the base (14), the mirror (16) rotates, and the measuring head (12) is locked with the mounting device (40) by means of locking means (34k, 40k).

Description

Device for optically scanning and measuring an environment
The invention relates to a device having the features of the generic term of Claim 1.
By means of a device such as is known for example from DE 20 2006 005 643 U1, and which is designed as a laser scanner, the environment of the laser scanner can be optically scanned and measured.
The invention is based on the object of improving a device of the type mentioned in the introduction. This object is achieved according to the invention by means of a device comprising the features of Claim 1. The dependent claims relate to advantageous configurations.
Different operating modes can be provided for the laser scanner. In at least one operating mode (helical mode), the laser scanner as a whole is moved by means of a cart, on which the base is mounted by means of a mounting device. The measuring head rests relative to the base, while the mirror rotates about its horizontal axis, relative to the measuring head. The notion „cart“ means every vehicle suitable for transporting the operating laser scanner.
According to the invention – in addition to the fixed connection between the base and the mounting device – the measuring head is locked with the mounting device, corresponding locking means being provided for this purpose. The pivot bearing between measuring head and base is thus bridged and relieved. In particular, static strains caused by a not uniform clamping of the measuring head when the base is mounted on the mounting device and dynamic loads caused by moments of inertia of the measuring head are avoided.
The mechanical connection of the base with the mounting device and/or the locking of the measuring head with the mounting device preferably take place without backlash, for example by providing conical elements or elements which taper in a wedge-shaped manner. The electrical connection between base and mounting device is optional and can be replaced, for example, by a direct (cable) connection between the laser scanner, particularly the base, and the cart.
In another operating mode (spherical mode), the base is stationary, and mirror and measuring head rotate about their axes.
The „horizontal“ arrangement of the axis of rotation of the mirror and the „vertical“ arrangement of the axis of rotation of the measuring head refer to an ideal alignment of the laser scanner. In case of an alignment of the laser scanner which is inclined with respect to the ideal alignment, the notions „horizontal“ and „vertical“ are to be intended in a wider sense.
The components of the laser scanner are arranged in two parts of the measuring head and in a traverse of the carrying structure which connects said two parts. The carrying structure preferably forms a part of the housing of the laser scanner, for example a bottom part and/or a central part between the two parts of the measuring head. To reduce the weight of the laser scanner, a shell is preferably provided as part of the housing, preferably one shell each for each of the two parts of the measuring head, said shells being able to consist of a light material, for example plastics, and covering the corresponding components of the laser scanner in order to protect them. To protect the shell in turn, preferably a yoke is provided, preferably one yoke each for each shell, said yoke partially covering the outside of the shell and being able to consist of a light material as well, for example of aluminum. The yokes can be omitted in an alternative configuration, for example if the shells are configured in a more stable manner and connected with the carrying structure.
The carrying structure which, for reasons of weight, is preferably composed of aluminum as well, preferably is provided with walls which serve for fixing the components with the optics and with the rotating mirror. The walls can also close the semi-open shells. The yoke preferably extends along the outer edges and/or obliquely over the outer surfaces of the shell ans is fixed to the carrying structure, preferably at the ends thereof, if required also in the center thereof, at one of the two walls. In addition to the protective function, further functions can be integrated in the yokes.
The first locking means, for example fixed notches, are thus preferably configured on the yokes. As second locking means, preferably movable pawls, locks or the like, which are supported on the mounting device, are provided. The movable second locking means then engage in the fixed first locking means. The assignment of the fixed and of the movable locking means to the measuring head and to the mounting device can also be exactly reversed.
The mechanical connecting means of the base with the mounting device and the locking means between measuring head and mounting device are preferably arranged crosswise, in order to obtain a supporting of the laser scanner on the mounting device which is as stable as possible. The terminal for the electrical connection with the cart is located preferably adjacent to the locking means and thus outside the space angle which can be reached by the emission light beam.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment illustrated in the drawing, in which
Fig. 1 shows a schematic illustration of the laser scanner during operation, with a sketched cart,
Fig. 2 shows a perspective illustration of the laser scanner,
Fig. 3 shows a perspective illustration of the mounting device, and
Fig. 4 shows the underside view of the laser scanner.
A laser scanner 10 is provided as a device for optically scanning and measuring the environment of the laser scanner 10. The laser scanner 10 has a measuring head 12 and a base 14. The measuring head 12 is mounted on the base 14 as a unit that can be rotated about a vertical axis. The measuring head 12 has a rotary mirror 16, which can be rotated about a horizontal axis. The intersection point of the two axes of rotation is designated center C10 of the laser scanner 10.
The measuring head 12 is further provided with a light emitter 17 for emitting an emission light beam 18. The emission light beam 18 is preferably a laser beam in the range of approx. 300 to 1600 nm wave length, for example 790 nm, 905 nm or less than 400 nm, on principle, also other electro-magnetic waves having, for example, a greater wave length can be used, however. The emission light beam 18 is amplitude-modulated, for example with a sinusoidal or with a rectangular-waveform modulation signal. The emission light beam 18 is emitted by the light emitter 17 onto the rotary mirror 16, where it is deflected and emitted to the environment. A reception light beam 20 which is reflected in the environment by an object O or scattered otherwise, is captured again by the rotary mirror 16, deflected and directed onto a light receiver 21. The direction of the emission light beam 18 and of the reception light beam 20 results from the angular positions of the rotary mirror 16 and the measuring head 12, which depend on the positions of their corresponding rotary drives which, in turn, are registered by one encoder each.
A control and evaluation unit 22 has a data connection to the light emitter 17 and to the light receiver 21 in measuring head 12, whereby parts of it can be arranged also outside the measuring head 12, for example a computer connected to the base 14. The control and evaluation unit 22 determines, for a multitude of measuring points X, the distance d between the laser scanner 10 and the (illuminated point at) object O, from the propagation time of emission light beam 18 and reception light beam 20. For this purpose, the phase shift between the two light beams 18 and 20 can, for example, be determined and evaluated.
Scanning takes place along a circle by means of the (quick) rotation of the rotary mirror 16. By virtue of the (slow) rotation of the measuring head 12 relative to the base 14, the whole space is scanned step by step, by means of the circles. The entity of measuring points X of such a measurement is designated scan. For such a scan, the center C10 of the laser scanner 10 defines the origin of the local stationary reference system. The base 14 rests in this local stationary reference system.
In addition to the distance d to the center C10 of the laser scanner 10, each measuring point X comprises a brightness information which is determined by the control and evaluation unit 22 as well. The brightness value is a gray-tone value which is determined, for example, by integration of the bandpass-filtered and amplified signal of the light receiver 21 over a measuring period which is attributed to the measuring point X. A color camera can optionally generate pictures, by means of which colors (R,G,B) can be assigned to the measuring points as values.
A display device 24 is connected to the control and evaluation unit 22. The display device 24 is integrated into the laser scanner 10, in the present case into the measuring head 12. The display device 24 shows a preview of the scan.
The laser scanner 10 has a carrying structure 30 which serves as „skeleton“ of the measuring head 12 and at which different components of the laser scanner 10 are fixed. In the present case, the metal carrying structure 30 is made of aluminum and in one piece. Above the base 14, the carrying structure 30 has a traverse 30a which is visible from outside and which, at both ends, carries two walls 30b, which are parallel to one another and project upwards from the traverse 30a. Two shells 32 are configured as a housing which is open to one side, preferably composed of plastic material. Each of the two shells 32 covers part of the components of the laser scanner 10 which are fixed to the carrying structure 30 and is assigned to one of the two walls 30b, to which it is fixed (sealed with a sealing). The walls 30b and the shells 32 thus serve as housing of the laser scanner 10.
On the outer side of each of the two shells 32 a – preferably metal – yoke 34 is arranged, which partially covers and thus protects the assigned shell 32. Each yoke 34 is fixed to the carrying structure 30, and more precisely on the bottom of the traverse 30a. In the present case, each yoke 34 is made of aluminum and screwed to the traverse 30a at the side of the base 14. Each yoke 34 extends from its fixing point at the bottom of the traverse 30a obliquely to the next outer corner of the assigned shell 32, from where it extends along the outer edge of shell 32 to the outer corner of shell 32 which is above, on the upper side of shell 32 obliquely up to the wall 30b, a short distance along it, and then mirror-symmetrically to the described course on the upper side of shell 32, obliquely to the other outer corner, along the outer edge of shell 32 to the outer corner of shell 32 which is below and obliquely to the other fastening point at the bottom side of traverse 30a.
The two yokes 34 together circumscribe a (convex) space, within which the two shells 32 are completely arranged, i.e. the two yokes 34 together project over all outer edges and outer surfaces of the shells 32. On top and on the bottom the oblique sections of the yokes 34 project over the top and/or bottom of the shells 32, on the four other sides, two sections each extending along an outer edge of the shells 32. The shells 32 are thus protected extensively. Although each of the yokes 34 primarily has a protective function, particularly with respect to impacts which might damage the shells 32 and the components of the laser scanner 10 which are arranged below, further functions can be integrated in one or both of the yokes 34, for example a gripping possibility for carrying the laser scanner 10 and/or an illumination.
Further details of the design of the laser scanner 10 are described for example in DE 10 2009 055 988 B3, the relevant disclosure of which is expressly incorporated herein.
Two different operating modes are provided for the laser scanner 10.
In a spherical mode, the base 14 is arranged in the environment in a stationary manner, the mirror 16 rotates about its horizontal axis, and the measuring head 12 rotates about its vertical axis. The two rotations define a sphere, by means of which the laser scanner 10 scans its environment (completely).
In a helical mode, the base 14 moves relative to its environment along a line, the mirror 16 rotates about its horizontal axis, and the measuring head 12 rests relative to the base 14. The rotation and the movement along the line define a helical, by means of which the laser scanner 10 scans its environment (partially). On principle, the line can have any shape. It will, however, usually consist of straight and/or slightly curved sections.
For the helical mode, the laser scanner 10 is mounted on a cart W, for example on a motor vehicle. A mounting device 40 is provided for this purpose, which is fixedly connected mechanically and electrically with both, the cart W and the laser scanner 10.
In the exemplary embodiment, the mounting device 40 has an approximately cylindrical basic body 40a, the diameter of which is slightly bigger than that of the base 14. Two pairs of fixing pins 40p (in the present case rotatable screws) protrude from the upper face of the basic body 40a of the mounting device 40, said fixing pins 40p, for interacting with suitable fixing holes 14p, are configured on the bottom side of the base 14. A pre-positioning by means of the fixing pins 40p would be subject to backlash. This is why, from the upper face of the mounting device 40, two further positioning pins 40f protrude, which, for interacting with suitable positioning holes 14f are configured on the underside of the base 14. Each of the positioning pins 40f is arranged between the two fixing pins 40p of a pair. When the fixing pins 40p enter the assigned fixing holes 14p, i.e. are screwed in, the positioning pins 40f enter the assigned positioning holes 14f. The positioning pins 40f are configured to be fixed (relative to the basic body 40a). At least one of the two positioning pins 40f preferably has a conical end, which, when entering the assigned positioning hole 14f, provides for an absence of backlash (and a force closure). In addition to the mechanical fixing elements, electricalal connecting elements are provided, in the present case on the upper face of the basic body 40a, an integrated contact bushing 40s with flat contacts and, suitable to it, on the bottom side of the base 14, an integrated contact plug 14s with spring pins.
On the circumferential surface of its basic body 40a, the mounting device 40 has at least two screw-in holes 40u (or alternatively other fixation means) for the mechanical connection with the cart W and at least one terminal for the electrical connection with the cart W. By means of the electrical connecting elements 14s, 40s and 40v both, data and energy, are transmitted. The assignments of male and female electrical connecting elements to the base 14 and to the mounting device 40 can also be exchanged. The same applies to the mechanical connecting elements 14f, 14p, 40f and 40p.
The mounting device 40 is connected mechanically by means of the above-described mechanical connecting elements 14f, 14p, 40f and 40p at the base 14 of the laser scanner 10 and connected electrically with the laser scanner 10 by means of the electrical connecting elements 14s and 40s. In the event of an agitated movement of the cart W during the helical mode, the measuring head 12with its inertia could stress with changing moments its pivot bearing in the base 14. According to the invention, the mounting device 40 therefore is not only fixedly connected with the base 14, but it is also locked with the measuring head 12. For this purpose, the mounting device 40 interacts with the yokes 34 – and consequently with the carrying structure 30.
The two yokes 34 have, in the immediate vicinity of their fixation to the carrying structure 30, i.e. in the present case the screw points at the traverse 30a, a first locking means 34k. The first two locking means 34k are thus fixed to the carrying structure 30. Each first locking means 34k is configured, in the present case, as a notch in the yoke 34 (with flanks which taper in a wedge-shaped manner), which opens radially outward with respect to the axis of rotation of the measuring head 12. The two first locking means 34k thereby open in opposite directions. The first locking means 34k can also be formed on the carrying structure 30 (i.e. configured in one piece with it) or be separate components, which are fixed to the yokes 34 or to other parts of the carrying structure 30.
The mounting device 40 has, on its basic body 40a and offset to each of the pairs of fixing pins 40p and positioning pins 40f, a pillow block 40i. The pillow blocks 40i are curved in an arc-shaped manner with an almost square cross section. The pillow blocks 40i which are preferably configured in one piece have, in their center, a central area, as well as, on the sides thereof, wing areas. The wing areas serve for fixing the corresponding pillow block 40i, more precisely for receiving fixing screws, and can be omitted if the pillow block 40i is fixed in another manner. The central area is elevated with respect to the wing areas, so that the wing areas of the pillow blocks 40i are spaced from the yokes 34, if the base 14 bears on the upper face of the basic body 40a. For a pre-positioning, however, the central area of each pillow block 40i can be dimensioned in such a way that it engages between the assigned yokes 34.
Each pillow block 40i pivotably mounts a second locking means 40k which, in the present case, is configured as a pin-shaped lock with a support which bears it. The second locking means 40k can pivot from a radial initial position with respect to the basic body 40a into an axial final position (and back). Preferably, a pre-bias of the second locking means 40k is provided in the initial position and in the final position, for example by means of a spring which has a dead point between initial position and final position. In a modified embodiment, a pre-bias is provided only for the final position. The second locking means 40k is preferably pivoted manually. Regarded from above, the positioning pins 40f and the second locking means 40k are arranged crosswise, i.e. the connection lines intersect, in the present case, at an angle of 90°. Alternative arrangements are possible, too, however. The at least one electrical connecting element 40v for the electrical connection with the cart W is located preferably adjacent to the second locking means 40k, in the present case below the central area of one of the pillow blocks 40i and consequently outside the space angle which is reached by the emission light beam 18.
To connect the mounting device 40 with the laser scanner 10, the latter is placed with its base 14 on the basic body 40a and positioned by means of the positioning pins 40f and the positioning holes 14f, without backlash in the final position. At the same time, the contact plug 14s is plugged into the contact bushing 40s. The fixing pins 40p then are moved, i.e. screwed into the fixing holes 14p, the base 14 thus being connected without backlash with the mounting device 40. Finally the second locking means 40k are pivoted into their final position. Shortly before reaching the final position, they approach from the radial direction the assigned first locking means 34k which are configured as notches and finally engage therein, if necessary by sliding along the flanks of the notches (said flanks being tapered in a wedge-shaped manner), until the measuring head 12 is locked without backlash with the mounting device 40.
A completely strain-free locking is preferably reached by the measuring head 12 being aligned as precisely as possible with respect to its angle position relative to the base 14 at the latest before the second locking means 40k are pivoted into their final position, so that, by means of the locking means 34k and 40k, only the backlash of the rotary drive of the measuring head 12 must be eliminated or reduced. Since the angle position of the measuring head 12 is registered by means of an encoder, a calibration of said encoder is extremely advantageous. Alternatively, a smoothly running idle movement of the rotary drive or a big backlash of the same can be provided, so that the locking means 34k and 40k themselves carry out the precise alignment of the measuring head 12.
List of Reference Numerals
10 laser scanner
12 measuring head
14 base
14f positioning hole
14p fixing hole
14s contact plug
16 mirror
17 light emitter
18 emission light beam
20 reception light beam
21 light receiver
22 control and evaluation unit
24 display device
30 carrying structure
30a traverse
30b wall
32 shell
34 yoke
34k first locking means
40 mounting device
40a basic body
40f positioning pin
40k second locking means
40i pillow block
40p fixing pin
40s contact bushing
40u screw-in hole
40v electrical connecting element
C10 center of the laser scanner
d distance
O object
W cart
X measuring point

Claims (10)

  1. Device for optically scanning and measuring an environment, said device being designed as a laser scanner (10), with a base (14), a measuring head (12) which is rotatable relative to the base (14), a mirror (16) which is rotatably relative to the measuring head (12), wherein, in at least one operating mode, the laser scanner (10) is mounted on a cart (W) by means of a mounting device (40), the cart (W) moves the base (14) which is fixedly connected with the mounting device (40), the measuring head (12) rests relative to the base (14), and the mirror (16) rotates, characterized in that, in said operating mode, the measuring head (12) is locked with the mounting device (40) by means of locking means (34k, 40k).
  2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that mechanical and optionally electrical connecting means (14f, 14p, 14s, 40f, 40p, 40s) are provided which interact between the base (14) and the mounting device (40).
  3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring head (12) has a carrying structure (30) and at least a first locking means (34k) which is fixed to the carrying structure (30).
  4. Device according to Claim 3, characterized in that, as part of a housing of the laser scanner (10), at least one shell (32) is provided on the measuring head (12), the outside of said shell being partly covered by at least one yoke (34) serving as protection and being fixed to the carrying structure (30).
  5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the first locking means (34k) is configured on the yoke (34), particularly as a notch which, with respect to the axis of rotation of the measuring head, points radially outwards.
  6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mounting device (40) supports at least a second locking means (40k).
  7. Device according to Claim 6, characterized in that the mounting device (40) has at least one pillow block (40i), which pivotably supports the second locking means (40k).
  8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mounting device (40) has a basic body (40a), on the face of which the base (14) bears with its bottom side and mechanical and electrical connecting means (40f, 40p, 40s) are arranged.
  9. Device according to Claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the pillow block (40i) is arranged on the upper face of the basic body (40a).
  10. Device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that a light emitter (17) emitting an emission light beam (18), which is deflected into the environment by the mirror (16) and a light receiver (21) which receives a reception light beam (20) which is reflected by an object (O) in the environment of the laser scanner (10) or scattered otherwise are provided in the measuring head (12), wherein a control and evaluation unit (22) determines, for a multitude of measuring points (X) each, at least the distance to the object (O).
PCT/EP2012/075178 2012-01-25 2012-12-12 Device for optically scanning and measuring an environment WO2013110402A1 (en)

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JP2014553647A JP6027141B2 (en) 2012-01-25 2012-12-12 Equipment for optical scanning and measurement of surroundings
US14/374,054 US9417056B2 (en) 2012-01-25 2012-12-12 Device for optically scanning and measuring an environment
GB1410276.8A GB2512515B (en) 2012-01-25 2012-12-12 Device for optically scanning and measuring an environment
CN201280048465.3A CN103857984B (en) 2012-01-25 2012-12-12 For environment being carried out the device of optical scanning and measurement

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DE102012100609A DE102012100609A1 (en) 2012-01-25 2012-01-25 Device for optically scanning and measuring an environment
DE102012100609.1 2012-01-25
US201261592024P 2012-01-30 2012-01-30
US61/592,024 2012-01-30

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JP (1) JP6027141B2 (en)
CN (1) CN103857984B (en)
DE (1) DE102012100609A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2512515B (en)
WO (1) WO2013110402A1 (en)

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GB201410276D0 (en) 2014-07-23
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CN103857984B (en) 2016-08-24

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