WO2013112098A1 - Detection of contaminated areas - Google Patents

Detection of contaminated areas Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013112098A1
WO2013112098A1 PCT/SE2013/050035 SE2013050035W WO2013112098A1 WO 2013112098 A1 WO2013112098 A1 WO 2013112098A1 SE 2013050035 W SE2013050035 W SE 2013050035W WO 2013112098 A1 WO2013112098 A1 WO 2013112098A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
marker
detection
present
contaminant
fluorescent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2013/050035
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Per Anders STJERN
Tobias HALTHUR
Original Assignee
Spårab Produkter Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Spårab Produkter Ab filed Critical Spårab Produkter Ab
Priority to KR1020147020561A priority Critical patent/KR20140119041A/en
Priority to JP2014554692A priority patent/JP2015509198A/en
Priority to CN201380004812.7A priority patent/CN104105958A/en
Priority to EP13741399.3A priority patent/EP2807468A4/en
Priority to BR112014018130A priority patent/BR112014018130A8/en
Priority to US14/373,619 priority patent/US9435748B2/en
Priority to CA2861083A priority patent/CA2861083A1/en
Publication of WO2013112098A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013112098A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/94—Investigating contamination, e.g. dust
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6447—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence by visual observation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/91—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination using penetration of dyes, e.g. fluorescent ink
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
    • G01N21/6456—Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
    • G01N2021/646—Detecting fluorescent inhomogeneities at a position, e.g. for detecting defects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
    • G03F1/68—Preparation processes not covered by groups G03F1/20 - G03F1/50
    • G03F1/82—Auxiliary processes, e.g. cleaning or inspecting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
    • G03F1/68—Preparation processes not covered by groups G03F1/20 - G03F1/50
    • G03F1/82—Auxiliary processes, e.g. cleaning or inspecting
    • G03F1/84—Inspecting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/70483—Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
    • G03F7/7055—Exposure light control in all parts of the microlithographic apparatus, e.g. pulse length control or light interruption
    • G03F7/70566—Polarisation control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/70691—Handling of masks or workpieces
    • G03F7/707—Chucks, e.g. chucking or un-chucking operations or structural details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/708—Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
    • G03F7/7085—Detection arrangement, e.g. detectors of apparatus alignment possibly mounted on wafers, exposure dose, photo-cleaning flux, stray light, thermal load
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/708—Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
    • G03F7/70908—Hygiene, e.g. preventing apparatus pollution, mitigating effect of pollution or removing pollutants from apparatus
    • G03F7/70916—Pollution mitigation, i.e. mitigating effect of contamination or debris, e.g. foil traps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the detection of contamination of a surface before the performance of a coating of the surface.
  • a method of detecting selected surface defects of a vehicle body comprising conveying a plurality of said vehicle bodies along a line of travel; irradiating sequential transverse sections of said vehicle bodies at selected angles with grid patterns of light; optically detecting reflective grid patterns of light from said transverse sections; processing data representing said reflective grid patterns, utilizing triangulation techniques and accounting for three-dimensional phase shifts, to generate composite detected data, comparing said composite data with selected reference data representing relevant defect surfaces of selected vehicles bodies and generating identification data representing coordinates of relevant defect surfaces of said vehicles bodies; and marking relevant defect surfaces on said vehicle bodies responsive to said coordinates of said identification data.
  • a surface inspection apparatus for inspecting e.g. the paint surface of a motor car
  • the apparatus comprising laser means providing a beam of radiation, scanning means for scanning the beam across the surface, retro-reflective material being provided to reflect radiation reflected from the surface back along the incident beam path, the apparatus including the retro-reflective material being mounted as a unit to be moved over the surface of the motor car by means of a robot.
  • Analysis of the light signal is said to indicate defects such as scratches, paint inclusions, orange peel, dry spray, dents and gloss defects.
  • manufacturing of a vehicle body comprising inter alia identifying a defective area of a surface by comparing a degree of surface distortion with a predetermined decision value, thereby determining whether said surface distortion is acceptable or not.
  • One aim of the present invention is to provide an improved method for detection of contamination on a surface, which method is very effective and still easy to use. Furthermore, the method according to the present invention is intended to effectively detect contaminants which are often found or used heavily today. Such examples are given below.
  • a method for the detection of contamination on a surface before performing a coating of the surface comprising bringing a marker into contact with the surface, wherein the marker has the ability of accumulating at a contaminated area on the surface, and detecting the marker on the surface, wherein the marker is non- polar or amphiphilic.
  • the marker has the ability of
  • accumulating at a contaminated area implies that the marker (or probe) associates to at least one contaminant present in the contaminated area.
  • a contaminated area is an area holding one or more substances (contaminants) of interest to detect.
  • contaminants may e.g. be different kinds of oily substances, such as for instance lubricating oils used in all industry that glues, agglutinates, joins or seals.
  • oily substances such as for instance lubricating oils used in all industry that glues, agglutinates, joins or seals.
  • dirt such as e.g. dust particles.
  • Further examples are Teflon- and silicone based products, white grease, oil-based products, lubricants and release agents (i.e.
  • US4858465 there is disclosed a method for detecting and visually locating surface contaminants on an object, the method comprising applying to the surface of an object having a contaminant thereon, an aqueous contaminant locating composition which detects and indicates the presence of a contaminant on the surface of an object; removing excess contaminant locating composition from the surface of the object; applying an aqueous contaminant-identifier fluorescent developer onto the surface at the indicated contaminant; transferring by migration dye molecules to and associating same with the contaminant causing the contaminant to fluoresce; removing excess developer from the surface of the object; and viewing the surface of the object under lighting conditions to visually locate said surface
  • the contaminant identifier composition consists essentially of a fluorescent dye and a suitable carrier.
  • the method according to the present invention may find use in many different technical applications, however it is specially related to varnishing applications, e.g. as a pre-treatment method before performing a painting/coating/varnishing, e.g. as a contaminant detection method performed before a car painting.
  • the method according to the present invention may be used as a method for determination of a clean surface suitable for a subsequent coating of said surface.
  • the method is intended for detection of contaminants, and hence also as a security method for determination of a clean surface suitable for a subsequent coating.
  • the expression "before performing a coating of the surface” should be interpreted as embodying all different kinds of possible coating techniques, such as painting, varnishing, and other kind of covering techniques, etc.
  • US6320654 there is disclosed a system for detecting selected surface defects of a vehicle body prior to painting, said system utilizing triangulation techniques and accounting for three-dimensional phase shifts to generate composite detected data, comparing such composite detected data with selected reference data to generate identification data representing coordinates of relevant defect surfaces, and marking relevant defect surfaces.
  • a marking means may said to be involved in the system according to US6320654, but this is related to marking a defect surface with a marker substance, such as a water soluble marker substance, and not as marker used for associating to a contaminated area on the surface, and which subsequently is detected, such as according to the present invention.
  • the marker is a silicone tracer.
  • silicone tracer Within the industry, there are very many articles being glued, joined together, painted or coated. If any silicone is contaminating a surface being intended for such use, no materials adhere properly to the surface.
  • One large problem with silicone is that this substance is not detectable without the use of special means. Furthermore, both washing methods and mechanical methods for removal of silicone as a contaminant are insufficient.
  • Silicone is used in large quantities in the car industry, and as such, the method according to the present invention finds specific use in such car applications.
  • the marker is fluorescent and the detection of the marker on the surface involves detection of fluorescence.
  • US2009/0223635 there is disclosed a method quantifying a surface's cleanliness relative to a contaminant.
  • the method is said to comprise the use a source of interrogating radiation to which the contaminant is responsive. Radiation emitted from the source is directed by a radiation means toward the surface or a surface cleaner that may hold the contaminant.
  • a detector detects radiation from the surface or the surface cleaner produced in response to the interrogating radiation by the contaminant, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent radiation, and generate a corresponding signal that is compared by an analyzer relative to an electronic standard that corresponds to the surface in an acceptably clean state so as to quantify the surface's cleanliness.
  • the method according to US2009/0223635 does not involve the use of a marker.
  • US2009/0223635 may comprise a last step involving placing the surface in a contaminant sensitive environment, suitably being an oxygen facility, e.g. allowing the surface to be placed in contact with a halogen, e.g. fluorine. It should be noted that this halogen does not function as a marker, especially not as a marker being subsequently detected for associating to a contaminant sensitive environment, suitably being an oxygen facility, e.g. allowing the surface to be placed in contact with a halogen, e.g. fluorine. It should be noted that this halogen does not function as a marker, especially not as a marker being subsequently detected for associating to a contaminant sensitive environment, suitably being an oxygen facility, e.g. allowing the surface to be placed in contact with a halogen, e.g. fluorine. It should be noted that this halogen does not function as a marker, especially not as a marker being subsequently detected for associating to a contamin
  • fluorescent materials are known for certain detection purposes today.
  • GB573183 relates to the detection of faults in the surface of an article.
  • the article is immersed in a fluorescent material, excess material is removed and the presence of fluorescence is thereafter used as a sign of faults, such as cracks, flaws, fissures, in the surface.
  • the fluorescent material is however not used in a method comprising the use as a marker which is intended to associate to contaminated surfaces, and further involving the detection of the marker.
  • the method involves the detection of fluorescence by applying ultraviolet light.
  • ultraviolet light may be used according to the present invention, however, also other detection means, such as other light sources, may be used depending on the marker solution used.
  • the method according to the present invention also embodies detecting the association of the marker to the contaminant(s) of the surface without the use of such light sources.
  • markers may be used according to the present invention.
  • the concentration thereof, detection means etc. may vary.
  • the marker is non-polar or amphiphilic, where amphiphilic substances are such being composed of hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. Hydrophobic or amphiphilic markers are enriched in oil stains and as such give an increased intensity in these oil areas. As such, they may be very interesting to use as markers according to the present invention.
  • the association between the marker/probe and the contaminant(s) is according to the present invention driven by a hydrophobic interaction between the marker and the contaminant(s). This interaction is not a chemical binding as such.
  • markers according to the present invention are amphiphilic rhodamine or fluorescein derivatives, such as Octadecyl Rhodamine B or amphiphilic fluoresceins, or DPH (diphenylhexa- triene) and DPH derivatives, e.g. TMA-DPH, non-polar BODIPY, like BODIPY Fluorophores or BODIPY FL Cs-Ceramide, non-polar pyrene markers and bimane markers, e.g.
  • markers associate to hydrophobic materials, such as cell membranes, and should also function for oil, e.g. lubricating oils. As such, they may be very relevant according to the present invention. It should be mentioned that also other marker groups may be possible to use, such as e.g. fatty acid analogues and for instance phospholipids. Also others are possible according to the present invention.
  • the marker is environmental sensitive and changes the frequency on emitted light depending on the polarity of the surrounding medium. This implies that the colour changes depending on if the surrounding medium is water or oil. In this case you may add the effect of a colour change to the increased intensity described above.
  • the marker is fluorescent and is Nile blue or Nile red, or a combination thereof.
  • Nile blue (or Nile blue A) and Nile red (also known as Nile blue oxazone) are lipophilic stains used in the biology and histology. Both Nile blue and Nile red are environmental sensitive and apart from a colour shift depending on the polarity of the environment the fluorescent intensity is also greatly increased when transferred from a water environment to a non-polar medium.
  • Nile red may be produced by boiling a solution of Nile blue with sulphuric acid. Both are used in conjunction with fluorescence microscopy.
  • both of the markers are possible to use and function well, however Nile blue may be preferred as Nile red is more expensive than Nile blue. The choice between these markers depends on the application. It may be mentioned that Nile red functions at lower
  • Nile blue concentrations than Nile blue for many applications, but as Nile red is more expensive, Nile blue is still often a better economical choice.

Abstract

The present invention describes a method for the detection of contamination on a surface before performing a coating of the surface, said method comprising bringing a marker into contact with the surface, wherein the marker has the ability of accumulating at a contaminated area on the surface, and detecting the marker on the surface, wherein the marker is non- polar or amphiphilic.

Description

DETECTION OF CONTAMINATED AREAS
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to a method for the detection of contamination of a surface before the performance of a coating of the surface. Technical Background
There are methods today which are directed to detecting dirt on surfaces or quantifying the contamination degree on such surfaces. For instance in US5828460 there is disclosed a method for inspection of metallic surfaces before subsequent treatment thereof, such as painting. Several light sources are said to illuminate the inspected surface with light beams having different wave lengths, reflected radiation is detected and converted to electrical signals, the electrical signals are processed digitally, and the results of processing are displayed. Furthermore, methods like the one disclosed above are known to be used in e.g. the vehicle industry. In US6320654 there is e.g. disclosed a method of detecting selected surface defects of a vehicle body, the method comprising conveying a plurality of said vehicle bodies along a line of travel; irradiating sequential transverse sections of said vehicle bodies at selected angles with grid patterns of light; optically detecting reflective grid patterns of light from said transverse sections; processing data representing said reflective grid patterns, utilizing triangulation techniques and accounting for three-dimensional phase shifts, to generate composite detected data, comparing said composite data with selected reference data representing relevant defect surfaces of selected vehicles bodies and generating identification data representing coordinates of relevant defect surfaces of said vehicles bodies; and marking relevant defect surfaces on said vehicle bodies responsive to said coordinates of said identification data.
Likewise, in WO87/00629 there is disclosed a surface inspection apparatus for inspecting e.g. the paint surface of a motor car, the apparatus comprising laser means providing a beam of radiation, scanning means for scanning the beam across the surface, retro-reflective material being provided to reflect radiation reflected from the surface back along the incident beam path, the apparatus including the retro-reflective material being mounted as a unit to be moved over the surface of the motor car by means of a robot. Analysis of the light signal is said to indicate defects such as scratches, paint inclusions, orange peel, dry spray, dents and gloss defects.
Furthermore, in US5844801 there is disclosed a method of
manufacturing of a vehicle body, the method comprising inter alia identifying a defective area of a surface by comparing a degree of surface distortion with a predetermined decision value, thereby determining whether said surface distortion is acceptable or not.
One aim of the present invention is to provide an improved method for detection of contamination on a surface, which method is very effective and still easy to use. Furthermore, the method according to the present invention is intended to effectively detect contaminants which are often found or used heavily today. Such examples are given below.
Summary of the invention
The stated purpose above is achieved by a method for the detection of contamination on a surface before performing a coating of the surface, said method comprising bringing a marker into contact with the surface, wherein the marker has the ability of accumulating at a contaminated area on the surface, and detecting the marker on the surface, wherein the marker is non- polar or amphiphilic. The expression "the marker has the ability of
accumulating at a contaminated area" implies that the marker (or probe) associates to at least one contaminant present in the contaminated area.
A contaminated area is an area holding one or more substances (contaminants) of interest to detect. Such contaminants may e.g. be different kinds of oily substances, such as for instance lubricating oils used in all industry that glues, agglutinates, joins or seals. One example of such industry is the car industry. Other examples are different kinds of dirt, such as e.g. dust particles. Further examples are Teflon- and silicone based products, white grease, oil-based products, lubricants and release agents (i.e.
chemicals that prevents penetration without mechanical influence) of all sorts.
In US4858465 there is disclosed a method for detecting and visually locating surface contaminants on an object, the method comprising applying to the surface of an object having a contaminant thereon, an aqueous contaminant locating composition which detects and indicates the presence of a contaminant on the surface of an object; removing excess contaminant locating composition from the surface of the object; applying an aqueous contaminant-identifier fluorescent developer onto the surface at the indicated contaminant; transferring by migration dye molecules to and associating same with the contaminant causing the contaminant to fluoresce; removing excess developer from the surface of the object; and viewing the surface of the object under lighting conditions to visually locate said surface
contaminant. The contaminant identifier composition consists essentially of a fluorescent dye and a suitable carrier.
In US4858465 it is mentioned that contaminants if not detected and removed can prevent the penetrant inspection process from wetting the surfaces of parts and assemblies being inspected for defects such as cracks, and also prevent the paint and bonding processes from being effectively applied. It should, however, be said that the method according to US4858465 is direct to a detection method and not a coating procedure having an incorporated detection procedure. Moreover, when compared to the present invention, the method according to US4858465 involves the use of an aqueous contaminant locating composition, and not a marker being non-polar or amphiphilic, such as according to the present invention. Furthermore, the method according to US4858465 involves several steps which are not necessary or intended according to the present method.
It should be noted that the method according to the present invention may find use in many different technical applications, however it is specially related to varnishing applications, e.g. as a pre-treatment method before performing a painting/coating/varnishing, e.g. as a contaminant detection method performed before a car painting. Moreover, it should be understood that the method according to the present invention may be used as a method for determination of a clean surface suitable for a subsequent coating of said surface. The method is intended for detection of contaminants, and hence also as a security method for determination of a clean surface suitable for a subsequent coating. Furthermore, the expression "before performing a coating of the surface" should be interpreted as embodying all different kinds of possible coating techniques, such as painting, varnishing, and other kind of covering techniques, etc.
There are detecting methods used today in the car/vehicle industry. For instance in US6320654 there is disclosed a system for detecting selected surface defects of a vehicle body prior to painting, said system utilizing triangulation techniques and accounting for three-dimensional phase shifts to generate composite detected data, comparing such composite detected data with selected reference data to generate identification data representing coordinates of relevant defect surfaces, and marking relevant defect surfaces. It should be noted that a marking means may said to be involved in the system according to US6320654, but this is related to marking a defect surface with a marker substance, such as a water soluble marker substance, and not as marker used for associating to a contaminated area on the surface, and which subsequently is detected, such as according to the present invention.
Specific embodiments of the invention
Specific embodiments of the present invention are disclosed below. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the marker is a silicone tracer. Within the industry, there are very many articles being glued, joined together, painted or coated. If any silicone is contaminating a surface being intended for such use, no materials adhere properly to the surface. One large problem with silicone is that this substance is not detectable without the use of special means. Furthermore, both washing methods and mechanical methods for removal of silicone as a contaminant are insufficient.
Silicone is used in large quantities in the car industry, and as such, the method according to the present invention finds specific use in such car applications.
According to one specific embodiment of the present invention, the marker is fluorescent and the detection of the marker on the surface involves detection of fluorescence.
It should be noted that the use of fluorescence for detection reasons are known today. For instance in US2009/0223635 there is disclosed a method quantifying a surface's cleanliness relative to a contaminant. The method is said to comprise the use a source of interrogating radiation to which the contaminant is responsive. Radiation emitted from the source is directed by a radiation means toward the surface or a surface cleaner that may hold the contaminant. A detector detects radiation from the surface or the surface cleaner produced in response to the interrogating radiation by the contaminant, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent radiation, and generate a corresponding signal that is compared by an analyzer relative to an electronic standard that corresponds to the surface in an acceptably clean state so as to quantify the surface's cleanliness. The method according to US2009/0223635 does not involve the use of a marker. The method according to
US2009/0223635 may comprise a last step involving placing the surface in a contaminant sensitive environment, suitably being an oxygen facility, e.g. allowing the surface to be placed in contact with a halogen, e.g. fluorine. It should be noted that this halogen does not function as a marker, especially not as a marker being subsequently detected for associating to a
contaminated surface.
It should further be noted that fluorescent materials are known for certain detection purposes today. For instance, GB573183 relates to the detection of faults in the surface of an article. The article is immersed in a fluorescent material, excess material is removed and the presence of fluorescence is thereafter used as a sign of faults, such as cracks, flaws, fissures, in the surface. The fluorescent material is however not used in a method comprising the use as a marker which is intended to associate to contaminated surfaces, and further involving the detection of the marker.
According to one specific embodiment of the present invention, the method involves the detection of fluorescence by applying ultraviolet light. In this sense it should be noted that different markers are possible to use according to the present invention, and they may interact differently with light. Many of the possible markers are excited by UV light, however some are excited also by visible light. Therefore, UV light may be used according to the present invention, however, also other detection means, such as other light sources, may be used depending on the marker solution used. It should be noted that the method according to the present invention also embodies detecting the association of the marker to the contaminant(s) of the surface without the use of such light sources.
Furthermore, as mentioned above, different markers may be used according to the present invention. Depending on the marker used, the concentration thereof, detection means etc. may vary. According to one specific embodiment of the present invention, the marker is non-polar or amphiphilic, where amphiphilic substances are such being composed of hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. Hydrophobic or amphiphilic markers are enriched in oil stains and as such give an increased intensity in these oil areas. As such, they may be very interesting to use as markers according to the present invention. The association between the marker/probe and the contaminant(s) is according to the present invention driven by a hydrophobic interaction between the marker and the contaminant(s). This interaction is not a chemical binding as such.
Examples of interesting groups of markers according to the present invention are amphiphilic rhodamine or fluorescein derivatives, such as Octadecyl Rhodamine B or amphiphilic fluoresceins, or DPH (diphenylhexa- triene) and DPH derivatives, e.g. TMA-DPH, non-polar BODIPY, like BODIPY Fluorophores or BODIPY FL Cs-Ceramide, non-polar pyrene markers and bimane markers, e.g. bimane azide, Lipidtox™ neutral lipid stains, 6 - propionyi - 2 - dimethylaminonaphthalene (Prodan) and Laurdan, dapoxyl derivatives, anilinonaphtalenesulfonate and derivatives thereof. These groups of markers associate to hydrophobic materials, such as cell membranes, and should also function for oil, e.g. lubricating oils. As such, they may be very relevant according to the present invention. It should be mentioned that also other marker groups may be possible to use, such as e.g. fatty acid analogues and for instance phospholipids. Also others are possible according to the present invention.
According to yet another specific embodiment of the present invention, the marker is environmental sensitive and changes the frequency on emitted light depending on the polarity of the surrounding medium. This implies that the colour changes depending on if the surrounding medium is water or oil. In this case you may add the effect of a colour change to the increased intensity described above.
According to yet another specific embodiment of the present invention, the marker is fluorescent and is Nile blue or Nile red, or a combination thereof. Nile blue (or Nile blue A) and Nile red (also known as Nile blue oxazone) are lipophilic stains used in the biology and histology. Both Nile blue and Nile red are environmental sensitive and apart from a colour shift depending on the polarity of the environment the fluorescent intensity is also greatly increased when transferred from a water environment to a non-polar medium. Nile red may be produced by boiling a solution of Nile blue with sulphuric acid. Both are used in conjunction with fluorescence microscopy. According to the present invention, both of the markers are possible to use and function well, however Nile blue may be preferred as Nile red is more expensive than Nile blue. The choice between these markers depends on the application. It may be mentioned that Nile red functions at lower
concentrations than Nile blue for many applications, but as Nile red is more expensive, Nile blue is still often a better economical choice.

Claims

Claims
1 . Method for the detection of contamination on a surface before performing a coating of the surface, said method comprising bringing a marker into contact with the surface, wherein the marker has the ability of accumulating at a contaminated area on the surface, and detecting the marker on the surface, wherein the marker is non-polar or amphiphilic.
2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the marker is a silicone tracer.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the marker is fluorescent and the detection of the marker on the surface involves detection of fluorescence.
4. Method according to claim 3, wherein the detection of fluorescence is performed by applying ultraviolet light.
5. Method according to any of claims 1 -4, wherein the marker is
environmental sensitive and changes the frequency on emitted light depending on the polarity of the surrounding medium.
6. Method according to any of claims 1 -5, wherein the marker is fluorescent and is Nile blue or Nile red, or a combination thereof.
PCT/SE2013/050035 2012-01-27 2013-01-21 Detection of contaminated areas WO2013112098A1 (en)

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KR1020147020561A KR20140119041A (en) 2012-01-27 2013-01-21 Detection of contaminated areas
JP2014554692A JP2015509198A (en) 2012-01-27 2013-01-21 Detection of contaminated areas
CN201380004812.7A CN104105958A (en) 2012-01-27 2013-01-21 Detection of contaminated areas
EP13741399.3A EP2807468A4 (en) 2012-01-27 2013-01-21 Detection of contaminated areas
BR112014018130A BR112014018130A8 (en) 2012-01-27 2013-01-21 METHOD FOR DETECTING CONTAMINATION ON A SURFACE BEFORE COATING THE SURFACE
US14/373,619 US9435748B2 (en) 2012-01-27 2013-01-21 Detection of contaminated areas
CA2861083A CA2861083A1 (en) 2012-01-27 2013-01-21 Detection of contaminated areas

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KR20140119041A (en) 2014-10-08
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US20140361195A1 (en) 2014-12-11
BR112014018130A8 (en) 2017-07-11
CN104105958A (en) 2014-10-15
EP2807468A4 (en) 2015-10-21
SE1250056A1 (en) 2013-07-28
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JP2015509198A (en) 2015-03-26
BR112014018130A2 (en) 2017-06-20

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