WO2013177446A1 - Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same - Google Patents
Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013177446A1 WO2013177446A1 PCT/US2013/042502 US2013042502W WO2013177446A1 WO 2013177446 A1 WO2013177446 A1 WO 2013177446A1 US 2013042502 W US2013042502 W US 2013042502W WO 2013177446 A1 WO2013177446 A1 WO 2013177446A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- shaped abrasive
- batch
- abrasive particle
- shaping assembly
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/14—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/20—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by expressing the material, e.g. through sieves and fragmenting the extruded length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/22—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by pressing in moulds or between rollers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/624—Sol-gel processing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1409—Abrasive particles per se
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1409—Abrasive particles per se
- C09K3/1427—Abrasive particles per se obtained by division of a mass agglomerated by melting, at least partially, e.g. with a binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
- C04B2235/6021—Extrusion moulding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
Definitions
- the following is directed to shaped abrasive particles, and more particularly, to a process of forming shaped abrasive particles and the resulting particles.
- Abrasive articles incorporating abrasive particles are useful for various material removal operations including grinding, finishing, polishing, and the like. Depending upon the type of abrasive material, such abrasive particles can be useful in shaping or grinding various materials in the manufacturing of goods. Certain types of abrasive particles have been formulated to date that have particular geometries, such as triangular shaped abrasive particles and abrasive articles incorporating such objects. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,201,916; 5,366,523; and 5,984,988.
- abrasive particles having a specified shape
- abrasive particles can be shaped by a chill roll, the face of which may or may not be engraved, a mold into which molten material is poured, or a heat sink material immersed in an aluminum oxide melt. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,377,660.
- abrasive particles can be formed from refractory powders having a particle size of up to 10 micrometers in diameter.
- Binders can be added to the powders along with a lubricant and a suitable solvent to form a mixture that can be shaped into platelets or rods of various lengths and diameters. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,079,242.
- Chemical ceramic technology involves converting a colloidal dispersion or hydrosol (sometimes called a sol) to a gel or any other physical state that restrains the mobility of the components, drying, and firing to obtain a ceramic material. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,744,802 and 4,848,041.
- Rudimentary molding processes have been disclosed as potentially useful in forming limited shaped abrasive particles, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,201,916, 5,366,523, 5,584,896, and U.S. Pat. Pubis. 2010/0151195, 2010/0151195.
- Other processes of forming shaped abrasive particles have been disclosed, see for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,054,093, 6,228,134, 5,009,676, 5,090,968, and 5,409,645.
- the industry continues to demand improved abrasive materials and abrasive articles.
- a method includes applying a mixture into a shaping assembly within an application zone, and directing an ejection material at the mixture in the shaping assembly under a predetermined force, removing the mixture from the shaping assembly and forming a precursor shaped abrasive particle.
- a method includes forming a precursor shaped abrasive particle in less than about 18 minutes, wherein forming includes applying a mixture into a shaping assembly within an application zone and removing the mixture from the shaping assembly to form a precursor shaped abrasive particle.
- a method includes extruding a mixture having a viscosity of at least about 4xl0 3 Pa s into an opening in a shaping assembly within an application zone and removing the mixture from the opening by applying an external force to the mixture to form a precursor shaped abrasive particle.
- a system for forming shaped abrasive particles includes an application zone comprising a shaping assembly, a first portion having an opening and configured to be filled with a mixture, a second portion abutting the first portion, and an ejection zone comprising an ejection assembly configured to direct an ejection material toward the opening in the first portion of the shaping assembly.
- a system for forming precursor shaped abrasive particles can have a batch productivity of at least about 0.1 kg/min/m2 shaping surface.
- a batch of shaped abrasive particles can include a first portion comprising a shaped abrasive particle having tortuous contour.
- a shaped abrasive particle includes a body having a tortuous contour.
- a shaped abrasive particle has a body including an arrowhead shape.
- FIG. 1 includes a schematic of a system for forming a shaped abrasive particle in accordance with an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 includes an illustration of a portion of the system of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment.
- FIGs. 3A-3C include perspective view illustrations of shaped abrasive particles in accordance with an embodiment.
- FIG. 4 includes a coated abrasive including shaped abrasive particles according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 5 includes a bonded abrasive including shaped abrasive particles according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 6 includes a side view image of a shaped abrasive particle according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 7 includes a side view image of a shaped abrasive particle according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 8 includes an illustration of a side view of a shaped abrasive particle having flashing in accordance with an embodiment.
- FIG. 9 includes a perspective view image of a shaped abrasive particle according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 10 includes a top view image of a shaped abrasive particle according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 11 A includes side view images of shaped abrasive particles formed according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 1 IB includes a top view image of a plurality of shaped abrasive particles formed according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 12 includes a plot of specific grinding energy versus cumulative material removed for a conventional sample and a sample representative of an embodiment.
- FIG. 13 includes a top view image of a plurality of shaped abrasive particles formed according to an embodiment.
- the systems and methods herein may be utilized in forming shaped abrasive particles.
- the shaped abrasive particles may be utilized in various applications, including for example coated abrasives, bonded abrasives, free abrasives, and a combination thereof.
- Various other uses may be derived for the shaped abrasive particles.
- FIG. 1 includes an illustration of a system for forming a shaped abrasive particle in accordance with an embodiment.
- the system 100 can further include a die 103 configured to facilitate delivery of a mixture 101 contained within a reservoir 102 of the die 103 to a shaping assembly 151.
- the process of forming a shaped abrasive particle can be initiated by forming a mixture 101 including a ceramic material and a liquid.
- the mixture 101 can be a gel formed of a ceramic powder material and a liquid, wherein the gel can be characterized as a shape-stable material having the ability to hold a given shape even in the green state (i.e., unfired or undried gel).
- the gel can be formed of the ceramic powder material as an integrated network of discrete particles.
- the mixture 101 can be formed to have a particular content of solid material, such as the ceramic powder material.
- the mixture 101 can have a high solids content, including for example, a solids content of at least about 25 wt%, such as at least about 35 wt%, at least about 42 wt%, at least about 44 wt%, at least about 46 wt%, at least about 48 wt%, at least about 50 wt%, or even at least about 51 wt% for the total weight of the mixture 101.
- the solid content of the mixture 101 can be not greater than about 80 wt%, not greater than about 75 wt%, such as not greater than about 70 wt%, not greater than about 65 wt%, not greater than about 60 wt%, not greater than about 58 wt%, not greater than about 56 wt%, or even not greater than about 54 wt%. It will be appreciated that the content of the solids materials in the mixture 101 can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum percentages noted above.
- the ceramic powder material can include an oxide, a nitride, a carbide, a boride, an oxycarbide, an oxynitride, and a combination thereof.
- a precursor can be a material, which may or may not be in a powder form that is configured to change at least a portion of its composition or physical properties during processing to form a ceramic material.
- the ceramic material can include alumina. More specifically, the ceramic material may include a boehmite material, which may be a precursor of alpha alumina.
- boehmite is generally used to denote alumina hydrates including mineral boehmite, typically being A1203*H20 and having a water content on the order of 15%, as well as pseudoboehmite, having a water content higher than 15%, such as 20-38% by weight. It is noted that boehmite (including pseudoboehmite) has a particular and identifiable crystal structure, and accordingly unique X-ray diffraction pattern, and as such, is distinguished from other aluminous materials including other hydrated aluminas such as ATH (aluminum trihydroxide) a common precursor material used herein for the fabrication of boehmite particulate materials.
- ATH aluminum trihydroxide
- the mixture 101 can be formed to have a particular content of liquid material.
- suitable liquids may include inorganic materials, such as water or various organic media such as alcohols and the like.
- the mixture 101 can be formed to have a liquid content less than the solids content of the mixture 101.
- the mixture 101 can have a liquid content of at least about 20 wt%, such as at least about 25 wt% for the total weight of the mixture 101.
- the amount of liquid within the mixture 101 can be greater, such as at least about 35 wt%, at least about 40 wt%, at least about 42 wt%, or even at least about 44 wt%.
- the liquid content of the mixture can be not greater than about 80 wt%, such as not greater than about 65 wt%, not greater than about 60 wt%, not greater than about 55 wt%, not greater than about 52 wt%, not greater than about 49 wt%. It will be appreciated that the content of the liquid in the mixture 101 can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum percentages noted above.
- the mixture 101 can have a particular storage modulus.
- the mixture 101 can have a storage modulus of at least about lxlO 4 Pa, such as at least about 4xl0 4 Pa, such as at least about 4.4xl0 4 Pa, at least about 5xl0 4 Pa, at least about 6xl0 4 Pa, at least about 8xl0 4 Pa, at least about lOxlO 4 Pa, at least about 15xl0 4 Pa, at least about 20xl0 4 Pa, at least about 30xl0 4 Pa, or even at least about 40xl0 4 Pa.
- the mixture 101 may have a storage modulus of not greater than about 80x10 4 Pa, not greater than about 70x10 4 Pa, not greater than about 65x10 4 Pa, or even not greater than about 60xl0 4 Pa. It will be appreciated that the storage modulus of the mixture 101 can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above.
- the storage modulus can be measured via a parallel plate system using ARES or AR-G2 rotational rheo meters, with Peltier plate temperature control systems.
- the mixture 101 can be extruded within a gap between two plates that are set to be approximately 8 mm apart from each other.
- the test is an oscillation strain sweep test conducted with instrument settings of a strain range between 0.01% to 100%, at 6.28 rad/s (1 Hz), using 25-mm parallel plate and recording 10 points per decade. Within 1 hour after the test completes, lower the gap again by 0.1 mm and repeat the test. The test can be repeated at least 6 times.
- the first test may differ from the second and third tests. Only the results from the second and third tests for each specimen should be reported.
- the mixture 101 can have a particular viscosity.
- the mixture 101 can have a viscosity of at least about 4xl0 3 Pa s, at least about 5xl0 3 Pa s, at least about 6xl0 3 Pa s, at least about 8xl0 3 Pa s, at least about lOxlO 3 Pa s, at least about 20xl0 3 Pa s, at least about 30xl0 3 Pa s, at least about 40xl0 3 Pa s, at least about 50xl0 3 Pa s, at least about 60xl0 3 Pa s, at least about 65xl0 3 Pa s.
- the mixture 101 may have a viscosity of not greater than about lOOxlO 3 Pa s, not greater than about 95xl0 3 Pa s, not greater than about 90xl0 3 Pa s, or even not greater than about 85xl0 3 Pa s. It will be appreciated that the viscosity of the mixture 101 can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above. The viscosity can be measured in the same manner as the storage modulus as described above.
- the mixture 101 can have a particular yield stress.
- the mixture 101 can have a yield stress of at least about 1.5xl0 3 Pa, at least about 4xl0 3 Pa at least about 5xl0 3 Pa, at least about 6xl0 3 Pa, at least about 8xl0 3 Pa, at least about lOxlO 3 Pa, at least about 12xl0 3 Pa s, at least about 20xl0 3 Pa s, at least about 30xl0 3 Pa, at least about 40xl0 3 Pa, or even at least about 65xl0 3 Pa.
- the mixture 101 may have a yield stress of not greater than about lOOxlO 3 Pa, not greater than about 80x10 3 Pa, not greater than about 60x10 3 Pa, or even not greater than about 50xl0 3 Pa. It will be appreciated that the yield stress of the mixture 101 can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above. The yield stress can be measured in the same manner as the storage modulus as described above.
- the rheological characteristics of the mixture 101 can be distinct from conventional mixtures and gels, such as those described in certain references.
- the mixture 101 can be formed to have a particular relationship between one or more rheological characteristics (e.g., viscosity, yield stress, storage modulus, etc.) to facilitate forming.
- the gel may be significantly more "stiff, having a shear thinning characteristic, which may be entirely distinct from mixtures used in other forming methods.
- the mixture 101 can be formed to have a particular content of organic materials, including for example, organic additives that can be distinct from the liquid, to facilitate processing and formation of shaped abrasive particles according to the embodiments herein.
- organic additives can include stabilizers, binders, such as fructose, sucrose, lactose, glucose, UV curable resins, and the like. It will be appreciated that the total content of all materials in the mixture (e.g., ceramic powder material, water, additives, etc.) add up to and do not exceed 100%.
- the embodiments herein may utilize a mixture 101 that can be distinct from certain types of slurries.
- the content of organic materials within the mixture 101 particularly, any of the organic additives noted above may be a minor amount as compared to other components within the mixture 101.
- the mixture 101 can be formed to have not greater than about 30 wt% organic material for the total weight of the mixture 101.
- the amount of organic materials may be less, such as not greater than about 15 wt%, not greater than about 10 wt%, or even not greater than about 5 wt%.
- the amount of organic materials within the mixture 101 can be at least about 0.5 wt% for the total weight of the mixture 101. It will be appreciated that the amount of organic materials in the mixture 101 can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above.
- the mixture 101 may be essentially free of organic material.
- the mixture 101 can be formed to have a particular content of acid or base distinct from the liquid, to facilitate processing and formation of shaped abrasive particles according to the embodiments herein.
- suitable acids or bases can include nitric acid, sulfuric acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, ammonium nitrate, and/or ammonium citrate.
- the mixture 101 can have a pH of less than about 5, and more particularly, within a range between at least about 2 and not greater than about 4, using a nitric acid additive.
- the rheology of the acidic gel can be further modified by converting the acidic gel to a basic gel through the use of bases such as ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, organics amines such as
- the mixture 101 can be provided within the interior of the die 103 and configured to be extruded through a die opening 105 positioned at one end of the die 103.
- extruding can include applying a force 180 (or a pressure) on the mixture 101 to facilitate extruding the mixture 101 through the die opening 105.
- a particular pressure may be utilized during extrusion.
- the pressure can be at least about 10 kPa, such as at least about 500 kPa, at least about 1,000 kPa, at least about 2,000 kPa, or even at least about 3,000 kPa.
- the pressure utilized during extrusion can be not greater than about 10,000 kPa, such as not greater than about 8,000 kPa, or even not greater than about 6,000 kPa. It will be appreciated that the pressure used to extrude the mixture 101 can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above. Moreover, in certain instances, the die opening can have an area of approximately 3000 to 4000 square millimeters.
- the mixture 101 can have a coil value of at least about 1800 N.
- the coil value can be measured on an instrument called a Shimpo compression tester manufactured by Shimpo Instruments, Itasca Illinois, using a sample of mixture ranging from 30-60 grams in mass, which is manually pressed into a plastic/stainless steel cylinder of 2" in diameter.
- a plastic insert with a cylindrical hole establishes the compressed extrudate size of generally 2 mm in diameter.
- a plunger slides into the cylinder and when the test is started, the plunger will extrude the gel once the threshold coil force is reached.
- the Shimpo compression tester moves a force probe down towards the plunger at a constant rate of 95-97 mm/min.
- the threshold coil force is reached, the gel is extruded out of the insert hole and an output meter generates a peak force, which is the coli value.
- the coil value can be at least about 1900 N, such as at least about 2000 N, at least about 2100 N, at least about 2200 N, or even at least about 2300 N.
- the coil value can be not greater than about 8000 N, such as not greater than about 6000 N, or even not greater than about 5000 N.
- coil values utilized for mixtures and gels used in conventional screen printing and molding processes are less than about 1700 N, and more typically around 1000 N.
- certain mixtures according to the embodiments herein can be significantly more flow resistant compared to conventional mixtures.
- the system 100 can include a shaping assembly 151.
- the shaping assembly can include a first portion 152 and a second portion 153.
- the first portion 152 can be adjacent to the second portion 153.
- the first portion 152 can be abutting a surface 157 of the second portion 153.
- the system 100 can be designed such that a portion of the shaping assembly 151, such as the first portion 152, may be translated between rollers.
- the first portion 152 may be operated in a loop such that the forming process can be conducted continuously.
- the system 100 can include an application zone 183, including the die opening 105 of the die 103.
- the process can further include applying the mixture 101 into at least a portion of the shaping assembly 151.
- the process of applying the mixture 101 can include depositing the mixture 101 via a process, such as, extrusion, molding, casting, printing, spraying, and a combination thereof.
- the mixture 101 may be extruded in a direction 188 through the die opening 105 and into at least a portion of the shaping assembly 151.
- a least a portion of the shaping assembly 151 can include at least one opening 154.
- the shaping assembly 151 can include a first portion 152 having an opening 154 configured to receive the mixture 101 from the die 103.
- the shaping assembly 151 can include at least one opening 154 that can be defined by a surface or multiple surfaces, including for example, at least three surfaces.
- the opening 154 can extend through an entire thickness of the first portion 152 of the shaping assembly 151.
- the opening 154 can extend through an entire thickness of the shaping assembly 151.
- the opening 154 can extend through a portion of the entire thickness of the shaping assembly 151.
- the first portion 152 can include an opening 154, and more particularly, a plurality of openings 154.
- the openings 154 can extend into the volume of the first portion 152, and more particularly, extend through the entire thickness of the first portion 152 as perforations.
- the first portion 152 of the shaping assembly 151 can include a plurality of openings 154 displaced from each other along a length of the first portion 152.
- the first portion 152 may be translated in a direction 186 through the application zone 183 at a particular angle relative to the direction of extrusion 188.
- the angle between the directions of translation 186 of the first portion 152 and the direction of extrusion 188 can be substantially orthogonal (i.e., substantially 90°). However, in other embodiments, the angle may be different, such as acute, or alternatively, obtuse.
- the shaping assembly 151 can include a first portion 152 that may be in the form of a screen, which may be in the form of a perforated sheet.
- the screen configuration of the first portion 152 may be defined by a length of material having a plurality of openings 154 extending along its length and configured to accept the mixture 101 as it is deposited from the die 103.
- the first portion can be in the form of a continuous belt that is moved over rollers for continuous processing.
- the belt can be formed to have a length suitable for continuous processing, including for example, at length of at least about 0.1 m, such as at least about 0.5 m.
- the length of the belt may not need to be particularly long to facilitate efficient and productive processing.
- the belt may be less than about 10 m, not greater than about 8 m, not greater than about 5 m, not greater than about 3 m, not greater than about 2 m, or even not greater than about 1 m.
- the openings 154 can have a two-dimensional shape as viewed in a plane defined by the length (1) and width (w) of the screen. While the openings 154 are illustrated as having a triangular two-dimensional shape, other shapes are contemplated. For example, the openings 154 can have a two-dimensional shape such as polygons, ellipsoids, numerals, Greek alphabet letters, Latin alphabet letters, Russian alphabet characters, Arabic alphabet characters (or alphabet letters of any language), complex shapes including a combination of polygonal shapes, and a combination thereof.
- the openings 154 may have two-dimensional polygonal shapes such as, a triangle, a rectangle, a quadrilateral, a pentagon, a hexagon, a heptagon, an octagon, a nonagon, a decagon, and a combination thereof.
- a first portion 152 can be formed to include a combination of openings 154 having a plurality of different two-dimensional shapes. It will be appreciated that the first portion 152 may be formed to have a plurality of openings 154 that may have different two-dimensional shapes as compared to each other.
- the shaping assembly 151 may be in the form of a mold.
- the shaping assembly 151 can be in the shape of a mold having openings 154 defining side surfaces and a bottom surface configured to accept the mixture 101 from the die 103.
- a mold configuration may be distinct from a screen configuration such that the mold has openings that do not extend through the entire thickness of the shaping assembly 151.
- the shaping assembly 151 can include a second portion 153 configured to be adjacent to the first portion 152 within the application zone 183.
- the mixture 101 can be applied into the opening 154 of the first portion 152 and configured to abut a surface 157 of the second portion 153 within the application zone 183.
- the second portion 153 can be configured as a stop surface allowing the mixture 101 to fill the opening 154 within the first portion 152.
- the surface 154 of the second portion 153 can be configured to contact the mixture 101 while it is contained within the opening 154 of the first portion 152.
- the surface 157 may have a particular coating to facilitate processing.
- the surface 157 may include a coating including an inorganic material, an organic material, and a combination thereof.
- suitable inorganic materials can include a ceramic, a glass, a metal, a metal alloy, and a combination thereof.
- Certain suitable examples of an inorganic material can include a polymer, including for example, a fluoropolymer, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the surface 157 may include features, including for example protrusions and grooves such that during processing the mixture 101 contained within the opening 154 of the first portion 152 may replicate features contained on the surface 157 of the second portion 153.
- the second portion 153, and more particularly the surface 157 of the second portion 153 may include a specific composition that may be imparted to the mixture 101 contained in the opening 154 of the first portion 152.
- the surface 157 may be coated with an additive.
- the additive may be an inorganic material, organic material, and a combination thereof.
- the additive may be a dopant.
- the surface of the mixture 101 in contact with the surface 157 of the second portion 153 may be doped while it is contained in the shaping assembly 151, and more particularly, within the opening 154 of the first portion 152.
- the first portion 152 may be translated in a direction 186.
- the mixture 101 contained in the openings 154 of the first portion 152 may be translated over the surface 157 of the second portion 153.
- the first portion 152 may be translated in a direction 186 at a particular rate to facilitate suitable processing.
- the first portion 152 may be translated through the application zone 183 at a rate of at least about 0.5 mm/s.
- the rate of translation of the first portion 152 may be greater, such as at least about 1 cm/s, at least about 3 cm s, at least about 4 cm/s, at least about 6 cm/s, at least about 8 cm/s, or even at least about 10 cm/s. Still, in at least one non -limiting embodiment, the first portion 152 may be translated in a direction 186 at a rate of not greater than about 5 m/s, such as not greater than about 1 m/s, or even not greater than about 0.5 m/s. It will be appreciated that the first portion 152 may be translated at a rate within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above.
- the first portion 152 may be translated to an ejection zone 185.
- Translation may be facilitated by a translator configured to translate at least a portion of the shaping assembly from the application zone 183 to the ejection zone 185.
- a translator may include a series of rollers, about which the first portion 152 may be looped and rotated around.
- the ejection zone may include at least one ejection assembly 187 that can be configured to direct an ejection material 189 at the mixture 101 contained within the openings 154 of the first portion 152.
- only a portion of the shaping assembly 151 may be moved.
- the first portion 152 of the shaping assembly 151 may be translated in a direction 186, while at least the second portion 153 of the shaping assembly 151 may be stationary relative to the first portion 152. That is, in particular instances the second portion 153 may be contained entirely within the application zone 183 and may be removed from contact with the first portion 152 within the ejection zone 185.
- the second portion 153 which in certain embodiments may be alternatively referred to as the backing plate, terminates prior to the ejection zone 185.
- the first portion 152 can be translated from the application zone 183 into the ejection zone 185, wherein opposing major surfaces of the mixture 101 contained within the openings 154 of the first portion 152 may be exposed. In certain instances, exposure of both major surfaces of the mixture 101 in the openings 154 can facilitate further processing, including for example, ejection of the mixture 101 from the openings 154.
- the first portion 152 of the shaping assembly 151 can be in direct contact with the second portion 153 of the shaping assembly 151 within the application zone 183. Moreover, prior to translating the first portion 152 from the application zone 183 to the ejection zone 185, the first portion 152 can be separated from the second portion 153. As such, the mixture 101 contained within the openings 154 can be removed from at least one surface of a portion of the shaping assembly 151, and more particularly, the surface 157 of the second portion 153 of the shaping assembly 151. Notably, the mixture 101 contained within the opening 154 can be removed from the surface 157 of the second portion 153 prior to ejection of the mixture 101 from the openings 154 in the ejection zone 185. The process of removing the mixture 101 from the first portion from contact with the first portion 152.
- the ejection material 189 can be directed at the first portion 152 of the shaping assembly 151 to facilitate contact with the mixture 101 in the openings 154 of the first portion 152.
- the ejection material 189 can directly contact an exposed major surface of the mixture 101 and an opening 154 of the first portion 152 of the shaping assembly 151.
- at least a portion of the ejection material 189 may also contact a major surface of the second portion 152 as it is translated by the ejection assembly 187.
- the ejection material 189 can be a fluidized material. Suitable examples of fluidized materials can include a liquid, a gas, and a combination thereof.
- the fluidized material of the ejection material 189 can include an inert material.
- the fluidized material can be a reducing material.
- the fluidized material may be an oxidizing material.
- the fluidized material can include air.
- the ejection material 189 may include an aerosol comprising a gas phase component, a liquid phase component, a solid phase component, and a combination thereof.
- the ejection material 189 can include an additive.
- additives can include materials such as an organic material, an inorganic material, a gas phase component, a liquid phase component, a solid phase component, and a combination thereof.
- the additive can be a dopant material configured to dope the material of the mixture 101.
- the dopant can be a liquid phase component, a gas phase component, a solid phase component, or a combination thereof that can be contained within the ejection material. Still, in one particular instance, the dopant can be present as a fine powder suspended in the ejection material.
- Directing the ejection material at the mixture 101 in the opening 154 of the first portion 152 of the shaping assembly 151 can be conducted at a predetermined force.
- the predetermined force may be suitable to eject the mixture from the opening 154 to form a precursor shaped abrasive particle, and may be a function of the rheological parameters of the mixture 101, the geometry of the cavity, the materials of construction of shaping assembly, surface tension forces between the mixture 101 and the materials of the shaping assembly 151, and a combination thereof.
- the predetermined force can be at least about 0.1 N, such as at least about 1 N, at least about 10 N, at least about 12 N, at least about 14 N, at least about 16 N, at least about 50 N, or even at least about 80 N.
- the predetermined force may be not greater than about 500 N, such as not greater than about 200 N, not greater than about 100 N, or even not greater than about 50 N.
- the predetermined force may be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above.
- the use of the ejection material 189 may be essentially responsible for the removal of the mixture 101 from the opening 154.
- the process of removing the mixture 101 from an opening 154 can be conducted by applying an external force to the mixture 101.
- the process of applying external force includes limited strain of the shaping assembly and an application of an outside force to eject the mixture 101 from the opening 154.
- the process of ejection causes removal of the mixture 101 from the opening 154 and may be conducted with relatively little or essentially no shearing of the first portion 152 relative to another component (e.g., the second portion 153).
- ejection of the mixture may be accomplished with essentially no drying of the mixture 101 within the opening 154.
- the precursor shaped abrasive particle 191 may be ejected from the opening 154 and collected. Some suitable methods of collecting can include a bin underlying the first portion 152 of the shaping assembly 151. Alternatively, the mixture 101 can be ejected from the opening 154 in such a manner that the precursor shaped abrasive particle 191 falls back onto the first portion 152 after ejection. The precursor shaped abrasive particle 191 can be translated out of the ejection zone on the first portion 152 to other zones for further processing.
- the mixture 101 can experience a change in weight of less than about 5% for the total weight of the mixture 101 for the duration the mixture 101 is in the opening of the first portion 152 of the shaping assembly 151.
- the weight loss of the mixture 101 while it is contained within the shaping assembly 151 can be less, such as less than about 4%, less than about 3%, less than about 2%, less than about 1%, or even less than about 0.5%.
- the mixture 101 may have essentially no change in weight for the duration the mixture 101 is in the opening 154 of the shaping assembly 151.
- the mixture 101 may experience a limited change in volume (e.g., shrinkage) for the duration the mixture 101 is in an opening 154 of the shaping assembly 151.
- the change of volume of the mixture 101 can be less than about 5% for the total volume of the mixture 101 for the duration between applying the mixture 101 in the opening and ejection of the mixture from the opening 154.
- the total change in volume may be less, such as less than about 4%, less than about 3%, less than about 2%, less than about 1%, or even less than about 0.5%.
- the mixture may experience essentially no change in volume for the entire duration the mixture 101 is in an opening 154 of the shaping assembly 151.
- the mixture 101 may undergo a controlled heating process, while the mixture is contained within the shaping assembly 151.
- the heating process may include heating the mixture at a temperature greater than room temperature for a limited time.
- the temperature may be at least about 30°C, such as at least about 35°C, at least about 40°C, such as at least about 50°C, at least about 60°C, or even at least about 100°C.
- the temperature may be not greater than about 300°C, such as not greater than about 200°C, or even not greater than about at least about 150°C, or even not greater than about 100°C.
- the duration of heating can be particularly short, such as not greater than about 10 minutes, not greater than about 5 minutes, not greater than about 3 minutes, not greater than about 2 minutes, or even not greater than about 1 minute.
- the heating process may utilize a radiant heat source, such as infrared lamps to facilitate controlled heating of the mixture 101. Moreover, the heating process may be adapted to control the characteristics of the mixture and facilitate particular aspects of the shaped abrasive particles according to embodiments herein.
- a radiant heat source such as infrared lamps
- the mixture 101 may undergo a limited change in temperature within the shaping assembly 151, and particularly, the system may utilize a limited temperature differential between the application zone 183 and the ejection zone 185.
- the mixture 101 can experience a change in temperature of not greater than about 10°C in a duration between applying the mixture 101 into the shaping assembly 151 and removing the mixture 101 from the shaping assembly 151.
- the difference can be less, such as not greater than about 8°C, not greater than about 6°C, not greater than about 4°C, or even essentially no change in temperature in the duration the mixture 101 is contained within the shaping assembly 151.
- the method may utilize a particular distance between the application zone 183 and the ejection zone 185, and more particularly, between the point of filling the shaping assembly 151 with the mixture 101 and the ejection assembly 187, including for example, at least about 0.2 m. Still, in other designs, the distance between the application zone 183 and ejection zone 185 may be not greater than about 10 m, such as not greater than about 1 m. This may facilitate a smaller footprint of the system and improved productivity.
- the method of forming a precursor shaped abrasive particle may be conducted in a rapid fashion facilitating efficient processing. For example, the mixture may have an average residence time in an opening 154 of the shaping assembly 151 that is less than about 18 minutes.
- the average residence time can be less than about 14 minutes, less than about 12 minutes, less than about 10 minutes, less than about 8 minutes, less than about 7 minutes, less than about 6 minutes, less than about 5 minutes, less than about 2 minutes, less than about 1 minute, less than about 50 seconds, less than about 40 seconds, less than about 30 seconds, less than about 20 seconds, or even less than about 15 seconds. Still, in at least one non-limiting embodiment, the average residence time can be at least about 1 second. It will be appreciated that the average residence time can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum times noted above.
- the process of ejecting the mixture 101 from an opening 154 of the shaping assembly 151 can be conducted at a particular temperature.
- the process of ejection can be conducted at a temperature of not greater than about 300°C.
- the temperature during ejection can be not greater than about 250°C, not greater than about 200°C, not greater than about 180°C, not greater than about 160°C, not greater than about 140°C, not greater than about 120°C, not greater than about 100°C, not greater than about 90°C, not greater than about 60°C, or even not greater than about 30°C.
- the process of directing an ejection material at the mixture and ejecting the mixture 101 from an opening 151 may be conducted at certain temperatures, including those temperatures that may be above room temperature.
- Some suitable temperatures for conducting the ejection process can be at least about -80°C, such as at least about -50°C, at least about -25°C, at least about 0°C, at least about 5°C, at least about 10°C, or even at least about 15°C.
- the process of ejecting the mixture 101 from an opening 154 may be conducted at a temperature within a range between any of the temperatures noted above.
- the ejection material 189 may be prepared and ejected from the ejection assembly 187 at a predetermined temperature.
- the ejection material 189 may be at a temperature significantly less than the surrounding environment, such that upon contact with the mixture 101 within the opening 154, the mixture is configured to be reduced in temperature.
- the mixture 101 may be contacted by the ejection material 187 that can be cooler in temperature than the temperature of the mixture 101 causing contraction of the material of the mixture 101 and ejection from the opening 154.
- the ejection assembly 187 can have a particular relationship with respect to the openings 154 of the shaping assembly 151 to facilitate suitable formation of precursor shaped abrasive particles according to an embodiment.
- the ejection assembly 187 can have an ejection material opening 176 from which the ejection material 189 exits the ejection assembly 187.
- the ejection material opening 176 can define an ejection material opening width 177.
- the openings 154 of the first portion 152 can have a shaping assembly opening width 178 as illustrated in FIG. 1, which may define a largest dimension of the opening in the same direction as the ejection material opening width 177.
- the ejection material opening width 177 can be substantially the same as the shaping assembly opening width 178. In still another embodiment, the ejection material opening width 177 can be different than the shaping assembly opening width 178, such as for example, the ejection material opening width 177 can be significantly less than the shaping assembly opening width 178. According to one particular embodiment, the ejection material opening width 177 can be not greater than about 50% of the shaping opening width 178.
- the ejection material opening width 177 can be not greater than about 40%, such as not greater than about 30%, not greater than about 20%, not greater than about 10%, not greater than about 8%, not greater than about 6%, not greater than about 5%, not greater than about 4%, not greater than about 3%, or even not greater than about 2% of the shaping opening width 178. Still, in at least one non-limiting embodiment, the ejection material opening width 177 can be at least about 0.01%, such as at least about 178.
- the gap distance 173 between the surface of the ejection assembly 187 and the first portion 152 of the shaping assembly can be controlled to facilitate formation of shaped abrasive particles according to an embodiment.
- the gap distance 173 may be modified to facilitate forming shaped abrasive particles with certain features or limiting the formation of certain features.
- a pressure differential may be created on opposite sides of the first portion 152 of the shaping assembly 151 within the ejection zone 185.
- the system 100 may utilize an optional system 179 (e.g., a reduced pressure system) configured to reduce the pressure on the opposite side of the first portion 152 from the ejection assembly 187 to facilitate pulling the precursor shaped abrasive particle 191 from the opening 154.
- the process may include providing a negative pressure difference on the side of the shaping assembly opposite the ejection assembly 187.
- balancing the predetermined force of the ejection material and the negative pressure applied to the back side 172 of the first portion 152 of the shaping assembly within the ejection zone 185 can facilitate formation of different shape features in the precursor shaped abrasive particles 191 and the final-formed shaped abrasive particles.
- a precursor shaped abrasive particle After ejecting the mixture 101 from the opening 154 of the first portion 152, a precursor shaped abrasive particle is formed.
- the precursor shaped abrasive particle can have a shape substantially replicating the shape of the openings 154.
- the system and methods of the embodiments herein may have a particular efficiency and productivity associated with forming precursor shaped abrasive particles.
- the method can include forming a batch of precursor shaped abrasive particles having a weight of not less than about 1 kg in not greater than about 30 minutes.
- the system and the method of forming can be configured to have a batch efficiency of at least about 0.05 kg/min, such as at least about 0.07 kg/min, at least about 0.08 kg/min, at least about 0.09 kg/min, at least about 0.1 kg/min, at least about 0.13 kg/min, at least about 0.15 kg/min, such as at least about 0.17 kg/min, at least about 0.2 kg/min, at least about 0.3 kg/min, at least about 0.4 kg/min, at least about 0.5 kg/min, at least about 0.6 kg/min, or even at least about 0.8 kg/min.
- 0.05 kg/min such as at least about 0.07 kg/min, at least about 0.08 kg/min, at least about 0.09 kg/min, at least about 0.1 kg/min, at least about 0.13 kg/min, at least about 0.15 kg/min, such as at least about 0.17 kg/min, at least about 0.2 kg/min, at least about 0.3 kg/min, at least about 0.4 kg/min, at least about
- the system and method of the embodiments herein may have a particular productivity associated with forming precursor shaped abrasive particles.
- the system can be configured to have a batch productivity of at least about 0.1 kg/min/m 2 of shaping surface, wherein the area of the shaping surface is the total surface area of a single side of the first portion (including openings), which may be in the form of a belt.
- the system can have a batch productivity of at least about 0.15 kg/min/m 2 , at least about 0.2 kg/min/m 2 , at least about 0.25 kg/min/m 2 , at least about 0.3 kg/min/m 2 , at least about 0.35 kg/min/m 2 , at least about 0.4 kg/min/m 2 , such as at least about 0.45 kg/min/m 2 , at least about 0.5 kg/min/m 2 , at least about 0.55 kg/min/m 2 , at least about 0.6 kg/min/m 2 , at least about 0.7 kg/min/m 2 , at least about 0.8 kg/min/m 2 , or even at least about 1 kg/min/m 2 .
- the precursor shaped abrasive particle can be gathered and undergo further processing.
- further processing can include shaping, applying a dopant material, drying, sintering, and the like.
- the precursor shaped abrasive particle may be translated through a shaping zone, wherein at least one exterior surface of the particles may be shaped.
- Shaping can include altering a contour of the precursor shaped abrasive particle through one or more processes, such as, embossing, rolling, cutting, engraving, patterning, stretching, twisting, and a combination thereof.
- the process of shaping can include contacting a shaping structure, having a particular texture to an exterior surface of the precursor shaped abrasive particle to impart the texture to the exterior surface of the particle.
- a shaping structure having a particular texture to an exterior surface of the precursor shaped abrasive particle to impart the texture to the exterior surface of the particle.
- the shaping structure can take various forms, including for example, a roller having various features on its surface.
- the precursor shaped abrasive particle may have a dopant material applied to at least one exterior surface of the precursor particle.
- a dopant material may be applied utilizing various methods including for example, spraying, dipping, depositing, impregnating, transferring, punching, cutting, pressing, crushing, and any combination thereof.
- the application zone may utilize a spray nozzle, or a combination of spray nozzles to spray dopant material onto the precursor shaped abrasive particle. It will be appreciated that the process of applying a dopant material during further processing can be performed at various processing stages, including for example, before drying or after drying, or before calcining or after calcining, before sintering or after sintering.
- applying a dopant material can include the application of a particular material, such as a salt, which can be a precursor salt material that includes a dopant material to be incorporated into the finally-formed shaped abrasive particles.
- a particular material such as a salt
- a metal salt can include an element or compound that is the dopant material.
- the salt material may be in liquid form, such as in a dispersion comprising the salt and liquid carrier.
- the salt may include nitrogen, and more particularly, can include a nitrate.
- the salt can include a metal nitrate, and more particularly, consist essentially of a metal nitrate.
- the dopant material can include an element or compound such as an alkali element, alkaline earth element, rare earth element, hafnium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or a combination thereof.
- the dopant material includes an element or compound including an element such as lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cesium, praseodymium, niobium, hafnium, zirconium, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, iron, germanium, manganese, nickel, titanium, zinc, silicon, boron, carbon and a combination thereof.
- an element such as lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cesium, praseodymium, niobium, hafnium, zirconium, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, iron, germanium, manganese, nickel, titanium, zinc, silicon, boron, carbon and a combination thereof.
- the precursor shaped abrasive particle may undergo further processing, including for example, heating, curing, vibration, impregnation, and a combination thereof.
- the precursor shaped abrasive particle may be dried. Drying may include removal of a particular content of material, including volatiles, such as water.
- the drying process can be conducted at a drying temperature of not greater than about 300°C, such as not greater than about 280°C, or even not greater than about 250°C. Still, in one non-limiting embodiment, the drying process may be conducted at a drying temperature of at least about 10°C. It will be appreciated that the drying temperature may be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum temperatures noted above.
- the process of forming the shaped abrasive particle may include additional processes, including calcination, impregnation, sintering and a combination thereof. Calcination may occur to remove volatiles and cause a phase change in the material, including for example, a high-temperature phase material (e.g., alpha alumina).
- a shaped abrasive particle can comprise at least about 80 wt% alpha alumina for the total weight of the particle. In other instances, the content of alpha alumina may be greater, such that the shaped abrasive particle may consist essentially of alpha alumina.
- Impregnation may occur to incorporate other materials into the material of the mixture 101, including for example, a dopant.
- Sintering of the precursor shaped abrasive particle may be utilized to densify the particle.
- the sintering process can facilitate the formation of a high-temperature phase ceramic material.
- the precursor shaped abrasive particle may be sintered such that a high-temperature phase of alumina, such as alpha alumina is formed.
- Additional processes may be completed on any portions of the shaping assembly 151, to facilitate regular and repetitive processing.
- cleaning may be conducted on the first portion 152 after ejecting the mixture, and more particularly cleaning the openings 154 of the first portion 152 after translating the first portion 152 through the ejection zone 185.
- the portions of the shaping assembly 151 may undergo a drying process.
- the shaped abrasive particle can have a particular size, as measured by the length of the body.
- the shaped abrasive particle may have a median particle size of not greater than about 5 mm.
- the median particle may be less, such as not greater than about 4 mm, not greater than about 3 mm, not greater than about 2 mm, or even not greater than about 1.5 mm.
- the median particle size of the shaped abrasive particle can be at least about 10 microns, at least about 100 microns, at least about 200 microns, at least about 400 microns, at least about 600 microns, or even at least about 800 microns. It will be appreciated that the median particle size of the shaped abrasive particle can be within a range between any of the above minimum and maximum values.
- the shaped abrasive particle of one embodiment can have a particular grain size, particularly for grains of alpha alumina.
- the shaped abrasive particle may have an average grain size of not greater than about 500 microns, such as not greater than about 250 microns, or even not greater than about 100 microns, not greater than about 50 microns, not greater than about 20 microns, or even not greater than about 1 micron.
- the average grain size can be at least about 0.01 microns, such as at least about 0.05 microns, at least about 0.08 microns, or even at least about 0.1 microns. It will be appreciated that the average grain size of the shaped abrasive particle can be within a range between any of the above minimum and maximum values.
- the shaped abrasive particle can include a dopant material, which can include an element or compound such as an alkali element, alkaline earth element, rare earth element, hafnium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or a combination thereof.
- the dopant material includes an element or compound including an element such as lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cesium, praseodymium, niobium, hafnium, zirconium, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, silicon, boron, carbon or a combination thereof.
- the shaped abrasive particle can be formed to have a specific content of dopant material.
- the body of a shaped abrasive particle may include not greater than about 20 wt% dopant material for the total weight of the body.
- the amount of dopant material can be less, such as not greater than about 16 wt%, not greater than about 14 wt%, not greater than about 12 wt%, not greater than about 11 wt%, not greater than about 10 wt%, not greater than about 9 wt%, not greater than about 8 wt%, not greater than about 7 wt%, not greater than about 6 wt%, or even not greater than about 5 wt% for the total weight of the body.
- the amount of dopant material can be at least about 0.5 wt%, such at least about 1 wt%, at least about 1.3 wt%, at least about 1.8 wt%, at least about 2 wt%, at least about 2.3 wt%, at least about 2.8 wt%, or even at least about 3 wt% for the total weight of the body. It will be appreciated that the amount of dopant material within the body of the shaped abrasive particle can be within a range between any of the minimum or maximum percentages noted above.
- a shaped abrasive particle according to one embodiment can have a body defined by a length (1), which can be the longest dimension of any side of the shaped abrasive particle, a width (w) defined as a longest dimension of the shaped abrasive particle through a midpoint of the shaped abrasive particle, and a thickness (t) defined as the shortest dimension of the shaped abrasive particle extending in a direction perpendicular to the length and width.
- the length can be greater than or equal to the width.
- the width can be greater than or equal to the thickness.
- the body of the shaped abrasive particle can have particular two- dimensional shapes.
- the body can have a two-dimensional shape as viewed in a plane define by the length and width having a polygonal shape, ellipsoidal shape, a numeral, a Greek alphabet character, Latin alphabet character, Russian alphabet character, or any alphabet character, complex shapes utilizing a combination of polygonal shapes and a combination thereof.
- Particular polygonal shapes include triangular, rectangular, quadrilateral, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, nonagon, decagon, any combination thereof.
- FIGs. 3A-3C include perspective view illustrations of shaped abrasive particles that can be formed through the processes of the embodiments herein.
- FIG. 3A includes a perspective view illustration of a shaped abrasive particle in accordance with an embodiment.
- the body 301 of the shaped abrasive particle can have a length (1), a width (w) extending through a midpoint 302 of the body 301, and a thickness (t).
- the body 301 can have a primary aspect ratio defined as a ratio of length:width.
- the primary aspect ratio of the body 301 can be at least about 1.2: 1, such as at least about 1.5: 1, at least about 2: 1, at least about 3: 1, or even at least about 4: 1. Still, the primary aspect ratio may be not greater than about 100: 1. It will be appreciated that the primary aspect ratio of the body 301 may be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum ratios noted above.
- the body 301 can have a secondary aspect ratio defined by a ratio of length:thickness.
- the secondary aspect ratio of the body 301 may be at least about 1.2: 1, such as at least about 1.5: 1, at least about 2: 1, at least about 3: 1, at least about 4: 1, at least about 5: 1, or even at least about 10: 1.
- the body 301 can have a secondary aspect ratio that is not greater than about 100: 1. It will be appreciated that the secondary aspect ratio may be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum ratios provided above.
- the shaped abrasive particle of an embodiment can have a tertiary aspect ratio defined by a ratio of the width:thickness.
- the tertiary aspect ratio of the body 301 may be at least about 1.2: 1, such as at least about 1.5: 1, at least about 2: 1, at least about 3: 1, at least about 4: 1, at least about 5: 1, or even at least about 10: 1.
- the body 301 can have a tertiary aspect ratio that is not greater than about 100:1. It will be appreciated that the tertiary aspect ratio may be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum ratios provided above.
- FIG. 3B includes a perspective view illustration of a shaped abrasive particle in accordance with an embodiment.
- the shaped abrasive particle can have a corner-truncated triangular shape, wherein two edges and a side surface extending between the edges replace a position that would normally be occupied by a single corner in a typical triangular-shaped body.
- the body 301 of the shaped abrasive particle can have a length (1), a width (w) extending through a midpoint 302 of the body 301, and a thickness (t).
- FIG. 3C includes a perspective view illustration of a shaped abrasive particle formed in accordance with an embodiment.
- the body 301 can have a generally quadrilateral shape.
- the body 301 may be a corner truncated quadrilateral, and more particularly a corner truncated parallelagram or trapazoidal shape, wherein two edges and a side surface extending between the edges replace a position that would normally be occupied by a single corner in a typical quadrilateral-shaped body.
- the body 301 of the shaped abrasive particle can have a length (1), a width (w) extending through a midpoint 302 of the body 301, and a thickness (t).
- the body 301 can have the any of the features of any shaped abrasive particle described in the embodiments herein.
- FIG. 4 includes a cross-sectional illustration of a coated abrasive article incorporating the abrasive particulate material in accordance with an embodiment.
- the coated abrasive 400 can include a substrate 401 and a make coat 403 overlying a surface of the substrate 401.
- the coated abrasive 400 can further include abrasive particulate material 406.
- the abrasive particulate material 406 can include a first type of particles including shaped abrasive particles 405 and a second type of abrasive particulate material 407 in the form of diluent abrasive particles.
- the diluent abrasive particles can have a random shape, and may not necessarily be shaped abrasive particles.
- the coated abrasive 400 may further include size coat 404 overlying and bonded to the abrasive particulate material 406 and the make coat 404.
- the substrate 401 can include an organic material, inorganic material, and a combination thereof.
- the substrate 401 can include a woven material.
- the substrate 401 may be made of a non-woven material.
- Particularly suitable substrate materials can include organic materials, including polymers, and particularly, polyester, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyimides such as KAPTON from DuPont, or paper.
- Some suitable inorganic materials can include metals, metal alloys, and particularly, foils of copper, aluminum, steel, and a combination thereof.
- the make coat 403 can be applied to the surface of the substrate 401 in a single process, or alternatively, the abrasive particulate material 406 can be combined with a make coat 403 material and applied as a mixture to the surface of the substrate 401.
- Suitable materials of the make coat 403 can include organic materials, particularly polymeric materials, including for example, polyesters, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, poly vinyl chlorides, polyethylene, polysiloxane, silicones, cellulose acetates, nitrocellulose, natural rubber, starch, shellac, and mixtures thereof.
- the make coat 403 can include a polyester resin.
- the coated substrate can then be heated in order to cure the resin and the abrasive particulate material to the substrate.
- the coated substrate 401 can be heated to a temperature of between about 100 °C to less than about 250 °C during this curing process.
- the abrasive particulate material 406 can include shaped abrasive particles according to embodiments herein.
- the abrasive particulate material 406 may include different types of shaped abrasive particles.
- the different types of shaped abrasive particles can differ from each other in composition, two-dimensional shape, three-dimensional shape, size, and a combination thereof as described in the embodiments herein.
- the coated abrasive 400 can include a shaped abrasive particle 405 having a generally triangular two-dimensional shape.
- the other type of abrasive particles 407 can be diluent particles different than the shaped abrasive particles 405.
- the diluent particles can differ from the shaped abrasive particles 405 in composition, two-dimensional shape, three-dimensional shape, size, and a combination thereof.
- the abrasive particles 407 can represent conventional, crushed abrasive grit having random shapes.
- the abrasive particles 407 may have a median particle size less than the median particle size of the shaped abrasive particles 405.
- the size coat 404 can be formed to overlie and bond the abrasive particulate material 406 in place.
- the size coat 404 can include an organic material, may be made essentially of a polymeric material, and notably, can use polyesters, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, poly vinyl chlorides, polyethylene, polysiloxane, silicones, cellulose acetates, nitrocellulose, natural rubber, starch, shellac, and mixtures thereof.
- FIG. 5 includes an illustration of a bonded abrasive article incorporating the abrasive particulate material in accordance with an embodiment.
- the bonded abrasive 500 can include a bond material 501, abrasive particulate material 502 contained in the bond material, and porosity 508 within the bond material 501.
- the bond material 501 can include an organic material, inorganic material, and a combination thereof.
- Suitable organic materials can include polymers, such as epoxies, resins, thermosets, thermoplastics, polyimides, polyamides, and a combination thereof.
- Certain suitable inorganic materials can include metals, metal alloys, vitreous phase materials, crystalline phase materials, ceramics, and a combination thereof.
- the abrasive particulate material 502 of the bonded abrasive 500 can include shaped abrasive particles 503, 504, 505, and 506.
- the shaped abrasive particles 503, 504, 505, and 506 can be different types of particles, which can differ from each other in composition, two-dimensional shape, three-dimensional shape, size, and a combination thereof as described in the embodiments herein.
- the bonded abrasive article can include a single type of shaped abrasive particle.
- the bonded abrasive 500 can include a type of abrasive particulate material 507 representing diluent abrasive particles, which can differ from the shaped abrasive particles 503, 504, 505, and 506 in composition, two-dimensional shape, three-dimensional shape, size, and a combination thereof.
- the porosity 508 of the bonded abrasive 500 can be open porosity, closed porosity, and a combination thereof.
- the porosity 508 may be present in a majority amount (vol%) based on the total volume of the body of the bonded abrasive 500.
- the porosity 508 can be present in a minor amount (vol%) based on the total volume of the body of the bonded abrasive 500.
- the bond material 501 may be present in a majority amount (vol%) based on the total volume of the body of the bonded abrasive 500.
- the bond material 501 can be present in a minor amount (vol%) based on the total volume of the body of the bonded abrasive 500.
- abrasive particulate material 502 can be present in a majority amount (vol%) based on the total volume of the body of the bonded abrasive 500. Alternatively, the abrasive particulate material 502 can be present in a minor amount (vol%) based on the total volume of the body of the bonded abrasive 500.
- a shaped abrasive particle can include a body having a tortuous contour, which may be facilitated by particular aspects of the forming process.
- the tortuous contour can include a first curved portion, a second curved portion, and a planar portion joining the first curved portion and the second curved portion.
- FIG. 6 includes a side view (inverted color) image of a shaped abrasive particle made according to an embodiment herein.
- the shaped abrasive particle 600 can include a body 601 having a first major surface 603, a second major surface 604, and a side surface 605 extending between and separating the first major surface 603 and the second major surface 604.
- the first major surface 603 can have a tortuous contour, which may include a first curved portion 606, a second curved portion 608, and a substantially planar or linear region 607 connecting and extending between the first curved portion 606 and the second curved portion 608.
- the first curved portion 606 may define a substantially arcuate curvature, which may include a substantially convex curvature.
- the second curved portion 608 can be spaced apart from the first curved portion 606 and define a substantially arcuate curvature, and particularly, a substantially concave portion.
- the first curved portion 606 can define a first radius of curvature and the second curved portion 608 can define a second radius of curvature according to a portion of the curve best fit to a circle.
- imaging software such as ImageJ.
- the first curved portion 606 and the second curved portion 608 can have different radiuses of curvatures compared to each other.
- the radius of curvatures associated with the first curved portion 606 and second curved portion 608 may be substantially similar.
- the tortuous contour of the first major surface 603 can include a first curved portion 606 having a radius of curvature that is greater than an average height of the body 601, wherein the height can be measured as the average distance between the first major surface 603 and second major surface 604.
- the tortuous contour of the first major surface 604 can include a second curved portion 608 having a radius of curvature that is greater than the average height of the body 601.
- the tortuous contour can include a particular waviness.
- the waviness can be defined as a portion of any surface having the tortuous contour including a first curved portion extending above a line and further comprising a second curved portion extending below the line.
- a line 610 is drawn between the corners of the first major surface 603 and the side surface 605 of the body 601.
- the line 610 may be parallel to the opposing major surface if the opposite major surface defines a substantially planar surface, such as the second major surface 604 of the body 601 shown in FIG. 6.
- the first major surface can have a tortuous contour including a waviness, wherein the first curved portion 606 includes a region of the first major surface 603 that extends on one side (i.e., below in the orientation illustrated) and the second curved portion 608 includes a region of the first major surface 603 that extends on the opposite side (i.e., above in the orientation illustrated) of the line 610 relative to the region of the first major portion 606.
- the curved portions can define a peak height or valley height depending on the relationship of the curved portions 606 and 608 relative to the line 610.
- the peak height can be the greatest distance between a point within the curved portion and the line 610.
- the second curved portion 608 can have a peak height 620 as the greatest distance between a point on the first major surface 602 within the second curved portion 608 and the line 610, in a direction perpendicular to the line and generally extending in the direction of the height of the particle as viewed from the side.
- the peak height 620 can be at least about 5% of an average height of the body 601.
- the peak height 620 can be less than about 150%, such as less than about 90% of the average height of the particle. It will be appreciated that the peak height can be within a range between any of the above minimum and maximum percentages.
- the first curved portion 606 can define a valley height, as the maximum distance between the line 610 and a portion of the first major surface 603 within the first curved portion 606.
- the valley height can have the same features as the peak height 620 associated with the second curved portion 608.
- the tortuous contour can be defined by a portion of the body wherein a slope of a trace line extending along the tortuous contour changes slope from a region defining a positive slope of the trace line, to a slope of zero, to a negative slope.
- a trace line 612 can be formed along the tortuous surface and define a first region 613 having a positive slope, a region 614 including a slope of zero, and a region wherein the slope of the trace line 612 changes to a negative value.
- a tortuous surface can include additional changes in slope, including for example, an additional transition to a region having a slope of zero, and a transition to a region having a positive or negative slope.
- the tortuous contour can extend along a first major surface 603 of the body 601.
- the tortuous contour may extend along other surfaces of the body 601, including, but not limited to, the second major surface 604 and the side surface 605.
- the tortuous contour can extend along at least a portion of any surface of the body 601.
- the tortuous contour can extend along a majority of at least one surface (e.g., the first major surface 603, second major surface 604, or side surface 605) of the body 601.
- the tortuous contour can define at least about 60%, such as at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, or even essentially all of at least one surface of the body 601.
- surfaces not exhibiting a tortuous surface may have other features, including other features of the embodiments herein (e.g., a fractured surface, an arrowhead shape, etc.) or even a substantially planar contour.
- any one of the surfaces of the body 601 including but not limited to, the first major surface 603, second major surface 604, and side surface 605, not having a tortuous surface may exhibit a substantially planar surface.
- surfaces exhibiting a tortuous surface may have additional features, including other features of the embodiments herein, including for example, a fractured surface, an arrowhead shape, and the like.
- the body 601 can have a first corner 631 comprising a first height, measured as the distance between the first major surface 603 and the second major surface 604 along the side surface 605, and more particularly, the distance between the corner 631 and the corner 631 in a direction of the height perpendicular to the line 610.
- the body 601 can have a second height at the second corner 635, measured as the distance between the first major surface 603 and the second major surface 604 along the side surface 605, and more particularly, the distance between the corner 635 and the corner 634 in a direction of the height perpendicular to the line 610.
- the first height can be significantly different than the second height. In certain embodiments, the first height can be significantly less than the second height.
- the body 601 of the shaped abrasive particle 600 can include a first upper angle 641 between the first major surface 603 and the side surface 605 as viewed from the side as illustrated in FIG. 7.
- the first upper angle 641 can be at least about 80 degrees, such as at least about 85 degrees. In other embodiments, the first upper angle can be not greater than about 110 degrees.
- the side surface 605 can extend at a generally orthogonal angle relative to at least one of the first major surface 603 and the second major surface 604. More particularly, the side surface 605 can extend at a generally orthogonal angle relative to the first major surface 603 and the second major surface 604.
- the body 601 of the shaped abrasive particle 600 can include a second lower angle 642 between the second major surface 603 and the side surface 605 as viewed from the side as illustrated in FIG. 7.
- the second lower angle 642 can be at least about 80 degrees, such as at least about 85 degrees. In other embodiments, the second lower angle 642 can be not greater than about 110 degrees.
- the shaped abrasive particles of the embodiments herein can have a percent flashing that may facilitate improved performance.
- the flashing can define an area of the particle as viewed along one side, such as illustrated in FIG. 8, wherein the flashing extends from a side surface of the body 801 within the boxes 802 and 803.
- the flashing can represent tapered regions proximate to the upper surface and bottom surface of the body 801.
- the flashing can be measured as the percentage of area of the body 801 along the side surface contained within a box extending between an innermost point of the side surface (e.g., 821) and an outermost point (e.g., 822) on the side surface of the body to define the box 803.
- the flashing within the box 802 can be measured as the percentage of area of the body along the side surface contained within a box extending between an innermost point of the side surface 824 and an outermost point at 823 on the side surface of the body 801.
- the body 801 can have a particular content of flashing, which can be the percentage of area of the body contained within the boxes 802 and 803 compared to the total area of the body contained within boxes 802, 803, and 804.
- the percent flashing (f) of the body can be at not greater about 10%.
- the percent flashing can be less, such as at not greater than about 9%, not greater than about 8%, not greater than about 7%, not greater than about 6%, not greater than about 5%, or even not greater than about 4%. Still, in one non-limiting embodiment, the percent flashing can be at least about 0.1 %, at least about 0.5%, at least about 1 %, or even at least about 2%. It will be appreciated that the percent flashing of the body 801 can be within a range between any of the above minimum and maximum percentages. Moreover, it will be appreciated that the above flashing percentages can be representative of an average flashing percentage or a median flashing percentage for a batch of shaped abrasive particles.
- the percent flashing can be measured by mounting the shaped abrasive particle on its side and viewing the body 801 at the side to generate a black and white image, such as the orientations illustrate in FIGs. 6 and 7.
- a suitable program for such includes ImageJ software.
- the percentage flashing can be calculated by determining the area of the body 801 in the boxes 802 and 803 compared to the total area of the body as viewed at the side (total shaded area), including the area in the center 804 and within the boxes. Such a procedure can be completed for a suitable sampling of particles to generate average, median, and/or and standard deviation values.
- FIG. 9 includes a perspective view illustration of an abrasive particle in accordance with an embodiment.
- the body 901 includes an upper surface 903 a bottom major surface 904 opposite the upper surface 903.
- the upper surface 903 and the bottom surface 904 can be separated from each other by side surfaces 905, 906, and 907.
- the body 901 of the shaped abrasive particle 900 can have a generally triangular shape as viewed in a plane of the upper surface 903.
- the body 901 can have a length (Lmiddle), which may be measured at the bottom surface 904 of the body 901 and extending from a corner 913 through a midpoint 981 of the body 901 to a midpoint at the opposite edge 914 of the body.
- the body can be defined by a second length or profile length (Lp), which can be the measure of the dimension of the body from a side view at the upper surface 903 from a first corner 913 to an adjacent corner 912.
- Lp second length or profile length
- the dimension of Lmiddle can be a length defining a distance between a height at a corner (he) and a height at a midpoint edge (hm) opposite the corner.
- the dimension Lp can be a profile length along a side of the particle.
- the body 901 can further include a width (w) that is the longest dimension of the body and extending along a side.
- the shaped abrasive particle can further include a height (h), which may be a dimension of the shaped abrasive particle extending in a direction perpendicular to the length and width in a direction defined by a side surface of the body 901.
- body 901 can be defined by various heights depending upon the location on the body where the height is measured, such as at the corners versus the interior of the body 901.
- the width can be greater than or equal to the length
- the length can be greater than or equal to the height
- the width can be greater than or equal to the height.
- any dimensional characteristic can be reference to a dimension of a single particle of a batch, a median value, or an average value derived from analysis of a suitable sampling of particles from a batch.
- reference herein to a dimensional characteristic can be considered reference to a median value that is a based on a statistically significant value derived from a sample size of suitable number of particles of a batch of particles.
- the sample size can include at least 15 randomly selected particles from a batch of particles.
- the body 901 of the shaped abrasive particle can have a first corner height (he) at a first region of the body defined by a comer 913.
- the corner 913 may represent the point of greatest height on the body 901.
- the height at the corner 913 does not necessarily represent the point of greatest height on the body 901.
- the corner 913 can be defined as a point or region on the body 901 defined by the joining of the upper surface 903, and two side surfaces 905 and 907.
- the body 901 may further include other comers, spaced apart from each other, including for example, corner 911 and corner 912.
- the body 301 can include edges 914, 915, and 916 that can separated from each other by the corners 911, 912, and 913.
- the edge 914 can be defined by an intersection of the upper surface 303 with the side surface 906.
- the edge 915 can be defined by an intersection of the upper surface 903 and side surface 905 between corners 911 and 913.
- the edge 916 can be defined by an intersection of the upper surface 903 and side surface 907 between comers 912 and 913.
- the shaped abrasive particle can have a body having a particular amount of dishing, wherein the dishing value (d) can be defined as a ratio between an average height of the body at the corners ( Ahc) as compared to smallest dimension of height of the body at the interior (hi), which may be a position spaced away from the corners 911, 912, and 913 and within the interior of the body 901, such as proximate to the midpoint 981 within region 919.
- the average height of the body at the corners (Ahc) can be calculated by measuring the height of the body at all corners 911, 912, and 913 and averaging the values, and may be distinct from a single value of height at one corner (he).
- three height values can be taken at the three corners of the triangular shape.
- the average height of the body at the comers or at the interior can be measured using a STIL (Sciences et Techniques Industrielles de la Lumiere - France) Micro Measure 3D Surface Profilometer (white light (LED) chromatic aberration technique).
- the dishing may be based upon a median height of the particles at the comer (Mhc) calculated from a suitable sampling of particles from a batch.
- the interior height (hi) can be a median interior height (Mhi) derived from a suitable sampling of shaped abrasive particles from a batch.
- the dishing value (d) can be not greater than about 2, such as not greater than about 1.9, not greater than about 1.8, not greater than about 1.7, not greater than about 1.6, or even not greater than about 1.5, not greater than about 1.3, or even not greater than about 1.2. Still, in at least one non-limiting embodiment, the dishing value (d) can be at least about 0.9, such as at least about 1.0.
- dishing ratio can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above.
- dishing values can be representative of a median dishing value (Md) for a batch of shaped abrasive particles.
- the shaped abrasive particle can include a body comprising an arrowhead shape.
- FIG. 10 includes an image of a shaped abrasive particle having an arrowhead shape according to an embodiment.
- the shaped abrasive particle 1000 can include a body 1001 including a first major surface 1003, a second major surface opposite the second major surface, and a first side surface 1005, a second side surface 1006, and a third side surface 1007.
- the body 1001 can have any of the other features of shaped abrasive particles described herein, and in particular, can utilize one or more substantially planar contours and/or tortuous contour surfaces.
- first side surface 1005 can extend into a volume of the body 1001, and the second side surface 1006 and the third side surface 1008 can be substantially planar.
- at least a portion of the first side surface 1005 can define an arcuate portion, and in particular may define a substantially concave portion.
- the angle between the second side surface 1006 and the third side surface 1007, as viewed top-down as shown in FIG. 10 can be different than the angle of the corner between the first side surface 1005 and the second side surface 1006.
- the angle between the first side surface 1005 and the second side surface 1006 can be less than the angle between the second side surface 1006 and the third side surface 1007.
- the angle between the first side surface 1005 and the third side surface 1007 can be less than the angle between the second side surface 1006 and the third side surface 1007.
- the body 1001 can further include a fractured region 1009 on at least a portion of the first side surface 1005.
- the body 1001 can have a fractured region 1009 intersecting at least a portion of an edge defining the first major surface 1003 or second major surface.
- the fractured region 1009 can be characterized by having a surface roughness greater than a surface roughness of at least the firs major surface 1003 or the second major surface of the body 1001.
- the fractured region 1009 can be characterized by irregularly shaped protrusions and grooves extending from the first side surface 1005.
- the fractured region 1009 can appear as and define a serrated edge.
- the fracture region 1009 may be preferentially located at or near the corners of the arms of the body.
- a fractured region 1009 may be formed at a center of the first side surface 1005 defining an arcuate surface giving the body 1001 an arrowhead shape.
- the fractured region 1009 can extend from the second major surface and extend vertically for a fraction of the entire height of the first side surface 1005 or even for the entire height of the first side surface 1005.
- a batch of shaped abrasive particles can include, but need not necessarily include, a group of shaped abrasive particles made through the same forming process.
- a batch of shaped abrasive particles can be a group of shaped abrasive particles of an abrasive article, such as a fixed abrasive article, and more particularly, a coated abrasive article, which may be independent of a particular forming method, but having one or more defining features present in a particular population of the particles.
- a batch of particles may include an amount of shaped abrasive particles suitable for forming a commercial grade abrasive product, such as at least about 20 lbs. of particles.
- any of the features of the embodiments herein can be a characteristic of a single particle, a median value from a sampling of particles of a batch, or an average value derived from analysis of a sampling of particles from a batch.
- reference herein to the characteristics can be considered reference to a median value that is a based on a statistically significant value derived from a random sampling of suitable number of particles of a batch.
- the sample size can include at least 10, such as at least about 15, and more typically, at least 40 randomly selected particles from a batch of particles.
- any of the features described in the embodiments herein can represent features that are present in at least a first portion of a batch of shaped abrasive particles.
- that control of one or more process parameters can control the prevalence of one or more features of the shaped abrasive particles of the embodiments herein.
- Some exemplary process parameters include, but is not limited to, the characteristics of the mixture (e.g., viscosity, storage modulus, coil value), the rate of translation, the rate of extrusion, the batch efficiency, the batch productivity, the composition of the ejection material, the predetermined force, the ejection material opening width relative to the shaping assembly opening width, the gap distance, and a combination thereof.
- the first portion may be a minority portion (e.g., less than 50% and any whole number integer between 1% and 49%) of the total number of particles in a batch, a majority portion (e.g., 50% or greater and any whole number integer between 50% and 99%) of the total number of particles of the batch, or even essentially all of the particles of a batch (e.g., between 99% and 100%).
- the provision of one or more features of any shaped abrasive particle of a batch may facilitate alternative or improved deployment of the particles in an abrasive article and may further facilitate improved performance or use of the abrasive article.
- a batch of particulate material can include a first portion including a first type of shaped abrasive particle and a second portion including a second type of shaped abrasive particle.
- the content of the first portion and second portion within the batch may be controlled at least in part based upon certain processing parameters. Provision of a batch having a first portion and a second portion may facilitate alternative or improved deployment of the particles in an abrasive article and may further facilitate improved performance or use of the abrasive article.
- the first portion may include a plurality of shaped abrasive particles, wherein each of the particles of the first portion can have substantially the same features, including for example, but not limited to, the same two-dimensional shape of a major surface. Other features include any of the features of the embodiments herein.
- the batch may include various contents of the first portion. For example, the first portion may be present in a minority amount or majority amount. In particular instances, the first portion may be present in an amount of at least about 1%, such as at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, or even at least about 70% for the total content of portions within the batch.
- the batch may include not greater than about 99%, such as not greater than about 90%, not greater than about 80%, not greater than about 70%, not greater than about 60%, not greater than about 50%, not greater than about 40%, not greater than about 30%, not greater than about 20%, not greater than about 10%, not greater than about 8%, not greater than about 6%, or even not greater than about 4% of the total portions within the batch.
- the batch can include a content of the first portion within a range between any of the minimum and maximum percentages noted above.
- the second portion of the batch can include a plurality of shaped abrasive particles, wherein each of the shaped abrasive particles of the second portion can have substantially the same feature, including for example, but not limited to, the same two-dimensional shape of a major surface.
- the second portion can have one or more features of the embodiments herein, which can be distinct compared to the plurality of shaped abrasive particles of the first portion.
- the batch may include a lesser content of the second portion relative to the first portion, and more particularly, may include a minority content of the second portion relative to the total content of particles in the batch.
- the batch may contain a particular content of the second portion, including for example, not greater than about 40%, such as not greater than about 30%, not greater than about 20%, not greater than about 10%, not greater than about 8%, not greater than about 6%, or even not greater than about 4%. Still, in at least on non-limiting embodiment, the batch may contain at least about 0.5%, such as at least about 1%, at least about 2%, at least about 3%, at least about 4%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, or even at least about 20% of the second portion for the total content of portions within the batch. It will be appreciated that the batch can contain a content of the second portion within a range between any of the minimum and maximum percentages noted above.
- the batch may include a greater content of the second portion relative to the first portion, and more particularly, can include a majority content of the second portion for the total content of particles in the batch.
- the batch may contain at least about 55%, such as at least about 60% of the second portion for the total portions of the batch.
- the batch can include additional portions, including for example a third portion, comprising a plurality of shaped abrasive particles having a third feature that can be distinct from the features of the particles of the first and second portions.
- the batch may include various contents of the third portion relative to the second portion and first portion.
- the third portion may be present in a minority amount or majority amount. In particular instances, the third portion may be present in an amount of not greater than about 40%, such as not greater than about 30%, not greater than about 20%, not greater than about 10%, not greater than about 8%, not greater than about 6%, or even not greater than about 4% of the total portions within the batch.
- the batch may include a minimum content of the third portion, such as at least about 1 %, such as at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, or even at least about 50%.
- the batch can include a content of the third portion within a range between any of the minimum and maximum percentages noted above.
- the batch may include a content of diluent, randomly shaped abrasive particles, which may be present in an amount the same as any of the portions of the embodiments herein.
- a batch of shaped abrasive particles can include a first portion, which can include a shaped abrasive particle having a tortuous contour.
- the first portion can include any one or combination of features described in accordance with shaped abrasive particles having a tortuous contour.
- the first portion can be a majority of a total number of shaped abrasive particles of the batch.
- the first portion can be a minority of a total number of shaped abrasive particles of the batch.
- the first portion can be at least 1 % of a total number of shaped abrasive particles of the batch.
- the first portion can be not greater than about 99% of a total number of shaped abrasive particles of the batch.
- the batch can also include a second portion of shaped abrasive particles, wherein the second portion of shaped abrasive particles have a discrete shape feature different than the tortuous contour of the shaped abrasive particles of the first portion.
- exemplary discrete shape features can include, but are not limited to, dish-shaped particles, substantially planar particles, concavo-convex particles, shaped abrasive shards, molded shaped abrasive particles, screen-printed shaped abrasive particles, cast-and-cut shaped abrasive particles, multilayered abrasive particles, arrowhead- shaped particles, shaped abrasive particles having a complex shape, diluent abrasive particles, and a combination thereof.
- the batch of shaped abrasive particles are part of a fixed abrasive article, which can include, but is not limited to, bonded abrasive articles (see, for example, FIG. 5), coated abrasive articles (see, for example FIG. 4), and a combination thereof.
- the fixed abrasive article can include a coated abrasive article, wherein the first portion of the batch includes a plurality of shaped abrasive particles, and each of the shaped abrasive particles of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles are arranged in a controlled orientation relative to a backing.
- Some exemplary types of controlled orientation can include at least one of a predetermined rotational orientation, a predetermined lateral orientation, and a predetermined longitudinal orientation.
- the shaped abrasive particles may be oriented with respect to each other or with respect to a particular predetermined abrasive direction (i.e., direction for conducting material removal relative to a workpiece).
- the shaped abrasive particle can be coupled to the backing in a side orientation relative to the backing, such that a side surface is closest to the surface of the backing.
- at least a significant portion of the shaped abrasive particles of the first portion can be coupled to the backing in a flat orientation relative to the backing, such that a major surface of the body is closest to the surface of the backing.
- the first portion of the batch can have a predetermined classification characteristic selected from the group consisting of average particle shape, average particle size, particle color, hardness, friability, toughness, density, specific surface area, and a combination thereof.
- a predetermined classification characteristic selected from the group consisting of average particle shape, average particle size, particle color, hardness, friability, toughness, density, specific surface area, and a combination thereof.
- any of the other portions of the batch may be classified according to the above noted classification characteristics.
- a mixture in the form of a gel is obtained having approximately 52 wt% solids loading of boehmite commercially available as Catapal B from Sasol Corp. combined with 48 wt% water containing a minority content of nitric acid and organic additives.
- the gel has a viscosity of approximately 70,000 Pa.s and a storage modulus of approximately 450,000 Pa, and a coil value of approximately 3000 N.
- the gel is extruded from a die using a pressure of approximately 90 psi (552 kPa) into a screen comprising a metal material and having openings are in the shape of an equilateral triangle, and wherein the sides of the triangle have a length of approximately 3.4 mm and the openings have a depth of approximately 0.6 mm.
- the screen is abutting a backing plate.
- the gel is extruded into the openings and the screen with the gel in the openings is translated to an ejection zone at a rate of 1 m/min.
- the gel Prior to entering the ejection zone, the gel passes through a heating zone including infrared lamps and having an average temperature of between approximately 50-90 °C.
- the gel and the shaping assembly pass through the heating zone in approximately 30 seconds and essentially no volatiles are removed from the gel. Note that the heating zone is optional and may not be utilized in all instances.
- the ejection zone includes an air knife, operated at a pressure of 90 psi and exerting approximately 20 N of force and a resulting pressure of approximately 0.3 N/mm 2 on the gel in the mold.
- the ejection material is air.
- the air knife has an ejection material opening that is approximately 2% of the shaping assembly opening width. As the gel contained within the openings of the screen passes the air knife, the gel is ejected and precursor shaped abrasive particles are formed.
- FIG. 11A includes images (inverted color) of 15 particles, each viewed from the side. The images were taken with a light microscope. The 15 particles were taken from a sample of the batch made according to Example 1.
- FIG. 1 IB includes a top view image of a sample of grains from the batch of Example 1.
- a portion of the shaped abrasive particles of the batch have an arrowhead shape, including for example, the shaped abrasive particles 1121, 1122, 1123, and 1124.
- the batch of shaped abrasive particles were then incorporated into a coated abrasive article as Sample 1 and tested according to the conditions provided below in Table 1.
- Sample 1 represents a coated abrasive including the shaped abrasive particles of Example 1, and having a median width of approximately 1.5 mm, a median height of approximately 300 microns, a median flashing percentage of less than 10%, a dishing value of approximately 1.2, wherein approximately 80% of the abrasive particles were positioned in a predetermined, side orientation on the backing such that the side surface was in contact with the backing.
- Sample 1 had a normalized weight of shaped abrasive particles of 40 lbs/ream.
- a second sample, (CS1) is a Cubitron II belt commercially available from 3M as 3M984F. Approximately 70% of the shaped abrasive particles, which have a generally planar shape, were positioned in a predetermined side orientation on the backing. The shaped abrasive particles appear to be molded particles, such as those disclosed in US. Pat. No. 5,366,523 to Rowenhorst.
- Test platform Okuma Screening Test
- FIG. 12 includes a plot of specific grinding energy versus cumulative material removed (at a material removal rate of 4.0 inch3/min/inch) for Sample 1 and Sample CSl.
- Sample 1 had a slightly higher specific grinding energy relative to Sample CSl, the specific grinding energy was relatively steady through 75% of the life of the belt.
- Sample CSl demonstrates a steadily rising specific grinding energy throughout the majority of the life the abrasive article.
- Sample 1 has essentially the same life (i.e., Cum MR) as compared to Sample CSl.
- FIG. 13 includes an image of a sample of shaped abrasive particles formed according to Example 1. Notably, at least a portion of the shaped abrasive particles of Sample 1 demonstrate a tortuous contour, including for example, shaped abrasive particles 1301, 1302, and 1303.
- a portion of the shaped abrasive particles of Sample 2 have an arrowhead shape, including for example, the shaped abrasive particles 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, and 1316. Additionally, as illustrated in FIG. 13, a portion of the shaped abrasive particles of Sample 2 have side surfaces having a fractured region, including for example, the shaped abrasive particles 1303, 1314, 1316, 1321, 1322, 1323, and 1324.
- the present application represents a departure from the state of the art. While the industry has recognized that shaped abrasive particles may be formed through processes such as molding and screen printing, the processes of the embodiments herein are distinct from such processes. Notably, the embodiments herein utilize particular systems and methods, having a combination of features, including but not limited to the type and rheological characteristics of the mixture, aspects of the application zone, length of the belt, relative size of openings in the ejection assembly and the openings in the first portion of the shaping assembly, predetermined force of ejection material, batch efficiency, batch productivity, and the like.
- the resulting precursor shaped abrasive particles and sintered shaped abrasive particles have features unique to the forming process, including for example, tortuous contours, fractured regions, arrowhead shapes, dishing, flashing percentage, and others described herein.
- shaped abrasive particles can be formed with such precision and speed, which results in little to no change in the quality of an abrasive product incorporating the mass-produced particles as compared to other conventional abrasive products incorporating molded shaped abrasive particles.
- the system and process may be controlled in a manner to allow for control of certain features of shaped abrasive particles and formation of batches of shaped abrasive particles having certain features or combinations of features.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (14)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20216595.7A EP3834988B1 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
EP13794295.9A EP2852473B1 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
EP23208044.0A EP4302955A3 (en) | 2013-05-23 | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same | |
KR1020187022647A KR101996215B1 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
IN10170DEN2014 IN2014DN10170A (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | |
KR1020147034914A KR20150020199A (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
KR1020197018691A KR102197361B1 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
CN201380034260.4A CN104540639B (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | Shape abrasive grain and forming method thereof |
BR112014029317-1A BR112014029317B1 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | Molded abrasive particles and methods of forming them |
KR1020177036955A KR101888347B1 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
KR1020167034234A KR101813466B1 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
KR1020227003702A KR102534897B1 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
PL13794295T PL2852473T3 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
KR1020207037353A KR102360055B1 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261650673P | 2012-05-23 | 2012-05-23 | |
US61/650,673 | 2012-05-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013177446A1 true WO2013177446A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
Family
ID=49624355
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2013/042502 WO2013177446A1 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (5) | US9200187B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP3834988B1 (en) |
KR (7) | KR101813466B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN104540639B (en) |
BR (1) | BR112014029317B1 (en) |
IN (1) | IN2014DN10170A (en) |
PL (1) | PL2852473T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013177446A1 (en) |
Cited By (38)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8840695B2 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2014-09-23 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particle and method of forming same |
US8986409B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2015-03-24 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive articles including abrasive particles of silicon nitride |
US9017439B2 (en) | 2010-12-31 | 2015-04-28 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
US9074119B2 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2015-07-07 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Particulate materials and methods of forming same |
WO2015160855A1 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2015-10-22 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US9200187B2 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2015-12-01 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
US9238768B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2016-01-19 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles having complex shapes and methods of forming same |
US9242346B2 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2016-01-26 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive products having fibrillated fibers |
US9303196B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2016-04-05 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Liquid phase sintered silicon carbide abrasive particles |
US9440332B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2016-09-13 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
EP2938458A4 (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2016-09-28 | Saint Gobain Ceramics & Plastics Inc | Abrasive blasting media and methods of forming and using same |
US9457453B2 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2016-10-04 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc./Saint-Gobain Abrasifs | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
US9517546B2 (en) | 2011-09-26 | 2016-12-13 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive articles including abrasive particulate materials, coated abrasives using the abrasive particulate materials and methods of forming |
US9566689B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 | 2017-02-14 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US9604346B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2017-03-28 | Saint-Gobain Cermaics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US9676981B2 (en) | 2014-12-24 | 2017-06-13 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particle fractions and method of forming same |
US9676980B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2017-06-13 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
US9707529B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2017-07-18 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Composite shaped abrasive particles and method of forming same |
US9771507B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2017-09-26 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particle including dopant material and method of forming same |
US9783718B2 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2017-10-10 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
US9902045B2 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2018-02-27 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Method of using an abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US9914864B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2018-03-13 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particles and method of forming same |
US9938440B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2018-04-10 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc./Saint-Gobain Abrasifs | Fixed abrasive articles and methods of forming same |
EP3342839A1 (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-07-04 | Tyrolit - Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski K.G. | Method for the production of abrasive particles |
US10106714B2 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2018-10-23 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
US10196551B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2019-02-05 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Fixed abrasive articles and methods of forming same |
US10280350B2 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2019-05-07 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Composite shaped abrasive particles and method of forming same |
US10557067B2 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2020-02-11 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US10563105B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2020-02-18 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US10711171B2 (en) | 2015-06-11 | 2020-07-14 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US10759024B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2020-09-01 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US10865148B2 (en) | 2017-06-21 | 2020-12-15 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Particulate materials and methods of forming same |
CN113677428A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2021-11-19 | 圣戈本陶瓷及塑料股份有限公司 | Adsorbent particles and methods of forming the same |
US11230653B2 (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2022-01-25 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Fixed abrasive articles and methods of forming same |
US11718774B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2023-08-08 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
EP4037834A4 (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2023-10-25 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics&Plastics, Inc. | Porous catalyst carrier particles and methods of forming thereof |
US11926019B2 (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2024-03-12 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive articles and methods of forming same |
US11959009B2 (en) | 2020-08-07 | 2024-04-16 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR102163145B1 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2020-10-12 | 생-고뱅 세라믹스 앤드 플라스틱스, 인코포레이티드 | Shaped abrasive particles and method of forming same |
EP3455320A4 (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2019-11-20 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics&Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
EP3491091A4 (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2020-07-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Shaped abrasive particles with sharp tips |
CN108251056A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2018-07-06 | 圣戈本陶瓷及塑料股份有限公司 | Abrasive grains, fixed abrasive article and the method for forming the fixation abrasive article |
EP3692109A1 (en) * | 2017-10-02 | 2020-08-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Elongated abrasive particles, method of making the same, and abrasive articles containing the same |
JP6899490B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2021-07-07 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | Coated polishing disc and its manufacturing method and usage method |
EP3713714B1 (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2022-04-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Coated abrasive disc and methods of making and using the same |
WO2021133888A1 (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-07-01 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive articles and methods of forming same |
KR20230129509A (en) | 2021-01-14 | 2023-09-08 | 닛산 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | Polymer composition, liquid crystal aligning agent, resin film, liquid crystal aligning film, liquid crystal display element manufacturing method and liquid crystal display element |
WO2022168722A1 (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2022-08-11 | 日産化学株式会社 | Liquid crystal aligning agent, liquid crystal alignment film, method for producing liquid crystal display element, and liquid crystal display element |
CN113045296B (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-08-09 | 福清蓝金新材料科技有限公司 | Method for forming ceramic abrasive particles by imprinting method |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050022457A1 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2005-02-03 | Zheng Chen | Abrasive particles having coatings with tortuous surface topography |
US20100151195A1 (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2010-06-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Dish-shaped abrasive particles with a recessed surface |
US20110146509A1 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Transfer assisted screen printing method of making shaped abrasive particles and the resulting shaped abrasive particles |
WO2012018903A2 (en) * | 2010-08-04 | 2012-02-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Intersecting plate shaped abrasive particles |
WO2012061033A2 (en) * | 2010-11-01 | 2012-05-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Laser method for making shaped ceramic abrasive particles, shaped ceramic abrasive particles, and abrasive articles |
Family Cites Families (654)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US345604A (en) | 1886-07-13 | Process of making porous alum | ||
US3123948A (en) | 1964-03-10 | Reinforced | ||
CA743715A (en) | 1966-10-04 | The Carborundum Company | Manufacture of sintered abrasive grain of geometrical shape and controlled grit size | |
US1910444A (en) | 1931-02-13 | 1933-05-23 | Carborundum Co | Process of making abrasive materials |
US2248064A (en) | 1933-06-01 | 1941-07-08 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Coating, particularly for manufacture of abrasives |
US2049874A (en) | 1933-08-21 | 1936-08-04 | Miami Abrasive Products Inc | Slotted abrasive wheel |
US2148400A (en) | 1938-01-13 | 1939-02-21 | Norton Co | Grinding wheel |
US2248990A (en) | 1938-08-17 | 1941-07-15 | Heany John Allen | Process of making porous abrasive bodies |
US2290877A (en) | 1938-09-24 | 1942-07-28 | Heany Ind Ceramic Corp | Porous abrading material and process of making the same |
US2318360A (en) | 1941-05-05 | 1943-05-04 | Carborundum Co | Abrasive |
US2376343A (en) | 1942-07-28 | 1945-05-22 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Manufacture of abrasives |
US2563650A (en) | 1949-04-26 | 1951-08-07 | Porocel Corp | Method of hardening bauxite with colloidal silica |
US2880080A (en) | 1955-11-07 | 1959-03-31 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Reinforced abrasive articles and intermediate products |
US3067551A (en) | 1958-09-22 | 1962-12-11 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Grinding method |
US3041156A (en) | 1959-07-22 | 1962-06-26 | Norton Co | Phenolic resin bonded grinding wheels |
US3079243A (en) | 1959-10-19 | 1963-02-26 | Norton Co | Abrasive grain |
US3079242A (en) | 1959-12-31 | 1963-02-26 | Nat Tank Co | Flame arrestor |
US3377660A (en) | 1961-04-20 | 1968-04-16 | Norton Co | Apparatus for making crystal abrasive |
GB986847A (en) | 1962-02-07 | 1965-03-24 | Charles Beck Rosenberg Brunswi | Improvements in or relating to abrasives |
US3141271A (en) | 1962-10-12 | 1964-07-21 | Herbert C Fischer | Grinding wheels with reinforcing elements |
US3276852A (en) | 1962-11-20 | 1966-10-04 | Jerome H Lemelson | Filament-reinforced composite abrasive articles |
US3379543A (en) | 1964-03-27 | 1968-04-23 | Corning Glass Works | Composition and method for making ceramic articles |
US3481723A (en) | 1965-03-02 | 1969-12-02 | Itt | Abrasive grinding wheel |
US3477180A (en) | 1965-06-14 | 1969-11-11 | Norton Co | Reinforced grinding wheels and reinforcement network therefor |
US3454385A (en) | 1965-08-04 | 1969-07-08 | Norton Co | Sintered alpha-alumina and zirconia abrasive product and process |
US3387957A (en) | 1966-04-04 | 1968-06-11 | Carborundum Co | Microcrystalline sintered bauxite abrasive grain |
US3536005A (en) | 1967-10-12 | 1970-10-27 | American Screen Process Equip | Vacuum screen printing method |
US3480395A (en) | 1967-12-05 | 1969-11-25 | Carborundum Co | Method of preparing extruded grains of silicon carbide |
US3491492A (en) | 1968-01-15 | 1970-01-27 | Us Industries Inc | Method of making alumina abrasive grains |
US3615308A (en) | 1968-02-09 | 1971-10-26 | Norton Co | Crystalline abrasive alumina |
US3590799A (en) | 1968-09-03 | 1971-07-06 | Gerszon Gluchowicz | Method of dressing the grinding wheel in a grinding machine |
US3495359A (en) | 1968-10-10 | 1970-02-17 | Norton Co | Core drill |
US3619151A (en) | 1968-10-16 | 1971-11-09 | Landis Tool Co | Phosphate bonded grinding wheel |
US3608134A (en) | 1969-02-10 | 1971-09-28 | Norton Co | Molding apparatus for orienting elongated particles |
US3637360A (en) | 1969-08-26 | 1972-01-25 | Us Industries Inc | Process for making cubical sintered aluminous abrasive grains |
US3608050A (en) | 1969-09-12 | 1971-09-21 | Union Carbide Corp | Production of single crystal sapphire by carefully controlled cooling from a melt of alumina |
US3874856A (en) | 1970-02-09 | 1975-04-01 | Ducommun Inc | Porous composite of abrasive particles in a pyrolytic carbon matrix and the method of making it |
US3670467A (en) | 1970-04-27 | 1972-06-20 | Robert H Walker | Method and apparatus for manufacturing tumbling media |
US3672934A (en) | 1970-05-01 | 1972-06-27 | Du Pont | Method of improving line resolution in screen printing |
US3909991A (en) | 1970-09-22 | 1975-10-07 | Norton Co | Process for making sintered abrasive grains |
US3986885A (en) | 1971-07-06 | 1976-10-19 | Battelle Development Corporation | Flexural strength in fiber-containing concrete |
US3819785A (en) | 1972-02-02 | 1974-06-25 | Western Electric Co | Fine-grain alumina bodies |
US4261706A (en) | 1972-05-15 | 1981-04-14 | Corning Glass Works | Method of manufacturing connected particles of uniform size and shape with a backing |
US3859407A (en) | 1972-05-15 | 1975-01-07 | Corning Glass Works | Method of manufacturing particles of uniform size and shape |
IN142626B (en) | 1973-08-10 | 1977-08-06 | De Beers Ind Diamond | |
US4055451A (en) | 1973-08-31 | 1977-10-25 | Alan Gray Cockbain | Composite materials |
US3950148A (en) | 1973-10-09 | 1976-04-13 | Heijiro Fukuda | Laminated three-layer resinoid wheels having core layer of reinforcing material and method for producing same |
US4004934A (en) | 1973-10-24 | 1977-01-25 | General Electric Company | Sintered dense silicon carbide |
US3940276A (en) | 1973-11-01 | 1976-02-24 | Corning Glass Works | Spinel and aluminum-base metal cermet |
US3960577A (en) | 1974-01-08 | 1976-06-01 | General Electric Company | Dense polycrystalline silicon carbide |
JPS5236637B2 (en) | 1974-03-18 | 1977-09-17 | ||
US4045919A (en) | 1974-05-10 | 1977-09-06 | Seiko Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | High speed grinding spindle |
US3991527A (en) | 1975-07-10 | 1976-11-16 | Bates Abrasive Products, Inc. | Coated abrasive disc |
US4028453A (en) | 1975-10-20 | 1977-06-07 | Lava Crucible Refractories Company | Process for making refractory shapes |
US4073096A (en) | 1975-12-01 | 1978-02-14 | U.S. Industries, Inc. | Process for the manufacture of abrasive material |
US4194887A (en) | 1975-12-01 | 1980-03-25 | U.S. Industries, Inc. | Fused alumina-zirconia abrasive material formed by an immersion process |
US4037367A (en) | 1975-12-22 | 1977-07-26 | Kruse James A | Grinding tool |
DE2725704A1 (en) | 1976-06-11 | 1977-12-22 | Swarovski Tyrolit Schleif | PRODUCTION OF CORUNDUM-CONTAINING GRINDING GRAINS, FOR EXAMPLE FROM ZIRCONIUM CORUNDUM |
JPS5364890A (en) | 1976-11-19 | 1978-06-09 | Toshiba Corp | Method of producing silicon nitride grinding wheel |
US4114322A (en) | 1977-08-02 | 1978-09-19 | Harold Jack Greenspan | Abrasive member |
US4711750A (en) | 1977-12-19 | 1987-12-08 | Norton Company | Abrasive casting process |
JPS5524813A (en) | 1978-08-03 | 1980-02-22 | Showa Denko Kk | Alumina grinding grain |
JPS6016388B2 (en) | 1978-11-04 | 1985-04-25 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Manufacturing method for high-toughness ceramic tools |
US4314827A (en) | 1979-06-29 | 1982-02-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Non-fused aluminum oxide-based abrasive mineral |
DE2935914A1 (en) | 1979-09-06 | 1981-04-02 | Kali-Chemie Ag, 3000 Hannover | METHOD FOR PRODUCING SPHERICAL SHAPED BODIES BASED ON AL (ARROW DOWN) 2 (ARROW DOWN) O (ARROW DOWN) 3 (ARROW DOWN) AND / OR SIO (ARROW DOWN) 2 (ARROW DOWN) |
US4286905A (en) | 1980-04-30 | 1981-09-01 | Ford Motor Company | Method of machining steel, malleable or nodular cast iron |
JPS622946Y2 (en) | 1980-11-13 | 1987-01-23 | ||
US4541842A (en) | 1980-12-29 | 1985-09-17 | Norton Company | Glass bonded abrasive agglomerates |
JPS57121469A (en) | 1981-01-13 | 1982-07-28 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Manufacture of electrodeposition grinder |
US4393021A (en) | 1981-06-09 | 1983-07-12 | Vereinigte Schmirgel Und Maschinen-Fabriken Ag | Method for the manufacture of granular grit for use as abrasives |
EP0078896A2 (en) | 1981-11-10 | 1983-05-18 | Norton Company | Abrasive bodies such as grinding wheels |
JPS5871938U (en) | 1981-11-10 | 1983-05-16 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Electronic clock switch structure |
US4728043A (en) | 1982-02-25 | 1988-03-01 | Norton Company | Mechanical sorting system for crude silicon carbide |
JPS58223564A (en) | 1982-05-10 | 1983-12-26 | Toshiba Corp | Whetstone and method for manufacture thereof |
US4548617A (en) | 1982-08-20 | 1985-10-22 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Abrasive and method for manufacturing the same |
JPS5890466A (en) | 1982-11-04 | 1983-05-30 | Toshiba Corp | Grinding wheel |
US4469758A (en) | 1983-04-04 | 1984-09-04 | Norton Co. | Magnetic recording materials |
JPS606356U (en) | 1983-06-24 | 1985-01-17 | 神田通信工業株式会社 | mobile communication device |
US4505720A (en) | 1983-06-29 | 1985-03-19 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Granular silicon carbide abrasive grain coated with refractory material, method of making the same and articles made therewith |
US4452911A (en) | 1983-08-10 | 1984-06-05 | Hri, Inc. | Frangible catalyst pretreatment method for use in hydrocarbon hydrodemetallization process |
US4457767A (en) | 1983-09-29 | 1984-07-03 | Norton Company | Alumina-zirconia abrasive |
US5383945A (en) | 1984-01-19 | 1995-01-24 | Norton Company | Abrasive material and method |
US5395407B1 (en) | 1984-01-19 | 1997-08-26 | Norton Co | Abrasive material and method |
NZ210805A (en) | 1984-01-19 | 1988-04-29 | Norton Co | Aluminous abrasive grits or shaped bodies |
US4623364A (en) | 1984-03-23 | 1986-11-18 | Norton Company | Abrasive material and method for preparing the same |
US5227104A (en) | 1984-06-14 | 1993-07-13 | Norton Company | High solids content gels and a process for producing them |
US4570048A (en) | 1984-06-29 | 1986-02-11 | Plasma Materials, Inc. | Plasma jet torch having gas vortex in its nozzle for arc constriction |
US4963012A (en) | 1984-07-20 | 1990-10-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Passivation coating for flexible substrate mirrors |
CA1288073C (en) | 1985-03-07 | 1991-08-27 | Paul G. Ahlquist | Rna transformation vector |
US4961757A (en) | 1985-03-14 | 1990-10-09 | Advanced Composite Materials Corporation | Reinforced ceramic cutting tools |
CA1254238A (en) | 1985-04-30 | 1989-05-16 | Alvin P. Gerk | Process for durable sol-gel produced alumina-based ceramics, abrasive grain and abrasive products |
US4659341A (en) | 1985-05-23 | 1987-04-21 | Gte Products Corporation | Silicon nitride abrasive frit |
US4678560A (en) | 1985-08-15 | 1987-07-07 | Norton Company | Screening device and process |
US4657754A (en) | 1985-11-21 | 1987-04-14 | Norton Company | Aluminum oxide powders and process |
US4770671A (en) | 1985-12-30 | 1988-09-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive grits formed of ceramic containing oxides of aluminum and yttrium, method of making and using the same and products made therewith |
AT389882B (en) | 1986-06-03 | 1990-02-12 | Treibacher Chemische Werke Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A MICROCRYSTALLINE ABRASIVE MATERIAL |
DE3705540A1 (en) | 1986-06-13 | 1987-12-17 | Ruetgerswerke Ag | HIGH TEMPERATURE RESISTANT MOLDS |
JPH0753604B2 (en) | 1986-09-03 | 1995-06-07 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Silicon Carbide Composite Ceramics |
US5053367A (en) | 1986-09-16 | 1991-10-01 | Lanxide Technology Company, Lp | Composite ceramic structures |
US4832706A (en) | 1986-09-24 | 1989-05-23 | International Limited | Abrasive media |
US5180630A (en) | 1986-10-14 | 1993-01-19 | American Cyanamid Company | Fibrillated fibers and articles made therefrom |
US5024795A (en) | 1986-12-22 | 1991-06-18 | Lanxide Technology Company, Lp | Method of making shaped ceramic composites |
US4876226A (en) | 1987-01-12 | 1989-10-24 | Fuentes Ricardo I | Silicon carbide sintering |
US4829027A (en) | 1987-01-12 | 1989-05-09 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Liquid phase sintering of silicon carbide |
GB8701553D0 (en) | 1987-01-24 | 1987-02-25 | Interface Developments Ltd | Abrasive article |
US4799939A (en) | 1987-02-26 | 1989-01-24 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Erodable agglomerates and abrasive products containing the same |
US5244849A (en) | 1987-05-06 | 1993-09-14 | Coors Porcelain Company | Method for producing transparent polycrystalline body with high ultraviolet transmittance |
US4960441A (en) | 1987-05-11 | 1990-10-02 | Norton Company | Sintered alumina-zirconia ceramic bodies |
US4881951A (en) | 1987-05-27 | 1989-11-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co. | Abrasive grits formed of ceramic containing oxides of aluminum and rare earth metal, method of making and products made therewith |
US5312789A (en) | 1987-05-27 | 1994-05-17 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive grits formed of ceramic, impregnation method of making the same and products made therewith |
AU604899B2 (en) | 1987-05-27 | 1991-01-03 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive grits formed of ceramic, impregnation method of making the same and products made therewith |
US4954462A (en) | 1987-06-05 | 1990-09-04 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Microcrystalline alumina-based ceramic articles |
US5185299A (en) | 1987-06-05 | 1993-02-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Microcrystalline alumina-based ceramic articles |
US4858527A (en) | 1987-07-22 | 1989-08-22 | Masanao Ozeki | Screen printer with screen length and snap-off angle control |
US4797139A (en) | 1987-08-11 | 1989-01-10 | Norton Company | Boehmite produced by a seeded hydyothermal process and ceramic bodies produced therefrom |
US5376598A (en) | 1987-10-08 | 1994-12-27 | The Boeing Company | Fiber reinforced ceramic matrix laminate |
US4848041A (en) | 1987-11-23 | 1989-07-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive grains in the shape of platelets |
US4797269A (en) | 1988-02-08 | 1989-01-10 | Norton Company | Production of beta alumina by seeding and beta alumina produced thereby |
US4930266A (en) | 1988-02-26 | 1990-06-05 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive sheeting having individually positioned abrasive granules |
US4917852A (en) | 1988-04-29 | 1990-04-17 | Norton Company | Method and apparatus for rapid solidification |
US5076991A (en) | 1988-04-29 | 1991-12-31 | Norton Company | Method and apparatus for rapid solidification |
US4942011A (en) | 1988-05-03 | 1990-07-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for preparing silicon carbide fibers |
EP0347162A3 (en) | 1988-06-14 | 1990-09-12 | Tektronix, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for controlling data flow processes by generated instruction sequences |
CH675250A5 (en) | 1988-06-17 | 1990-09-14 | Lonza Ag | |
JP2601333B2 (en) | 1988-10-05 | 1997-04-16 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | Composite whetstone and method of manufacturing the same |
US5011508A (en) | 1988-10-14 | 1991-04-30 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Shelling-resistant abrasive grain, a method of making the same, and abrasive products |
US5053369A (en) | 1988-11-02 | 1991-10-01 | Treibacher Chemische Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Sintered microcrystalline ceramic material |
US4964883A (en) | 1988-12-12 | 1990-10-23 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Ceramic alumina abrasive grains seeded with iron oxide |
US5098740A (en) | 1989-12-13 | 1992-03-24 | Norton Company | Uniformly-coated ceramic particles |
US5190568B1 (en) | 1989-01-30 | 1996-03-12 | Ultimate Abrasive Syst Inc | Abrasive tool with contoured surface |
US5108963A (en) | 1989-02-01 | 1992-04-28 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Silicon carbide whisker reinforced alumina ceramic composites |
EP0381524B1 (en) | 1989-02-02 | 1995-05-10 | Sumitomo Special Metals Company Limited | Method of manufacturing transparent high density ceramic material |
US5123935A (en) | 1989-02-22 | 1992-06-23 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Al2 o3 composites, process for producing them and throw-away tip made of al2 o3 composites |
US5224970A (en) | 1989-03-01 | 1993-07-06 | Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. | Abrasive material |
YU32490A (en) | 1989-03-13 | 1991-10-31 | Lonza Ag | Hydrophobic layered grinding particles |
JPH0320317A (en) | 1989-03-14 | 1991-01-29 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | Production of fine amino resin particle having narrow particle diameter distribution |
US5094986A (en) | 1989-04-11 | 1992-03-10 | Hercules Incorporated | Wear resistant ceramic with a high alpha-content silicon nitride phase |
US5035723A (en) | 1989-04-28 | 1991-07-30 | Norton Company | Bonded abrasive products containing sintered sol gel alumina abrasive filaments |
US4970057A (en) | 1989-04-28 | 1990-11-13 | Norton Company | Silicon nitride vacuum furnace process |
US5009676A (en) | 1989-04-28 | 1991-04-23 | Norton Company | Sintered sol gel alumina abrasive filaments |
US5244477A (en) | 1989-04-28 | 1993-09-14 | Norton Company | Sintered sol gel alumina abrasive filaments |
US5103598A (en) | 1989-04-28 | 1992-04-14 | Norton Company | Coated abrasive material containing abrasive filaments |
US5014468A (en) | 1989-05-05 | 1991-05-14 | Norton Company | Patterned coated abrasive for fine surface finishing |
JPH078474B2 (en) | 1989-08-22 | 1995-02-01 | 瑞穂研磨砥石株式会社 | Carbide abrasive wheel for high speed grinding |
US5431967A (en) | 1989-09-05 | 1995-07-11 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Selective laser sintering using nanocomposite materials |
US4997461A (en) | 1989-09-11 | 1991-03-05 | Norton Company | Nitrified bonded sol gel sintered aluminous abrasive bodies |
DK0432907T3 (en) | 1989-11-22 | 1995-07-10 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Improved pasta compositions |
JPH03194269A (en) | 1989-12-20 | 1991-08-23 | Seiko Electronic Components Ltd | All-metal diaphragm valve |
US5081082A (en) | 1990-01-17 | 1992-01-14 | Korean Institute Of Machinery And Metals | Production of alumina ceramics reinforced with β'"-alumina |
US5049166A (en) | 1990-02-27 | 1991-09-17 | Washington Mills Ceramics Corporation | Light weight abrasive tumbling media and method of making same |
CA2036247A1 (en) | 1990-03-29 | 1991-09-30 | Jeffrey L. Berger | Nonwoven surface finishing articles reinforced with a polymer backing layer and method of making same |
JP2779252B2 (en) | 1990-04-04 | 1998-07-23 | 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド | Silicon nitride sintered abrasive and its manufacturing method |
US5085671A (en) | 1990-05-02 | 1992-02-04 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method of coating alumina particles with refractory material, abrasive particles made by the method and abrasive products containing the same |
US5129919A (en) | 1990-05-02 | 1992-07-14 | Norton Company | Bonded abrasive products containing sintered sol gel alumina abrasive filaments |
US5035724A (en) | 1990-05-09 | 1991-07-30 | Norton Company | Sol-gel alumina shaped bodies |
CA2083693C (en) | 1990-05-25 | 2002-01-01 | Alfred Edward Ringwood | Abrasive compact of cubic boron nitride and method of making same |
US7022179B1 (en) | 1990-06-19 | 2006-04-04 | Dry Carolyn M | Self-repairing, reinforced matrix materials |
JP3094300B2 (en) | 1990-06-29 | 2000-10-03 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Thermal transfer recording device |
US5139978A (en) | 1990-07-16 | 1992-08-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Impregnation method for transformation of transition alumina to a alpha alumina |
US5219806A (en) | 1990-07-16 | 1993-06-15 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Alpha phase seeding of transition alumina using chromium oxide-based nucleating agents |
CA2043261A1 (en) | 1990-10-09 | 1992-04-10 | Muni S. Ramakrishnan | Dry grinding wheel |
US5078753A (en) | 1990-10-09 | 1992-01-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Coated abrasive containing erodable agglomerates |
US5114438A (en) | 1990-10-29 | 1992-05-19 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Abrasive article |
US5132984A (en) | 1990-11-01 | 1992-07-21 | Norton Company | Segmented electric furnace |
US5090968A (en) | 1991-01-08 | 1992-02-25 | Norton Company | Process for the manufacture of filamentary abrasive particles |
JP3227703B2 (en) | 1991-02-04 | 2001-11-12 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Hydrophilic ink channel |
US5152917B1 (en) | 1991-02-06 | 1998-01-13 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Structured abrasive article |
US5236472A (en) | 1991-02-22 | 1993-08-17 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive product having a binder comprising an aminoplast binder |
US5120327A (en) | 1991-03-05 | 1992-06-09 | Diamant-Boart Stratabit (Usa) Inc. | Cutting composite formed of cemented carbide substrate and diamond layer |
US5131926A (en) | 1991-03-15 | 1992-07-21 | Norton Company | Vitrified bonded finely milled sol gel aluminous bodies |
US5178849A (en) | 1991-03-22 | 1993-01-12 | Norton Company | Process for manufacturing alpha alumina from dispersible boehmite |
US5160509A (en) | 1991-05-22 | 1992-11-03 | Norton Company | Self-bonded ceramic abrasive wheels |
US5221294A (en) | 1991-05-22 | 1993-06-22 | Norton Company | Process of producing self-bonded ceramic abrasive wheels |
US5641469A (en) | 1991-05-28 | 1997-06-24 | Norton Company | Production of alpha alumina |
US5817204A (en) | 1991-06-10 | 1998-10-06 | Ultimate Abrasive Systems, L.L.C. | Method for making patterned abrasive material |
US5273558A (en) | 1991-08-30 | 1993-12-28 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive composition and articles incorporating same |
US5203886A (en) | 1991-08-12 | 1993-04-20 | Norton Company | High porosity vitrified bonded grinding wheels |
US5316812A (en) | 1991-12-20 | 1994-05-31 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Coated abrasive backing |
ATE176883T1 (en) | 1991-12-20 | 1999-03-15 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | COVERED ABRASIVE BELT WITH ENDLESS, BAND-FREE BACKING AND MANUFACTURING METHOD |
US5219462A (en) | 1992-01-13 | 1993-06-15 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive article having abrasive composite members positioned in recesses |
US5437754A (en) | 1992-01-13 | 1995-08-01 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive article having precise lateral spacing between abrasive composite members |
AU650382B2 (en) | 1992-02-05 | 1994-06-16 | Norton Company | Nano-sized alpha alumina particles |
US6258137B1 (en) | 1992-02-05 | 2001-07-10 | Saint-Gobain Industrial Ceramics, Inc. | CMP products |
US5215552A (en) | 1992-02-26 | 1993-06-01 | Norton Company | Sol-gel alumina abrasive grain |
US5282875A (en) | 1992-03-18 | 1994-02-01 | Cincinnati Milacron Inc. | High density sol-gel alumina-based abrasive vitreous bonded grinding wheel |
JPH05285833A (en) | 1992-04-14 | 1993-11-02 | Nippon Steel Corp | Dresser for grinding wheel |
KR100277320B1 (en) | 1992-06-03 | 2001-01-15 | 가나이 쓰도무 | Rolling mill and rolling method with on-line roll grinding device and grinding wheel |
JPH05338370A (en) | 1992-06-10 | 1993-12-21 | Dainippon Screen Mfg Co Ltd | Metal mask plate for screen printing |
JPH06773A (en) | 1992-06-22 | 1994-01-11 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Manufacture of abrasive tape |
CA2099734A1 (en) | 1992-07-01 | 1994-01-02 | Akihiko Takahashi | Process for preparing polyhedral alpha-alumina particles |
US5201916A (en) | 1992-07-23 | 1993-04-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Shaped abrasive particles and method of making same |
BR9306765A (en) | 1992-07-23 | 1998-12-08 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Process for the preparation of an abrasive particle and abrasive article |
US5366523A (en) | 1992-07-23 | 1994-11-22 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive article containing shaped abrasive particles |
RU95105160A (en) | 1992-07-23 | 1997-01-10 | Миннесота Майнинг энд Мануфакчуринг Компани (US) | Method of preparing abrasive particles, abrasive articles and articles with abrasive coating |
US5304331A (en) | 1992-07-23 | 1994-04-19 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method and apparatus for extruding bingham plastic-type materials |
JP3160084B2 (en) | 1992-07-24 | 2001-04-23 | 株式会社ムラカミ | Manufacturing method of metal mask for screen printing |
ATE134694T1 (en) | 1992-07-28 | 1996-03-15 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | ABRASIVE GRAIN, PROCESS OF PRODUCTION AND ABRASIVE PRODUCTS |
US5213591A (en) | 1992-07-28 | 1993-05-25 | Ahmet Celikkaya | Abrasive grain, method of making same and abrasive products |
US5312791A (en) | 1992-08-21 | 1994-05-17 | Saint Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corp. | Process for the preparation of ceramic flakes, fibers, and grains from ceramic sols |
BR9307112A (en) | 1992-09-25 | 1999-03-30 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Process for preparing abrasive grain material abrasive grain and abrasive article |
CA2142466A1 (en) | 1992-09-25 | 1994-04-14 | Henry A. Larmie | Abrasive grain including rare earth oxide therin |
WO1994007812A1 (en) | 1992-10-01 | 1994-04-14 | Nihon Cement Co., Ltd. | Sintered oxide ceramics and method of making said ceramics |
JPH06114739A (en) | 1992-10-09 | 1994-04-26 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Electrodeposition grinding wheel |
US5435816A (en) | 1993-01-14 | 1995-07-25 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method of making an abrasive article |
CA2114571A1 (en) | 1993-02-04 | 1994-08-05 | Franciscus Van Dijen | Silicon carbide sintered abrasive grain and process for producing same |
US5277702A (en) | 1993-03-08 | 1994-01-11 | St. Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corp. | Plately alumina |
CA2115889A1 (en) | 1993-03-18 | 1994-09-19 | David E. Broberg | Coated abrasive article having diluent particles and shaped abrasive particles |
CH685051A5 (en) | 1993-04-15 | 1995-03-15 | Lonza Ag | Silicon nitride sintered abrasive grain and process for its production |
US5441549A (en) | 1993-04-19 | 1995-08-15 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive articles comprising a grinding aid dispersed in a polymeric blend binder |
EP0702615B1 (en) | 1993-06-17 | 1997-10-22 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Patterned abrading articles and methods making and using same |
US5681612A (en) | 1993-06-17 | 1997-10-28 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Coated abrasives and methods of preparation |
US5549962A (en) | 1993-06-30 | 1996-08-27 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Precisely shaped particles and method of making the same |
AU7360194A (en) | 1993-07-22 | 1995-02-20 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corporation | Silicon carbide grain |
US5300130A (en) | 1993-07-26 | 1994-04-05 | Saint Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corp. | Polishing material |
HU215748B (en) | 1993-07-27 | 1999-02-01 | Sumitomo Chemical Co. | Alumina composition, alumina molded article, alumina ceramics process for producing ceramics and using alumina-oxide particles for oxid-ceramic products |
AU679968B2 (en) | 1993-09-13 | 1997-07-17 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive article, method of manufacture of same, method of using same for finishing, and a production tool |
JP3194269B2 (en) | 1993-09-17 | 2001-07-30 | 旭化成株式会社 | Polishing monofilament |
US5470806A (en) | 1993-09-20 | 1995-11-28 | Krstic; Vladimir D. | Making of sintered silicon carbide bodies |
US5429648A (en) | 1993-09-23 | 1995-07-04 | Norton Company | Process for inducing porosity in an abrasive article |
US5453106A (en) | 1993-10-27 | 1995-09-26 | Roberts; Ellis E. | Oriented particles in hard surfaces |
US5454844A (en) | 1993-10-29 | 1995-10-03 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive article, a process of making same, and a method of using same to finish a workpiece surface |
DE4339031C1 (en) | 1993-11-15 | 1995-01-12 | Treibacher Chemische Werke Ag | Process and device for the production of a corundum-based abrasive |
US5372620A (en) | 1993-12-13 | 1994-12-13 | Saint Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corporation | Modified sol-gel alumina abrasive filaments |
US6136288A (en) | 1993-12-16 | 2000-10-24 | Norton Company | Firing fines |
US5409645A (en) | 1993-12-20 | 1995-04-25 | Saint Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corp. | Molding shaped articles |
US5376602A (en) | 1993-12-23 | 1994-12-27 | The Dow Chemical Company | Low temperature, pressureless sintering of silicon nitride |
JPH0829975B2 (en) | 1993-12-24 | 1996-03-27 | 工業技術院長 | Alumina-based ceramics sintered body |
AU1370595A (en) | 1993-12-28 | 1995-07-17 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Alpha alumina-based abrasive grain having an as sintered outer surface |
US5489204A (en) | 1993-12-28 | 1996-02-06 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Apparatus for sintering abrasive grain |
AU685205B2 (en) | 1993-12-28 | 1998-01-15 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Alpha alumina-based abrasive grain |
US5443603A (en) | 1994-01-11 | 1995-08-22 | Washington Mills Ceramics Corporation | Light weight ceramic abrasive media |
US5505747A (en) | 1994-01-13 | 1996-04-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method of making an abrasive article |
JP2750499B2 (en) | 1994-01-25 | 1998-05-13 | オークマ株式会社 | Method for confirming dressing of superabrasive grindstone in NC grinder |
WO1995020469A1 (en) | 1994-01-28 | 1995-08-03 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Coated abrasive containing erodible agglomerates |
EP0667405B1 (en) | 1994-02-14 | 1998-09-23 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of manufacturing aluminum borate whiskers having a reformed surface based upon gamma alumina |
AU1735295A (en) | 1994-02-22 | 1995-09-04 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method for making an endless coated abrasive article and the product thereof |
US5498268A (en) * | 1994-03-16 | 1996-03-12 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive articles and method of making abrasive articles |
JPH07299708A (en) | 1994-04-26 | 1995-11-14 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Manufacture of silicon nitride system ceramics part |
US5486496A (en) | 1994-06-10 | 1996-01-23 | Alumina Ceramics Co. (Aci) | Graphite-loaded silicon carbide |
US5567251A (en) | 1994-08-01 | 1996-10-22 | Amorphous Alloys Corp. | Amorphous metal/reinforcement composite material |
US5656217A (en) | 1994-09-13 | 1997-08-12 | Advanced Composite Materials Corporation | Pressureless sintering of whisker reinforced alumina composites |
US5759481A (en) | 1994-10-18 | 1998-06-02 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corp. | Silicon nitride having a high tensile strength |
US6054093A (en) | 1994-10-19 | 2000-04-25 | Saint Gobain-Norton Industrial Ceramics Corporation | Screen printing shaped articles |
US5525100A (en) | 1994-11-09 | 1996-06-11 | Norton Company | Abrasive products |
US5527369A (en) | 1994-11-17 | 1996-06-18 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corp. | Modified sol-gel alumina |
US5578095A (en) | 1994-11-21 | 1996-11-26 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Coated abrasive article |
EP0812456B1 (en) | 1995-03-02 | 2000-01-12 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method of texturing a substrate using a structured abrasive article |
JP2671945B2 (en) | 1995-03-03 | 1997-11-05 | 科学技術庁無機材質研究所長 | Superplastic silicon carbide sintered body and method for producing the same |
US5725162A (en) | 1995-04-05 | 1998-03-10 | Saint Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corporation | Firing sol-gel alumina particles |
US5516347A (en) | 1995-04-05 | 1996-05-14 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corp. | Modified alpha alumina particles |
US5736619A (en) | 1995-04-21 | 1998-04-07 | Ameron International Corporation | Phenolic resin compositions with improved impact resistance |
US5567214A (en) | 1995-05-03 | 1996-10-22 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corporation | Process for production of alumina/zirconia materials |
US5582625A (en) | 1995-06-01 | 1996-12-10 | Norton Company | Curl-resistant coated abrasives |
US5571297A (en) | 1995-06-06 | 1996-11-05 | Norton Company | Dual-cure binder system |
JP3260764B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2002-02-25 | サン‐ゴバン アブレイシブズ,インコーポレイティド | Cutting tools with patterned cutting surfaces |
AU708470B2 (en) | 1995-06-20 | 1999-08-05 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Alpha alumina-based abrasive grain containing silica and iron oxide |
US5611829A (en) | 1995-06-20 | 1997-03-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Alpha alumina-based abrasive grain containing silica and iron oxide |
US5645619A (en) | 1995-06-20 | 1997-07-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method of making alpha alumina-based abrasive grain containing silica and iron oxide |
US5593468A (en) | 1995-07-26 | 1997-01-14 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corporation | Sol-gel alumina abrasives |
US5578096A (en) | 1995-08-10 | 1996-11-26 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method for making a spliceless coated abrasive belt and the product thereof |
WO1997006926A1 (en) | 1995-08-11 | 1997-02-27 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method of making a coated abrasive article having multiple abrasive natures |
US5576409B1 (en) | 1995-08-25 | 1998-09-22 | Ici Plc | Internal mold release compositions |
US5683844A (en) | 1995-09-28 | 1997-11-04 | Xerox Corporation | Fibrillated carrier compositions and processes for making and using |
US5975987A (en) | 1995-10-05 | 1999-11-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method and apparatus for knurling a workpiece, method of molding an article with such workpiece, and such molded article |
US5702811A (en) | 1995-10-20 | 1997-12-30 | Ho; Kwok-Lun | High performance abrasive articles containing abrasive grains and nonabrasive composite grains |
CA2189516A1 (en) | 1995-11-06 | 1997-05-07 | Timothy Edward Easler | Sintering alpha silicon carbide powder with multiple sintering aids |
JP2686248B2 (en) | 1995-11-16 | 1997-12-08 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Si3N4 ceramics, Si-based composition for producing the same, and method for producing the same |
US5651925A (en) | 1995-11-29 | 1997-07-29 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corporation | Process for quenching molten ceramic material |
US5578222A (en) | 1995-12-20 | 1996-11-26 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corp. | Reclamation of abrasive grain |
US5669941A (en) | 1996-01-05 | 1997-09-23 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Coated abrasive article |
US5855997A (en) | 1996-02-14 | 1999-01-05 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Laminated ceramic cutting tool |
US5876793A (en) | 1996-02-21 | 1999-03-02 | Ultramet | Fine powders and method for manufacturing |
JP2957492B2 (en) | 1996-03-26 | 1999-10-04 | 合資会社亀井鉄工所 | Work surface grinding method |
US6083622A (en) | 1996-03-27 | 2000-07-04 | Saint-Gobain Industrial Ceramics, Inc. | Firing sol-gel alumina particles |
US5667542A (en) | 1996-05-08 | 1997-09-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Antiloading components for abrasive articles |
US5810587A (en) | 1996-05-13 | 1998-09-22 | Danville Engineering | Friable abrasive media |
US5738697A (en) | 1996-07-26 | 1998-04-14 | Norton Company | High permeability grinding wheels |
US5738696A (en) | 1996-07-26 | 1998-04-14 | Norton Company | Method for making high permeability grinding wheels |
US6080215A (en) | 1996-08-12 | 2000-06-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article and method of making such article |
US6475253B2 (en) | 1996-09-11 | 2002-11-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article and method of making |
US5776214A (en) | 1996-09-18 | 1998-07-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method for making abrasive grain and abrasive articles |
US5893935A (en) | 1997-01-09 | 1999-04-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method for making abrasive grain using impregnation, and abrasive articles |
US5779743A (en) | 1996-09-18 | 1998-07-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method for making abrasive grain and abrasive articles |
US6206942B1 (en) | 1997-01-09 | 2001-03-27 | Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company | Method for making abrasive grain using impregnation, and abrasive articles |
KR20000036182A (en) | 1996-09-18 | 2000-06-26 | 스프레이그 로버트 월터 | Method for making abrasive grain using impregnation, and abrasive articles |
EP0870578A4 (en) | 1996-09-30 | 2002-03-13 | Osaka Diamond Ind | Superabrasive tool and method of its manufacture |
JPH10113875A (en) | 1996-10-08 | 1998-05-06 | Noritake Co Ltd | Super abrasive grain abrasive grindstone |
US5919549A (en) | 1996-11-27 | 1999-07-06 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive articles and method for the manufacture of same |
US5902647A (en) | 1996-12-03 | 1999-05-11 | General Electric Company | Method for protecting passage holes in a metal-based substrate from becoming obstructed, and related compositions |
US5863306A (en) | 1997-01-07 | 1999-01-26 | Norton Company | Production of patterned abrasive surfaces |
US7124753B2 (en) | 1997-04-04 | 2006-10-24 | Chien-Min Sung | Brazed diamond tools and methods for making the same |
US6524681B1 (en) | 1997-04-08 | 2003-02-25 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Patterned surface friction materials, clutch plate members and methods of making and using same |
US6537140B1 (en) | 1997-05-14 | 2003-03-25 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company | Patterned abrasive tools |
JPH10315142A (en) | 1997-05-19 | 1998-12-02 | Japan Vilene Co Ltd | Polishing sheet |
JPH10330734A (en) | 1997-06-03 | 1998-12-15 | Noritake Co Ltd | Silicon carbide composited silicon nitride abrasive and its preparation |
US5885311A (en) | 1997-06-05 | 1999-03-23 | Norton Company | Abrasive products |
US5908477A (en) | 1997-06-24 | 1999-06-01 | Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company | Abrasive articles including an antiloading composition |
US6024824A (en) | 1997-07-17 | 2000-02-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making articles in sheet form, particularly abrasive articles |
US5876470A (en) | 1997-08-01 | 1999-03-02 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive articles comprising a blend of abrasive particles |
US5946991A (en) | 1997-09-03 | 1999-09-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for knurling a workpiece |
US5942015A (en) | 1997-09-16 | 1999-08-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive slurries and abrasive articles comprising multiple abrasive particle grades |
US6027326A (en) | 1997-10-28 | 2000-02-22 | Sandia Corporation | Freeforming objects with low-binder slurry |
US6401795B1 (en) | 1997-10-28 | 2002-06-11 | Sandia Corporation | Method for freeforming objects with low-binder slurry |
US6039775A (en) | 1997-11-03 | 2000-03-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article containing a grinding aid and method of making the same |
US6696258B1 (en) | 1998-01-20 | 2004-02-24 | Drexel University | Mesoporous materials and methods of making the same |
WO1999038817A1 (en) | 1998-01-28 | 1999-08-05 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method for making abrasive grain using impregnation and abrasive articles |
US5989301A (en) | 1998-02-18 | 1999-11-23 | Saint-Gobain Industrial Ceramics, Inc. | Optical polishing formulation |
US5997597A (en) | 1998-02-24 | 1999-12-07 | Norton Company | Abrasive tool with knurled surface |
DE69924169T2 (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 2006-02-02 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Hb | Method and device for drop-shaped application of flowable masses on a conveyor belt |
US6228134B1 (en) | 1998-04-22 | 2001-05-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Extruded alumina-based abrasive grit, abrasive products, and methods |
US6080216A (en) | 1998-04-22 | 2000-06-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Layered alumina-based abrasive grit, abrasive products, and methods |
US6019805A (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2000-02-01 | Norton Company | Abrasive filaments in coated abrasives |
US6016660A (en) | 1998-05-14 | 2000-01-25 | Saint-Gobain Industrial Ceramics, Inc. | Cryo-sedimentation process |
US6053956A (en) | 1998-05-19 | 2000-04-25 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for making abrasive grain using impregnation and abrasive articles |
US6261682B1 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 2001-07-17 | 3M Innovative Properties | Abrasive articles including an antiloading composition |
JP2000091280A (en) | 1998-09-16 | 2000-03-31 | Toshiba Corp | Semiconductor polishing apparatus and polishing of semiconductor substrate |
US6283997B1 (en) | 1998-11-13 | 2001-09-04 | The Trustees Of Princeton University | Controlled architecture ceramic composites by stereolithography |
US6179887B1 (en) | 1999-02-17 | 2001-01-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for making an abrasive article and abrasive articles thereof |
JP2000336344A (en) | 1999-03-23 | 2000-12-05 | Seimi Chem Co Ltd | Abrasive |
KR20010113890A (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2001-12-28 | 캐롤린 에이. 베이츠 | Method for grinding glass |
US6331343B1 (en) | 1999-05-07 | 2001-12-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Films having a fibrillated surface and method of making |
DE19925588A1 (en) | 1999-06-04 | 2000-12-07 | Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt | Thread for connecting fibers of a semifinished fiber product and semifinished fiber product, and method for producing fiber composite materials |
US6238450B1 (en) | 1999-06-16 | 2001-05-29 | Saint-Gobain Industrial Ceramics, Inc. | Ceria powder |
US6391812B1 (en) | 1999-06-23 | 2002-05-21 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Silicon nitride sintered body and method of producing the same |
EP1200532B1 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2006-08-30 | Cabot Microelectronics Corporation | Cmp composition containing silane modified abrasive particles |
US6319108B1 (en) | 1999-07-09 | 2001-11-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Metal bond abrasive article comprising porous ceramic abrasive composites and method of using same to abrade a workpiece |
DE19933194A1 (en) | 1999-07-15 | 2001-01-18 | Kempten Elektroschmelz Gmbh | Liquid phase sintered SiC moldings with improved fracture toughness and high electrical resistance and process for their production |
TW550141B (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2003-09-01 | Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc | Depressed center abrasive wheel assembly and abrasive wheel assembly |
US6110241A (en) | 1999-08-06 | 2000-08-29 | Saint-Gobain Industrial Ceramics, Inc. | Abrasive grain with improved projectability |
FR2797638B1 (en) | 1999-08-20 | 2001-09-21 | Pem Abrasifs Refractaires | ABRASIVE GRAINS FOR GRINDING WHEELS WITH IMPROVED ANCHORING CAPACITY |
US6258141B1 (en) | 1999-08-20 | 2001-07-10 | Saint-Gobain Industrial Ceramics, Inc. | Sol-gel alumina abrasive grain |
US6287353B1 (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2001-09-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive grain, abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the same |
US6277161B1 (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2001-08-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive grain, abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the same |
JP3376334B2 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2003-02-10 | 株式会社 ヤマシタワークス | Abrasive and polishing method using the abrasive |
JP2001162541A (en) | 1999-12-13 | 2001-06-19 | Noritake Co Ltd | Rotary grinding wheel for plunge grinding |
US6096107A (en) | 2000-01-03 | 2000-08-01 | Norton Company | Superabrasive products |
US6596041B2 (en) | 2000-02-02 | 2003-07-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fused AL2O3-MgO-rare earth oxide eutectic abrasive particles, abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the same |
JP4536943B2 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2010-09-01 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Method for producing powder compact |
DE10019184A1 (en) | 2000-04-17 | 2001-10-25 | Treibacher Schleifmittel Gmbh | Production of sintered microcrystalline molded body used as an abrasive body comprises mixing alpha-alumina with a binder and a solvent to form a mixture, extruding the mixture to an extrudate, processing to molded bodies, and sintering |
US6413286B1 (en) | 2000-05-03 | 2002-07-02 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company | Production tool process |
WO2001085393A1 (en) | 2000-05-09 | 2001-11-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Porous abrasive article having ceramic abrasive composites, methods of making, and methods of use |
US6468451B1 (en) | 2000-06-23 | 2002-10-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making a fibrillated article |
US6583080B1 (en) | 2000-07-19 | 2003-06-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fused aluminum oxycarbide/nitride-Al2O3·rare earth oxide eutectic materials |
JP3563017B2 (en) | 2000-07-19 | 2004-09-08 | ロデール・ニッタ株式会社 | Polishing composition, method for producing polishing composition and polishing method |
US6776699B2 (en) | 2000-08-14 | 2004-08-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive pad for CMP |
US6579819B2 (en) | 2000-08-29 | 2003-06-17 | National Institute For Research In Inorganic Materials | Silicon nitride sintered products and processes for their production |
WO2002026482A1 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-04 | Trexel, Inc. | Fiber-filler molded articles |
EP1770141A3 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2008-05-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | A method of making agglomerate abrasive grain |
AU2002211508A1 (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2002-04-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making an agglomerate particles |
US6652361B1 (en) | 2000-10-26 | 2003-11-25 | Ronald Gash | Abrasives distribution method |
EP1201741A1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2002-05-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions |
US20020090901A1 (en) | 2000-11-03 | 2002-07-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Flexible abrasive product and method of making and using the same |
US8062098B2 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2011-11-22 | Duescher Wayne O | High speed flat lapping platen |
US8545583B2 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2013-10-01 | Wayne O. Duescher | Method of forming a flexible abrasive sheet article |
US7632434B2 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2009-12-15 | Wayne O. Duescher | Abrasive agglomerate coated raised island articles |
US8256091B2 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2012-09-04 | Duescher Wayne O | Equal sized spherical beads |
AR032424A1 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2003-11-05 | Procter & Gamble | COATING COMPOSITIONS TO MODIFY SURFACES. |
US6669745B2 (en) | 2001-02-21 | 2003-12-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article with optimally oriented abrasive particles and method of making the same |
US6605128B2 (en) | 2001-03-20 | 2003-08-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article having projections attached to a major surface thereof |
US20030022961A1 (en) | 2001-03-23 | 2003-01-30 | Satoshi Kusaka | Friction material and method of mix-fibrillating fibers |
US20020174935A1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-11-28 | Motorola, Inc. | Methods for manufacturing patterned ceramic green-sheets and multilayered ceramic packages |
US6863596B2 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2005-03-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article |
GB2375725A (en) | 2001-05-26 | 2002-11-27 | Siemens Ag | Blasting metallic surfaces |
US6451076B1 (en) | 2001-06-21 | 2002-09-17 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company | Engineered abrasives |
US6599177B2 (en) | 2001-06-25 | 2003-07-29 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company | Coated abrasives with indicia |
US20030022783A1 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2003-01-30 | Dichiara Robert A. | Oxide based ceramic matrix composites |
RU2004103084A (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2005-06-27 | 3М Инновейтив Пропертиз Компани (US) | MATERIALS BASED ON AL2O3, RARE EARTH OXIDES, ZRO2 AND (OR) HFO2 AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING AND USING THEREOF |
WO2003011784A2 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2003-02-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Ceramic materials, abrasive particles, abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the same |
EP1432660A1 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2004-06-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Alumina-yttria-zirconium oxide/hafnium oxide materials, and methods of making and using the same |
WO2003014251A1 (en) | 2001-08-09 | 2003-02-20 | Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. | Non-magnetic particles having a plate shape and method for production thereof, abrasive material, polishing article and abrasive fluid comprising such particles |
JP2003049158A (en) | 2001-08-09 | 2003-02-21 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | Abrasive particle and abrasive body |
US6762140B2 (en) | 2001-08-20 | 2004-07-13 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Silicon carbide ceramic composition and method of making |
NL1018906C2 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2003-03-11 | Jense Systemen B V | Laser scanner. |
US6593699B2 (en) | 2001-11-07 | 2003-07-15 | Axcelis Technologies, Inc. | Method for molding a polymer surface that reduces particle generation and surface adhesion forces while maintaining a high heat transfer coefficient |
US7081294B2 (en) | 2001-11-19 | 2006-07-25 | Karl-Heinz Schofalvi | Thermal shock resistant ceramic composites |
US6685755B2 (en) | 2001-11-21 | 2004-02-03 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company | Porous abrasive tool and method for making the same |
US6706319B2 (en) | 2001-12-05 | 2004-03-16 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Mixed powder deposition of components for wear, erosion and abrasion resistant applications |
US6878456B2 (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2005-04-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Co. | Polycrystalline translucent alumina-based ceramic material, uses, and methods |
US6949128B2 (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2005-09-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making an abrasive product |
US6949267B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2005-09-27 | Engelhard Corporation | Combinatorial synthesis |
US6833186B2 (en) | 2002-04-10 | 2004-12-21 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Mineral-filled coatings having enhanced abrasion resistance and wear clarity and methods for using the same |
US6811579B1 (en) | 2002-06-14 | 2004-11-02 | Diamond Innovations, Inc. | Abrasive tools with precisely controlled abrasive array and method of fabrication |
US7297170B2 (en) | 2002-07-26 | 2007-11-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of using abrasive product |
US6833014B2 (en) | 2002-07-26 | 2004-12-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive product, method of making and using the same, and apparatus for making the same |
US7044989B2 (en) | 2002-07-26 | 2006-05-16 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive product, method of making and using the same, and apparatus for making the same |
US8056370B2 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2011-11-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making amorphous and ceramics via melt spinning |
US20040115477A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2004-06-17 | Bruce Nesbitt | Coating reinforcing underlayment and method of manufacturing same |
FR2848889B1 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2005-10-21 | Pem Abrasifs Refractaires | ABRASIVE GRAINS BASED ON ALUMINUM AND ZIRCONIUM OXYNITRIDE |
JP2004209624A (en) | 2003-01-07 | 2004-07-29 | Akimichi Koide | Manufacture of abrasive grain-containing fiber and its manufacturing method |
US20040148868A1 (en) | 2003-02-05 | 2004-08-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Methods of making ceramics |
US7811496B2 (en) | 2003-02-05 | 2010-10-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Methods of making ceramic particles |
US7220454B2 (en) | 2003-02-06 | 2007-05-22 | William Marsh Rice University | Production method of high strength polycrystalline ceramic spheres |
US7070908B2 (en) | 2003-04-14 | 2006-07-04 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Feature formation in thick-film inks |
US20040220627A1 (en) | 2003-04-30 | 2004-11-04 | Crespi Ann M. | Complex-shaped ceramic capacitors for implantable cardioverter defibrillators and method of manufacture |
JP2005026593A (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2005-01-27 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Ceramic product, corrosion-resistant member, and method of manufacturing ceramic product |
FR2857660B1 (en) | 2003-07-18 | 2006-03-03 | Snecma Propulsion Solide | THERMOSTRUCTURAL COMPOSITE STRUCTURE HAVING A COMPOSITION GRADIENT AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
CA2538139C (en) * | 2003-08-27 | 2010-10-12 | Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obschestvo Proizvodstvenno-Vnedrenrenchrskoe Predpriyatie "Amulet" | Method for designing an integrated security system for a facility |
US6843815B1 (en) | 2003-09-04 | 2005-01-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Coated abrasive articles and method of abrading |
US7141522B2 (en) | 2003-09-18 | 2006-11-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Ceramics comprising Al2O3, Y2O3, ZrO2 and/or HfO2, and Nb2O5 and/or Ta2O5 and methods of making the same |
US20050064805A1 (en) | 2003-09-23 | 2005-03-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Structured abrasive article |
US20050060941A1 (en) | 2003-09-23 | 2005-03-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article and methods of making the same |
US7300479B2 (en) | 2003-09-23 | 2007-11-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Compositions for abrasive articles |
US7267700B2 (en) | 2003-09-23 | 2007-09-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Structured abrasive with parabolic sides |
US7312274B2 (en) | 2003-11-24 | 2007-12-25 | General Electric Company | Composition and method for use with ceramic matrix composite T-sections |
JP4186810B2 (en) | 2003-12-08 | 2008-11-26 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell manufacturing method and fuel cell |
US20050132655A1 (en) | 2003-12-18 | 2005-06-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making abrasive particles |
US8029338B2 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2011-10-04 | Diamond Innovations, Inc. | Grinding wheel for roll grinding application and method of roll grinding thereof |
WO2005080624A1 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2005-09-01 | Nv Bekaert Sa | Steel wire with metal layer and roughnesses |
US6888360B1 (en) | 2004-02-20 | 2005-05-03 | Research In Motion Limited | Surface mount technology evaluation board having varied board pad characteristics |
US7674706B2 (en) | 2004-04-13 | 2010-03-09 | Fei Company | System for modifying small structures using localized charge transfer mechanism to remove or deposit material |
US7393371B2 (en) | 2004-04-13 | 2008-07-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Nonwoven abrasive articles and methods |
US7297402B2 (en) | 2004-04-15 | 2007-11-20 | Shell Oil Company | Shaped particle having an asymmetrical cross sectional geometry |
BRPI0510534A (en) | 2004-05-03 | 2007-10-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | a shoe for holding an abrasive tape having an abrasive face and an opposite rear face, apparatus for abrasion of an external peripheral surface of a thrust wall, and method for abrasioning a face of a workpiece |
US20050255801A1 (en) | 2004-05-17 | 2005-11-17 | Pollasky Anthony D | Abrasive material and method of forming same |
US7581906B2 (en) | 2004-05-19 | 2009-09-01 | Tdy Industries, Inc. | Al2O3 ceramic tools with diffusion bonding enhanced layer |
US20050266221A1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-12-01 | Panolam Industries International, Inc. | Fiber-reinforced decorative laminate |
US7794557B2 (en) | 2004-06-15 | 2010-09-14 | Inframat Corporation | Tape casting method and tape cast materials |
US7560062B2 (en) | 2004-07-12 | 2009-07-14 | Aspen Aerogels, Inc. | High strength, nanoporous bodies reinforced with fibrous materials |
US20080286590A1 (en) | 2004-08-24 | 2008-11-20 | Albright & Wilson (Australia) Limited | Ceramic and Metallic Components and Methods for Their Production from Flexible Gelled Materials |
GB2417921A (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-15 | Dytech Corp Ltd | A method of fabricating a catalyst carrier |
JP4901184B2 (en) | 2004-11-11 | 2012-03-21 | 株式会社不二製作所 | Abrasive material, method for producing the abrasive material, and blasting method using the abrasive material |
US20060118989A1 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2006-06-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making composite material |
US7666475B2 (en) | 2004-12-14 | 2010-02-23 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Method for forming interphase layers in ceramic matrix composites |
US7169029B2 (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2007-01-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Resilient structured sanding article |
JP2006192540A (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2006-07-27 | Tmp Co Ltd | Polishing film for liquid crystal color filter |
ES2328615T3 (en) | 2005-02-07 | 2009-11-16 | The Procter And Gamble Company | ABRASIVE TOWEL TO TREAT A SURFACE. |
US7875091B2 (en) | 2005-02-22 | 2011-01-25 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Rapid tooling system and methods for manufacturing abrasive articles |
US7524345B2 (en) | 2005-02-22 | 2009-04-28 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Rapid tooling system and methods for manufacturing abrasive articles |
JPWO2006115106A1 (en) | 2005-04-24 | 2008-12-18 | 株式会社プロデュース | Screen printer |
JP4917278B2 (en) | 2005-06-17 | 2012-04-18 | 信越半導体株式会社 | Screen printing plate and screen printing device |
US7906057B2 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2011-03-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Nanostructured article and method of making the same |
US20070020457A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2007-01-25 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Composite particle comprising an abrasive grit |
US7556558B2 (en) | 2005-09-27 | 2009-07-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Shape controlled abrasive article and method |
US7722691B2 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2010-05-25 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive tools having a permeable structure |
US7491251B2 (en) | 2005-10-05 | 2009-02-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making a structured abrasive article |
EP1974422A4 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2011-12-07 | Laser Abrasive Technologies Llc | Method and apparatus for treatment of solid material including hard tissue |
JP2010522776A (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2010-07-08 | エレメント シックス (プロダクション)(プロプライエタリィ) リミテッド | Polycrystalline abrasive molding |
DE102006015014B4 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2008-07-24 | Uibel, Krishna, Dipl.-Ing. | Process for producing three-dimensional ceramic shaped bodies |
US7410413B2 (en) | 2006-04-27 | 2008-08-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Structured abrasive article and method of making and using the same |
US7670679B2 (en) | 2006-05-30 | 2010-03-02 | General Electric Company | Core-shell ceramic particulate and method of making |
US7373887B2 (en) | 2006-07-01 | 2008-05-20 | Jason Stewart Jackson | Expanding projectile |
JP5374810B2 (en) | 2006-07-18 | 2013-12-25 | 株式会社リコー | Screen printing version |
US20080236635A1 (en) | 2006-07-31 | 2008-10-02 | Maximilian Rosenzweig | Steam mop |
WO2008054564A1 (en) | 2006-11-01 | 2008-05-08 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Shaped porous bodies of alpha-alumina and methods for the preparation thereof |
EP2092155B1 (en) | 2006-11-30 | 2017-05-03 | Longyear TM, Inc. | Fiber-containing diamond-impregnated cutting tools |
US8083820B2 (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2011-12-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Structured fixed abrasive articles including surface treated nano-ceria filler, and method for making and using the same |
CN101711226A (en) | 2007-01-15 | 2010-05-19 | 圣戈本陶瓷及塑料股份有限公司 | Ceramic particle material and preparation method thereof |
BRPI0806887A8 (en) | 2007-01-23 | 2019-01-02 | Saint Gobain Abrasifs Sa | coated abrasives containing aggregates |
US20080179783A1 (en) | 2007-01-31 | 2008-07-31 | Geo2 Technologies, Inc. | Extruded Fibrous Silicon Carbide Substrate and Methods for Producing the Same |
JP2008194761A (en) | 2007-02-08 | 2008-08-28 | Roki Techno Co Ltd | Grinding sheet and manufacturing method therefor |
DE602007008355D1 (en) | 2007-02-28 | 2010-09-23 | Corning Inc | Process for the production of microfluidic devices |
US7628829B2 (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2009-12-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article and method of making and using the same |
US20080233850A1 (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2008-09-25 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article and method of making and using the same |
DE102007026978A1 (en) | 2007-06-06 | 2008-12-11 | Thieme Gmbh & Co. Kg | Process and device for printing on solar cells by screen printing |
US20090017736A1 (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2009-01-15 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Single-use edging wheel for finishing glass |
US8038750B2 (en) | 2007-07-13 | 2011-10-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Structured abrasive with overlayer, and method of making and using the same |
WO2009013713A2 (en) | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-29 | Element Six (Production) (Pty) Ltd | Abrasive compact |
JP5291307B2 (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2013-09-18 | 株式会社不二製作所 | Manufacturing method of metal mask for screen printing |
CN101376234B (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2013-05-29 | 侯家祥 | Ordered arrangement method for abrading agent granule on abrading tool and abrading tool |
US8258251B2 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2012-09-04 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Highly porous ceramic oxide aerogels having improved flexibility |
US8080073B2 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2011-12-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article having a plurality of precisely-shaped abrasive composites |
BRPI0821437B1 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2019-01-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | method of manufacturing a plurality of abrasive shards and abrasive article |
US8123828B2 (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2012-02-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making abrasive shards, shaped abrasive particles with an opening, or dish-shaped abrasive particles |
EP2284528A1 (en) | 2008-01-18 | 2011-02-16 | Lifescan Scotland Limited | Method of manufacturing test strip lots having a predetermined calibration characteristic and system comprising such a test strip |
JP5527937B2 (en) | 2008-03-26 | 2014-06-25 | 京セラ株式会社 | Silicon nitride sintered body |
EP2364241A4 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2013-12-11 | Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc | Hydrophilic and hydrophobic silane surface modification of abrasive grains |
EP2293872A1 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2011-03-16 | Dow Technology Investments LLC | Porous body precursors, shaped porous bodies, processes for making them, and end-use products based upon the same |
US8481438B2 (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2013-07-09 | Washington Mills Management, Inc. | Very low packing density ceramic abrasive grits and methods of producing and using the same |
JP5475761B2 (en) | 2008-06-20 | 2014-04-16 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | Polymer mold |
JP2010012530A (en) | 2008-07-01 | 2010-01-21 | Showa Denko Kk | Polishing tape, its manufacturing method and burnishing method |
CN102076462B (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2013-01-16 | 圣戈班磨料磨具有限公司 | Abrasive slicing tool for electronics industry |
KR101602001B1 (en) | 2008-08-28 | 2016-03-17 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 | Structured abrasive article, method of making the same, and use in wafer planarization |
US8927101B2 (en) | 2008-09-16 | 2015-01-06 | Diamond Innovations, Inc | Abrasive particles having a unique morphology |
SI2174717T1 (en) | 2008-10-09 | 2020-08-31 | Imertech Sas | Grinding method |
US10137556B2 (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2018-11-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Shaped abrasive particles with low roundness factor |
US8142532B2 (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2012-03-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Shaped abrasive particles with an opening |
US8142531B2 (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2012-03-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Shaped abrasive particles with a sloping sidewall |
US8764865B2 (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2014-07-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Shaped abrasive particles with grooves |
EP2384260B1 (en) | 2008-12-30 | 2018-07-04 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Reinforced bonded abrasive tools |
EP2374589B1 (en) | 2009-01-06 | 2014-02-12 | NGK Insulators, Ltd. | Moulding die and method for producing a moulding using said moulding die |
SE532851C2 (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2010-04-20 | Gsab Glasmaesteribranschens Se | Device for a hinged profile fixable in a carrier profile |
US8628597B2 (en) | 2009-06-25 | 2014-01-14 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of sorting abrasive particles, abrasive particle distributions, and abrasive articles including the same |
WO2010151195A1 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2010-12-29 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Method for manufacturing a pants-type diaper |
WO2011005808A2 (en) | 2009-07-07 | 2011-01-13 | Morgan Advanced Materials And Technology Inc. | Hard non-oxide or oxide ceramic / hard non-oxide or oxide ceramic composite hybrid article |
JP5551568B2 (en) | 2009-11-12 | 2014-07-16 | 日東電工株式会社 | Resin-sealing adhesive tape and method for manufacturing resin-sealed semiconductor device using the same |
CA2775619A1 (en) | 2009-11-23 | 2011-05-26 | Applied Nanostructured Solutions, Llc | Ceramic composite materials containing carbon nanotube-infused fiber materials and methods for production thereof |
EP2507016B1 (en) | 2009-12-02 | 2020-09-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making a coated abrasive article having shaped abrasive particles and resulting product |
US9447311B2 (en) | 2009-12-02 | 2016-09-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Dual tapered shaped abrasive particles |
ES2444618T3 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2014-02-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cleaning and / or liquid washing composition |
MY156375A (en) | 2009-12-31 | 2016-02-15 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc | Ceramic particles with controlled pore and/or microsphere placement and/or size and method of making same |
US9180573B2 (en) | 2010-03-03 | 2015-11-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Bonded abrasive wheel |
CN101944853B (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2013-06-19 | 郁百超 | Green power inverter |
CN102232949A (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2011-11-09 | 孙远 | Drug dissolution increasing composition and preparation method thereof |
US9573250B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2017-02-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Ceramic shaped abrasive particles, methods of making the same, and abrasive articles containing the same |
US8551577B2 (en) | 2010-05-25 | 2013-10-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Layered particle electrostatic deposition process for making a coated abrasive article |
FI20105606A (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2010-11-25 | Kwh Mirka Ab Oy | Abrasive product and method for making such |
PT2588275T (en) | 2010-07-02 | 2018-03-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Coated abrasive articles |
TWI544064B (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2016-08-01 | 聖高拜磨料有限公司 | Bonded abrasive article and method of forming |
WO2012040136A1 (en) | 2010-09-21 | 2012-03-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid cleaning composition |
DE102010047690A1 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2012-04-12 | Vsm-Vereinigte Schmirgel- Und Maschinen-Fabriken Ag | A method of making zirconia reinforced alumina abrasive grains and abrasive grains produced thereby |
US9039797B2 (en) | 2010-11-01 | 2015-05-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Shaped abrasive particles and method of making |
CN103347975A (en) | 2010-12-30 | 2013-10-09 | 圣戈本陶瓷及塑料股份有限公司 | Method of forming shaped abrasive particle |
CN103370174B (en) | 2010-12-31 | 2017-03-29 | 圣戈本陶瓷及塑料股份有限公司 | The forming method of the abrasive grains with given shape and such particle |
EP2675575B1 (en) | 2011-02-16 | 2021-11-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Electrostatic abrasive particle coating apparatus and method |
US9776302B2 (en) | 2011-02-16 | 2017-10-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Coated abrasive article having rotationally aligned formed ceramic abrasive particles and method of making |
US20140080393A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 | 2014-03-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Nonwoven abrasive article containing elastomer bound agglomerates of shaped abrasive grain |
EP2529694B1 (en) | 2011-05-31 | 2017-11-15 | Ivoclar Vivadent AG | Method for generative production of ceramic forms by means of 3D jet printing |
US8703685B2 (en) | 2011-06-20 | 2014-04-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid cleaning and/or cleansing composition comprising polylactic acid abrasives |
EP2537917A1 (en) | 2011-06-20 | 2012-12-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid detergent composition with abrasive particles |
US8852643B2 (en) | 2011-06-20 | 2014-10-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid cleaning and/or cleansing composition |
WO2012177628A1 (en) | 2011-06-20 | 2012-12-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid cleaning and/or cleansing composition |
US20120321567A1 (en) | 2011-06-20 | 2012-12-20 | Denis Alfred Gonzales | Liquid cleaning and/or cleansing composition |
US8840694B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2014-09-23 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Liquid phase sintered silicon carbide abrasive particles |
WO2013003830A2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-03 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive articles including abrasive particles of silicon nitride |
CN104726062B (en) | 2011-07-12 | 2017-09-29 | 3M创新有限公司 | Ceramics forming abrasive particle and forming ceramic precursors particle |
US9038055B2 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2015-05-19 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Using virtual machines to manage software builds |
CN103781595B (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2019-08-27 | 3M创新有限公司 | Bonded abrasive article |
EP2567784B1 (en) | 2011-09-08 | 2019-07-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Co. | Bonded abrasive article |
KR101951506B1 (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2019-02-22 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 | Method of abrading a workpiece |
EP2573156A1 (en) | 2011-09-20 | 2013-03-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid cleaning composition |
EP2573157A1 (en) | 2011-09-20 | 2013-03-27 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Liquid detergent composition with abrasive particles |
JP5802336B2 (en) | 2011-09-26 | 2015-10-28 | サン−ゴバン セラミックス アンド プラスティクス,インコーポレイティド | Abrasive product comprising abrasive particle material, abrasive cloth paper using the abrasive particle material, and forming method |
KR101951978B1 (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2019-02-25 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 | Composite abrasive wheel |
JP5275432B2 (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-08-28 | 株式会社東芝 | Storage medium, host device, memory device, and system |
KR101681526B1 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2016-12-01 | 생-고뱅 세라믹스 앤드 플라스틱스, 인코포레이티드 | Composite shaped abrasive particles and method of forming same |
CA2862453A1 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-04 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Forming shaped abrasive particles |
JP6033886B2 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2016-11-30 | サン−ゴバン セラミックス アンド プラスティクス,インコーポレイティド | Shaped abrasive particles and method for forming the same |
BR112014017050B1 (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2021-05-11 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | molded abrasive particle |
US8840696B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2014-09-23 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
EP2631286A1 (en) | 2012-02-23 | 2013-08-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid cleaning composition |
CN104144797B (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2016-06-22 | 株式会社普利司通 | Tire |
WO2013149209A1 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive products having fibrillated fibers |
BR112014024937B1 (en) | 2012-04-04 | 2021-01-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | ceramic shaped abrasive particle, plurality of abrasive particles, abrasive article and method for producing ceramic shaped abrasive particles |
US9200187B2 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2015-12-01 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
US20130337725A1 (en) | 2012-06-13 | 2013-12-19 | 3M Innovative Property Company | Abrasive particles, abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the same |
EP2866977B8 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2023-01-18 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
RU2620846C2 (en) | 2012-07-06 | 2017-05-30 | 3М Инновейтив Пропертиз Компани | Abrasive material with coating |
EP2692815A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2014-02-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Abrasive grit with concave section |
EP2692813A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2014-02-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Abrasive grit with ridges of varying heights |
EP2692816A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2014-02-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Abrasive grit with flat bodies penetrating each other |
EP2692819A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2014-02-05 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Abrasive grit with base surface and ridges |
EP3170879B1 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2021-09-08 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Abrasive grain with a surface containing at least one base surface with an outer contour having at least seven corners |
EP2692820A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2014-02-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Abrasive grit with base surface, ridge and opening |
EP2692817A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2014-02-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Abrasive grit with panels arranged under an angle |
EP2938691B1 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2022-07-27 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Abrasive grit with concave section |
SG11201500713PA (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2015-02-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Abrasive elements with precisely shaped features, abrasive articles fabricated therefrom and methods of making thereof |
EP2692814A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2014-02-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Abrasive grit comprising first surface without corner and second surface with corner |
EP2692821A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2014-02-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Abrasive grit with base body and top body |
CN104736299A (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2015-06-24 | 3M创新有限公司 | Abrasive articles with precisely shaped features and method of making thereof |
WO2014022453A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2014-02-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive element precursor with precisely shaped features and method of making thereof |
EP2692818A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2014-02-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Abrasive grit with main surfaces and secondary surfaces |
GB201218125D0 (en) | 2012-10-10 | 2012-11-21 | Imerys Minerals Ltd | Method for grinding a particulate inorganic material |
DE102012023688A1 (en) | 2012-10-14 | 2014-04-17 | Dronco Ag | Abrasive grain with geometrically defined shape useful e.g. for producing abrasive wheel comprises three potentially acting cutting edges, and edge defining surface of abrasive grain and additional cutting edge formed in grain surface |
EP2906392A4 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2016-07-13 | Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
ES2577147T3 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2016-07-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid detergent composition with abrasive particles |
JP6550335B2 (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2019-07-24 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | Shaped abrasive particles, method of making the same, and abrasive articles comprising the same |
US20140186585A1 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-03 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive blasting media and methods of forming and using same |
EP2938459B1 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2021-06-16 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Particulate materials and methods of forming same |
DE102013202204A1 (en) | 2013-02-11 | 2014-08-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Grinding element for use in grinding disk for sharpening workpiece, has base body whose one base surface is arranged parallel to another base surface, where former base surface comprises partially concave curved side edge |
WO2014124554A1 (en) | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-21 | Shengguo Wang | Abrasive grain with controlled aspect ratio |
US10625400B2 (en) | 2013-03-04 | 2020-04-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Nonwoven abrasive article containing formed abrasive particles |
KR102313225B1 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2021-10-18 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 | Bonded abrasive article |
EP2978566A4 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2017-01-25 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
EP2981378B1 (en) | 2013-04-05 | 2021-06-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Sintered abrasive particles, method of making the same, and abrasive articles including the same |
WO2014176108A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2014-10-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Coated abrasive belt |
US20140352721A1 (en) | 2013-05-29 | 2014-12-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid cleaning and/or cleansing composition |
EP2808379A1 (en) | 2013-05-29 | 2014-12-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid cleaning and/or cleansing composition |
US20140352722A1 (en) | 2013-05-29 | 2014-12-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid cleaning and/or cleansing composition |
DE102013210158A1 (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Roll-shaped wire brush |
DE102013210716A1 (en) | 2013-06-10 | 2014-12-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for producing abrasive bodies for a grinding tool |
EP3013526A4 (en) | 2013-06-24 | 2017-03-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive particles, method of making abrasive particles, and abrasive articles |
US20140378036A1 (en) | 2013-06-25 | 2014-12-25 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive article and method of making same |
DE102013212528A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Process for producing a steel shaped body |
DE102013212644A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Process for producing an abrasive |
DE102013212598A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Holding device for an abrasive |
DE102014210836A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | grinding unit |
US9969057B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2018-05-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Abrasive means |
DE102013212687A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | grinding element |
DE102013212622A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for applying abrasive elements to at least one base body |
TW201502263A (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2015-01-16 | Saint Gobain Ceramics | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
DE102013212654A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | grinding element |
DE102013212634A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | abrasive |
DE102013212690A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | abrasive grain |
DE102013212666A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Process for producing an abrasive |
DE102013212680A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Abrasive transport device |
DE102013212661A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | abrasive grain |
DE102013212677A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Process for producing an abrasive grain |
DE102013212653A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | grinding element |
TWI527886B (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2016-04-01 | 聖高拜陶器塑膠公司 | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
DE102013212700A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for producing a grinding unit |
DE102013212639A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | grinding tool |
TWI527887B (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2016-04-01 | 聖高拜陶器塑膠公司 | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
EP2821469B1 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2018-03-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid cleaning and/or cleansing composition |
EP2821472B1 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2018-08-29 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Liquid cleaning and/or cleansing composition |
US9878954B2 (en) | 2013-09-13 | 2018-01-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Vacuum glazing pillars for insulated glass units |
AU2014324453B2 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2017-08-03 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
WO2015050781A1 (en) | 2013-10-04 | 2015-04-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Bonded abrasive articles and methods |
WO2015073346A1 (en) | 2013-11-15 | 2015-05-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | An electrically conductive article containing shaped particles and methods of making same |
US10315289B2 (en) | 2013-12-09 | 2019-06-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Conglomerate abrasive particles, abrasive articles including the same, and methods of making the same |
AT515223B1 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2016-06-15 | Tyrolit - Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski K G | Process for the production of abrasives |
AT515229B1 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2016-08-15 | Tyrolit - Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski K G | Process for the production of abrasives |
AT515258B1 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2016-09-15 | Tyrolit - Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski K G | Process for producing abrasive bodies |
PL2941354T3 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2017-07-31 | Klingspor Ag | Abrasive particles and abrasion means with high abrasive power |
EP3083870B1 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2017-11-01 | Klingspor AG | Method for producing multilayer abrasive particles |
EP3086903B1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2019-09-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | A coated abrasive article maker apparatus |
WO2015100020A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2015-07-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making a coated abrasive article |
WO2015100018A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2015-07-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive particle positioning systems and production tools therefor |
JP6290428B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 | 2018-03-07 | サンーゴバン アブレイシブズ,インコーポレイティド | Abrasive articles containing shaped abrasive particles |
WO2015112379A1 (en) | 2014-01-22 | 2015-07-30 | United Technologies Corporation | Apparatuses, systems and methods for aligned abrasive grains |
US9771507B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2017-09-26 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particle including dopant material and method of forming same |
US10155892B2 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2018-12-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive particles, abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the same |
JP6452295B2 (en) | 2014-03-19 | 2019-01-16 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | Polishing pad and glass substrate polishing method |
DE202014101739U1 (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2014-05-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Abrasive grain with knots and extensions |
DE202014101741U1 (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2014-05-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Partially coated abrasive grain |
KR101884178B1 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2018-08-02 | 생-고뱅 세라믹스 앤드 플라스틱스, 인코포레이티드 | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
CN111331524B (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2022-04-29 | 圣戈本陶瓷及塑料股份有限公司 | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
WO2015160857A1 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2015-10-22 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
WO2015158009A1 (en) | 2014-04-19 | 2015-10-22 | Shengguo Wang | Alumina zirconia abrasive grain especially designed for light duty grinding applications |
EP3134227B1 (en) | 2014-04-21 | 2019-09-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive particles and abrasive articles including the same |
JP2017514704A (en) | 2014-05-01 | 2017-06-08 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | Flexible abrasive article and method of use thereof |
US20170051191A1 (en) | 2014-05-02 | 2017-02-23 | Shengguo WANG | Drying, sizing and shaping process to manufacture ceramic abrasive grain |
JP6899219B2 (en) | 2014-05-20 | 2021-07-07 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | Abrasives with different sets of polishing elements |
CN106458623A (en) | 2014-05-25 | 2017-02-22 | 王胜国 | Method and apparatus for producing alumina monohydrate and sol gel abrasive grain |
WO2015184355A1 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2015-12-03 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Method of using an abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
DK3046983T3 (en) | 2014-06-18 | 2020-06-02 | Klingspor Ag | The multi-layer abrasive particles |
US10493596B2 (en) | 2014-08-21 | 2019-12-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Coated abrasive article with multiplexed structures of abrasive particles and method of making |
KR102442945B1 (en) | 2014-09-15 | 2022-09-14 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 | Methods of making abrasive articles and bonded abrasive wheel preparable thereby |
WO2016064726A1 (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2016-04-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive preforms, method of making an abrasive article, and bonded abrasive article |
EP3227054A4 (en) | 2014-12-04 | 2018-08-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive belt with angled shaped abrasive particles |
US9914864B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2018-03-13 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particles and method of forming same |
US9707529B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2017-07-18 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Composite shaped abrasive particles and method of forming same |
US20160177152A1 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2016-06-23 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particle and method of forming same |
US9676981B2 (en) | 2014-12-24 | 2017-06-13 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particle fractions and method of forming same |
EP3277463B1 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2019-12-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Coated abrasive article and method of making the same |
CN107636109A (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2018-01-26 | 圣戈班磨料磨具有限公司 | Fixed abrasive articles and its forming method |
TWI634200B (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2018-09-01 | 聖高拜磨料有限公司 | Fixed abrasive articles and methods of forming same |
WO2016167967A1 (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2016-10-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Nonwoven abrasive article and method of making the same |
TWI609742B (en) | 2015-04-20 | 2018-01-01 | 中國砂輪企業股份有限公司 | Grinding tool |
TWI603813B (en) | 2015-04-20 | 2017-11-01 | 中國砂輪企業股份有限公司 | Grinding tool and method of manufacturing the same |
TWI621590B (en) | 2015-05-21 | 2018-04-21 | 聖高拜陶器塑膠公司 | Abrasive particles and method of forming same |
EP3304581B1 (en) | 2015-06-02 | 2022-09-14 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of transferring particles to a substrate |
US10245703B2 (en) | 2015-06-02 | 2019-04-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Latterally-stretched netting bearing abrasive particles, and method for making |
PL3307483T3 (en) | 2015-06-11 | 2020-11-16 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics&Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US10603766B2 (en) | 2015-06-19 | 2020-03-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article with abrasive particles having random rotational orientation within a range |
JP6913637B2 (en) | 2015-06-19 | 2021-08-04 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | Systems and methods for manufacturing polished articles |
US20180104793A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2018-04-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Vitreous bond abrasive articles and methods of making the same |
EP3319757B1 (en) | 2015-07-08 | 2020-09-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Systems and methods for making abrasive articles |
US10773360B2 (en) | 2015-07-08 | 2020-09-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Systems and methods for making abrasive articles |
US20180236637A1 (en) | 2015-10-07 | 2018-08-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Epoxy-functional silane coupling agents, surface-modified abrasive particles, and bonded abrasive articles |
US9849563B2 (en) | 2015-11-05 | 2017-12-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article and method of making the same |
JP6983155B2 (en) | 2015-11-13 | 2021-12-17 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | Bonded polished article and its manufacturing method |
US10350642B2 (en) | 2015-11-13 | 2019-07-16 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of shape sorting crushed abrasive particles |
KR20180120711A (en) | 2016-03-03 | 2018-11-06 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 | Center recessed grinding wheel |
JP7008474B2 (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2022-01-25 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | Plasma etching method |
-
2013
- 2013-05-23 US US13/901,362 patent/US9200187B2/en active Active
- 2013-05-23 KR KR1020167034234A patent/KR101813466B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-05-23 CN CN201380034260.4A patent/CN104540639B/en active Active
- 2013-05-23 CN CN201910007456.3A patent/CN110013795A/en active Pending
- 2013-05-23 KR KR1020187022647A patent/KR101996215B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-05-23 WO PCT/US2013/042502 patent/WO2013177446A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-05-23 KR KR1020207037353A patent/KR102360055B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-05-23 BR BR112014029317-1A patent/BR112014029317B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-05-23 KR KR1020147034914A patent/KR20150020199A/en active Search and Examination
- 2013-05-23 KR KR1020197018691A patent/KR102197361B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-05-23 KR KR1020177036955A patent/KR101888347B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-05-23 KR KR1020227003702A patent/KR102534897B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-05-23 EP EP20216595.7A patent/EP3834988B1/en active Active
- 2013-05-23 IN IN10170DEN2014 patent/IN2014DN10170A/en unknown
- 2013-05-23 EP EP13794295.9A patent/EP2852473B1/en active Active
- 2013-05-23 PL PL13794295T patent/PL2852473T3/en unknown
-
2015
- 2015-10-28 US US14/925,191 patent/US9428681B2/en active Active
-
2016
- 2016-07-19 US US15/213,758 patent/US9688893B2/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-05-11 US US15/592,430 patent/US10000676B2/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-05-09 US US15/975,549 patent/US20180327644A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050022457A1 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2005-02-03 | Zheng Chen | Abrasive particles having coatings with tortuous surface topography |
US20100151195A1 (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2010-06-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Dish-shaped abrasive particles with a recessed surface |
US20110146509A1 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Transfer assisted screen printing method of making shaped abrasive particles and the resulting shaped abrasive particles |
WO2012018903A2 (en) * | 2010-08-04 | 2012-02-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Intersecting plate shaped abrasive particles |
WO2012061033A2 (en) * | 2010-11-01 | 2012-05-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Laser method for making shaped ceramic abrasive particles, shaped ceramic abrasive particles, and abrasive articles |
Cited By (81)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9017439B2 (en) | 2010-12-31 | 2015-04-28 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
US9303196B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2016-04-05 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Liquid phase sintered silicon carbide abrasive particles |
US8986409B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2015-03-24 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive articles including abrasive particles of silicon nitride |
US9598620B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2017-03-21 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive articles including abrasive particles of silicon nitride |
US9517546B2 (en) | 2011-09-26 | 2016-12-13 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive articles including abrasive particulate materials, coated abrasives using the abrasive particulate materials and methods of forming |
US10280350B2 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2019-05-07 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Composite shaped abrasive particles and method of forming same |
US11453811B2 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2022-09-27 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particle and method of forming same |
US9765249B2 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2017-09-19 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particle and method of forming same |
US8840695B2 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2014-09-23 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particle and method of forming same |
US10428255B2 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2019-10-01 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particle and method of forming same |
US10364383B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2019-07-30 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles having complex shapes and methods of forming same |
US9676980B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2017-06-13 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
US9771506B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2017-09-26 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles having complex shapes and methods of forming same |
US11649388B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2023-05-16 | Saint-Gobain Cermaics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles having complex shapes and methods of forming same |
US9238768B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2016-01-19 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles having complex shapes and methods of forming same |
US9567505B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2017-02-14 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles having complex shapes and methods of forming same |
US11859120B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2024-01-02 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles having an elongated body comprising a twist along an axis of the body |
US11142673B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2021-10-12 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles having complex shapes and methods of forming same |
US10106715B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2018-10-23 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles having complex shapes and methods of forming same |
US9242346B2 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2016-01-26 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive products having fibrillated fibers |
US10000676B2 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2018-06-19 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
US9200187B2 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2015-12-01 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
US9688893B2 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2017-06-27 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
US9428681B2 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2016-08-30 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
US10106714B2 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2018-10-23 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
US10286523B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2019-05-14 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
US11154964B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2021-10-26 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
US9440332B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2016-09-13 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
US11148254B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2021-10-19 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
EP2938458A4 (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2016-09-28 | Saint Gobain Ceramics & Plastics Inc | Abrasive blasting media and methods of forming and using same |
US9676982B2 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2017-06-13 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Particulate materials and methods of forming same |
US9074119B2 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2015-07-07 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Particulate materials and methods of forming same |
US10179391B2 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2019-01-15 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
US10668598B2 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2020-06-02 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc./Saint-Gobain Abrasifs | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
US11590632B2 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2023-02-28 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
US9457453B2 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2016-10-04 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc./Saint-Gobain Abrasifs | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
EP3013525B1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2022-03-02 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US9604346B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2017-03-28 | Saint-Gobain Cermaics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US10563106B2 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2020-02-18 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
US9783718B2 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2017-10-10 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
US11091678B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 | 2021-08-17 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US9566689B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 | 2017-02-14 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US9771507B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2017-09-26 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particle including dopant material and method of forming same |
US10597568B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2020-03-24 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particle including dopant material and method of forming same |
US11926781B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2024-03-12 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particle including dopant material and method of forming same |
US9803119B2 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2017-10-31 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
EP3131705A4 (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2017-12-06 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics and Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US11891559B2 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2024-02-06 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US10557067B2 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2020-02-11 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
WO2015160855A1 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2015-10-22 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US9902045B2 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2018-02-27 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Method of using an abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US11926780B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2024-03-12 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particles and method of forming same |
US9914864B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2018-03-13 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particles and method of forming same |
US11608459B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2023-03-21 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particles and method of forming same |
US10351745B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2019-07-16 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particles and method of forming same |
US9707529B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2017-07-18 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Composite shaped abrasive particles and method of forming same |
US9676981B2 (en) | 2014-12-24 | 2017-06-13 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particle fractions and method of forming same |
US10358589B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2019-07-23 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Fixed abrasive articles and methods of forming same |
US9938440B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2018-04-10 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc./Saint-Gobain Abrasifs | Fixed abrasive articles and methods of forming same |
US11472989B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2022-10-18 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Fixed abrasive articles and methods of forming same |
US10196551B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2019-02-05 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Fixed abrasive articles and methods of forming same |
US11643582B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2023-05-09 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Fixed abrasive articles and methods of forming same |
US11879087B2 (en) | 2015-06-11 | 2024-01-23 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US10711171B2 (en) | 2015-06-11 | 2020-07-14 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US11718774B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2023-08-08 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
US11230653B2 (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2022-01-25 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Fixed abrasive articles and methods of forming same |
AT519483A1 (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-07-15 | Tyrolit Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski Kg | PROCESS FOR PREPARING ABRASIVE PARTICLES |
EP3342839A1 (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-07-04 | Tyrolit - Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski K.G. | Method for the production of abrasive particles |
AT519483B1 (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-12-15 | Tyrolit Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski Kg | PROCESS FOR PREPARING ABRASIVE PARTICLES |
US11427740B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2022-08-30 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Method of making shaped abrasive particles and articles comprising forming a flange from overfilling |
US11549040B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2023-01-10 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles having a tooth portion on a surface |
US10759024B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2020-09-01 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US10563105B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2020-02-18 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US11932802B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2024-03-19 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles comprising a particular toothed body |
US10865148B2 (en) | 2017-06-21 | 2020-12-15 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Particulate materials and methods of forming same |
EP3959009A4 (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2023-05-24 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics&Plastics, Inc. | Adsorbent particles and methods of forming thereof |
US11666885B2 (en) | 2019-04-25 | 2023-06-06 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Adsorbent particles and methods of forming thereof |
CN113677428A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2021-11-19 | 圣戈本陶瓷及塑料股份有限公司 | Adsorbent particles and methods of forming the same |
EP4037834A4 (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2023-10-25 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics&Plastics, Inc. | Porous catalyst carrier particles and methods of forming thereof |
US11926019B2 (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2024-03-12 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive articles and methods of forming same |
US11959009B2 (en) | 2020-08-07 | 2024-04-16 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US10000676B2 (en) | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same | |
US11926781B2 (en) | Shaped abrasive particle including dopant material and method of forming same | |
US11453811B2 (en) | Shaped abrasive particle and method of forming same | |
US11649388B2 (en) | Abrasive particles having complex shapes and methods of forming same | |
US8753558B2 (en) | Forming shaped abrasive particles | |
US20210198545A1 (en) | Abrasive articles and methods of forming same |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 13794295 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2013794295 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20147034914 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: 112014029317 Country of ref document: BR |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 112014029317 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20141124 |