WO2014108580A1 - Safety cap or visor for holding the heads of vehicle users - Google Patents

Safety cap or visor for holding the heads of vehicle users Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2014108580A1
WO2014108580A1 PCT/ES2013/000249 ES2013000249W WO2014108580A1 WO 2014108580 A1 WO2014108580 A1 WO 2014108580A1 ES 2013000249 W ES2013000249 W ES 2013000249W WO 2014108580 A1 WO2014108580 A1 WO 2014108580A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
head
visor
cap
bridge
occipital
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2013/000249
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Javier Ferro
Original Assignee
Siesta Systems, S.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siesta Systems, S.L. filed Critical Siesta Systems, S.L.
Publication of WO2014108580A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014108580A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/001—Knee, leg or head belts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/80—Head-rests
    • B60N2/806—Head-rests movable or adjustable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/80—Head-rests
    • B60N2/806—Head-rests movable or adjustable
    • B60N2/865—Head-rests movable or adjustable providing a fore-and-aft movement with respect to the occupant's head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/80—Head-rests
    • B60N2/882—Head-rests detachable

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a safety cap or visor to hold the head in an upright position, proving especially useful for vehicle users who help to adopt a correct position while traveling as passengers, and which emerges in case of accident, without causing head retention.
  • the invention is a head restraint device consisting of a cap or visor that contains, on both sides, an element called "radial tension distributor", with which the head can be suspended essentially vertically of a user from an area that is always located above the head and that does so without using his jaw as a support area, achieving with the union of both characteristics that the cap or visor comes off in the event that you are using in a car that suffers an accident, and that said detachment is carried out above the head without retaining it.
  • the invention is completed with a flexible occipital element and a bridge that is articulated in said tension distributor element. The first one surrounds the head through its lower-post area, while the second one surrounds it through its upper area, said bridge having a flexible strap located in its upper part that has a design that favors the device to be released in case of suffering a frontal collision
  • a "collar” that surrounds the neck and forces the head to remain vertically is well known. It is also known a horseshoe-shaped pillow, generally inflatable, that rests on the shoulders and is placed around a user's neck to support the head in a more or less vertical position. These systems hold the head from below, thereby restricting neck mobility.
  • Obtaining a device for the support and suspension of the head that comes from a place above it and that does not require jaw support is an important advance because it opens the doors to its safe use, especially in vehicles and means of transport of passengers. This is due to the fact that such a device is detached above the head in the event of an accident, without the possibility of being hooked on the user's neck. This device must spontaneously and quickly detach itself from the head only in the case of an accident or sudden maneuver, but not when it performs its normal function of keeping the head in an essentially vertical position during a trip, at which time it is subjected to low stresses because in these conditions the weight of the head is essentially discharged through the cervical spine.
  • the selective detachment of the device during an accident or sudden maneuvering is achieved in the present invention by its design, and in particular by the inclusion of a radial tension distributor element and the way and place in which it is articulated with the rest of the components, as well as the great lightness of the materials used, such as paper, cloth, plastic and elastomeric polymers, not requiring the use of metallic materials in its composition.
  • Said radial tension distributor element is an element that is held in the cap or visor, being able to be one or more pieces.
  • the radial tension distributor element has the following basic characteristics:
  • the design of the safety cap or visor allows it to be detached immediately without producing a significant retention of the head, neck and trunk, which has been studied and demonstrated by accelerometry in the three axes in the "crash test" studies carried out by our company.
  • the head moves abruptly forward or sideways, and the tension line that is established on the shoulder, held in the suspension element and located above the head, has a mainly vertical component, which causes the cap or visor to detach over the head, thanks to the fact that said tension is transmitted immediately to the radial tension distributor element, which transmits it, in turn, to both the cap and the occipital element, producing the complete detachment of the device, always upwards in relation to the position of the head, and avoiding producing a sudden retention of it, which could cause serious damage to the brain and neck.
  • the bridge also has another safety function since it makes it impossible for the cap or visor to move down in any case, since the head itself prevents such displacement.
  • the location of the radial tension distributor element always centered in relation to the center of gravity of the head, is essential so that the detachment of the cap or visor occurs always and quickly in case of an accident, as we have verified in Our crash test investigations.
  • up to three safety features concur so that abrupt retention of the head does not occur in the event of an accident, such as: the aforementioned detachment of the entire device from the user's head; the detachment of the bridge at its junction with the upper tie; and the detachment of the upper tie of its connection with the suspension element.
  • the whole design aims to behave as a safety system for use mainly in a vehicle, because it ensures that the head is placed in an essentially vertical position at all times, even if the user falls asleep, preventing the head falls forward or sideways, but without blocking its mobility because it allows the rotation movements of the neck and a moderate movement of the neck forward and to both sides, since when the head is suspended, it behaves similarly to the sphere of a pendulum.
  • the device is released from the head too easily during use in a car.
  • the bridge of the clamping device is integral with the frontal and occipital elements, not being able to rotate independently and thus transmitting its antero-posterior movements to the entire device.
  • the length and direction of the occipital element of the device cannot be regulated independently, causing it to adapt poorly to different head shapes and sizes.
  • the device is not very aesthetic.
  • the four main objectives of the present invention are: 1 / To improve and ensure the position of the device so that the bridge can project the tensions upwards from an area always above the center of gravity of the head, thereby achieving greater stability and a controlled detachment that allows its use mainly in transport vehicles, significantly improving its safety.
  • the present invention contains a cap or visor, a bridge and a radial tension distribution element located on each side thereof.
  • the invention contains a flexible occipital element and also a flexible tie rod articulated at the top of the bridge.
  • the radial distributor element must be robust enough to be able to transmit the tensions in the desired way and direction, and it is attached to the cap by sewing or using a pocket, hole or space specially designed for its accommodation.
  • the front area of the cap and the occipital element are those that initially collect the tensions originated during the head restraint and transmit them radially to the distributor element, which in turn also transmits them radially, and in a vertical direction , towards the top of the bridge.
  • the tensions are from there transported by means of a brace that is centered in the upper part of the bridge and are finally discharged into the suspension element located just above the head.
  • the position occupied by said radial tension distributor element in relation to the user's head is adjusted according to the length adjustment that we make with the occipital element, and that is why said occipital element has different anchoring holes in the preferred embodiment. In this way it is always possible to regulate the position of the end of the bridge in an area above the center of gravity of the head of any user, that is, in the vertical projection of the area between the edge of the ear and approximately one centimeter after the external flange of the user's eye socket.
  • the tension distributing element has two possibilities of realization, being able to be an independent piece, or be the distal end of the bridge itself, the first assumption being the preferred embodiment for being more efficient in terms of its result,
  • the bridge In both cases, during the braking of a vehicle the bridge is broken and is positioned backwards by the action of the upper strap anchored in the suspension element. On the contrary, the cap or visor and the occipital element of the device do not rotate but instead move forward in a solidarity movement with that of the head.
  • the aforementioned rotation of the bridge means that the movements of the head produced during normal driving of the vehicle do not cause the device to detach from the head. However, if the deceleration is very sharp and the rotation of the bridge reaches its later limit, in contact with the head, the whole device will come off over it.
  • the way in which the upper brace is articulated with the bridge allows the latter to be able to detach from the brace when a tension greater than that originated in the course of normal driving is reached, such as a sudden braking in which they exceed 5 G of deceleration, thus constituting another safety mechanism that prevents head retention during the course of an accident, where the 5 G of deceleration is widely exceeded.
  • the adaptation to the different types of head is facilitated not only by the length adjustment that allows the occipital element in its articulation with the radial distributor element, but also because it allows to fix the change of direction that occurs between the horizontal plane that it has the cap and the oblique and downward direction that the occipital element adopts, so that the former can surround the user's forehead, while the latter, which is flexible, does the same with the lower and posterior part of the occipital area of head.
  • This feature is a great improvement, both in the adaptation of the device to any type of head, as in the ability to hold it.
  • a cap or visor that is flexible is described in the present invention, but we also include in this concept any type of flexible hat.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of the cap and the rest of the elements that make up the head restraint device according to the preferred embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the device, in which it is appreciated how the radial tension distributor element, which is an individualized piece attached to the cap, is articulated with the bridge and with the occipital element of the device;
  • Figure 3 is a side view in which the area where the center of gravity of the head is located and where the radial tension distributor element is located is delimited;
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the device hanging from a suspension element fixed, for example, in a car headrest;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of the radial tension distributor element when this is part of the end of the bridge instead of being a separate part thereof;
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view in which the rotation of the bridge in the rear direction is shown when it is pulled by the upper shoulder during a deceleration of the vehicle, at which time the head moves forward;
  • Figure 7 is a front view of one of the embodiments in which the bridge can be articulated with the upper tie.
  • the radial tension distributor element (1), the occipital element (2), a rigid bridge (3) with a tie rod (8), and a visor (4), which are the components, are individually represented. of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the radial distributor there is a protrusion element (5) that serves as an axis where the bridge is articulated by holes (7) that have at its ends and that allow it to rotate over the radial distributor.
  • a protusion (6) is also shown, which serves as an area where the occipital element (2) of the invention is articulated, and the length and direction thereof can be adjusted according to the size of the user's head.
  • Both the bridge and the radial tension distributor element are generally made of plastic.
  • Figure 2 shows the work axis (Y) of the occipital element. It can be seen how the change of direction of this axis in relation to the horizontal plane of the cap (4) occurs in its articulation with the protusion (6) of the radial distributor element (1), thus enabling a firm hold of the occipital part lower head.
  • the arrow represented in the enlarged area of this figure indicates the possibilities of adjustment of the occipital element (2) in the radial distributor element, until a final position is found in which said distributor is located above the center of gravity of the head.
  • the articulation system of the occipital element (2) can be constituted by a protuberance (6) as shown in the figure, or by other systems that allow its correct adjustable articulation, such as a system of loops and hooks or a clip.
  • Figure 3 shows the limits ( ⁇ -entre ' ) between which, in all cases, the center of gravity of the head is found, that is, between the posterior edge of the ear and a centimeter posterior to the external edge of the orbital flange, this being therefore the space where the radial tension distributor element should be located.
  • the arrows in this figure indicate the radial direction with which the tensions produced by the head restraint are transmitted, towards the top of the bridge.
  • Figure 4 shows a cap suspended from a suspension arm (9) that is anchored in the headrest of a car by a rigid support (10).
  • a sponge or a similar soft element, can be placed between the passenger's forehead and the cap or visor, for greater user comfort.
  • a tape (11) can be hung optionally so that the user rests on it on the back of the seat, thus preventing the cap from flying when it is detaches from the head in case of accident.
  • This tape is only anchored in the central area of the occipital element, while at the other end said tape is held by the user's own weight when seated.
  • the strap (8) has a ladder-shaped design that is inserted into the suspension arm (9) in the antero-posterior direction, that is to say contrary to the direction of travel, thus allowing said strap move forward by pushing the head during a frontal collision, finally detaching itself from the suspension arm.
  • the ease with which this movement of the upper tie is produced forwards depends on the elastomeric polymer used in its manufacture, and therefore on its friction with the suspension arm, as well as the size of notches made on the surface thereof. This means that the displacement, and therefore its detachment, does not occur when the deceleration value does not exceed 5 G.
  • a visor (4) is shown with the radial tension distributor element when this is not an individualized piece, as in the preferred embodiment of the preceding figures, but the very end of a rigid bridge (12) on both sides the visor.
  • a single suture (13) is shown, with which the end of the bridge is sewn to the visor while retaining the ability to rotate in relation to it, and a profusion (14) where the occipital element (2) is articulated with the bridge and where it adjusts both its length and its direction.
  • the white arrows represent how the end of the bridge picks up the forces produced while holding the head from the front and rear of the visor and from the occipital element, then projecting them by said bridge in the upward direction.
  • Figure 6 shows the rotation (A ⁇ B) that occurs in the bridge in relation to the cap or visor during a period of deceleration of the vehicle, which is due to the traction made by the upper strap when the head moves forward.
  • Figure 7 shows one of the embodiments for articulating the bridge (3) with the tie rod (8), so that it can be detached from it when the traction exceeds a certain value.
  • the trapezoidal shape (14) represented means that the strap, which has a certain elasticity, does not come off until a certain deceleration is reached, preferably when its value exceeds 5 G.

Abstract

Vehicle users often adopt poor postures when they are unable to maintain their heads in vertical position; this affects their health and, in a very relevant manner, their safety. The invention prevents the head of the user from falling during a normal movement of the vehicle, but does not retain the head in the event of an accident, for which purpose it is essential for the device to be suspended from an area located above the head, the invention comprising a cap or visor (4) to which a radial tension-distributing element is fastened, located in the area that is above the centre of gravity of the head. An occipital element (2), having adjustable length and direction, as well as a bridge (3) that surrounds the top of the head are hinged to the cap or visor. The present invention aims to improve the stability of the device when holding the head in vertical position, preventing same from easily detaching from the head when the deceleration thereof does not exceed normal limits; to offer safety systems that allow the device to be detached immediately in the event of an accident when used in transport vehicles; and to achieve improved aesthetics and a better fit of the device on the head of each user.

Description

GORRA O VISERA DE SEGURIDAD PARA SUJETAR LA CABEZA DE HAT OR SAFETY VISOR TO HOLD THE HEAD OF
USUARIOS DE VEHÍCULOS VEHICLE USERS
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
CAMPO TÉCNICO DE LA INVENCIÓN TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
En general, la presente invención se refiere a una gorra o visera de seguridad para sujetar la cabeza en posición vertical, resultando especialmente útil para usuarios de vehículos a los que ayuda a adoptar una posición correcta mientras viajan como pasajeros, y que se desprende en caso de accidente, sin provocar retención de la cabeza.  In general, the present invention relates to a safety cap or visor to hold the head in an upright position, proving especially useful for vehicle users who help to adopt a correct position while traveling as passengers, and which emerges in case of accident, without causing head retention.
Más en particular, la invención es un dispositivo de sujeción de la cabeza que consiste en una gorra o visera que contiene, en ambos laterales, un elemento denominado "distribuidor radial de tensión", con el que se puede suspender de forma esencialmente vertical la cabeza de un usuario desde una zona que está siempre situada por encima de la cabeza y que lo hace sin necesidad de utilizar su mandíbula como zona de apoyo, consiguiéndose con la unión de ambas características que la gorra o visera se desprenda en el caso de que se esté utilizando en un automóvil que sufre un accidente, y que dicho desprendimiento se realice por encima de la cabeza sin que se produzca retención de la misma. La invención se completa con un elemento occipital flexible y un puente que se articula en dicho elemento distribuidor de tensión. El primero rodea la cabeza por su zona postero-inferior, mientras que el segundo la rodea por su zona superior, disponiendo dicho puente de un tirante flexible localizado en su parte superior que tiene un diseño que favorece que el dispositivo se suelte en caso de sufrir una colisión frontal.  More particularly, the invention is a head restraint device consisting of a cap or visor that contains, on both sides, an element called "radial tension distributor", with which the head can be suspended essentially vertically of a user from an area that is always located above the head and that does so without using his jaw as a support area, achieving with the union of both characteristics that the cap or visor comes off in the event that you are using in a car that suffers an accident, and that said detachment is carried out above the head without retaining it. The invention is completed with a flexible occipital element and a bridge that is articulated in said tension distributor element. The first one surrounds the head through its lower-post area, while the second one surrounds it through its upper area, said bridge having a flexible strap located in its upper part that has a design that favors the device to be released in case of suffering a frontal collision
Con la introducción del elemento distribuidor radial de tensión y la forma en la que el tirante se sujeta en el elemento de suspensión, se consigue transformar la gorra o visera en un elemento de seguridad en vehículos, esto es debido a que permite que la cabeza se mantenga en posición prácticamente vertical en personas que tienen dificultad para hacerlo o que se quedan dormidas, posibilitando el correcto funcionamiento de los sistemas de seguridad propios del vehículo, pero facilitando que se desprenda con facilidad en caso de accidente, sin producir retención significativa de la cabeza, cuello y tórax, como ha sido demostrado en los estudios de "crash test" realizados por nuestra empresa. With the introduction of the radial tension distributor element and the way in which the brace is attached to the suspension element, it is possible to transform the cap or visor into a vehicle safety element, this is because it allows the head to be keep on practically vertical position in people who have difficulty doing so or who fall asleep, allowing the proper functioning of the vehicle's own safety systems, but making it easy to detach in case of an accident, without causing significant retention of the head, neck and thorax, as has been demonstrated in the "crash test" studies conducted by our company.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Algunas personas con discapacidad no pueden mantener la cabeza en posición vertical cuando están sentados en sus sillas de ruedas o en cualquier otro tipo de asiento de un vehículo con o sin motor. Esto sucede también en personas sin discapacidad que utilizan cualquier medio de transporte cuando se quedan dormidos en posición sentada, así como en pacientes que están siendo tratados por sufrir alguna patología cervical y presentan dificultad para mantener la cabeza vertical sin sentir dolor. Este es el caso por ejemplo de pacientes que llevan sistemas de tracción de cuello sobre sus propios hombros. Para ayudar en todos estos casos a sujetar la cabeza en la posición correcta existen distintas posibilidades. Es bien conocido un "collarín" que rodea el cuello y fuerza a la cabeza a permanecer de forma vertical. También resulta conocida una almohada en forma de herradura, generalmente inflable, que se apoya en los hombros y se coloca alrededor del cuello de un usuario para soportar la cabeza en una posición más o menos vertical. Estos sistemas sujetan la cabeza desde abajo, restringiendo con ello la movilidad del cuello.  Some people with disabilities cannot keep their heads upright when they are sitting in their wheelchairs or in any other type of vehicle seat with or without a motor. This also happens in people without disabilities who use any means of transport when they fall asleep in a sitting position, as well as in patients who are being treated for some cervical pathology and have difficulty keeping their heads up without feeling pain. This is the case, for example, of patients who carry neck traction systems on their own shoulders. To help in all these cases to hold the head in the correct position there are different possibilities. A "collar" that surrounds the neck and forces the head to remain vertically is well known. It is also known a horseshoe-shaped pillow, generally inflatable, that rests on the shoulders and is placed around a user's neck to support the head in a more or less vertical position. These systems hold the head from below, thereby restricting neck mobility.
Sin embargo, la posibilidad de sujetar la cabeza desde arriba y de forma dinámica ha sido mucho menos documentada hasta la actualidad. Son conocidos los sistemas que utilizan la mandíbula como zona de apoyo para sujetar la cabeza en posición vertical, ya que no tienden a deslizarse y desprenderse mientras son utilizados, pero presentan sin embargo inconvenientes de distinta naturaleza, como son: el rozamiento entre los dientes superiores e inferiores; las lesiones en la articulación temporo- mandibular; y la imposibilidad de ser utilizados en vehículos de transporte por motivos de seguridad, ya que podrían desplazarse de la barbilla y acabar sujetando el cuello del usuario, con el riesgo que ello conlleva. Son varios los dispositivos que utilizan la barbilla como medio de sujeción, como el descrito en el documento de patente US5010898A, donde además de un elemento sujeto a la barbilla tiene una cinta que pasa por delante de las orejas, constituyendo ambas características un grave riesgo en caso de ser utilizados en un vehículo que sufra una colisión, porque dichos elementos del dispositivo pueden quedar atrapados en el cuello o en las orejas, respectivamente. Otros ejemplos similares se dan a conocer en los documentos de patente WO2007/031153A2, US5658245 y US2828735. However, the possibility of holding the head from above and dynamically has been much less documented until today. There are known systems that use the jaw as a support area to hold the head in an upright position, since they do not tend to slide and detach while they are used, but they nevertheless have problems of different nature, such as: friction between the upper teeth and lower; lesions in the temporo-mandibular joint; and the impossibility of being used in transport vehicles for safety reasons, since they could move from the chin and end up holding the user's neck, with the risk that this entails. There are several devices that use the chin as a means of attachment, such as that described in patent document US5010898A, where in addition to an element attached to the chin it has a tape that passes in front of the ears, both of which constitute a serious risk in case of being used in a vehicle that suffers a collision, because said elements of the device can be trapped in the neck or ears, respectively. Other similar examples are disclosed in patent documents WO2007 / 031153A2, US5658245 and US2828735.
La misma firma solicitante de la presente solicitud, ya describió por primera vez en el documento EP2255995B1 el concepto de "sujeción dinámica de la cabeza" mediante un dispositivo colgante que no utiliza la mandíbula como zona de apoyo, pero no describió la utilización de una gorra o visera que contiene un elemento distribuidor radial de tensión en ambos laterales, garantizando con ello la transmisión vertical de las fuerzas que sujetan la cabeza desde una zona situada por encima del centro de gravedad de la misma, y mejorando así diversos aspectos como la estabilidad, el ajuste a los distintos tipos de cabeza y la apariencia estética del dispositivo.  The same signature requesting the present application, already described for the first time in EP2255995B1 the concept of "dynamic head restraint" by means of a hanging device that does not use the jaw as a support area, but did not describe the use of a cap or visor that contains a radial tension distributing element on both sides, thereby guaranteeing the vertical transmission of the forces that hold the head from an area above the center of gravity thereof, and thus improving various aspects such as stability, the adjustment to the different types of head and the aesthetic appearance of the device.
Existen diversas invenciones que utilizan un gorro o un elemento similar para sujetar la cabeza, como las descritas en los documentos US2949152, US70555, US2949152, US6301716, US1855408 y US8287045. Sin embargo, y hasta donde nuestro conocimiento alcanza, no hay ninguna invención que esté suspendida desde un lugar por encima de la cabeza y que la sujete en posición esencialmente vertical con la ayuda de un elemento que, situado en ambos laterales de una gorra o visera, actúa como elemento distribuidor radial de tensión y donde se articula el puente, asegurando en todo momento que los extremos de dicho puente se encuentran localizados por encima del centro de gravedad de la cabeza, generando con ello importantes ventajas que se expondrán a continuación. EXPOSICIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN There are various inventions that use a hat or similar element to hold the head, such as those described in documents US2949152, US70555, US2949152, US6301716, US1855408 and US8287045. However, and as far as our knowledge reaches, there is no invention that is suspended from a place above the head and that holds it in an essentially vertical position with the help of an element that, located on both sides of a cap or visor , acts as a radial tension distributor element and where the bridge is articulated, ensuring at all times that the ends of said bridge are located above the center of gravity of the head, thereby generating important advantages that will be discussed below. EXHIBITION OF THE INVENTION
Conseguir un dispositivo para la sujeción y suspensión de la cabeza que venga desde un lugar por encima de la misma y que no precise apoyo mandibular supone un importante avance porque abre las puertas a su utilización segura, especialmente en vehículos y medios de transporte de pasajeros. Esto es debido a que un dispositivo así se desprende por encima de la cabeza en caso de accidente, sin que exista la posibilidad de que se enganche en el cuello del usuario. Este dispositivo debe desprenderse de la cabeza de forma espontánea y de forma rápida únicamente en el caso de sufrir un accidente o maniobra brusca, pero no cuando realiza su función normal de mantener la cabeza en posición esencialmente vertical durante un viaje, momento en el que está sometido a bajas tensiones debido a que en estas condiciones el peso de la cabeza se descarga fundamentalmente a través de la columna cervical. El desprendimiento selectivo del dispositivo durante un accidente o maniobra brusca se consigue en la presente invención por su diseño, y en particular por la inclusión de un elemento distribuidor radial de tensión y la forma y lugar en que este se articula con el resto de componentes, así como por la gran ligereza de los materiales utilizados, como pueden ser papel, tela, plástico y polímeros elastómeros, no precisando la utilización de materiales metálicos en su composición. Dicho elemento distribuidor radial de tensión es un elemento que se sujeta en la gorra o visera, pudiendo tratarse de una o varias piezas. El elemento distribuidor radial de tensión tiene como características básicas las siguientes:  Obtaining a device for the support and suspension of the head that comes from a place above it and that does not require jaw support is an important advance because it opens the doors to its safe use, especially in vehicles and means of transport of passengers. This is due to the fact that such a device is detached above the head in the event of an accident, without the possibility of being hooked on the user's neck. This device must spontaneously and quickly detach itself from the head only in the case of an accident or sudden maneuver, but not when it performs its normal function of keeping the head in an essentially vertical position during a trip, at which time it is subjected to low stresses because in these conditions the weight of the head is essentially discharged through the cervical spine. The selective detachment of the device during an accident or sudden maneuvering is achieved in the present invention by its design, and in particular by the inclusion of a radial tension distributor element and the way and place in which it is articulated with the rest of the components, as well as the great lightness of the materials used, such as paper, cloth, plastic and elastomeric polymers, not requiring the use of metallic materials in its composition. Said radial tension distributor element is an element that is held in the cap or visor, being able to be one or more pieces. The radial tension distributor element has the following basic characteristics:
1/ debe estar sujeto en ambos laterales de la gorra o visera.  1 / must be attached on both sides of the cap or visor.
21 debe estar siempre localizado por encima del centro de gravedad de la cabeza del usuario.  21 must always be located above the center of gravity of the user's head.
3/ debe tener la robustez suficiente como para recoger y transportar hacia arriba las tensiones que se producen durante la sujeción de la cabeza.  3 / Must be robust enough to pick up and transport up the tensions that occur during head restraint.
4/ debe permitir al elemento occipital adoptar una dirección inclinada hacia abajo, con un ángulo generalmente superior a 10° con respecto al plano horizontal. De esta forma puede alcanzar la zona occipital inferior, lugar desde donde sujeta el peso de la cabeza. 4 / should allow the occipital element to adopt a downwardly inclined direction, with an angle generally greater than 10 ° with respect to the horizontal plane. In this way you can reach the lower occipital area, where you hold the weight of the head.
En caso de accidente, donde la fuerza de sujeción aumenta, el diseño de la gorra o visera de seguridad permite que se esta desprenda de forma inmediata sin llegar a producir una retención significativa de la cabeza, cuello y tronco, lo cual ha sido estudiado y demostrado por acelerometría en los tres ejes en los estudios de "crash test" realizados por nuestra empresa. Cuando ocurre un accidente, la cabeza se desplaza bruscamente hacia delante o hacia los lados, y la línea de tensión que se establece en el tirante, sujetado en el elemento de suspensión y situado por encima de la cabeza, tiene una componente principalmente vertical, lo que hace que la gorra o visera se desprenda por encima de la cabeza, gracias a que dicha tensión se transmite de forma inmediata hasta el elemento distribuidor radial de tensión, que la transmite, a su vez, tanto a la gorra como al elemento occipital, produciéndose el desprendimiento completo del dispositivo, siempre hacia arriba en relación a la posición de la cabeza, y evitando producir una retención brusca de la misma, lo que podría causar serios daños en el cerebro y en el cuello. Por otra parte, el puente también tiene otra función de seguridad puesto que hace imposible que la gorra o visera se desplace en ningún caso hacia abajo, ya que la propia cabeza impide dicho desplazamiento. La localización del elemento distribuidor radial de tensión, centrado siempre en relación al centro de gravedad de la cabeza, es fundamental para que el desprendimiento de la gorra o visera se produzca siempre y de forma rápida en caso de sufrir un accidente, como hemos comprobado en nuestras investigaciones de crash test.  In the event of an accident, where the clamping force increases, the design of the safety cap or visor allows it to be detached immediately without producing a significant retention of the head, neck and trunk, which has been studied and demonstrated by accelerometry in the three axes in the "crash test" studies carried out by our company. When an accident occurs, the head moves abruptly forward or sideways, and the tension line that is established on the shoulder, held in the suspension element and located above the head, has a mainly vertical component, which causes the cap or visor to detach over the head, thanks to the fact that said tension is transmitted immediately to the radial tension distributor element, which transmits it, in turn, to both the cap and the occipital element, producing the complete detachment of the device, always upwards in relation to the position of the head, and avoiding producing a sudden retention of it, which could cause serious damage to the brain and neck. On the other hand, the bridge also has another safety function since it makes it impossible for the cap or visor to move down in any case, since the head itself prevents such displacement. The location of the radial tension distributor element, always centered in relation to the center of gravity of the head, is essential so that the detachment of the cap or visor occurs always and quickly in case of an accident, as we have verified in Our crash test investigations.
En la presente invención concurren hasta tres características de seguridad para que no se produzca una retención brusca de la cabeza en caso de accidente, como son: el mencionado desprendimiento de todo el dispositivo de la cabeza del usuario; el desprendimiento del puente en su unión con el tirante superior; y el desprendimiento del tirante superior de su unión con el elemento de suspensión. Por lo tanto, todo el diseño tiene como objetivo comportarse como un sistema de seguridad para su utilización principalmente en un vehículo, porque consigue que la cabeza esté situada en posición esencialmente vertical en todo momento, incluso si el usuario se queda dormido, evitando que la cabeza se caiga hacia delante o hacia los lados, pero sin bloquear su movilidad porque permite los movimientos de rotación del cuello y un moderado desplazamiento del mismo hacia delante y hacia ambos lados, ya que al estar suspendida la cabeza, esta se comporta de forma similar a la esfera de un péndulo. Con ello se asegura una correcta posición del usuario con relación a los sistemas de retención y seguridad del propio vehículo, que han sido diseñados para que el pasajero tenga la cabeza en posición vertical, lo cual permite que el cinturón de seguridad pase por la clavícula y el esternón del usuario, que la distancia entre la cabeza y el airbag sea correcta, y que la cabeza permanezca siempre cercana al reposacabezas. Sin embargo, en caso de que ocurra un accidente, y partiendo de una posición de cabeza vertical correcta, el dispositivo se desprende de forma inmediata y la sujeción desaparece, haciendo que la cabeza se desplace de forma libre por el interior del vehículo, evitando así una retención que podría causar daños impredecibles en la cabeza y el cuello. In the present invention, up to three safety features concur so that abrupt retention of the head does not occur in the event of an accident, such as: the aforementioned detachment of the entire device from the user's head; the detachment of the bridge at its junction with the upper tie; and the detachment of the upper tie of its connection with the suspension element. Therefore, the whole design aims to behave as a safety system for use mainly in a vehicle, because it ensures that the head is placed in an essentially vertical position at all times, even if the user falls asleep, preventing the head falls forward or sideways, but without blocking its mobility because it allows the rotation movements of the neck and a moderate movement of the neck forward and to both sides, since when the head is suspended, it behaves similarly to the sphere of a pendulum. This ensures a correct position of the user in relation to the retention and safety systems of the vehicle itself, which have been designed so that the passenger has a head in an upright position, which allows the seat belt to pass through the clavicle and the sternum of the user, that the distance between the head and the airbag is correct, and that the head always remains close to the headrest. However, in the event of an accident, and starting from a correct vertical head position, the device detaches immediately and the grip disappears, causing the head to move freely through the interior of the vehicle, thus avoiding a retention that could cause unpredictable damage to the head and neck.
Los sistemas existentes en el estado de la técnica que sujetan la cabeza desde atrás, en vez de desde arriba como sucede en la presente invención, no permiten generalmente los movimientos de rotación del cuello ni su desplazamiento lateral o hacia delante, y producen una retención brusca de la frente del usuario en caso de accidente, ya que no se desprenden hacia arriba. Para que esto suceda, es necesario que la zona del vehículo desde donde se sujeta el dispositivo, y hacia donde se transmite la tensión de la retención, esté situado por encima y no por detrás de la cabeza del usuario. Por otra parte, aquellos dispositivos de sujeción de la cabeza que actúan desde arriba, pero que utilizan la mandíbula como zona de sujeción, no pueden desprenderse en caso de accidente sin suponer un grave riesgo para el cuello del usuario. Los problemas técnicos del dispositivo más parecido a la presente solicitud, publicado por nuestra empresa en el mencionado documento EP2255995B1 , a los que se enfrenta la presente invención, son: The systems existing in the state of the art that hold the head from behind, instead of from above as in the present invention, generally do not allow the rotational movements of the neck or its lateral or forward displacement, and produce abrupt retention from the front of the user in the event of an accident, since they do not break up. For this to happen, it is necessary that the area of the vehicle from where the device is held, and where the retention tension is transmitted, is located above and not behind the user's head. On the other hand, those head restraint devices that act from above, but that use the jaw as a restraint area, cannot be detached in case of an accident without posing a serious risk to the user's neck. The technical problems of the device most similar to the present application, published by our company in the aforementioned document EP2255995B1, which the present invention faces, are:
1/ El dispositivo se suelta de la cabeza con demasiada facilidad durante su utilización en un automóvil. 1 / The device is released from the head too easily during use in a car.
21 El puente del dispositivo de sujeción es solidario con los elementos frontal y occipital, no pudiendo rotar de forma independiente y transmitiendo así sus movimientos antero-posteriores a todo el conjunto del dispositivo.  21 The bridge of the clamping device is integral with the frontal and occipital elements, not being able to rotate independently and thus transmitting its antero-posterior movements to the entire device.
3/ No se puede regular de forma independiente la longitud y la dirección del elemento occipital del dispositivo, haciendo que se adapte mal a las distintas formas y tamaños de cabeza.  3 / The length and direction of the occipital element of the device cannot be regulated independently, causing it to adapt poorly to different head shapes and sizes.
4/ El dispositivo resulta muy poco estético.  4 / The device is not very aesthetic.
Por ello, los cuatro objetivos principales de la presente invención son: 1/ Mejorar y asegurar la posición del dispositivo para que el puente pueda proyectar las tensiones hacia arriba desde una zona situada siempre por encima del centro de gravedad de la cabeza, consiguiendo con ello una mayor estabilidad y un desprendimiento controlado que posibilite su utilización principalmente en vehículos de transporte, mejorando de forma significativa la seguridad del mismo.  Therefore, the four main objectives of the present invention are: 1 / To improve and ensure the position of the device so that the bridge can project the tensions upwards from an area always above the center of gravity of the head, thereby achieving greater stability and a controlled detachment that allows its use mainly in transport vehicles, significantly improving its safety.
21 Conseguir que los desplazamientos antero-posteriores de la cabeza durante una conducción normal no generen en el puente un desplazamiento antero-posterior, sino un movimiento rotacional del mismo.  21 Ensure that the anterior-posterior displacements of the head during normal driving do not generate an antero-posterior displacement on the bridge, but a rotational movement thereof.
3/ Conseguir un mejor ajuste a las distintas formas de cabeza mediante la articulación independiente, y ajustable en longitud y dirección, del elemento occipital.  3 / Get a better fit to the different head shapes by means of the independent articulation, and adjustable in length and direction, of the occipital element.
4/ Mejorar la estética del dispositivo.  4 / Improve the aesthetics of the device.
Para conseguir estos objetivos, la presente invención contiene una gorra o visera, un puente y un elemento distribuidor radial de tensión situado a cada lado de la misma. Además, la invención contiene un elemento occipital flexible y un tirante también flexible articulado en la parte superior del puente.  To achieve these objectives, the present invention contains a cap or visor, a bridge and a radial tension distribution element located on each side thereof. In addition, the invention contains a flexible occipital element and also a flexible tie rod articulated at the top of the bridge.
El elemento distribuidor radial debe tener robustez suficiente para poder transmitir las tensiones en la forma y dirección deseada, y se sujeta a la gorra mediante costura o utilizando un bolsillo, orifico o espacio especialmente diseñado para su alojamiento. La zona frontal de la gorra y el elemento occipital son los que recogen inicialmente las tensiones originadas durante la sujeción de la cabeza y las transmiten de forma radial al elemento distribuidor, el cual las transmite a su vez también de forma radial, y en dirección vertical, hacia la parte superior del puente. Las tensiones son desde allí transportadas por medio de un tirante que está centrado en la parte superior del puente y son finalmente descargadas en el elemento de suspensión situado justo por encima de la cabeza. The radial distributor element must be robust enough to be able to transmit the tensions in the desired way and direction, and it is attached to the cap by sewing or using a pocket, hole or space specially designed for its accommodation. The front area of the cap and the occipital element are those that initially collect the tensions originated during the head restraint and transmit them radially to the distributor element, which in turn also transmits them radially, and in a vertical direction , towards the top of the bridge. The tensions are from there transported by means of a brace that is centered in the upper part of the bridge and are finally discharged into the suspension element located just above the head.
La posición que ocupa dicho elemento distribuidor radial de tensión con relación a la cabeza del usuario se ajusta según el ajuste de longitud que hagamos con el elemento occipital, y es por ello que dicho elemento occipital presenta en la realización preferida distintos orificios de anclaje. De esta forma se consigue regular siempre la posición del extremo del puente en una zona situada por encima del centro de gravedad de la cabeza de cualquier usuario, es decir, en la proyección vertical de la zona comprendida entre el borde de la oreja y aproximadamente un centímetro posterior al reborde externo de la órbita ocular del usuario. Es de extrema importancia que el puente se articule en esta zona, por encima del centro de gravedad de la cabeza, puesto que es el lugar desde donde debe iniciarse la transmisión de las fuerzas de sujeción de la cabeza hacia arriba para permitir una buena estabilidad de la gorra en condiciones normales, así como su inmediato desprendimiento en caso de accidente.  The position occupied by said radial tension distributor element in relation to the user's head is adjusted according to the length adjustment that we make with the occipital element, and that is why said occipital element has different anchoring holes in the preferred embodiment. In this way it is always possible to regulate the position of the end of the bridge in an area above the center of gravity of the head of any user, that is, in the vertical projection of the area between the edge of the ear and approximately one centimeter after the external flange of the user's eye socket. It is extremely important that the bridge is articulated in this area, above the center of gravity of the head, since it is the place from which the transmission of the clamping forces of the head upwards must be started to allow a good stability of the cap in normal conditions, as well as its immediate detachment in case of an accident.
El elemento distribuidor de tensión tiene dos posibilidades de realización, pudiendo tratarse de una pieza independiente, o bien ser el propio extremo distal del puente, constituyendo el primer supuesto la realización preferida por resultar más eficiente en cuanto a su resultado,  The tension distributing element has two possibilities of realization, being able to be an independent piece, or be the distal end of the bridge itself, the first assumption being the preferred embodiment for being more efficient in terms of its result,
En ambos casos, durante la frenada de un vehículo el puente rota y queda posicionado hacia atrás por la acción del tirante superior anclado en el elemento de suspensión. Por el contrario, la gorra o visera y el elemento occipital del dispositivo no rotan sino que se desplazan hacia delante en un movimiento solidario con el de la cabeza. La mencionada rotación del puente hace que los movimientos de la cabeza producidos durante una conducción normal del vehículo no provoquen que el dispositivo se desprenda de la cabeza. Sin embargo, si la desaceleración es muy brusca y la rotación del puente llega hasta su límite posterior, en contacto con la cabeza, todo el dispositivo se desprenderá por encima de la misma. In both cases, during the braking of a vehicle the bridge is broken and is positioned backwards by the action of the upper strap anchored in the suspension element. On the contrary, the cap or visor and the occipital element of the device do not rotate but instead move forward in a solidarity movement with that of the head. The aforementioned rotation of the bridge means that the movements of the head produced during normal driving of the vehicle do not cause the device to detach from the head. However, if the deceleration is very sharp and the rotation of the bridge reaches its later limit, in contact with the head, the whole device will come off over it.
La forma en que se articula el tirante superior con el puente permite que este último se pueda desprender del tirante cuando se alcanza una tensión superior a la originada en el transcurso de una conducción normal, como es el caso de una frenada brusca en la que se superan los 5 G de desaceleración, constituyendo con ello también otro mecanismo de seguridad que evita la retención de la cabeza durante el transcurso de un accidente, donde se superan ampliamente los 5 G de desaceleración.  The way in which the upper brace is articulated with the bridge allows the latter to be able to detach from the brace when a tension greater than that originated in the course of normal driving is reached, such as a sudden braking in which they exceed 5 G of deceleration, thus constituting another safety mechanism that prevents head retention during the course of an accident, where the 5 G of deceleration is widely exceeded.
La adaptación a los distintos tipos de cabeza se facilita no solamente por el ajuste de longitud que permite el elemento occipital en su articulación con el elemento distribuidor radial, sino también debido a que permite fijar el cambio de dirección que se produce entre el plano horizontal que tiene la gorra y la dirección oblicua y hacia abajo que adopta el elemento occipital, para que la primera pueda rodear la frente del usuario, mientras que el último, que es flexible, haga lo mismo con la parte inferior y posterior de la zona occipital de la cabeza. Esta característica supone una gran mejoría, tanto en la adaptación del dispositivo a cualquier tipo de cabeza, como en la capacidad de sujeción de la misma.  The adaptation to the different types of head is facilitated not only by the length adjustment that allows the occipital element in its articulation with the radial distributor element, but also because it allows to fix the change of direction that occurs between the horizontal plane that it has the cap and the oblique and downward direction that the occipital element adopts, so that the former can surround the user's forehead, while the latter, which is flexible, does the same with the lower and posterior part of the occipital area of head. This feature is a great improvement, both in the adaptation of the device to any type of head, as in the ability to hold it.
Finalmente, la adaptación del elemento distribuidor radial a una gorra o visera mejora significativamente, en su conjunto, la estética del dispositivo de sujeción de la cabeza.  Finally, the adaptation of the radial distributor element to a cap or visor significantly improves, as a whole, the aesthetics of the head restraint.
Se describe en la presente invención una gorra o visera que es flexible, pero incluimos en este concepto también cualquier tipo de sombrero flexible.  A cap or visor that is flexible is described in the present invention, but we also include in this concept any type of flexible hat.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS La invención se describe a continuación haciendo referencia a ios dibujos anexos, no limitativos, en los que: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention is described below with reference to the attached, non-limiting drawings, in which:
la figura 1 es una vista en perspectiva de la gorra y el resto de elementos que componen el dispositivo de sujeción de la cabeza según la realización preferida;  Figure 1 is a perspective view of the cap and the rest of the elements that make up the head restraint device according to the preferred embodiment;
la figura 2 es una vista lateral del dispositivo, en la que se aprecia cómo el elemento distribuidor radial de tensión, que es una pieza individualizada sujetada a la gorra, se articula con el puente y con el elemento occipital del dispositivo;  Figure 2 is a side view of the device, in which it is appreciated how the radial tension distributor element, which is an individualized piece attached to the cap, is articulated with the bridge and with the occipital element of the device;
la figura 3 es una vista lateral en la que se delimita la zona donde se encuentra el centro de gravedad de la cabeza y donde está situado el elemento distribuidor radial de tensión;  Figure 3 is a side view in which the area where the center of gravity of the head is located and where the radial tension distributor element is located is delimited;
la figura 4 es una vista en perspectiva del dispositivo que cuelga de un elemento de suspensión fijado, por ejemplo, en un reposacabezas de automóvil;  Figure 4 is a perspective view of the device hanging from a suspension element fixed, for example, in a car headrest;
la figura 5 es una vista en perspectiva del elemento distribuidor radial de tensión cuando este es parte del extremo del puente en vez de ser una pieza separada del mismo;  Figure 5 is a perspective view of the radial tension distributor element when this is part of the end of the bridge instead of being a separate part thereof;
la figura 6 es una vista en perspectiva en la que se representa la rotación del puente en dirección posterior cuando es traccionado por el tirante superior durante una desaceleración del vehículo, momento en el que la cabeza se desplaza hacia delante;  Figure 6 is a perspective view in which the rotation of the bridge in the rear direction is shown when it is pulled by the upper shoulder during a deceleration of the vehicle, at which time the head moves forward;
la figura 7 es una vista frontal de una de las realizaciones en las que el puente se puede articular con el tirante superior.  Figure 7 is a front view of one of the embodiments in which the bridge can be articulated with the upper tie.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA REALIZACIÓN PREFERIDA DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
En la figura 1 se representa de forma individualizada el elemento distribuidor radial de tensión (1), el elemento occipital (2), un puente rígido (3) con un tirante (8), y una visera (4), que son los componentes de la realización preferida de la presente invención. En el distribuidor radial se muestra un elemento saliente (5) que sirve de eje donde se articula el puente mediante unos orificios (7) que tiene en sus extremos y que le permiten rotar sobre el distribuidor radial. También se muestra una protusión (6) que sirve como zona donde se articula el elemento occipital (2) de la invención, pudiéndose ajustar la longitud y dirección del mismo en función del tamaño de la cabeza del usuario. Tanto el puente como el elemento distribuidor radial de tensión son generalmente de plástico. In figure 1 the radial tension distributor element (1), the occipital element (2), a rigid bridge (3) with a tie rod (8), and a visor (4), which are the components, are individually represented. of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the radial distributor there is a protrusion element (5) that serves as an axis where the bridge is articulated by holes (7) that have at its ends and that allow it to rotate over the radial distributor. A protusion (6) is also shown, which serves as an area where the occipital element (2) of the invention is articulated, and the length and direction thereof can be adjusted according to the size of the user's head. Both the bridge and the radial tension distributor element are generally made of plastic.
En la figura 2 se representa el eje de trabajo (Y) del elemento occipital. Se puede observar cómo el cambio de dirección de este eje en relación al plano horizontal de la gorra (4) se produce en su articulación con la protusión (6) del elemento distribuidor radial (1), posibilitando así una sujeción firme de la parte occipital inferior de la cabeza. La flecha representada en la zona ampliada de esta figura indica las posibilidades de ajuste del elemento occipital (2) en el elemento distribuidor radial, hasta encontrar una posición final en la que dicho distribuidor quede localizado por encima del centro de gravedad de la cabeza. El sistema de articulación del elemento occipital (2) puede estar constituido por una protuberancia (6) como se muestra en la figura, o por otros sistemas que permitan su correcta articulación ajustable, como puede ser un sistema de lazos y ganchos o un clip.  Figure 2 shows the work axis (Y) of the occipital element. It can be seen how the change of direction of this axis in relation to the horizontal plane of the cap (4) occurs in its articulation with the protusion (6) of the radial distributor element (1), thus enabling a firm hold of the occipital part lower head. The arrow represented in the enlarged area of this figure indicates the possibilities of adjustment of the occipital element (2) in the radial distributor element, until a final position is found in which said distributor is located above the center of gravity of the head. The articulation system of the occipital element (2) can be constituted by a protuberance (6) as shown in the figure, or by other systems that allow its correct adjustable articulation, such as a system of loops and hooks or a clip.
En la figura 3 se representan los límites (χ-χ') entre los que se encuentra, en todos los casos, el centro de gravedad de la cabeza, es decir entre el borde posterior de la oreja y un centímetro posterior al borde externo del reborde orbitario, siendo este por lo tanto el espacio donde debe situarse el elemento distribuidor radial de tensión. Las flechas de esta figura indican la dirección radial con la que se transmiten las tensiones producidas por la sujeción de la cabeza, hacia la parte superior del puente. Figure 3 shows the limits (χ-entre ' ) between which, in all cases, the center of gravity of the head is found, that is, between the posterior edge of the ear and a centimeter posterior to the external edge of the orbital flange, this being therefore the space where the radial tension distributor element should be located. The arrows in this figure indicate the radial direction with which the tensions produced by the head restraint are transmitted, towards the top of the bridge.
En la figura 4 se representa una gorra suspendida desde un brazo de suspensión (9) que está anclado en el reposacabezas de un automóvil mediante un soporte rígido (10). Entre la frente del pasajero y la gorra o la visera se puede colocar una esponja, o un elemento blando similar, para mayor confort del usuario. Del elemento occipital se puede colgar de forma opcional una cinta (11) para que el usuario se apoye sobre ella en el respaldo del asiento, evitando así que la gorra salga volando cuando se desprende de la cabeza en caso de accidente. Esta cinta sólo está anclada en la zona central del elemento occipital, mientras que en el otro extremo dicha cinta está sujetada por el propio peso del usuario cuando está sentado. En la realización preferida, el tirante (8) tiene un diseño en forma de escalera de mano que se introduce en el brazo de suspensión (9) en dirección antero-posterior, es decir contraria al sentido de la marcha, permitiendo así que dicho tirante se desplace hacia delante por el empuje de la cabeza en el transcurso de una colisión frontal, desprendiéndose finalmente del brazo de suspensión. La facilidad con la que se produce este desplazamiento del tirante superior hacia delante depende del polímero elastómero utilizado en su fabricación, y por ello de su rozamiento con el brazo de suspensión, así como del tamaño de unas muescas realizadas en la superficie del mismo. Con ello se consigue que el desplazamiento, y por tanto su desprendimiento, no se produzca cuando el valor de desaceleración no supera los 5 G. Figure 4 shows a cap suspended from a suspension arm (9) that is anchored in the headrest of a car by a rigid support (10). A sponge, or a similar soft element, can be placed between the passenger's forehead and the cap or visor, for greater user comfort. From the occipital element a tape (11) can be hung optionally so that the user rests on it on the back of the seat, thus preventing the cap from flying when it is detaches from the head in case of accident. This tape is only anchored in the central area of the occipital element, while at the other end said tape is held by the user's own weight when seated. In the preferred embodiment, the strap (8) has a ladder-shaped design that is inserted into the suspension arm (9) in the antero-posterior direction, that is to say contrary to the direction of travel, thus allowing said strap move forward by pushing the head during a frontal collision, finally detaching itself from the suspension arm. The ease with which this movement of the upper tie is produced forwards depends on the elastomeric polymer used in its manufacture, and therefore on its friction with the suspension arm, as well as the size of notches made on the surface thereof. This means that the displacement, and therefore its detachment, does not occur when the deceleration value does not exceed 5 G.
En la figura 5 se representa una visera (4) con el elemento distribuidor radial de tensión cuando este no es una pieza individualizada, como en la realización preferida de las figuras precedentes, sino el propio extremo de un puente rígido (12) a ambos lados la visera. Se muestra una sutura única (13) con la que el extremo del puente se cose a la visera conservando la capacidad de rotar en relación a la misma, y una profusión (14) donde el elemento occipital (2) se articula con el puente y donde se ajusta tanto su longitud como su dirección. Las flechas blancas representan como el extremo del puente recoge las fuerzas producidas durante la sujeción de la cabeza desde la parte delantera y trasera de la visera y desde el elemento occipital, proyectándolas a continuación por dicho puente en dirección hacia arriba.  In figure 5 a visor (4) is shown with the radial tension distributor element when this is not an individualized piece, as in the preferred embodiment of the preceding figures, but the very end of a rigid bridge (12) on both sides the visor. A single suture (13) is shown, with which the end of the bridge is sewn to the visor while retaining the ability to rotate in relation to it, and a profusion (14) where the occipital element (2) is articulated with the bridge and where it adjusts both its length and its direction. The white arrows represent how the end of the bridge picks up the forces produced while holding the head from the front and rear of the visor and from the occipital element, then projecting them by said bridge in the upward direction.
En la figura 6 se representa la rotación (A→B) que se produce en el puente en relación a la gorra o visera durante un periodo de desaceleración del vehículo, que es debida a la tracción realizada por el tirante superior cuando la cabeza se desplaza hacia delante. En la figura 7 se representa una de las realizaciones para articular el puente (3) con el tirante (8), a efectos de que se pueda desprender del mismo cuando la tracción supera un determinado valor. La forma trapezoidal (14) representada hace que el tirante, que tiene una cierta elasticidad, no se desprenda hasta que se alcanza una determinada desaceleración, preferentemente cuando su valor supera 5 G. Figure 6 shows the rotation (A → B) that occurs in the bridge in relation to the cap or visor during a period of deceleration of the vehicle, which is due to the traction made by the upper strap when the head moves forward. Figure 7 shows one of the embodiments for articulating the bridge (3) with the tie rod (8), so that it can be detached from it when the traction exceeds a certain value. The trapezoidal shape (14) represented means that the strap, which has a certain elasticity, does not come off until a certain deceleration is reached, preferably when its value exceeds 5 G.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Gorra o visera de seguridad para sujetar la cabeza de usuarios de vehículos, que no contiene ningún elemento para apoyar la mandíbula, estando caracterizada la gorra o visera de seguridad porque está suspendida siempre desde un punto situado por encima de la cabeza del usuario, mediante un tirante (8) que cuelga de un elemento de suspensión (9), lo que permite que se desprenda siempre por encima de la cabeza en caso de accidente, y consiste en una gorra o visera (4), en la que se sujeta una pieza (1), que actúa como distribuidor radial de tensión y que tiene un elemento (5) para la articulación y rotación de un puente (3), por el que se transmiten hacia arriba las tensiones producidas en la sujeción de la cabeza, y tiene un sistema de enganche (6), para articular un elemento occipital (2) flexible, en el que puede ajustarse tanto la dirección como la longitud de este último para adaptarse a todas las formas y tamaños de cabeza, y garantizar que el elemento distribuidor radial de tensión (1), y por lo tanto la zona del puente articulada en el mismo, quede posicionado en una zona localizada por encima del centro de gravedad de la cabeza. 1. Safety cap or visor to hold the head of vehicle users, which does not contain any element to support the jaw, the safety cap or visor being characterized because it is always suspended from a point above the user's head, by means of a strap (8) that hangs from a suspension element (9), which allows it to always come off over the head in case of an accident, and consists of a cap or visor (4), in which it is held a piece (1), which acts as a radial tension distributor and has an element (5) for the articulation and rotation of a bridge (3), through which the tensions produced in the head restraint are transmitted upwards, and has a hook system (6), to articulate a flexible occipital element (2), in which both the direction and length of the latter can be adjusted to fit all head shapes and sizes, and ensure that the element distributor radial tension (1), and therefore the area of the bridge articulated therein, is positioned in an area located above the center of gravity of the head.
2. Gorra o visera de seguridad para sujetar la cabeza de usuarios de vehículos, según la reivindicación 1 , en la que el sistema de enganche (6) para articular el elemento occipital (2) con dicha gorra o visera consiste en un clip, un sistema de orificios y protuberancias, o en lazos y ganchos en los que se ajusta dicho elemento. 2. Safety cap or visor for securing the head of vehicle users according to claim 1, wherein the hooking system (6) for articulating the occipital element (2) with said cap or visor consists of a clip, a system of holes and protuberances, or loops and hooks in which said element is adjusted.
3. Gorra o visera de seguridad para sujetar la cabeza de usuarios de vehículos, según la reivindicación 1 , en la que la zona del puente (3) que está articulada con el tirante (8) tiene una forma que permite que este último se desprenda cuando se alcanza una desaceleración predeterminada, preferentemente cuando su valor supera 5 G. 3. Safety cap or visor for securing the head of vehicle users according to claim 1, wherein the area of the bridge (3) that is articulated with the strap (8) has a shape that allows the latter to detach when a predetermined deceleration is reached, preferably when its value exceeds 5 G.
4. Gorra o visera de seguridad para sujetar la cabeza de usuarios de vehículos, según la reivindicación 1, en la que los materiales utilizados en la composición de la gorra o visera (4), el elemento distribuidor de tensión (1), el puente (3), el elemento occipital (2), el tirante (8), y el elemento de suspensión (9), son papel, tela, plástico y polímeros elastómeros o similares, evitándose la presencia de materiales metálicos o agudos peligrosos. 4. Safety cap or visor for securing the head of vehicle users according to claim 1, wherein the materials used in the composition of the cap or visor (4), the tension distributor element (1), the bridge (3), the occipital element (2), the brace (8), and the suspension element (9), are paper, cloth, plastic and elastomeric polymers or the like, avoiding the presence of dangerous metallic or acute materials.
5. Gorra o visera de seguridad para sujetar la cabeza de usuarios de vehículos, según la reivindicación 1 , en la que se incluye una cinta (11) que cuelga de la parte posterior del elemento occipital (2) y se sitúa entre el usuario y el asiento del vehículo, para que la espalda se apoye sobre dicha cinta evitando que la gorra o visera (4) salga volando cuando se desprende de la cabeza en caso de accidente. 5. Safety cap or visor for securing the head of vehicle users according to claim 1, wherein a tape (11) is included that hangs from the back of the occipital element (2) and is positioned between the user and the seat of the vehicle, so that the back rests on said belt preventing the cap or visor (4) from flying when it comes off the head in case of an accident.
6. Gorra o visera de seguridad para sujetar la cabeza de usuarios de vehículos, que no necesita ningún elemento para apoyar la mandíbula, estando caracterizada la gorra o visera de seguridad porque está suspendida siempre desde un elemento de suspensión (9) situado por encima de la cabeza del usuario mediante un tirante con orificios (8), permitiendo dichos orificios que el tirante sea colgado siguiendo una dirección antero-posterior contraria al sentido de la marcha, y facilitando que dicho tirante se desprenda por encima de la cabeza en caso de sufrir una colisión frontal, consistiendo el resto de la invención en una gorra o visera (4) en la que se sujetan mediante costura, tela, o similar, los extremos distales (12) de un puente (3), de forma que permita la rotación del mismo en relación a la gorra o visera y que actúe como elemento distribuidor radial de tensión, recogiendo y trasladando hacia arriba las tensiones producidas en dicha gorra o visera durante la sujeción de la cabeza, y un elemento occipital (2) flexible que puede ajustarse en longitud y dirección para adaptarse a todas las formas y tamaños de cabeza, garantizando que los extremos del puente (12) permanecen siempre posicionados en la zona que está por encima del centro de gravedad de la cabeza. 6. Safety cap or visor to hold the head of vehicle users, which does not need any element to support the jaw, the safety cap or visor being characterized because it is always suspended from a suspension element (9) located above the user's head by means of a strap with holes (8), said holes allowing the strap to be hung following an anteroposterior direction contrary to the direction of travel, and facilitating said strap to detach over the head in case of suffering a frontal collision, the rest of the invention consisting of a cap or visor (4) in which the distal ends (12) of a bridge (3) are fastened by sewing, fabric, or the like, so as to allow rotation thereof in relation to the cap or visor and acting as a radial tension distributing element, collecting and moving upwards the tensions produced in said cap or visor during clamping of the head, and a flexible occipital element (2) that can be adjusted in length and direction to adapt to all head shapes and sizes, ensuring that the ends of the bridge (12) always remain positioned in the area above the center of gravity of the head.
PCT/ES2013/000249 2013-01-11 2013-11-11 Safety cap or visor for holding the heads of vehicle users WO2014108580A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP201300044 2013-01-11
ES201300044A ES2485541B1 (en) 2013-01-11 2013-01-11 Radial tension distributor for vertical head restraint devices without mandibular support
ESPCT/ES2013/000126 2013-05-27
ES2013000126 2013-05-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014108580A1 true WO2014108580A1 (en) 2014-07-17

Family

ID=51293349

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/ES2013/000249 WO2014108580A1 (en) 2013-01-11 2013-11-11 Safety cap or visor for holding the heads of vehicle users

Country Status (2)

Country Link
ES (1) ES2485541B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014108580A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2669477C1 (en) * 2017-09-05 2018-10-11 Александр Александрович Воробьёв Device for for compensating head weight

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US70555A (en) 1867-11-05 Robert hale
US1837406A (en) * 1929-10-18 1931-12-22 Susie S Campbell Head rest
US1855408A (en) 1930-06-16 1932-04-26 Manuel A Montenegro Head rest
US2828735A (en) 1956-06-19 1958-04-01 Belton S Thompson Traction device
US2949152A (en) 1956-05-28 1960-08-16 Herbert E Hipps Chair brace
US5010898A (en) 1989-05-16 1991-04-30 Mara Teixeira De Freitas Head supporting and sustaining apparatus
US5658245A (en) 1994-06-24 1997-08-19 Mcginnis; Cathy D. Therapeutic tension applying travel aid apparatus attachable to a seat
US6301716B1 (en) 1999-07-30 2001-10-16 Robert C. Ross Head support assembly
WO2007031153A2 (en) 2005-09-12 2007-03-22 Hartmut Schmuecker Head single-point and head two-point safety belt system
EP2255995B1 (en) 2008-03-24 2011-12-28 Siesta Systems, S.a. Suspended vertical head restraint for vehicle seats
US8287045B1 (en) 2011-02-25 2012-10-16 Donohue Thomas P Head restraint for a vehicle child seat

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US70555A (en) 1867-11-05 Robert hale
US1837406A (en) * 1929-10-18 1931-12-22 Susie S Campbell Head rest
US1855408A (en) 1930-06-16 1932-04-26 Manuel A Montenegro Head rest
US2949152A (en) 1956-05-28 1960-08-16 Herbert E Hipps Chair brace
US2828735A (en) 1956-06-19 1958-04-01 Belton S Thompson Traction device
US5010898A (en) 1989-05-16 1991-04-30 Mara Teixeira De Freitas Head supporting and sustaining apparatus
US5658245A (en) 1994-06-24 1997-08-19 Mcginnis; Cathy D. Therapeutic tension applying travel aid apparatus attachable to a seat
US6301716B1 (en) 1999-07-30 2001-10-16 Robert C. Ross Head support assembly
WO2007031153A2 (en) 2005-09-12 2007-03-22 Hartmut Schmuecker Head single-point and head two-point safety belt system
EP2255995B1 (en) 2008-03-24 2011-12-28 Siesta Systems, S.a. Suspended vertical head restraint for vehicle seats
ES2376973T3 (en) * 2008-03-24 2012-03-21 Siesta Systems, S.A. Hanging device for vertical head restraint for vehicle seats
US8287045B1 (en) 2011-02-25 2012-10-16 Donohue Thomas P Head restraint for a vehicle child seat

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2669477C1 (en) * 2017-09-05 2018-10-11 Александр Александрович Воробьёв Device for for compensating head weight

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2485541A1 (en) 2014-08-13
ES2485541B1 (en) 2015-10-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ES2376973T4 (en) Hanging device for vertical head restraint for vehicle seats
ES2747254T3 (en) Head retention element
ES2212520T3 (en) CERVICAL COLLAR.
ES2463419T3 (en) Head and neck support device
ES2534479T3 (en) Cervical collar
US20060061186A1 (en) Baby head sleeping support system for car seat
WO2017005949A1 (en) Head and neck suspension and support device
ES2746953T3 (en) Stroller head support
ES2369635T3 (en) A SEAT BELT.
KR200469068Y1 (en) A waded baby wrapper having hip-seat
CN105263366A (en) Head restraint and seat for enhancing travel comfort
US6860563B1 (en) Device for preventing or reducing tipping of the head
ES2774688T3 (en) Seat belt retention device
WO2014108580A1 (en) Safety cap or visor for holding the heads of vehicle users
US9364369B2 (en) Head and neck support apparatus
WO2013154411A1 (en) Versatile head support
BR112021002923A2 (en) head stabilizer, and portable head stabilizer
ES2574501B1 (en) DEVICE FOR THE IMMOBILIZATION OF CHILDREN ACCIDENTED IN CHAIRS FOR TRANSPORTATION IN ROAD VEHICLES, AND HOW TO USE
ES2277228T3 (en) PROTECTIVE HELMET FOR BABIES.
ES2325239B1 (en) AUTOMATIC SECURITY BELT.
ES2543279B1 (en) Clamping device that prevents the fall and rotation of a passenger's head and acts as a scaffold that rests on the trapezius muscle
ES2608869B1 (en) DEVICE FOR HOLDING THE HEAD IN SEATS
ES2555788A1 (en) Ergonomic head and neck support system (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
WO2015040255A1 (en) Head restraint device
US9371018B1 (en) Head restraint apparatus

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 13871212

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

DPE1 Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101)
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 13871212

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1