WO2014180645A1 - Method for operating a heating system for a drying section of a machine for producing or treating a fibrous web, and heating system - Google Patents

Method for operating a heating system for a drying section of a machine for producing or treating a fibrous web, and heating system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014180645A1
WO2014180645A1 PCT/EP2014/057861 EP2014057861W WO2014180645A1 WO 2014180645 A1 WO2014180645 A1 WO 2014180645A1 EP 2014057861 W EP2014057861 W EP 2014057861W WO 2014180645 A1 WO2014180645 A1 WO 2014180645A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating
steam
group
heating system
heating group
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PCT/EP2014/057861
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Martin Dauner
Original Assignee
Voith Patent Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102013208567.2A external-priority patent/DE102013208567A1/en
Application filed by Voith Patent Gmbh filed Critical Voith Patent Gmbh
Priority to EP14718408.9A priority Critical patent/EP2994570B1/en
Priority to CN201480026071.7A priority patent/CN105189865A/en
Publication of WO2014180645A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014180645A1/en

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/20—Waste heat recovery
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/02—Drying on cylinders
    • D21F5/022—Heating the cylinders
    • D21F5/028—Heating the cylinders using steam
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/02—Drying on cylinders
    • D21F5/04—Drying on cylinders on two or more drying cylinders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a heating system of a machine for producing or treating a fibrous web, in particular a paper or board web, wherein the heating system is designed as a cascade vapor system, which comprises at least a first and a second heating group and these each at least two with steam heated drying cylinders, wherein the first heating group is the one which comprises the first drying cylinder seen in the web running direction, and wherein a separator is present, which separates the residual steam from the condensate after flowing through the drying cylinders of the first heating group. Furthermore, the invention relates to such a heating system.
  • Heating systems with multiple heating groups and a separator are well known in the art.
  • the heating system is supplied with the Hauptmoredampf and fed directly into at least the heating group with the highest vapor pressure. After flowing through the drying cylinders of this heating group, the flow-through steam and the condensate are separated in a separator.
  • the flow-through steam is fed to a heating group with a lower vapor pressure and optionally also supplemented with steam from the main heating steam line.
  • the residual steam from the separator of the first heating group is condensed via a water-cooled condenser. The heat energy of the residual steam can not be used and is lost.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the operation and arrangement of such a heating system so that the energy consumption is reduced at the same heat output.
  • the object is achieved for the method in that a Thernnokonnpressor is present, which sucks the residual steam from the separator after the first heating group, this compresses with motive steam to the pressure level of the heating steam, which prevails before the first heating group, and this the first heating group fed again as heating steam, wherein the main heating steam of the heating system is used as motive steam.
  • thermocompressor is provided, which is designed so that it suck the residual steam from the separator after the first heating group, compress this with motive steam to the pressure level of the heating steam, which prevails before the first heating group and this can be supplied to the first heating group again as heating steam, wherein the motive steam line of the thermocompressor is connected to the Hauptchaindampf nie the heating system.
  • thermocompressor works on the principle of the steam jet pump.
  • thermocompressors per se as known in other applications, the prior art requires high pressure steam from a separate second steam network, e.g. at 13 bar abs or more. This is complex in the installation and expensive in operation.
  • the advantage of the invention is that the main heating steam of the heating system is used as motive steam for the thermocompressor. This eliminates the need for an additional second steam system to provide high pressure steam. Since the high-pressure steam is much more expensive than the normal Schofinddampf and in the case of cogeneration also power efficiency is lost, the design of the invention is not only in energy consumption of advantage, but also cheaper to operate. The heat energy of the residual steam of the first heating group can still be effectively used without the need for additional expensive high-pressure steam is necessary.
  • the pressure of Haupttogetherdampfes the maximum available pressure is referred to, with which the steam from the main steam line for heating the cylinder can be supplied to the heating system. Further advantageous features of the embodiment according to the invention can be found in the subclaims.
  • the invention can be used for heating systems that heat a pre-dryer section or a post-dryer section (after a surface application) or combined pre and post-dryer section.
  • the heating steam before the first heating group has a pressure of less than 3 bar abs, preferably less than 2 bar abs.
  • the HauptChdampf and thus the motive steam can have a pressure of at most 10 bar abs, preferably of at most 8 bar abs, more preferably of at most 4 bar abs.
  • the heating steam, which is supplied to the second heating group have a higher pressure than the heating steam, which is supplied to the first heating group.
  • the separator can be operated under reduced pressure with a pressure less than 1 bar abs.
  • the negative pressure in the separator can be generated substantially by the thermocompressor.
  • the steam supplied by the thermocompressor to the first heating group may advantageously constitute at least 20%, preferably at least 30% of the total heating steam supplied to the first heating group.
  • the first heating group is the one with the lowest heating steam pressure in the heating system.
  • the separator may advantageously be connected to a vacuum pump which discharges non-condensable gases from the heating system.
  • the first heating group comprises between 3 and 10 steam-heated drying cylinders.
  • the thermocompressor may be the only thermocompressor in the whole heating system.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic representation of the considered in the web running direction first heating group of a heating system according to the prior art
  • Figure 2 is a simplified schematic representation of the considered in the web running direction first heating group an exemplary embodiment of the heating system according to the invention
  • FIG 3 is a simplified schematic representation of the first heating group, viewed in the web running direction, of an exemplary embodiment of the heating system according to the invention applied to a thermocompressor system.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the first heating group 10 of a heating system according to the prior art viewed in the web running direction L.
  • the broth steam 12 is considered from the second heating stage or heating group 14, as viewed in the web running direction L, according to one of these associated or downstream separators 16 in the steam flow direction F considered subsequent first heating group 10 passed at a lower pressure level.
  • Mixture with live steam 18 produces mixed steam (heating steam) 20, which is used to heat the drying cylinder (s) 22-30 of the first heating group 10 viewed in the web running direction L.
  • first heating group 10 which is the last group in the heating system
  • the Restbrüdendampf 33 from one of the first heating group 10 associated or downstream separator 32 is passed into a vapor condenser 34 and completely condensed with cooling water 36.
  • the condensate is subsequently returned to the separator 32 assigned to the first heating group 10.
  • steam and condensate from the second heating group 14 are fed to the separator 16 assigned or connected downstream of the second heating group 14. Condensate from the two separators 16 and 32 is discharged into a condensate collection tank.
  • the first heating group 10 associated or downstream separator 32 is supplied via a line 38, steam, condensate and air, for example, leakage air to flanges.
  • the residual vapor 33 coming from the separator 32 and supplied to the vapor condenser 34 may contain an air / vapor mixture.
  • the drying cylinders 22 - 28 are acted upon by control valves 42 with pneumatic control with mixed steam 20, which are each controlled by a pressure regulator 44.
  • an air separator 40 is provided between the vapor condenser 34 and the separator 32.
  • a pressure control valve 48 with pneumatic control which can be activated again via a pressure regulator 46, is used to set the operating parameter of a vacuum pump 50, wherein the operating parameter can be, for example, the pressure P v .
  • a speed control can be provided in the separator 32 in the separator 32 there is no stratification air / steam, since no air is sucked out.
  • 2 shows, in a simplified schematic representation, the first heating group 52, viewed in the web running direction L, of an exemplary embodiment of the heating system according to the invention.
  • the heating system is as a cascade steam system trained and used, for example, the treatment of a fibrous web, in particular a paper, cardboard or tissue web.
  • Such a cascade vapor system usually comprises at least two or more heating groups, each comprising one or more heating stages, each containing one or more steam-heated drying cylinders.
  • the first heating group 52 comprises, for example, three heating stages 54-58.
  • the first two heating stages 54, 56 each comprise only one drying cylinder 60 or 62, for example, while the third heating stage 58 in the present case includes two drying cylinders 64 and 66.
  • the first heating group 52 comprises a total of between three and ten steam-heated drying cylinders 60, 62, 64, 66.
  • Means are provided for compressing the residual vapor steam 68 remaining after the last heating stage or group 52 of the heating system, viewed in the flow direction F of the steam or heating steam, and returning it to the heating system.
  • the residual vapor steam 68 is removed from one of the last heating stage or group 52 assigned or downstream separator 70.
  • thermocompressor 74 For thermal compression of the residual vapor steam 68, a thermocompressor 74 is provided according to the invention.
  • the residual-charge steam 68 in the thermocompressor 74 can be compressed, in particular, with live steam.
  • the drying cylinder (s) 60 - 66 of the last heating stage or group 52 can be heated with mixed steam 76.
  • the residual vapor steam 68 can be compressed by compression to the pressure of the mixture vapor 76 and supplied thereto. However, the residual vapor 68 can also be compressed by compression to the pressure of the mixture vapor in the respective supply lines to the heating stages 56 and / or 54 and only this or in addition to these are supplied.
  • Non-condensable gases entering the vacuum heating system can optionally be removed via one or more vacuum pumps 78 from the separator 70 assigned to the last heating stage or group 52.
  • the temperature of the drying cylinders 60-66, 80 may generally increase in the web running direction L.
  • the flow direction F of the heating steam is correspondingly opposite to the web running direction L when heating groups are connected in series.
  • the required extraction of air may, for example, take place to a condenser 86 and / or via a line 88 leading to the vacuum pump or pumps 78. Between the condenser 86 and the separator 70, an air separator 87 may be provided.
  • FIG 3 shows, in a simplified schematic representation, a first heating group 52, viewed in the direction of web travel L, of a comparable exemplary embodiment of the method applied to a thermocompressor system heating system according to the invention, in which steam of a heating group is completely recirculated.
  • this first heating group 52 again comprises, for example, three heating stages 54-58.
  • a thermocompressor 74 is provided according to the invention.
  • the required air extraction for example, again to the condenser 86 and / or via the line 88, which leads to the one or more vacuum pumps 78. Between the condenser 86 and the separator 70, an air separator 87 may again be provided.
  • thermocompressor 74 which sucks the residual steam from the separator 70 after the first heating group 10, this with motive steam to the pressure level of the heating steam 20, which prevails before the first heating group 10 , Compressed and this the first heating group 10 again as heating steam 20 supplies, being used as the driving steam Hauptchaindampf the heating system.
  • the thermocompressor 74 according to the invention is the only thermocompressor in the entire heating system.
  • the heating steam 20 has before the first heating group a pressure of less than 3 bar abs, preferably less than 2 bar abs, while the HauptChdampf and thus the motive steam, a pressure of 10 bar abs, preferably at most 8 bar abs, particularly preferably of not more than 4 bar abs.
  • a pressure of 10 bar abs preferably at most 8 bar abs, particularly preferably of not more than 4 bar abs.
  • the separator 70 is connected to a vacuum pump which discharges non-condensable gases from the heating system.
  • the separator 70 is operated under reduced pressure with a pressure of less than 1 bar abs, the negative pressure in the separator 70 being generated essentially by the thermocompressor 74.
  • the steam supplied by the thermocompressor 74 to the first heating group 10 amounts to at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, of the total heating steam supplied to the first heating group 10.
  • the first heating group 10 is the one with the lowest heating steam pressure in the heating system.

Abstract

Heating system for a machine for producing or treating a fibrous web, in particular a paper or cardboard web, and method for operating such a heating system, wherein the heating system comprises at least a first and a second heating group and the latter each comprise at least two steam-heated drying cylinders (60-66), wherein the first heating group (52) is the one which comprises the first drying cylinder (60-66), as seen in the web running direction, wherein provision is made of a separator (70) which, following flow through the drying cylinder (60-66) of the first heating group (52), separates residual steam from the condensate, and wherein provision is made of a thermocompressor (74) which sucks in the residual steam downstream of the first heating group (52), compresses said residual steam with propellant steam to the pressure level that prevails upstream of the first heating group (52), and feeds said steam back to the first heating group (52) as heating steam, wherein the propellant steam is at a pressure which is not greater than the pressure of the main heating steam of the heating system.

Description

Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Heizsystem für eine Trockenpartie einer Maschine zur Herstellung oder Behandlung einer Faserstoff bahn und  Method for operating a heating system for a dryer section of a machine for producing or treating a fibrous web and
Heizsystem  heating system
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren für den Betrieb eines Heizsystems einer Maschine zur Herstellung oder Behandlung einer Faserstoffbahn, insbesondere einer Papier- oder Kartonbahn, wobei das Heizsystem als Kaskadendampfsystem ausgebildet ist, welches zumindest eine erste und eine zweite Heizgruppe umfasst und diese jeweils mindestens zwei mit Dampf beheizte Trockenzylinder umfassen, wobei die erste Heizgruppe diejenige ist, die die in Bahnlaufrichtung gesehen ersten Trockenzylinder umfasst, und wobei ein Separator vorhanden ist, der nach dem Durchströmen der Trockenzylinder der ersten Heizgruppe den Restdampf vom Kondensat trennt. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein solches Heizsystem. The invention relates to a method for operating a heating system of a machine for producing or treating a fibrous web, in particular a paper or board web, wherein the heating system is designed as a cascade vapor system, which comprises at least a first and a second heating group and these each at least two with steam heated drying cylinders, wherein the first heating group is the one which comprises the first drying cylinder seen in the web running direction, and wherein a separator is present, which separates the residual steam from the condensate after flowing through the drying cylinders of the first heating group. Furthermore, the invention relates to such a heating system.
Heizsysteme mit mehreren Heizgruppen und einem Separator sind im Stand der Technik zahlreich bekannt. Dem Heizsystem wird der Hauptheizdampf zugeführt und zumindest in die Heizgruppe mit dem höchsten Dampfdruck direkt zugeführt. Nach dem Durchströmen der Trockenzylinder dieser Heizgruppe werden der Durchströmdampf und das Kondensat in einem Separator getrennt. Der Durchströmdampf wird im Falle eines Kaskaden-Heizsystems einer Heizgruppe mit niedrigerem Dampfdruck zugeführt und gegebenenfalls noch mit Dampf aus der Hauptheizdampfleitung ergänzt. Der Restdampf aus dem Separator der ersten Heizgruppe wird über einen wassergekühlten Kondensator kondensiert. Die Wärmeenergie des Restdampfes kann dabei nicht mehr genutzt werden und geht verloren. Heating systems with multiple heating groups and a separator are well known in the art. The heating system is supplied with the Hauptheizdampf and fed directly into at least the heating group with the highest vapor pressure. After flowing through the drying cylinders of this heating group, the flow-through steam and the condensate are separated in a separator. In the case of a cascade heating system, the flow-through steam is fed to a heating group with a lower vapor pressure and optionally also supplemented with steam from the main heating steam line. The residual steam from the separator of the first heating group is condensed via a water-cooled condenser. The heat energy of the residual steam can not be used and is lost.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Betriebsweise und Anordnung eines solchen Heizsystems so zu verbessern, dass der Energieverbrauch bei gleicher Heizleistung verringert wird. Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß für das Verfahren dadurch gelöst, dass ein Thernnokonnpressor vorhanden ist, der den Restdampf aus dem Separator nach der ersten Heizgruppe ansaugt, diesen mit Treibdampf auf das Druckniveau des Heizdampfes, das vor der ersten Heizgruppe herrscht, komprimiert und diesen der ersten Heizgruppe wieder als Heizdampf zuführt, wobei als Treibdampf der Hauptheizdampf des Heizsystems verwendet wird. The object of the invention is to improve the operation and arrangement of such a heating system so that the energy consumption is reduced at the same heat output. The object is achieved for the method in that a Thernnokonnpressor is present, which sucks the residual steam from the separator after the first heating group, this compresses with motive steam to the pressure level of the heating steam, which prevails before the first heating group, and this the first heating group fed again as heating steam, wherein the main heating steam of the heating system is used as motive steam.
Für das Heizsystem wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass ein Thermokompressor vorhanden ist, der so ausgebildet ist, dass er den Restdampf aus dem Separator nach der ersten Heizgruppe ansaugen, diesen mit Treibdampf auf das Druckniveau des Heizdampfes, das vor der ersten Heizgruppe herrscht, komprimieren und diesen der ersten Heizgruppe wieder als Heizdampf zuführen kann, wobei die Treibdampfleitung des Thermokompressors an die Hauptheizdampfleitung des Heizsystems angeschlossen ist. For the heating system, the object is achieved in that a thermocompressor is provided, which is designed so that it suck the residual steam from the separator after the first heating group, compress this with motive steam to the pressure level of the heating steam, which prevails before the first heating group and this can be supplied to the first heating group again as heating steam, wherein the motive steam line of the thermocompressor is connected to the Hauptheizdampfleitung the heating system.
Der Thermokompressor arbeitet nach dem Prinzip der Dampfstrahlpumpe. Für Thermokompressoren an sich, wie sie in anderen Anwendungen bekannt sind, wird nach dem Stand der Technik Hochdruckdampf aus einem separaten zweiten Dampfnetz benötigt, z.B. bei 13 bar abs oder mehr. Dies ist in der Installation aufwändig und im Betrieb teuer. The thermocompressor works on the principle of the steam jet pump. For thermocompressors per se, as known in other applications, the prior art requires high pressure steam from a separate second steam network, e.g. at 13 bar abs or more. This is complex in the installation and expensive in operation.
Der Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, dass als Treibdampf für den Thermokompressor der Hauptheizdampf des Heizsystems verwendet wird. Dadurch ist kein zusätzliches zweites Dampfsystem zur Bereitstellung von Hochdruckdampf notwendig. Da der Hochdruckdampf sehr viel teurer ist als der normale Hauptheizdampf und im Falle eine Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung auch noch Stromausbeute verloren geht, ist die erfindungsgemäße Ausführung nicht nur im Energieverbrauch von Vorteil, sondern auch kostengünstiger zu betreiben. Die Wärmeenergie des Restdampfes der ersten Heizgruppe kann effektiv noch genutzt werden, ohne dass dafür zusätzlicher teurer Hochdruckdampf notwendig ist. Als Druck des Hauptheizdampfes wird der maximal zur Verfügung stehende Druck bezeichnet, mit dem der Dampf aus der Hauptdampfleitung zur Beheizung der Zylinder dem Heizsystem zugeführt werden kann. Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale der erfindungsgemäßen Ausführung finden sich in den Unteransprüchen. The advantage of the invention is that the main heating steam of the heating system is used as motive steam for the thermocompressor. This eliminates the need for an additional second steam system to provide high pressure steam. Since the high-pressure steam is much more expensive than the normal Hauptheizdampf and in the case of cogeneration also power efficiency is lost, the design of the invention is not only in energy consumption of advantage, but also cheaper to operate. The heat energy of the residual steam of the first heating group can still be effectively used without the need for additional expensive high-pressure steam is necessary. The pressure of Hauptheizdampfes the maximum available pressure is referred to, with which the steam from the main steam line for heating the cylinder can be supplied to the heating system. Further advantageous features of the embodiment according to the invention can be found in the subclaims.
Die Erfindung lässt sich für Heizsysteme anwenden, die eine Vortrockenpartie oder eine Nachtrockenpartie (nach einem Oberflächenauftrag) oder kombiniert Vor- und Nachtrockenpartie beheizen. The invention can be used for heating systems that heat a pre-dryer section or a post-dryer section (after a surface application) or combined pre and post-dryer section.
Bevorzugt kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Heizdampf vor der ersten Heizgruppe einen Druck von weniger als 3 bar abs, bevorzugt von weniger als 2 bar abs hat. Weiterhin bevorzugt kann der Hauptheizdampf und somit der Treibdampf einen Druck von höchsten 10 bar abs, bevorzugt von höchstens 8 bar abs, besonders bevorzugt von höchstens 4 bar abs haben. It can preferably be provided that the heating steam before the first heating group has a pressure of less than 3 bar abs, preferably less than 2 bar abs. Further preferably, the Hauptheizdampf and thus the motive steam can have a pressure of at most 10 bar abs, preferably of at most 8 bar abs, more preferably of at most 4 bar abs.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann der Heizdampf, der der zweiten Heizgruppe zugeführt wird, einen höheren Druck haben, als der Heizdampf, der der ersten Heizgruppe zugeführt wird. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heating steam, which is supplied to the second heating group, have a higher pressure than the heating steam, which is supplied to the first heating group.
Vorzugsweise kann der Separator im Unterdruck mit einem Druck kleiner als 1 bar abs betrieben werden. Preferably, the separator can be operated under reduced pressure with a pressure less than 1 bar abs.
Gemäß einem Aspekt der Erfindung kann der Unterdruck im Separator im Wesentlichen durch den Thermokompressor erzeugt werden. According to one aspect of the invention, the negative pressure in the separator can be generated substantially by the thermocompressor.
Der vom Thermokompressor zur ersten Heizgruppe zugeführte Dampf kann vorteilhafterweise mindestens 20%, bevorzugt mindestens 30% des gesamten zur ersten Heizgruppe zugeführten Heizdampfes ausmachen. Bevorzugt ist die erste Heizgruppe die mit dem niedrigsten Heizdampfdruck im Heizsystem. The steam supplied by the thermocompressor to the first heating group may advantageously constitute at least 20%, preferably at least 30% of the total heating steam supplied to the first heating group. Preferably, the first heating group is the one with the lowest heating steam pressure in the heating system.
Der Separator kann vorteilhafterweise mit einer Vakuumpumpe verbunden sein, die nicht-kondensierbare Gase aus dem Heizsystem ausschleust. The separator may advantageously be connected to a vacuum pump which discharges non-condensable gases from the heating system.
Gemäß einem Aspekt der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, dass die erste Heizgruppe zwischen 3 und 10 mit Dampf beheizte Trockenzylinder umfasst. Vorzugsweise kann der Thermokompressor der einzige Thermokompressor im ganzen Heizsystem sein. According to one aspect of the invention, it may be provided that the first heating group comprises between 3 and 10 steam-heated drying cylinders. Preferably, the thermocompressor may be the only thermocompressor in the whole heating system.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren beispielhaft ohne Beschränkung der Allgemeinheit näher beschrieben. In den Figuren zeigen: The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the figures by way of example without limiting the generality. In the figures show:
Fig. 1 eine vereinfachte schematische Darstellung der in Bahnlaufrichtung betrachtet ersten Heizgruppe eines Heizsystems gemäß dem Stand der Technik, Fig. 2 eine vereinfachte schematische Darstellung der in Bahnlaufrichtung betrachtet ersten Heizgruppe einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Heizsystems, und 1 is a simplified schematic representation of the considered in the web running direction first heating group of a heating system according to the prior art, Figure 2 is a simplified schematic representation of the considered in the web running direction first heating group an exemplary embodiment of the heating system according to the invention, and
Fig. 3 eine vereinfachte schematische Darstellung der in Bahnlaufrichtung betrachtet ersten Heizgruppe einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform des auf ein Thermokompressorsystem angewandten erfindungsgemäßen Heizsystems. 3 is a simplified schematic representation of the first heating group, viewed in the web running direction, of an exemplary embodiment of the heating system according to the invention applied to a thermocompressor system.
Fig. 1 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung die in Bahnlaufrichtung L betrachtet erste Heizgruppe 10 eines Heizsystems gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Dabei wird der Brüdendampf 12 aus der in Bahnlaufrichtung L betrachtet zweiten Heizstufe bzw. Heizgruppe 14 nach einem dieser zugeordneten bzw. nachgeordneten Abscheider 16 in die in Dampffließrichtung F betrachtet darauffolgende erste Heizgruppe 10 mit niedrigerem Druckniveau geleitet. Durch Vermischen mit Frischdampf 18 entsteht Gemischdampf (Heizdampf) 20, der zum Beheizen des bzw. der Trockenzylinder 22 - 30 der in Bahnlaufrichtung L betrachtet ersten Heizgruppe 10 verwendet wird. Nach dieser in Bahnlaufrichtung L betrachtet ersten Heizgruppe 10, bei der es sich um die letzte Gruppe im Heizsystem handelt, wird der Restbrüdendampf 33 aus einem der ersten Heizgruppe 10 zugeordneten oder nachgeordneten Abscheider 32 in einen Brüdenkondensator 34 geleitet und mit Kühlwasser 36 vollständig kondensiert. Das Kondensat wird anschließend in den der ersten Heizgruppe 10 zugeordneten Abscheider 32 zurückgeleitet. FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the first heating group 10 of a heating system according to the prior art viewed in the web running direction L. In this case, the broth steam 12 is considered from the second heating stage or heating group 14, as viewed in the web running direction L, according to one of these associated or downstream separators 16 in the steam flow direction F considered subsequent first heating group 10 passed at a lower pressure level. Mixture with live steam 18 produces mixed steam (heating steam) 20, which is used to heat the drying cylinder (s) 22-30 of the first heating group 10 viewed in the web running direction L. After this considered in the web running direction L first heating group 10, which is the last group in the heating system, the Restbrüdendampf 33 from one of the first heating group 10 associated or downstream separator 32 is passed into a vapor condenser 34 and completely condensed with cooling water 36. The condensate is subsequently returned to the separator 32 assigned to the first heating group 10.
Wie aus der Fig. 1 erkennbar, wird dem der zweiten Heizgruppe 14 zugeordneten bzw. nachgeschalteten Abscheider 16 Dampf und Kondensat aus der zweiten Heizgruppe 14 zugeführt. Kondensat aus den beiden Abscheidern 16 und 32 wird in einen Kondensatsammelbehälter abgeführt. Dem der ersten Heizgruppe 10 zugeordneten bzw. nachgeschalteten Abscheider 32 wird über eine Leitung 38 Dampf, Kondensat und Luft, beispielsweise Leckageluft an Flanschen, zugeführt. Der aus dem Abscheider 32 stammenden, dem Brüdenkondensator 34 zugeführte Restbrüdendampf 33 kann ein Luft/Dampf-Gemisch enthalten. Die Trockenzylinder 22 - 28 werden über Regelventile 42 mit pneumatischer Ansteuerung mit Gemischdampf 20 beaufschlagt, die jeweils über einen Druckregler 44 angesteuert werden. Zwischen dem Brüdenkondensator 34 und dem Abscheider 32 ist ein Luftabscheider 40 vorgesehen. Ein wieder über einen Druckregler 46 ansteuerbares Druckregelventil 48 mit pneumatischer Ansteuerung dient der Einstellung des Betriebsparameters einer Vakuumpumpe 50, wobei es sich bei dem Betriebsparameter beispielsweise um den Druck Pv handeln kann. Alternativ kann auch eine Drehzahlregelung vorgesehen sein. Im Abscheider 32 liegt keine Schichtung Luft/ Dampf vor, da keine Luft abgesaugt wird. Fig. 2 zeigt in vereinfachter schematischer Darstellung die in Bahnlaufrichtung L betrachtet erste Heizgruppe 52 einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Heizsystems. Das Heizsystem ist als Kaskadendampfsystem ausgebildet und dient beispielsweise der Behandlung einer Faserstoffbahn, insbesondere einer Papier-, Karton- oder Tissuebahn. Ein solches Kaskadendampfsystem umfasst gewöhnlich zumindest zwei oder auch mehrere Heizgruppen, die jeweils eine oder mehrere Heizstufen umfassen, die jeweils einen oder mehrere mit Dampf beheizte Trockenzylinder enthalten. As can be seen from FIG. 1, steam and condensate from the second heating group 14 are fed to the separator 16 assigned or connected downstream of the second heating group 14. Condensate from the two separators 16 and 32 is discharged into a condensate collection tank. The first heating group 10 associated or downstream separator 32 is supplied via a line 38, steam, condensate and air, for example, leakage air to flanges. The residual vapor 33 coming from the separator 32 and supplied to the vapor condenser 34 may contain an air / vapor mixture. The drying cylinders 22 - 28 are acted upon by control valves 42 with pneumatic control with mixed steam 20, which are each controlled by a pressure regulator 44. Between the vapor condenser 34 and the separator 32, an air separator 40 is provided. A pressure control valve 48 with pneumatic control, which can be activated again via a pressure regulator 46, is used to set the operating parameter of a vacuum pump 50, wherein the operating parameter can be, for example, the pressure P v . Alternatively, a speed control can be provided. In the separator 32 there is no stratification air / steam, since no air is sucked out. 2 shows, in a simplified schematic representation, the first heating group 52, viewed in the web running direction L, of an exemplary embodiment of the heating system according to the invention. The heating system is as a cascade steam system trained and used, for example, the treatment of a fibrous web, in particular a paper, cardboard or tissue web. Such a cascade vapor system usually comprises at least two or more heating groups, each comprising one or more heating stages, each containing one or more steam-heated drying cylinders.
Wie anhand der Fig. 2 zu erkennen ist, umfasst die erste Heizgruppe 52 beispielsweise drei Heizstufen 54 - 58. Dabei umfassen die beiden ersten Heizstufen 54, 56 beispielsweise jeweils nur einen Trockenzylinder 60 bzw. 62, während die dritte Heizstufe 58 im vorliegenden Fall beispielsweise zwei Trockenzylinder 64 und 66 umfasst. Die erste Heizgruppe 52 umfasst insgesamt zwischen drei und zehn mit Dampf beheizte Trockenzylinder 60, 62, 64, 66. As can be seen with reference to FIG. 2, the first heating group 52 comprises, for example, three heating stages 54-58. The first two heating stages 54, 56 each comprise only one drying cylinder 60 or 62, for example, while the third heating stage 58 in the present case includes two drying cylinders 64 and 66. The first heating group 52 comprises a total of between three and ten steam-heated drying cylinders 60, 62, 64, 66.
Es sind Mittel vorgesehen, um den Restbrüdendampf 68, der nach der in Fließrichtung F des Dampfes bzw. Heizdampfes bzw. Frischdampfes betrachtet letzten Heizstufe oder -gruppe 52 des Heizsystems übrig bleibt, zu komprimieren und in das Heizsystem zurückzuführen. Means are provided for compressing the residual vapor steam 68 remaining after the last heating stage or group 52 of the heating system, viewed in the flow direction F of the steam or heating steam, and returning it to the heating system.
Der Restbrüdendampf 68 wird aus einem der letzten Heizstufe bzw. -gruppe 52 zugeordneten oder nachgeordneten Abscheider 70 abgeführt. The residual vapor steam 68 is removed from one of the last heating stage or group 52 assigned or downstream separator 70.
Zur thermischen Komprimierung des Restbrüdendampfes 68 ist erfindungsgemäß ein Thermokompressor 74 vorgesehen. Dabei kann der Restbrüdendampf 68 in dem Thermokompressor 74 insbesondere mit Frischdampf verdichtet werden. For thermal compression of the residual vapor steam 68, a thermocompressor 74 is provided according to the invention. In this case, the residual-charge steam 68 in the thermocompressor 74 can be compressed, in particular, with live steam.
Der bzw. die Trockenzylinder 60 - 66 der letzten Heizstufe oder -gruppe 52 können mit Gemischdampf 76 beheizbar sein. Der Restbrüdendampf 68 kann durch Verdichtung auf den Druck des Gemischdampfes 76 komprimiert und diesem zugeführt werden. Der Restbrüdendampf 68 kann aber auch durch Verdichtung auf den Druck des Gemischdampfes in den jeweiligen Zuleitungen zu den Heizstufen 56 und/oder 54 komprimiert und lediglich diesen oder zusätzlich diesen zugeführt werden. In das unter Vakuum stehende Heizsystem eindringende nicht kondensierbare Gase können optional über eine oder mehrere Vakuumpumpen 78 aus dem der letzten Heizstufe oder -gruppe 52 zugeordneten oder nachgeordneten Abscheider 70 abgeführt werden. Die Temperatur der Trockenzylinder 60 - 66, 80 kann in Bahnlaufrichtung L allgemein ansteigen. The drying cylinder (s) 60 - 66 of the last heating stage or group 52 can be heated with mixed steam 76. The residual vapor steam 68 can be compressed by compression to the pressure of the mixture vapor 76 and supplied thereto. However, the residual vapor 68 can also be compressed by compression to the pressure of the mixture vapor in the respective supply lines to the heating stages 56 and / or 54 and only this or in addition to these are supplied. Non-condensable gases entering the vacuum heating system can optionally be removed via one or more vacuum pumps 78 from the separator 70 assigned to the last heating stage or group 52. The temperature of the drying cylinders 60-66, 80 may generally increase in the web running direction L.
Da in jeder Heizstufe 54 - 58 einer Heizgruppe Druck abgebaut wird, ist entsprechend die Fließrichtung F des Heizdampfes bei in Reihe geschalteten Heizgruppen zur Bahnlaufrichtung L entgegengesetzt. Since pressure is reduced in each heating stage 54-58 of a heating group, the flow direction F of the heating steam is correspondingly opposite to the web running direction L when heating groups are connected in series.
Wie der Fig. 2 entnommen werden kann, ergibt sich im Abscheider 70 eine Luft/Dampfgemisch-Schichtung. Kondensat aus dem Abscheider 70 wird einem Kondensatsammelbehälter 84 zugeführt. As can be seen from FIG. 2, an air / vapor mixture stratification results in the separator 70. Condensate from the separator 70 is fed to a condensate collector 84.
Auf der rechten Seite der Fig. 2 sind die in der ersten Heizgruppe 52 im Übrigen noch enthaltenen Elemente näher bezeichnet. On the right side of Fig. 2, the remaining elements in the first heating group 52 are otherwise indicated in more detail.
Die erforderliche Absaugung von Luft kann beispielsweise zu einem Kondensator 86 und/oder über eine Leitung 88 erfolgen, die zu der oder den Vakuumpumpen 78 führt. Zwischen dem Kondensator 86 und dem Abscheider 70 kann ein Luftabscheider 87 vorgesehen sein. The required extraction of air may, for example, take place to a condenser 86 and / or via a line 88 leading to the vacuum pump or pumps 78. Between the condenser 86 and the separator 70, an air separator 87 may be provided.
Fig. 3 zeigt in vereinfachter schematischer Darstellung eine in Bahnlaufrichtung L betrachtet erste Heizgruppe 52 einer vergleichbaren beispielhaften Ausführungsform des auf ein Thermokompressorsystem angewandten erfindungsgemäßen Heizsystems, bei dem Dampf einer Heizgruppe vollständig rezirkuliert wird. 3 shows, in a simplified schematic representation, a first heating group 52, viewed in the direction of web travel L, of a comparable exemplary embodiment of the method applied to a thermocompressor system heating system according to the invention, in which steam of a heating group is completely recirculated.
Auch im vorliegenden Fall umfasst diese erste Heizgruppe 52 beispielsweise wieder drei Heizstufen 54 - 58. Zur Komprimierung des Restbrüdendampfes 68 aus dem Abscheider 70 ist erfindungsgemäß ein Thermokompressor 74 vorgesehen. In the present case, too, this first heating group 52 again comprises, for example, three heating stages 54-58. In order to compress the residual-boiling steam 68 from the separator 70, a thermocompressor 74 is provided according to the invention.
Die erforderliche Luftabsaugung kann beispielsweise wieder zum Kondensator 86 und/oder über die Leitung 88 erfolgen, die zu der oder den Vakuumpumpen 78 führt. Zwischen dem Kondensator 86 und dem Abscheider 70 kann wieder ein Luftabscheider 87 vorgesehen sein. The required air extraction, for example, again to the condenser 86 and / or via the line 88, which leads to the one or more vacuum pumps 78. Between the condenser 86 and the separator 70, an air separator 87 may again be provided.
Auf der rechten Seite der Fig. 3 sind wieder die in der letzten Heizgruppe 52 im Übrigen noch enthaltenen Elemente näher bezeichnet. On the right side of FIG. 3, the elements still contained in the last heating group 52 are again denoted in more detail.
Wie bereits weiter oben angesprochen, ist erfindungsgemäß zur Komprimierung des Restbrüdendampfes 33 ein Thermokompressor 74 vorhanden ist, der den Restdampf aus dem Separator 70 nach der ersten Heizgruppe 10 ansaugt, diesen mit Treibdampf auf das Druckniveau des Heizdampfes 20, das vor der ersten Heizgruppe 10 herrscht, komprimiert und diesen der ersten Heizgruppe 10 wieder als Heizdampf 20 zuführt, wobei als Treibdampf der Hauptheizdampf des Heizsystems verwendet wird. Der Thermokompressor 74 ist erfindungsgemäß der einzige Thermokompressor im ganzen Heizsystem. As already mentioned above, according to the invention for compressing the residual steam 33, a thermocompressor 74 is present, which sucks the residual steam from the separator 70 after the first heating group 10, this with motive steam to the pressure level of the heating steam 20, which prevails before the first heating group 10 , Compressed and this the first heating group 10 again as heating steam 20 supplies, being used as the driving steam Hauptheizdampf the heating system. The thermocompressor 74 according to the invention is the only thermocompressor in the entire heating system.
Der Heizdampf 20 hat dabei vor der ersten Heizgruppe einen Druck von weniger als 3 bar abs, bevorzugt von weniger als 2 bar abs, während der Hauptheizdampf und somit der Treibdampf einen Druck von höchsten 10 bar abs, bevorzugt von höchstens 8 bar abs, besonders bevorzugt von höchstens 4 bar abs hat. Insbesondere ist wesentlich, dass der Heizdampf 20, der der zweiten Heizgruppe 14 zugeführt wird, einen höheren Druck hat, als der Heizdampf 20, der der ersten Heizgruppe 10 zugeführt wird. Der Separator 70 ist mit einer Vakuumpumpe verbunden, die nicht-kondensierbare Gase aus dem Heizsystem ausschleust. Der Separator 70 wird im Unterdruck mit einem Druck kleiner als 1 bar abs betrieben, wobei der Unterdruck im Separator 70 im Wesentlichen durch den Thermokompressor 74 erzeugt wird. Der vom Thermokompressor 74 zur ersten Heizgruppe 10 zugeführte Dampf mindestens 20%, bevorzugt mindestens 30% des gesamten zur ersten Heizgruppe 10 zugeführten Heizdampfes ausmacht. The heating steam 20 has before the first heating group a pressure of less than 3 bar abs, preferably less than 2 bar abs, while the Hauptheizdampf and thus the motive steam, a pressure of 10 bar abs, preferably at most 8 bar abs, particularly preferably of not more than 4 bar abs. In particular, it is essential that the heating steam 20, which is supplied to the second heating group 14, has a higher pressure than the heating steam 20, which is the first heating group 10 is supplied. The separator 70 is connected to a vacuum pump which discharges non-condensable gases from the heating system. The separator 70 is operated under reduced pressure with a pressure of less than 1 bar abs, the negative pressure in the separator 70 being generated essentially by the thermocompressor 74. The steam supplied by the thermocompressor 74 to the first heating group 10 amounts to at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, of the total heating steam supplied to the first heating group 10.
Die erste Heizgruppe 10 ist diejenige mit dem niedrigsten Heizdampfdruck im Heizsystem. The first heating group 10 is the one with the lowest heating steam pressure in the heating system.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Verfahren für den Betrieb eines Heizsystems einer Maschine zur Herstellung oder Behandlung einer Faserstoffbahn, insbesondere einer Papier- oder1 . Method for operating a heating system of a machine for producing or treating a fibrous web, in particular a paper or paper web
Kartonbahn, wobei das Heizsystem zumindest eine erste und eine zweite Heizgruppe umfasst und diese jeweils mindestens zwei mit Dampf beheizte Trockenzylinder umfassen, wobei die erste Heizgruppe, diejenige ist, die die in Bahnlaufrichtung gesehen ersten Trockenzylinder umfasst, und wobei ein Separator vorhanden ist, der nach dem Durchströmen der Trockenzylinder der ersten Heizgruppe den Restdampf vom Kondensat trennt, A board web, wherein the heating system comprises at least a first and a second heating group and these each comprise at least two steam-heated drying cylinders, wherein the first heating group, which is the first drying cylinder seen in the web running direction, and wherein a separator is present, the the residual steam is separated from the condensate by the passage of the drying cylinders of the first heating group,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass ein Thermokompressor vorhanden ist, der den Restdampf aus dem Separator nach der ersten Heizgruppe ansaugt, diesen mit Treibdampf auf das Druckniveau des Heizdampfes, das vor der ersten Heizgruppe herrscht, komprimiert und diesen der ersten Heizgruppe wieder als Heizdampf zuführt, wobei als Treibdampf der Hauptheizdampf des Heizsystems verwendet wird. that a thermocompressor is present, which sucks the residual steam from the separator after the first heating group, compresses it with motive steam to the pressure level of the heating steam, which prevails before the first heating group, and these the first heating group feeds again as heating steam, wherein the main heating steam as motive steam of the heating system is used.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , 2. The method according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass der Heizdampf vor der ersten Heizgruppe einen Druck von weniger als 3 bar abs, bevorzugt von weniger als 2 bar abs hat. the heating steam before the first heating group has a pressure of less than 3 bar abs, preferably less than 2 bar abs.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass der Hauptheizdampf und somit der Treibdampf einen Druck von höchsten 10 bar abs, bevorzugt von höchstens 8 bar abs, besonders bevorzugt von höchstens 4 bar abs hat. that the Hauptheizdampf and thus the motive steam has a pressure of the highest 10 bar abs, preferably of at most 8 bar abs, more preferably of at most 4 bar abs.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, 4. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Heizdampf, der der zweiten Heizgruppe zugeführt wird, einen höheren Druck hat, als der Heizdampf, der der ersten Heizgruppe zugeführt wird. characterized, that the heating steam, which is supplied to the second heating group, has a higher pressure than the heating steam, which is supplied to the first heating group.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, 5. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass der Separator im Unterdruck mit einem Druck kleiner als 1 bar abs betrieben wird. the separator is operated under reduced pressure with a pressure of less than 1 bar abs.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, 6. The method according to claim 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass der Unterdruck im Separator im Wesentlichen durch den Thermokompressor erzeugt wird. that the negative pressure in the separator is essentially generated by the thermocompressor.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass der vom Thermokompressor zur ersten Heizgruppe zugeführte Dampf mindestens 20%, bevorzugt mindestens 30% des gesamten zur ersten Heizgruppe zugeführten Heizdampfes ausmacht. in that the steam supplied by the thermocompressor to the first heating group constitutes at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, of the total heating steam supplied to the first heating group.
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die erste Heizgruppe, die mit dem niedrigsten Heizdampfdruck im Heizsystem ist. that is the first heating group that has the lowest heating steam pressure in the heating system.
9. Heizsystem für eine Maschine zur Herstellung oder Behandlung einer Faserstoffbahn, insbesondere einer Papier- oder Kartonbahn, wobei das Heizsystem zumindest eine erste und eine zweite Heizgruppe umfasst und diese jeweils mindestens zwei mit Dampf beheizte Trockenzylinder umfassen, wobei die erste Heizgruppe diejenige ist, die die in Bahnlaufrichtung gesehen ersten Trockenzylinder umfasst, und wobei ein Separator vorhanden ist, der nach dem Durchströmen der Trockenzylinder der ersten Heizgruppe den Restdampf vom Kondensat trennt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, 9. Heating system for a machine for producing or treating a fibrous web, in particular a paper or board web, wherein the heating system comprises at least a first and a second heating group and these each comprise at least two steam-heated drying cylinders, wherein the first heating group is the one the first drying cylinder seen in the web running direction, and wherein a separator is provided which separates the residual steam from the condensate after flowing through the drying cylinders of the first heating group, characterized,
dass ein Thermokompressor vorhanden ist, der so ausgebildet ist, dass er den Restdampf aus dem Separator nach der ersten Heizgruppe ansaugen, diesen mit Treibdampf auf das Druckniveau des Heizdampfes, das vor der ersten Heizgruppe herrscht, komprimieren und diesen der ersten Heizgruppe wieder als Heizdampf zuführen kann, wobei die Treibdampfleitung des Thermokompressors an die Hauptheizdampfleitung des Heizsystems angeschlossen ist. that a thermocompressor is provided, which is designed such that it suck the residual steam from the separator after the first heating group, compressing it with motive steam to the pressure level of the heating steam, which prevails before the first heating group, and supplying it to the first heating group again as heating steam can, with the motive steam line of the thermocompressor is connected to the Hauptheizdampfleitung the heating system.
10. Heizsystem nach Anspruch 9, 10. Heating system according to claim 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass der Separator mit einer Vakuumpumpe verbunden ist, die nicht- kondensierbare Gase aus dem Heizsystem ausschleust. that the separator is connected to a vacuum pump which discharges non-condensable gases from the heating system.
1 1 . Heizsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10, 1 1. Heating system according to one of claims 9 or 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die erste Heizgruppe zwischen 3 und 10 mit Dampf beheizte Trockenzylinder umfasst. the first heating group comprises between 3 and 10 steam-heated drying cylinders.
12. Heizsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 1 1 , 12. Heating system according to one of claims 9 to 1 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass der Thermokompressor der einzige Thermokompressor im ganzen Heizsystem ist. that the thermocompressor is the only thermocompressor in the whole heating system.
PCT/EP2014/057861 2013-05-08 2014-04-17 Method for operating a heating system for a drying section of a machine for producing or treating a fibrous web, and heating system WO2014180645A1 (en)

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