WO2014189442A1 - A method and a system for exhaust gas handling, an exhaust gas processing unit and an assembly - Google Patents

A method and a system for exhaust gas handling, an exhaust gas processing unit and an assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014189442A1
WO2014189442A1 PCT/SE2014/050600 SE2014050600W WO2014189442A1 WO 2014189442 A1 WO2014189442 A1 WO 2014189442A1 SE 2014050600 W SE2014050600 W SE 2014050600W WO 2014189442 A1 WO2014189442 A1 WO 2014189442A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit
exhaust gas
section
engine
core
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2014/050600
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Brian Alexander WILL
Original Assignee
Therbo Innovation Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2013901810A external-priority patent/AU2013901810A0/en
Application filed by Therbo Innovation Ab filed Critical Therbo Innovation Ab
Priority to SE1550110A priority Critical patent/SE541875C2/en
Publication of WO2014189442A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014189442A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/085—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling using a central core throttling gas passage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/10—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling in combination with sound-absorbing materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/26—Construction of thermal reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/38—Arrangements for igniting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2230/00—Combination of silencers and other devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2230/00—Combination of silencers and other devices
    • F01N2230/08—Thermal reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/02—Tubes being perforated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2490/00—Structure, disposition or shape of gas-chambers
    • F01N2490/18—Dimensional characteristics of gas chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
    • F02B25/14—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using reverse-flow scavenging, e.g. with both outlet and inlet ports arranged near bottom of piston stroke
    • F02B25/145—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using reverse-flow scavenging, e.g. with both outlet and inlet ports arranged near bottom of piston stroke with intake and exhaust valves exclusively in the cylinder head
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for handling exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine according to the introductory portion of the accompanying claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a system for handling exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine according to the introductory portion of the accompanying claim 9.
  • the invention further relates to an exhaust gas processing unit according to the in- troductory portion of the accompanying claim 24.
  • the invention still further relates to an assembly according to the introductory portion of the accompanying claim 37.
  • Exhaust gas handling units of substantially the kind mentioned above are previously known, the main purpose of which being to reduce the sound from the engine without creating too much back pressure to the flow of exhaust gas from the engine.
  • Such known units are however quite complicated to manufacture as well as assemble and are not adapted to process the exhaust gas to clean it.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a technique for processing exhaust gas for cleaning as well as reducing sound and means that are well adapted to be manufactured as well as assembled.
  • a further object is to increase the efficiency of the engine and thus reduce the fuel consumption for a certain engine energy output.
  • the under pressure, vacuum, associated with at least the inlet section and generated by the unit configuration provides a cleaner combustion and an increased torque due to engine piston moving energy support.
  • an increase in cross sectional area at a transition from a connection between the exhaust gas outlet of the engine and the inlet section of the unit is provided for obtaining an exhaust gas pressure drop in the inlet section for vacuum generation.
  • the unit is configured to guide a flow of exhaust gas from the inlet section through a space of the mid section, said space providing an expanded cross sectional area and being formed between an inner wall of the unit and a core positioned in the unit by supports, said space forming a high temperature zone for exhaust gas processing.
  • the cross sectional area of an inlet pipe connection of the unit is smaller than the cross sectional area of said mid-section space formed between an inner wall of the unit and a core positioned in the unit by supports and forming said high tem- perature zone for exhaust gas processing.
  • the unit is configured to draw out pollutive gases from the engine exhaust side in the engine exhaust cycle by means of said under pressure when the engine inlet valve and outlet valve are open at the same time, which leaves the corre- sponding engine combustion chamber comparatively clean for the following ignition cycle providing a comparatively cleaner combustion.
  • said unit is internally substantially axisymmetrically configured and so that the inlet section is tapered, widening towards the mid section, the mid section has an annular cross section of the space formed around the core for the exhaust gas flow and the outlet section is tapered, getting tighter in the outlet direction for providing a smooth and straight exhaust gas flow through the unit.
  • the tapered ends are substantially frustoconical supporting a smooth gas flow and being easy to manufacture and mount.
  • At least the length of the tapered inlet section is about 80% of the outer diameter of the unit cylindrical casing, such a geometry at the inlet section promoting the vacuum creation associated with the inlet section.
  • the length of the tapered outlet section is about 80% of the outer diameter of the unit cylindrical casing.
  • the core is provided with a stuffing of sound absorbing material and an outer surface with perforations for reducing sound, noise, associated with the ex- haust gas outlet of said engine.
  • the core is covered with perforations to promote sound reduction and heat absorption for the high temperature zone.
  • said supports are arranged to hold the core substantially concentrically in the unit, the core being substantially cylindrical to promote a smooth exhaust gas flow.
  • the supports are in the form of a few posts between the core and the unit inner wall not to obstruct and disturb the exhaust gas flow through the mid section.
  • the ends of the core are domed and extend into the tapered portions of the outer casing to promote a smooth exhaust gas flow.
  • the unit casing has an outer skin and an inner skin, the inner skin being perforated with perforations to assist in the absorption of sound.
  • the space between the skins is filled with a suitable sound absorbent material, e.g. glass fiber.
  • the double skin casing wall also provides a heat insulation promoting heating of the high temperature zone .
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a unit according to the present invention in longitudinal cross section
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a cross section A-A of the unit according to fig.1;
  • FIG. 3 is a detailed view of a portion of a casing of the unit, -.Fig.4 illustrates in a block flow chart one embodiment of the method according to the present invention.
  • - Fig.5 illustrates diagrammatically one embodiment of a system according to the present invention comprising a unit according to the present invention.
  • 50 designates an internal combustion engine, e.g. a diesel engine, having an exhaust gas outlet 51 and comprising an exhaust gas handling unit 1 according to the present invention connected to said exhaust gas outlet.
  • the system comprises a turbo unit 52 connected to the exhaust gas outlet and the engine.
  • the system comprises a SCR arrangement 53 connected to the exhaust gas arrangement after or before the unit 1 for exhaust gas processing for reducing NOx content.
  • the exhaust gas handling unit 1 has a cylindrical casing 2 with tapered inlet end 3 tapering to an inlet pipe connection 4. Similarly at the outlet end the outer casing has tapered outlet 5 tapering to an outlet pipe connection 6. In this way the unit is formed with an inlet section 3, a mid section 2 and an outlet section 5.
  • At least the length LI of the tapered inlet section is about 80% of the outer diameter D of the cylindrical casing, such a geometry at the inlet section promoting the vacuum creation associated with the inlet section.
  • the length L2 of the tapered outlet section is about 80% of the outer diameter D of the cylindrical casing.
  • the unit 1 has an elongated cylindrical inner core 7 extending the length of the cylindrical portion of the outer casing, the core being supported in the casing by four posts 8 adjacent each end of the core.
  • the core is of lesser diameter than the casing inner wall 1 ' thus providing an annular exhaust flow space between the casing and the core.
  • the core ends 9 are domed and extend into the tapered portions of the outer casing thus providing a smooth passage for the flow of exhaust gas through the unit.
  • the core is perforated with perforations 15 to cover between 40 to 60% of the surface area of the core.
  • the core is filled with a stuffing of a sound ab- sorbent material 13, e.g. long strand glass fiber or any suitable material, to provide a desired degree of sound absorption.
  • the cross sectional area of the inlet pipe connection 4 of the unit is smaller than the cross sectional area of said annular mid-section space formed be- tween the inner wall of the unit and the core 7 positioned in the unit by supports and forming said high temperature zone associated with the mid-section for exhaust gas processing.
  • Fig. 3 shows the outer casing in more detail.
  • the casing has an outer skin 10 and an inner skin 11, the inner skin being perforated with perforations 12 to assist in the absorption of sound.
  • the space between the skins is filled with a suitable sound absorbent material 13, e.g. long strand glass fiber or any suitable material, for desired sound absorption.
  • the tapered portions of the casing can be attached by welds 14 to the ends of the inner and outer skins thus forming the casing with the tapered ends.
  • a first step 100 comprises connecting the exhaust gas outlet of the engine to an exhaust gas processing and sound reducing unit having an inlet section, a mid section comprising a core, and an outlet section.
  • a second step lOl comprises heating said unit internally by means of exhaust gas from said engine.
  • a third step 102 comprises providing the unit configured to create an underpressure, a vacuum, associated with the inlet section.
  • a fourth step 103 comprises processing the exhaust gas by burning, oxidizing, pol- lutive particle content of the exhaust gas in a high temperature zone associated with the mid section.
  • the exhaust gas is comparatively cold and also gets chilled by the low temperature in the engine manifold, turbo, pipes and the unit.
  • the unit is using the exhaust gas speed as the starting process that creates a draw into the inlet, which draws heat from the engine for transfer to the unit.
  • the heat from the exhaust gas is heating to a high temperature and the exhaust gas is expanding. Due to the design of the inlet section the gas is forced at a high speed ahead in the unit to the mid section and due to the increased cross sectional area a pressure drop, a vacuum, is created.
  • the exhaust gas stream is going into an expanded area due to the fact that the cross sectional area of the inlet pipe connection 4 is smaller than the cross sectional area of the mid section annular
  • the noise is reduced by the larger area and the silencer part, the core, in the central part of the mid section.
  • the mid section thus reduces the gas speed, promoting that heat is transferred to and is stored in the material in the mid section for forming of the high temperature zone.
  • the heat pollutive content of the exhaust gas e.g. particles, are burnt, oxidized, the exhaust gas thus being cleaned and e.g. black diesel smoke is reduced to a minimum.
  • Heat is created by the combustion in the engine and is unwanted energy being stored in the engine and has to be transported away not to do damage.
  • the unit of the present system creates a powerful vacuum, which draws the heat from the engine and engine parts.
  • a clean combustion process is when you do not have pollutive gases remaining in a combustion chamber in an ignition cycle. In the exhaust cycle the pollutive gases are drawn out from the exhaust side by the unit when the inlet valve and the outlet valve are open at the same time, which leaves the combustion chamber clean for the next ignition cycle.
  • the next ignition cycle has a cleaner fuel and air mixture and no pollution and a higher oxygen level, which gives a cleaner burn and higher energy output in the ignition.
  • the result is more torque, reduced need of fuel and less pollution in the ex- hausts.
  • the fuel mixture can be adjusted to a thinner level to save more fuel and get cleaner emissions.
  • the increased torque is partly the result of the cleaner combustion as described above and partly the result of the vacuum created by the unit in the exhaust valve that is supporting the moving energy of the engine piston in its movement upwards, heat also being transported away.
  • the engine exhaust gas system comprises an exhaust gas charged turbo arrangement 52.
  • the unit according to the present invention is used in combination with a selective catalytic reduction, SCR, arrangement 53 provided for the engine exhaust gas system.
  • the unit may be constructed from steel and/or stainless steel or any other suitable material.
  • the inlet and outlet pipes may be constructed for welding to the exhaust pipe or attached by any other means.
  • the unit may be part of any kind of assembly 55, fig.5, comprising an internal combustion engine 50, e.g. a diesel engine, e.g. a vehicle in the form of a car, a truck or a motor cycle, a drilling arrangement, transport vehicles for construction or mines etc.
  • an internal combustion engine 50 e.g. a diesel engine, e.g. a vehicle in the form of a car, a truck or a motor cycle, a drilling arrangement, transport vehicles for construction or mines etc.

Abstract

A method for handling exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine (50) com- prising the steps of -connecting the exhaust gas outlet (51) of the engine to a sound reducing unit (1) having an inlet section, a mid section comprising a core, and an outlet section and -heating said unit internally by means of exhaust gas from said engine. The method is especially characterized in the steps of -providing the unit (1) configured to create an under pressure, a vacuum, associated with the inlet section; and -processing the exhaust gas by burning, oxidizing, pollutive particle content of the exhaust gas in a high temperature zone associated with the mid section. The invention also relates to a system for exhaust gas handling, an exhaust gas processing unit and an assembly.

Description

A method and a system for exhaust gas handling, an exhaust gas processing unit and an assembly
Technical field
The present invention relates to a method for handling exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine according to the introductory portion of the accompanying claim 1. The invention also relates to a system for handling exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine according to the introductory portion of the accompanying claim 9.
The invention further relates to an exhaust gas processing unit according to the in- troductory portion of the accompanying claim 24.
The invention still further relates to an assembly according to the introductory portion of the accompanying claim 37. Background
Exhaust gas handling units of substantially the kind mentioned above are previously known, the main purpose of which being to reduce the sound from the engine without creating too much back pressure to the flow of exhaust gas from the engine. Such known units are however quite complicated to manufacture as well as assemble and are not adapted to process the exhaust gas to clean it.
The object of the present invention is to provide a technique for processing exhaust gas for cleaning as well as reducing sound and means that are well adapted to be manufactured as well as assembled. A further object is to increase the efficiency of the engine and thus reduce the fuel consumption for a certain engine energy output.
Summary of the invention These and further objects are obtained by a method, a system, a unit and an assembly according to independent claims 1, 9, 24 and 37, respectively.
Further advantages are obtained by what is specified in the respective dependent claims.
Thus, the under pressure, vacuum, associated with at least the inlet section and generated by the unit configuration provides a cleaner combustion and an increased torque due to engine piston moving energy support. Preferably, an increase in cross sectional area at a transition from a connection between the exhaust gas outlet of the engine and the inlet section of the unit is provided for obtaining an exhaust gas pressure drop in the inlet section for vacuum generation.
Preferably, the unit is configured to guide a flow of exhaust gas from the inlet section through a space of the mid section, said space providing an expanded cross sectional area and being formed between an inner wall of the unit and a core positioned in the unit by supports, said space forming a high temperature zone for exhaust gas processing.
Preferably, the cross sectional area of an inlet pipe connection of the unit is smaller than the cross sectional area of said mid-section space formed between an inner wall of the unit and a core positioned in the unit by supports and forming said high tem- perature zone for exhaust gas processing.
Preferably, the unit is configured to draw out pollutive gases from the engine exhaust side in the engine exhaust cycle by means of said under pressure when the engine inlet valve and outlet valve are open at the same time, which leaves the corre- sponding engine combustion chamber comparatively clean for the following ignition cycle providing a comparatively cleaner combustion.
Preferably, said unit is internally substantially axisymmetrically configured and so that the inlet section is tapered, widening towards the mid section, the mid section has an annular cross section of the space formed around the core for the exhaust gas flow and the outlet section is tapered, getting tighter in the outlet direction for providing a smooth and straight exhaust gas flow through the unit.
Preferably, the tapered ends are substantially frustoconical supporting a smooth gas flow and being easy to manufacture and mount.
Preferably, at least the length of the tapered inlet section is about 80% of the outer diameter of the unit cylindrical casing, such a geometry at the inlet section promoting the vacuum creation associated with the inlet section. Preferably, also the length of the tapered outlet section is about 80% of the outer diameter of the unit cylindrical casing.
Preferably, the core is provided with a stuffing of sound absorbing material and an outer surface with perforations for reducing sound, noise, associated with the ex- haust gas outlet of said engine.
Preferably, about 40-60% of the surface of the core is covered with perforations to promote sound reduction and heat absorption for the high temperature zone. Preferably, said supports are arranged to hold the core substantially concentrically in the unit, the core being substantially cylindrical to promote a smooth exhaust gas flow. Preferably, the supports are in the form of a few posts between the core and the unit inner wall not to obstruct and disturb the exhaust gas flow through the mid section.
Preferably, the ends of the core are domed and extend into the tapered portions of the outer casing to promote a smooth exhaust gas flow.
Preferably, the unit casing has an outer skin and an inner skin, the inner skin being perforated with perforations to assist in the absorption of sound. Preferably the space between the skins is filled with a suitable sound absorbent material, e.g. glass fiber. The double skin casing wall also provides a heat insulation promoting heating of the high temperature zone .
Brief description of the drawings
A better understanding of the present invention may be had by reading the follow- ing detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like details are designated with like numbers and in which
- Fig. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a unit according to the present invention in longitudinal cross section;
- Fig. 2 illustrates a cross section A-A of the unit according to fig.1;
-.Fig. 3 is a detailed view of a portion of a casing of the unit, -.Fig.4 illustrates in a block flow chart one embodiment of the method according to the present invention; and
- Fig.5 illustrates diagrammatically one embodiment of a system according to the present invention comprising a unit according to the present invention.
Detailed description of a preferred embodiment
In fig.5, 50 designates an internal combustion engine, e.g. a diesel engine, having an exhaust gas outlet 51 and comprising an exhaust gas handling unit 1 according to the present invention connected to said exhaust gas outlet. According to preferred embodiments the system comprises a turbo unit 52 connected to the exhaust gas outlet and the engine. According to certain embodiments the system comprises a SCR arrangement 53 connected to the exhaust gas arrangement after or before the unit 1 for exhaust gas processing for reducing NOx content. The exhaust gas handling unit 1 has a cylindrical casing 2 with tapered inlet end 3 tapering to an inlet pipe connection 4. Similarly at the outlet end the outer casing has tapered outlet 5 tapering to an outlet pipe connection 6. In this way the unit is formed with an inlet section 3, a mid section 2 and an outlet section 5.
According to preferred embodiments at least the length LI of the tapered inlet section is about 80% of the outer diameter D of the cylindrical casing, such a geometry at the inlet section promoting the vacuum creation associated with the inlet section. Preferred is also that the length L2 of the tapered outlet section is about 80% of the outer diameter D of the cylindrical casing.
The unit 1 has an elongated cylindrical inner core 7 extending the length of the cylindrical portion of the outer casing, the core being supported in the casing by four posts 8 adjacent each end of the core. The core is of lesser diameter than the casing inner wall 1 ' thus providing an annular exhaust flow space between the casing and the core. The core ends 9 are domed and extend into the tapered portions of the outer casing thus providing a smooth passage for the flow of exhaust gas through the unit. The core is perforated with perforations 15 to cover between 40 to 60% of the surface area of the core. Preferably, the core is filled with a stuffing of a sound ab- sorbent material 13, e.g. long strand glass fiber or any suitable material, to provide a desired degree of sound absorption.
Preferably, the cross sectional area of the inlet pipe connection 4 of the unit is smaller than the cross sectional area of said annular mid-section space formed be- tween the inner wall of the unit and the core 7 positioned in the unit by supports and forming said high temperature zone associated with the mid-section for exhaust gas processing.
Fig. 3 shows the outer casing in more detail. In this embodiment the casing has an outer skin 10 and an inner skin 11, the inner skin being perforated with perforations 12 to assist in the absorption of sound. Preferably the space between the skins is filled with a suitable sound absorbent material 13, e.g. long strand glass fiber or any suitable material, for desired sound absorption. The tapered portions of the casing can be attached by welds 14 to the ends of the inner and outer skins thus forming the casing with the tapered ends.
In fig.4 one embodiment of a method according to the present invention is illustrated in a block flow chart, the method being for handling exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine.
A first step 100 comprises connecting the exhaust gas outlet of the engine to an exhaust gas processing and sound reducing unit having an inlet section, a mid section comprising a core, and an outlet section. A second step lOlcomprises heating said unit internally by means of exhaust gas from said engine.
A third step 102 comprises providing the unit configured to create an underpressure, a vacuum, associated with the inlet section.
A fourth step 103 comprises processing the exhaust gas by burning, oxidizing, pol- lutive particle content of the exhaust gas in a high temperature zone associated with the mid section.
Above the method and the function of the system and the unit according to the present invention should to a considerable and sufficient extent have been made clear from the detailed description. When the engine is started the exhaust gas is comparatively cold and also gets chilled by the low temperature in the engine manifold, turbo, pipes and the unit. The unit is using the exhaust gas speed as the starting process that creates a draw into the inlet, which draws heat from the engine for transfer to the unit. In the inlet section the heat from the exhaust gas is heating to a high temperature and the exhaust gas is expanding. Due to the design of the inlet section the gas is forced at a high speed ahead in the unit to the mid section and due to the increased cross sectional area a pressure drop, a vacuum, is created. In the mid section the exhaust gas stream is going into an expanded area due to the fact that the cross sectional area of the inlet pipe connection 4 is smaller than the cross sectional area of the mid section annular The noise is reduced by the larger area and the silencer part, the core, in the central part of the mid section. The mid section thus reduces the gas speed, promoting that heat is transferred to and is stored in the material in the mid section for forming of the high temperature zone. In the heat pollutive content of the exhaust gas, e.g. particles, are burnt, oxidized, the exhaust gas thus being cleaned and e.g. black diesel smoke is reduced to a minimum.
In the outlet section the gas is compressed due to the decreased cross sectional area and the gas speed is increased.
The combined effect of all three sections is that a considerable vacuum is created in the inlet section and a high speed exhaust gas stream is output from the outlet section. The vacuum increases the engine efficiency.
Heat is created by the combustion in the engine and is unwanted energy being stored in the engine and has to be transported away not to do damage. Instead of a high back pressure created in a conventional exhaust gas system, the unit of the present system creates a powerful vacuum, which draws the heat from the engine and engine parts. A clean combustion process is when you do not have pollutive gases remaining in a combustion chamber in an ignition cycle. In the exhaust cycle the pollutive gases are drawn out from the exhaust side by the unit when the inlet valve and the outlet valve are open at the same time, which leaves the combustion chamber clean for the next ignition cycle.
The next ignition cycle has a cleaner fuel and air mixture and no pollution and a higher oxygen level, which gives a cleaner burn and higher energy output in the ignition. The result is more torque, reduced need of fuel and less pollution in the ex- hausts.
The clean combustion process, leaving no carbon particles in the chamber, leads to no carbon up in new engines. In old engines the clean combustion burns old carbon up and the vacuum transports the remains away. The process is going on until the engine is completely clean. When completed the engine has increased torque, uses less fuel and outputs cleaner exhausts than before.
The fuel mixture can be adjusted to a thinner level to save more fuel and get cleaner emissions.
The increased torque is partly the result of the cleaner combustion as described above and partly the result of the vacuum created by the unit in the exhaust valve that is supporting the moving energy of the engine piston in its movement upwards, heat also being transported away.
Above the present invention has been described in association with examples and preferred embodiments. Of course further embodiments as well as minor amendments and additions may be imagined without departing from the basic inventive idea.
According to preferred embodiments the engine exhaust gas system comprises an exhaust gas charged turbo arrangement 52.
According to certain embodiments the unit according to the present invention is used in combination with a selective catalytic reduction, SCR, arrangement 53 provided for the engine exhaust gas system.
The unit may be constructed from steel and/or stainless steel or any other suitable material. The inlet and outlet pipes may be constructed for welding to the exhaust pipe or attached by any other means.
The unit may be part of any kind of assembly 55, fig.5, comprising an internal combustion engine 50, e.g. a diesel engine, e.g. a vehicle in the form of a car, a truck or a motor cycle, a drilling arrangement, transport vehicles for construction or mines etc.

Claims

Claims
1. A method for handling exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine (50) comprising the steps of
- connecting the exhaust gas outlet (51) of the engine to a sound reducing unit (1) having an inlet section (3), a mid section (2), comprising a core (7), and an outlet section (5) and - heating said unit internally by means of exhaust gas from said engine, characterized in the steps of
- providing the unit (1) configured to create an under pressure, a vacuum, associated with the inlet section (3); and
- processing the exhaust gas by burning, oxidizing, pollutive particle content of the exhaust gas in a high temperature zone associated with the mid section (2).
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in the step of
- providing an increase in cross sectional area at a transition from a connection (4) between the exhaust gas outlet of the engine and the inlet section of the unit and thereby obtaining an exhaust gas pressure drop in the inlet section.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in the steps of
- guiding a flow of exhaust gas through a space (2') of the mid section, said space being formed between an inner wall ( ) of the unit and a core (7) positioned in the unit by supports (8) and
- arranging the supports, e.g. as a few posts (8), not to obstruct and disturb the exhaust gas flow through said space.
4. A method according to claims 2 or 3, characterized in the step of
- providing the cross sectional area of an inlet pipe connection (4) of the unit smaller than the cross sectional area of an annular mid-section space formed between the inner wall of the unit and the core (7) positioned in the unit and forming said high temperature zone associated with the mid-section for exhaust gas processing.
5. A method according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in the step of
- providing the core with a stuffing of sound absorbing material (13) and an outer surface with perforations (15) for reducing sound associated with the exhaust gas outlet of said engine.
6. A method according to anyone of the previous claims, characterized in the step of - drawing out pollutive gases from the engine exhaust side in the engine exhaust cycle by means of said under pressure when the engine inlet valve and outlet valve are open at the same time, which leaves the corresponding engine combustion chamber comparatively clean for the following ignition cycle.
7. A method according to anyone of the previous claims, characterized in the step of
- configuring said unit with a casing (C) externally and internally substantially ax- isymmetrical and so that the inlet section is tapered, widening towards the mid sec- tion, the mid section being substantially cylindrically configured and has an annular cross section of the space formed around the core for the exhaust gas flow and the outlet section is tapered, getting tighter in the outlet direction.
8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in the step of
- configuring the unit so that the length (LI) of at least the tapered inlet section is about 80% of the outer diameter (D) of the unit cylindrical casing, and preferably so that the length (L2) of the tapered outlet section is about 80% of the outer diameter (D) of the cylindrical casing.
9. A system for handling exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine (50), comprising an exhaust gas processing and sound reducing unit (1) having an inlet section (3), a mid section (2) comprising a core(7), and an outlet section (5), the unit being connected to an exhaust gas outlet (51) of said engine for heating said unit in- ternally by means of exhaust gas from said engine, characterized in that the unit is configured to create an under pressure, a vacuum, associated with the inlet section (3) and to create a high temperature zone associated with said mid section (2) for burning, oxidizing, pollutive particle content of the exhaust gas for exhaust gas cleaning.
10. A system according to claim 9, characterized in an increase in cross sectional area at a transition from a connection between the exhaust gas outlet of the engine and the inlet section of the unit for obtaining an exhaust gas pressure drop in the inlet section.
11. A system according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the unit is configured to guide a flow of exhaust gas from the inlet section through a space (2') of the mid section, said space providing an expanded cross sectional area and being formed between an inner wall ( ) of the unit and a core (7) positioned in the unit by supports (8).
12. A system according to claim 11, wherein said supports (8) are arranged to hold the core substantially concentrically in the unit, the core being substantially cylindrical.
13. A system according to anyone of claims 10 or 11, wherein the supports are in the form of a few posts between the core and the unit inner wall not to obstruct and disturb the exhaust flow through the mid section.
14. A system according to anyone of claims 10 - 13, wherein the cross sectional ar- ea of an inlet pipe connection (4) of the unit is smaller than the cross sectional area of an annular mid-section space formed between the inner wall of the unit and the core (7) positioned in the unit and forming said high temperature zone associated with the mid-section for exhaust gas processing.
15. A system according to anyone of claims 9-14, wherein the ends (9) of the core are domed and extend into tapered portions (3, 5) of the casing.
16. A system according to anyone of claims 9-15, wherein the unit is configured to draw out pollutive gases from the engine exhaust side in the engine exhaust cycle by means of said under pressure when the engine inlet valve and outlet valve are open at the same time, which leaves the corresponding engine combustion chamber comparatively clean for the following ignition cycle.
17. A system according to anyone of claims 9-16, wherein said unit is externally and internally substantially axisymmetrically configured and so that the inlet section is tapered, widening towards the mid section, the mid section being substantially cylindrically configured and has an annular cross section of the space formed around the core for the exhaust gas flow and the outlet section is tapered, getting tighter in the outlet direction.
18. A system according to claim 17, wherein the unit is configured so that the length (LI) of at least the tapered inlet section is about 80% of the outer diameter (D) of the unit cylindrical casing (C), and preferably so that the length (L2) of the tapered outlet section is about 80% of the outer diameter (D) of the cylindrical casing.
19. A system according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the tapered ends (3, 5) are substantially frustoconical.
20. A system according to anyone of claims 9-19, wherein the core is provided with a stuffing of sound absorbing material (13) and an outer surface with perforations
(15)for reducing sound, noise, associated with the exhaust gas outlet of said engine.
21. A system according to claim 20, wherein about 40-60% of the surface of the core is covered with perforations.
22. A system according to anyone of claims 9-21, wherein substantially in the unit casing mid section (2) an outer skin (10) and an inner skin (11) are provided, the inner skin being perforated with perforations (12), the space between the skins being filled with a suitable sound absorbent material (13), e.g. glass fiber.
23. A system according to anyone of claims 9-22, wherein a selective cathalytic reduction, SCR, arrangement (53) is provided upstream or downstream said unit (1) for exhaust gas processing for reducing NOx-content of the exhaust gas
24. Exhaust gas processing and sound reducing unit (1) arranged to be provided in the exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine (50), the unit having an inlet section (3), a mid section (2) comprising a core (7), and an outlet section (5), the unit being arranged to be connected to an exhaust gas outlet (51) of said engine for heating said unit internally by means of exhaust gas from said engine, characterized in that the unit is configured to create an under pressure, a vacuum, associated with the inlet section (3) and to create a high temperature zone associated with said mid section (2) for burning, oxidizing, pollutive particle content of the exhaust gas for exhaust gas cleaning.
25. A unit according to claim 24, wherein an increase in cross sectional area is provided at a transition from a connection (4) between the exhaust gas outlet of the engine and the inlet section (3) of the unit for obtaining an exhaust gas pressure drop in the inlet section
26. A unit according to claim 24 or 25, wherein the unit is configured to guide a flow of exhaust gas from the inlet section through a space (2') of the mid section, said space providing an expanded area and being formed between an inner wall ( ) of the unit and a core (7) positioned in the unit by supports (8).
27. A unit according to anyone of claims 25 or 26, wherein the cross sectional area of an inlet pipe connection (4) of the unit is smaller than the cross sectional area of an annular mid-section space formed between the inner wall of the unit and the core (7) positioned in the unit and forming said high temperature zone associated with the mid-section for exhaust gas processing.
28. A unit according to anyone of claims 24-27, wherein the unit is configured to draw out pollutive gases from the engine exhaust side in the engine exhaust cycle by means of said under pressure when the engine inlet valve and outlet valve are open at the same time, which leaves the corresponding engine combustion chamber comparatively clean for the following ignition cycle.
29. A unit according to anyone of claims 24-28, wherein said unit is externally and internally substantially axisymmetrically configured and so that the inlet section is tapered, widening towards the mid section, the mid section is substantially cylindri- cally configured and has an annular cross section of the space formed around the core for the exhaust gas flow and the outlet section is tapered, getting tighter in the outlet direction.
30. A unit according to claim 29, wherein the unit is configured so that the length (LI) of at least the tapered inlet section is about 80% of the outer diameter (D) of the unit mid section cylindrical casing (C), and preferably so that the length (L2) of the tapered outlet section is about 80% of the outer diameter (D) of the cylindrical casing portion.
31. A unit according to claim 29, or 30, wherein the tapered ends (3, 5) are substantially frustoconical.
32. A unit according to anyone of claims 24-31, wherein the core is provided with a stuffing of sound absorbing material (13) and an outer surface with perforations (15) for reducing sound, noise, associated with the exhaust gas outlet of said engine.
33. A unit according to claim 32, wherein about 40-60% of the surface of the core is covered with perforations.
34. A unit according to anyone of claims 26-33, wherein said supports (8) are arranged to hold the core substantially concentrically in the unit, the core being substantially cylindrical.
35. A unit according to claim 34, wherein the supports are in the form of a few posts between the core and the unit inner wall not to obstruct and disturb the exhaust flow through the mid section.
36. A unit according to anyone of claims 24-35, wherein substantially in the unit casing mid section an outer skin (10) and an inner skin (11) are provided, the inner skin being perforated with perforations (12), the space between the skins being filled with a suitable sound absorbent material (13), e.g. glass fiber.
37. An assembly comprising an internal combustion engine, characterized in a unit according to anyone of claims 24-36.
38. An assembly according to claim 37, wherein the assembly (55) is a vehicle.
PCT/SE2014/050600 2013-05-21 2014-05-16 A method and a system for exhaust gas handling, an exhaust gas processing unit and an assembly WO2014189442A1 (en)

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Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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AU2013901810A AU2013901810A0 (en) 2013-05-21 Exhaust muffler
AU2013901810 2013-05-21
SE1300603-6 2013-09-18
SE1300603 2013-09-18

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Citations (6)

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US4426844A (en) * 1981-03-26 1984-01-24 Kubota Ltd. Engine muffler of heat-exchanging type
US5184464A (en) * 1991-04-22 1993-02-09 Harris International Sales Corporation Noise and emmission control apparatus
US5355973A (en) * 1992-06-02 1994-10-18 Donaldson Company, Inc. Muffler with catalytic converter arrangement; and method
US5983628A (en) * 1998-01-29 1999-11-16 Chrysler Corporation System and method for controlling exhaust gas temperatures for increasing catalyst conversion of NOx emissions
WO2002064955A1 (en) * 2001-02-13 2002-08-22 Ricardo Uk Limited System for supplying secondary air in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine
US20050279571A1 (en) * 1998-08-18 2005-12-22 Marocco Gregory M Exhaust sound and emission control systems

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4426844A (en) * 1981-03-26 1984-01-24 Kubota Ltd. Engine muffler of heat-exchanging type
US5184464A (en) * 1991-04-22 1993-02-09 Harris International Sales Corporation Noise and emmission control apparatus
US5355973A (en) * 1992-06-02 1994-10-18 Donaldson Company, Inc. Muffler with catalytic converter arrangement; and method
US5983628A (en) * 1998-01-29 1999-11-16 Chrysler Corporation System and method for controlling exhaust gas temperatures for increasing catalyst conversion of NOx emissions
US20050279571A1 (en) * 1998-08-18 2005-12-22 Marocco Gregory M Exhaust sound and emission control systems
WO2002064955A1 (en) * 2001-02-13 2002-08-22 Ricardo Uk Limited System for supplying secondary air in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine

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