WO2015007424A1

WO2015007424A1 - Lighting unit with light-emitting component

Info

Publication number: WO2015007424A1
Application number: PCT/EP2014/061091
Authority: WO
Inventors: Matthias LOSTER; Gertrud KRÄUTER; Florian BÖSL; Martin Moeck
Original assignee: Osram Gmbh
Priority date: 2013-07-19
Filing date: 2014-05-28
Publication date: 2015-01-22
Also published as: DE102013214237A1; EP3022481A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a lighting unit with a shaped substrate element in the form of an interconnect device made of a plastics material, having an at least partially concave surface on which a plurality of optoelectronic components are arranged, wherein some of the light emitted by a first of the plurality of components falls on the surface of the substrate element and this partial shielding of the light helps to determine the spatial emission characteristic of the lighting unit.

Description

description

LIGHTING UNIT WITH LIGHT-EMITTING COMPONENT

Technical area

The present invention relates to Beleuchtungsein unit with a substrate body an opto electronic device.

PRIOR ART Compared to conventional incandescent or even fluorescent lamps, currently developed optoelectronic light sources can be distinguished by improved energy efficiency. In the context of this disclosure, the terms "optoelectronic component" and "LED" refer to a radiation-emitting optoelectronic component made of a semiconducting material, for example an inorganic or even organic light-emitting diode.

The present invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a particularly advantageous lighting unit with optoelectronic component.

Presentation of the invention

According to the invention this problem is solved by a Beleuchtungsein ^¬ integrated with a substrate body having an at least partially concave surface and having a plurality of optoelectronic devices, which are adapted to emit light in the operation at a respective radiating surface, wherein a first component of the plurality construction ^¬ elements so on the surface of the substrate body is arranged, that a part of the at the radiating surface the first component of emitted light to the top ^¬ surface of the substrate body falls, and wherein the substrate ^¬ body as Molded, particularly injection-molded or extruded, circuit carrier made of a plastic is material provided and by the partial Abschat ^¬ processing of the light, the spatial radiation characteristic of the illumination unit influenced.

The partial shading generally takes place for at least one "first component", which is also referred to by the concretizations of the dependent claims, but preferably the corresponding relationships also apply to a "second component" and also other components, namely for example in this Series ^¬ increasingly increasingly preferred at least 25%, 50%, 75% of the components or all components.

A vorgese ^¬ hener for the inventive lighting unit substrate body has several functions, which can increase the depth of integration, simplifying about the structure and the production as a whole. Thus, the substrate body initially serves as a carrier, which holds the components in a spatial arrangement to each other. Further, a part of the on / the emitting surface (s) of or the devices emitted light to the Oberflä ^¬ surface of the substrate body, is this example, by this partially shadowing and optionally one further explained below in detail reflection even so the beamforming. The substrate body itself is preferably not transmissive, in particular there is no diffuse transmission, although of course transmissive regions can be incorporated into the substrate body. In this case, the substrate body is provided as urgeformte circuit ^¬ carrier, so he also integrates a track function; For example, the components may be connected to one another via an integrated strip conductor structure and / or also to a driver and / or control electronics. By contrast, a printed circuit board known from the prior art for the wiring of a component, on the other hand, offers no freedom of design in three dimensions, and further components are necessary for light shaping.

The substrate body of the illumination unit according to the invention, on the other hand, is provided with an at least partially concave surface and partially shadows, depending on the viewing direction of the illumination unit, the emission areas of the component (s). In other words, the bundle of rays emitted by a single component, in many cases a Lambertian bundle, is itself formed by the substrate body carrying the components, the substrate body "cuts" through the shading certain angles from the bundle of rays be absorbed by the substrate ^¬ body and / or reflected.

A substrate body provided according to the invention thus advantageously combines a beam-forming function, ie optical properties, and at the same time serves as a structural element also for mounting the components and, if appropriate, heat removal therefrom, wherein the substrate body is ideally also carrier of a printed conductor structure, preferably an integrated conductor. web structure, that provides the electrical contacting of the components. The inventors have found that a possible disadvantage of a urgeformten substrate body of a Kunst ^¬ material material, such as a thermoplastic material, compared to, for example, a FR4 printed circuit board may possibly be in a poorer heat conduction and correspondingly poorer cooling. Therefore, a plurality of devices are provided for the inventive lighting unit, so that the resulting power loss including advantageously distributed on the substrate body, that is in any case not concentrated on a single site is IMP EXP ^¬.

The lighting unit comprises at least two Bauele ^¬ elements, in this order with increasing preference Minim ^¬ least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 or 50 th Bauelemen-.

Regardless of the number of components, the substrate body should preferably each have a certain minimum thickness in the respective areas below the components, for example of at least 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm or 10 mm; For example, possible upper limits may be 20 cm, 15 cm, 10 cm, and 5 cm, respectively. The "minimum thickness" is measured in the direction of the center of gravity ^¬ beam of each component.

The term "component" or "LED" may mean both a self-contained and generally also an unhoused LED; In general, therefore, for example, an LED chip itself can be placed on the substrate body, such as a flip-chip. Preferably, however, previously housed components are arranged on the substrate body, which thus each have their own structure. have housing (in a housing can also be provided several LED chips); "Housing" means insofar a certain, not necessarily complete sheath with, for example, a potting material, usually together with one of the electrical and / or thermal contacting serving carrier plate.

A "molded circuit carrier" may be, for example, an extruded part (extruded circuit carrier) and preferably an injection molded part (injection molded circuit carrier). "Urformed" circuit carrier is a solid body made of a previously usually shapeless material.

The term "injection-molded circuit carrier" refers to a body which is released by a cavity to which flowable material has previously been supplied, at least partially within certain limits, which is at least partially hardened in the cavity at least 100 bar, 500 bar, or 1000 bar, possible upper limits may be about 3000 bar, 2500 bar or 2250. For example, hardening may be at a different hardening temperature than the feeding temperature, for example at lower and lower temperatures in the case of a thermosetting material at about higher temperature.

As "plastic material" may, for example polypropylene (PP, in particular cross-linked), polyamide (for ^¬ In game PA6, PA66, PA10, PA11, PA12), in particular hochtem ^¬ peraturbeständiges polyamide such as PPA or PA46, polyester (for example PBT, PET, PBT / PET, PCT, ABS, ABS / PC), polyphenylene sulfide, LCP and / or PEEK.

The surface of the primary formed substrate body is in any ^¬ if "sectionally concave", that is, a plane including the emitting surface of the (first) device, intersects the surface;. Preferably this applies to all components of the plurality In general, the emission surfaces must not, of course formed flat be and refers to this extent to a planar approximated radiating surface.

As far as in the context of this disclosure reference is made to the propagation of radiation or light, this of course does not mean that a corresponding spread must occur to fulfill the object; the lighting unit should be designed for a corresponding Ausbrei ^¬ tion. The terms "radiation" and "light" are used interchangeably in the context of the disclosure and may generally also include electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet or infrared; preferably, they relate to the visible region of the spectrum.

Preferred embodiments can be found in the dependent claims and further in the description. The presentation does not distinguish in detail below between the different categories of entitlements; the revelation is certainly implicit way ^¬ clearly a lighting unit, a corresponding light and respective manufacturing, operating or Ver ^¬ application aspects to read. In a preferred embodiment, the first of the components and the substrate body are provided in such a way that in a sectional plane containing the centroid beam of the first component at least the light propagating within a contiguous first shading angle range of 20 ° falls on the substrate body. The apex of the shading angle lies at the intersection of focus ^¬ shining and radiating. The shading angle range may be increasingly preferably at least 30 °, 40 °, 50 °, 60 °, 70 °, 80 ° and 85 ° in this order. The "center of gravity beam" results as the centroid beam of the power-weighted beams of the beam emitted by the corresponding component: in the case of a ^rectangular emitting Lambertian emitting surface, for example, it is perpendicular to the emission surface at the center of the area.

In a preferred embodiment of the Abschattungswinkelbereich opposite the heavy spot beam is maximum tilted - the Abschattungswinkelbereich is a "filled" with light region, so it is to be shaded starting the light emitted from the component beam bundles from the edge (the maximum tilt angle) in at ^¬ whose words Thus with. opposite the heavy spot beam maximum tilted rays starting abgeschat ^¬ tet. Depending on the extent of the Abschattungswinkelbereichs this can then extend to the focal spot beam, or beyond.

All this is preferably true not only for the first component, but also for a second component and more preferably further components, for example at least 2, 5, 8 or 10 components.

In a preferred embodiment, a second device of the plurality of devices is disposed in the region of the surface on which a portion of the light emitted by the first device falls directly (without prior reflection). This is particularly preferably in pairs for at least 25%, 50%, 75% of the components or all components. In Allgemeine NEN, the surface could of course also be formed locally convex adjacent to the concave shape, however, could thus provide, for example, shade, these relatively Zvi ^¬ rule two components to each other, a local survey. In a preferred embodiment, an area of the surface, in which components are arranged, viewed in a ^sectional plane containing the total center of gravity beam of the illumination unit, a shape corresponding at least in part to a conic section; the "center of gravity beam" is formed as a mean value of the total light emitted by the lighting unit, weighted by the power beams and approximately corresponds in the case of radiation with rotational symmetry of the rotation axis. The concave surface has also (in said sectional plane considered) a piece-wise "a conic ent ^¬ speaking form ", can thus be a part of an ellipse or a circle or even a hyperbola or parabola be ^¬ write; "Sectionwise" can be seen from a focal point of the conic form a mean over an angular range of at least 45 °, 90 ° or 135 ° extending form.

In a preferred embodiment (which may be more preferably combined with a conic shape), the surface in the overall center of gravity beam-containing sectional plane considered cup-shaped out ^¬ forms, for example U- or V-shaped, and projects a preferably circumferential edge of the pot shape over a range of Surface on which the components are arranged, back inwards. In other words, a surface portion of the substrate body defines a cavity (the cup shape) and partially conceals it by a collar (the recessed edge).

The "surface area", for example, by a changed the outer components of the assembly tangent envelope be fixed or approximately even up to a Be ^¬ rich extend in which, viewed approximately in a leg holding the overall center of gravity beam cutting plane, the curvature direction of the substrate body surface AEN, this becomes convex.

This embodiment with "collar" is particularly important for components of interest, which emit light of different colors, because in the cavity, a light mixture can be carried out and the rich at the same time covers the direct view of at least some of the components inside recessed Randbe-. The recessed Randbe ^¬ Rich represents in some respects an "undercut", which can be realized in a particularly advantageous manner with an injection-molded or extruded circuit carrier provided according to the invention. In a preferred embodiment, the substrate body is integrally formed, ie as a monolithic component without material boundary. Of course, this relates only to the substrate body itself making available the at least partially concave surface, a conductor track structure provided on the surface thereof being made of a metallic material.

In addition to the conductor track structure serving for electrical contacting of the components, it is generally also possible to apply structured coatings for directional and / or diffuse reflection or absorption in order to locally influence the optical properties of the substrate. Preferably, however, the serving of the electrical contact wire is al ^¬ lein on the surface of the web structure are provided, and optical and / or thermal properties set by embedded into the substrate body particles.

The "one-piece" design therefore does not exclude the sub ^¬ stratkörper embedded randomly distributed therein particles. An embedded into the substrate body Addi ^¬ tiv may even (even independent of the one-piece) may be preferred, diffuse at about the surface and / or specularly reflective or selectively absorbing egg ^¬ properties to confer; more preferably to a color pigment is embedded into the substrate body, such as titanium dioxide particles.

In general, the provision of a diffusely reflecting surface can (at least a surface portion) be before ^¬ Trains t, which generally also can mean a directional diffuse (specular diffuse) reflection and particularly preferably a uniform diffuse reflection is concerned, for example by a coating and / or roughening of the surface. The reflectivity in the visible region of the spectrum can, for example, in this order increasingly be at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90%, particularly preferably based on uniformly diffuse reflection.

Preference is also given a directed reflective surface area may be, for example, wherein a reflectivity of at least 90%, 95% or 98 "6 before it can be ^¬ Trains t.

In any case, since the absorption is reduced, the efficiency of the lighting unit can be increased. Since the preferred reflection is diffuse, the light beams are therefore not reflected with respect to the directions as in a geometric image, but with a certain random distribution, it is advantageously possible to avoid specular reflection of the components and to give the impression of a more uniform illumination.

Incidentally, an additive may additionally or independently also fulfill a different function, that is, for example, (also) an additive for increasing the thermal conductivity of the substrate body may be provided, for example particles of an electrically non-conductive ceramic. For example, particles which have BN, AlN, Al ₂ O ₃ and / or Sic, or particles which consist solely thereof, may be embedded in the substrate body. Despite the components provided in a plurality and, accordingly, at least somewhat above the substrate body. By distributed dissipated power dissipation, the thermal conductivity of the substrate body is increased compared to that of the base material and, for example, in this order increasingly preferably at least 2 W / (mK), 4 W / (mK), 6 W / (mK), 8 W / (mK) or 10 W / (mK). Advantageously, can then be dispensed with, for example, a ge ^¬ special heat sink, which can simplify design and manufacture.

Furthermore, it is also possible to provide an additive for increasing the strength of the substrate body (in addition to increasing the reflectivity and / or conductivity or else independently of this), which may increase the freedom of shaping, in particular minimum thicknesses. Thus, for example, fibers may be embedded in the substrate body, for example glass fibers and / or a mineral filler.

An optical element can also be integrated or integrated into the substrate body, that is to say in particular an optically transmissive element, such as, for example, a prism or grating. Generally also ei ^¬ ne recess in the substrate body is conceivable, by which thus can enter a part of light from a provided with components surface region to an opposite surface area. In general, a symmetrically constructed substrate body may be preferred, for example a rotationally symmetrical substrate body. The substrate body can also be translationally symmetrical, that is to say result by displacement, preferably linear displacement, of a section, in particular in the case of an extruded circuit carrier. Preferably, a lighting unit, wherein from ^¬ Finally, a wiring pattern for wiring of the components is provided on the surface. It is thus necessary in this case to the substrate body passing through vias or the like, thus on the substrate body by a penetrating to the opposite surface conductor path sections, which in turn can simplify the herstel ^¬ lung. Particularly preferred are the Lei ^¬ terbahnstruktur surface area is only on the elements carrying the Bauele-, "inner" is provided and the opposite, "outer" surface area of the substrate body free of the conductor track structure.

In principle, a ( "inner") the components supporting surface area is preferably more flat and not in strip form, that have the smallest and the largest extension of this surface area, for example a ratio of at least 1/5, more preferably Minim ^¬ least 1/4, 1/3 , 1/2 or 3/4, more preferably, the surface area is approximately square, and reference is made to the above definition of "surface area".

In a preferred embodiment, an outer surface area, which is opposite to the inner surface carrying the components surface area, provided as the outer surface of a lamp body. The lighting unit according to the invention must then be covered in a lamp not back with a housing element of the lamp, but is free in this respect.

In other words, not only does the light-emitting surface of the components emitted by the processing unit, but also an opposite outer ^¬ surface to the aesthetic impression that the lighting unit / light has on a viewer. The invention also explicitly relates to such a luminaire and a corresponding use of a lighting unit.

In general, and independently of the specific embodiment just mentioned, the invention is also directed to a luminaire with a lighting unit described in the context of this disclosure. In general, "luminaire" may mean, for example, the device which connects via the mains to a power socket or a clamping / screwing / soldering contact, in which case one or more lighting unit (s) can be seated, ie held.

The interconnect structure can in principle be applied, for example as part of a multi-component injection molding ^¬ the using as a component of the substrate body is injection molded, and as the other component such as a metallizable plastic, which is then electroplated example ^¬ example. In an injection mold, a carrier with the conductor track structure can also be inserted and back-injected. Further, the conductor ^¬ web structure may for example also in a hot embossing process be imparted to the previously injection-molded substrate member, such as a moving within the same embossing press punched metal foil starting.

It is also possible to apply the conductor track structure by laser direct structuring, wherein a laser beam "writes" the conductor track structure on the surface of the (injection-molded or extruded) substrate body and thereby embedded in the substrate body germs for exposes the subsequent metallization. On the other hand, the conductor track structure can also be applied by methods known from semiconductor production, ie by appropriate masking, wherein in exposed areas of a large-area applied (paint) mask, for example, the conductor track structure can grow or a previously deposited metal layer (under the (paint) mask) can be removed, for example by etching. In a preferred embodiment, the light incident on the substrate body from the first of the components generates an irradiation intensity distribution with a maximum and a part of the light re-emitted in the region of this maximum falls on an area of the substrate body which is from the first structure ^¬ element is not illuminated directly. The maximum of the Be ^¬ radiation intensity distribution is effectively a virtual light source; the light emitted by this (re) light (like the light directly emitted by the components) can again be formed by the substrate body.

Particularly preferably, viewed in a focusing spot beam of this virtual light source containing sectional plane, define a emanating de of the virtual light source tangent to the substrate body also approximately the light emitted from the lighting unit as a whole Strah ^¬ lenbündel to the outside; it is therefore this outer portion of the beam from the virtual light source ^¬ "supplied". Since the irradiance distribution has a certain curve, and the beam is then cut off is usually not "armed" and after outside limited, but the intensity seen from the maximum, for example over an angular range of at least 5 ° or 10 ° and at most 30 ° or 20 ° decrease ^¬ men. For example, a "maximum of irradiance distribution" may be an increased power in a "maximum surface area" that may, for example, have a diameter of less than 40 mm, 30 mm, 20 mm, or 10 mm (the term "diameter" is not necessarily so generally implying the mean of the smallest and largest extents), the average irradiance entering the maximum surface area may, for example, be around that in a surrounding region of about three, five or seven times the diameter at least two, three, four or five times larger.

The virtual light source also particularly preferably has a shading angle range, and it is expressly intended for the latter to also disclose the preferred angles and arrangements given above for the first shading angle range.

A preferred embodiment relates to a set of at least two lighting units. These at least two lighting units differ in the arrangement of the respective plurality of components, but are characterized by identical substrate body; The arrangement of the components differs in such a way that the two lighting units have a different emission characteristics. The emission characteristic of the components of the set may be about the extent "different", as viewed in the same sectional plane polar diagrams (with at ^¬ play, on the maximum power normalized power) to at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50 % are congruent not, based on the the larger area enclosing polar diagram. with only one type of substrate body and accordingly only one injection ^¬ tool or only one female in the case of extrusion different lighting units can thus realize what increase the modularity and cost of manufacture ^¬ can help reduce.

The invention also relates to a method for operating the lighting unit, where (at least) the first component in (at least) a first and a second operating state, light of different intensity emit ^¬ advantage, that is, for example, in this order with increasing preference in its intensity by at least 20 %, 30%, 40% and 45% distinctive light, respectively. The illumination unit has a different emission characteristic in the first and second operating states due to a different shadowing, and reference is made to the definition of "different" in the preceding paragraph Preferably, the total centroid beam in the second operating state is at least 10 ° in this Rei ^¬ henfolge increasing preference at least 20 °, 30 °, 40 °, 50 °, 60 °, 70 °, tilted with respect to the first operating state. This is also disclosed for the above-described set of at least two illumination units Thus, their respective total centroid rays should preferably be tilted accordingly.

The invention also relates to the use of an illumination unit or a lamp equipped with such an illumination unit for the general illumination, in particular for illumination with a fixed lamp, preferably for the lighting of a building, such as its immediacy ^¬ cash environment or preferably its interior, in particular for the illumination a work surface, such as a desk. Particularly preferred is an illumination unit used therein can be operated in a manner described in the standing before ^¬ paragraphs manner.

Brief description of the drawings

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments, wherein the individual features may also be ^{essential to} the invention in another combination and should be disclosed in this form.

In detail shows:

Fig. 1 is a first illustration of a

lighting unit in an oblique view;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

Fig. 3 intensity distribution of the lighting unit according to Figures 1 and 2 in a lardiagramm.

4 is a virtual light source on the Oberflä ^¬ surface of the substrate body of the lighting unit according to Figures 1 to 3, namely a maximum of the irradiance distribution;

5 shows a lighting unit according to the invention in an oblique view;

Fig. 6 shows the lighting unit of Figure 5 in egg ^¬ ner sectional view. 7 a, b, c intensity distributions of the illumination unit according to FIGS. 5 and 6 in different operating states; FIGS. 8 a, b, c show a further invention

Lighting unit in an oblique view, a side view and a bottom view;

. Fig. 9, the intensity distribution of an illumination unit according to Figures 8 a, b, c in egg ^¬ nem polar diagram; Figs. 10 a, b, c, the intensity of the red, green and blue light at the exit of the loading ^¬ illumination unit in accordance with the Fig. 8a, b, c.

Preferred embodiment of the invention

1 does not show a complete illumination unit 1 according to the invention, as only one component 3, that is to say only one of the LEDs actually provided in a plurality, is shown on the substrate body 2 for the sake of clarity. The conductor track structure used to make contact with the LED is likewise not shown, but lies together with the LED (s) on the same surface area of the substrate body 2, ie 1, the opposite "outer" surface area not visible in FIG. 1 represents an outer surface of a luminaire carrying the illumination unit 1 according to the invention.

Fig. 2 shows the lighting unit in accordance with Fig. 1 in egg ^¬ ner sectional view, the section plane is located in a the center of gravity beam 21 of the illumination unit 1 plane containing. The total center of gravity beam 21 results from the emission characteristic explained in greater detail with reference to FIG. 3, and is therefore determined by the light emitted by the LED 3 with the center of gravity beam 21 and its partial shading by or reflection on the substrate body 2. (In an actual illumination unit 1 affect a plurality of LEDs 3, each ^¬ chosen range centroid beam 22 the overall center of gravity beam 21.)

In the present case, the LED 3 and the substrate body 2 are arranged relative to one another such that the center of gravity beam 22 lies tangentially on the substrate body 2. Correspondingly, half of the light emitted by the LED 3 Lambertsch falls onto the substrate body 2 and is diffusely reflected by it, specifically by titanium dioxide particles embedded therein. Fig. 3 shows the resultant far-field intensity distribution of these ^¬ (exemplary) with only one LED 3-powered illumination unit 1, in a polar diagram with intensity to the maximum intensity normalized In ^¬. For orientation and comparison with FIG. 2, a first straight line 25 and a second straight line 26 are drawn, which limit the beam substantially ^¬ limits.

In the angular range between about 55 ° and 65 °, shows a 65 ° back decreasing intensity, although the directly emitted from the LED 3 has its light Intensitätsma ^¬ maximum at 65 °, see FIG. The reason for this is that the distribution at the maximum is not simply cut off by the substrate, but light diffusely reflected and accordingly the intensity at angles <60 ° is amplified. The Substratkör ^¬ per 2 is the beam shaping, so determines the Ab ^¬ beam characteristic.

The second straight line 26 does not lie at an angle which corresponds to that of the left-hand leg of the substrate body 2 in FIG. 2 (this would be approximately -25 °), but somewhat "shallower", namely at -40 ° Thus, due to the reflection on the substrate body, an angular range is illuminated in which no light would fall when viewing the LED 3 alone or in the case of a perfectly absorbent substrate body 2.

FIG. 4 illustrates the formation of the flatter second straight line 26. The FIGURE shows the illumination unit 1 in a plan view, namely (with reference to the orientation according to FIG. 2), looking from below onto the surface of the substrate body 2.

The light falling from the LED 3 onto the substrate body 2 generates thereon an irradiation intensity distribution, which is represented in FIG. 4 by contour lines. It can be seen that the irradiance distribution near the top of the substrate body 2, at the upper end of the right th long leg has a maximum of 41. Its position is also marked in the sectional view of FIG. 2 by a corresponding circle. Since in this surface area so much light from the LED 3 is incident, also a corresponding amount of light is re-emitted; the region of the maximum 41 represents a virtual light source in this respect. The light re-emitted by the latter is partially shaded by the substrate body 2 (like the light emitted directly by the LED 3); From a corresponding tangent results in the beam approximately limiting second straight line 26th

5 shows a lighting unit 1 according to the invention with a substrate body 2, on which a first LED 3a and a second LED 3b are arranged. Also conceivable is an illumination unit 1, the out ^¬ formed as an elongate body and shipping ^¬ hen for example, with a total of 50 LEDs 3, FIG 5 then show one of 25 aneinanderge- translated portions, the lighting unit may be so constructed by linear displacement of the portion ,

FIG. 6 shows the illumination unit 1 according to FIG. 5 in a side view looking thereon, again the first 3a and the second LED 3b can be seen arranged on the substrate body 2. The first, left in the figure the legs of the substrate body 2, on which the first LED 3a is attached ^¬ arranged, and the second, right in the figure the legs of the substrate body 2, on which the second LED 3b is angeord ^¬ net, are perpendicular to each , Accordingly, the first 22a and the second centroid ray 22b are perpendicular to each other. FIGS. 7a, b, c show the intensity distribution of the lighting unit 1 according to FIGS. 5 and 6 in polar ^diagrams , namely for three different operating states. In the first, in Figure 7a operating state shown only the first LED 3a is operated, thus determines the direct light emitted from this light and that of the sub ^¬ stratkörper 2 re-emitted light (which originally comes also from the first LED 3a) the radiation. For orientation and for comparison with Figure 6, the first straight line 25a is located, which limits the beam "to the right". The first line 25a resulting in Fi ^¬ gur 6 as from the base point of the heavy spot beam 22a out ^¬ rising tangent to the substrate body 2. the Substratkör- per 2 shades in the first operating state, that is, a be ^¬ rich with angles> 65 °, and there is a Ge ^¬ samtschwerpunktstrahl 21a which lies at an angle of approximately 25 °.

The lighting situation shown in Figure 7c, in which the second LED al lein is operated 3b is to mirror ^¬ symmetrical (with respect to the 0 ° axis). The total center of gravity beam 21b is thus at about -25 °, and the first straight line 25b limits the beam to the left. By switching between the two operating states (FIGS. 7a and 7c), the orientation of the total center of gravity beam 21 can thus be changed by approximately 50 °, which may be of interest, for example, in the selective illumination of a work surface.

FIG. 7b shows a third operating state in which the first 2a and the second LED 2b (which are identical in construction) be operated with the same power, so emit light of the same intensity and distribution. The power of each LED 3a, b is selected such that the same overall performance results for the three operating states (FIGS. 7a, b, c); in the operating state illustrated in FIG. 7b, the LEDs 3a, b are thus operated at half power respectively.

The total center of gravity beam 21 lies in FIG. 7b at 0 °, and the beam is bounded by the two first straight lines 25a, b on both sides. ^{Of course} , the two LEDs 25a, b could each also be operated at full power, and thus the illumination in the 0 ° range could be intensified. In the aforementioned illumination of a work surface, such a mode could be selected in the case of a particularly de ^¬ tailträchtigen work so, whereas the operating states shown in FIGS 7a and for example, can help reduce interference from glare 7c. FIGS. 8a, b, c show a further illumination unit 1 according to the invention, in an oblique view from below (FIG. 8a), in a side view (FIG. 8b) and in a plan view from below (FIG. 8c). The substrate ^¬ body 2 is hollow spherical in this case, that is corresponds to a below its center point cut hollow spherical shape.

The substrate body 2 thus forms a partially opened ^¬ te hollow sphere whose inner surface, on which the LEDs 3 are arranged, limits a cavity. The The outer surface 81 is a visible outer surface of the luminaire.

On the inner surface, the LEDs 3 are statistically distributed, with LEDs 3 of three different colors (red, green, blue) being provided; Mixing the red, green and blue light produces white light.

FIG. 9 shows an intensity distribution in a polar diagram for the illumination unit 1 according to FIG. The light exits at the light exit surface 82, that is to say the opening of the hollow spherical shape, and has approximately a Lambertian characteristic (FIG. 9).

The outlet surface 82 is tapered with respect to the inner diameter of the hollow sphere, in the plan view from below according to FIG. 8c, a collar 83 projecting inwards (relative to the distance to the total center of gravity beam 21) can be seen, which therefore projects the light exit surface 82.

FIGS. 10 a, b, c show the intensity distribution of the red (FIG. 10 a), green (FIG. 10 b) and blue (FIG. 10 c) light exiting at the exit surface 82, in each case normalized to the maximum intensity. Per color is the intensity profile for two in the off ^¬ exit surface 21 lying straight lines 101, 102 illustrated, and which extend respectively through the center of the exit surface 82 perpendicular to each other.

It can be seen from FIGS. 10 a, b, c that, for each of the three colors, the course of the relative intensity over the exit surface 82 is relatively uniform, apart from smaller fluctuations. Accordingly, will So the red, green and blue light well mixed in the cavity, so the white light shows only a small fluctuation in the color locus depending on the spatial coordinates.

Claims

Expectations

Lighting unit (1).

a substrate body (2) with a surface that is concave at least in sections

and with a plurality of optoelectronic components (3) which are designed to emit light on a ^respective radiation surface during operation, a first component (3) of the plurality ^of components (3) being positioned in this way on the surface of the substrate ^body (2) is arranged so that part ^of the light emitted on the radiation surface of the first component (3) is emitted onto the surface of the substrate body

(2) falls,

and wherein the substrate body (2) is ^provided as an originally formed circuit carrier made of a plastic material and co-determines the spatial radiation characteristics of the lighting unit (1) by partially shading the light.

Lighting unit (1) according to claim 1, in which a first component (3) of the plurality of components

(3) and the substrate body (2) are provided in such a way that the light propagating within a ^coherent first shading angle range of at ^least 20° is viewed in a cutting ^plane containing the center of gravity beam (22) of the first component (3). the substrate body

(2) falls. Lighting unit (1) according to claim 2, in which the first shading angle range is tilted to the maximum relative to the center of gravity beam (22).

Lighting unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which a second component (3) of the plurality of components (3) is arranged in the area of the surface onto which part of the light emitted on the radiation surface of the first component (3) falls directly .

Lighting unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the surface on which the components (3) are arranged, viewed in a sectional plane containing the overall center of gravity beam (21) of the lighting unit (1), ^corresponds at ^least in sections to a conic section has shape.

Lighting unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which a region of the surface, viewed in a sectional plane containing the overall center of gravity beam (21), is cup-shaped and an edge of this cup shape springs back inwards.

Lighting unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the substrate body (2) is formed in one piece. 8. Lighting unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the substrate body (2) has a diffuse-reflecting surface at least in some areas. area, preferably due to an additive embedded in the ^substrate body (2).

Illumination unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, preferably in conjunction with claim 8, in which the light falling from the first component (3) of the plurality of components onto a reflecting area of the substrate body (2) has an irradiance distribution with a maximum (41 ) is generated, with part of the light re-emitted from the ^area of the maximum (41) falling on ^an area of the substrate body (2) which is not directly illuminated by the first component.

Lighting unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which a conductor track structure for contacting the plurality of components (3) is provided exclusively on the surface.

Lighting unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which at least one surface ^area of the substrate body (2), which is arranged opposite a surface area carrying the ^components (3), is provided as the outer surface of a lamp.

Set of at least two lighting units (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the substrate bodies (2) of the at least two lighting ^units of the set are identical to one another, but the at least two lighting units (1) differ in the arrangement of the respective plurality of components (3) on the respective surface in such a way that the at least two lighting units (1) differ in terms of their spatial radiation characteristics.

Method for operating a lighting unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, in which the first of the plurality of components (3) emits light of ^different intensity in a ^first and a second operating state, so that the ^lighting unit (1) , due to ^different shading, has a different spatial ^radiation characteristic in the first and second operating states.

Method according to claim 13, in which the overall center of gravity beam (21) is tilted in the second operating state by at least 10° compared to the first ^operating state.

Use of a lighting unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11 for general lighting, in particular for lighting with a stationary lamp, in particular for illuminating a ^building , in particular for interior lighting of a ^building .