WO2015112379A1

WO2015112379A1 - Apparatuses, systems and methods for aligned abrasive grains

Info

Publication number: WO2015112379A1
Application number: PCT/US2015/011178
Authority: WO
Inventors: JR John P. RIZZO
Original assignee: United Technologies Corporation
Priority date: 2014-01-22
Filing date: 2015-01-13
Publication date: 2015-07-30
Also published as: US20160221153A1

Abstract

Systems and methods for creating grinding wheels are provided. The systems and methods may employ aligned abrasive grains. In this regard, the abrasive grains may have a known polarity and cutting orientation. The abrasive grains may be alignable in response to being exposed to an electrical current and/or a magnetic field. The abrasive grains may be aligned of a film that is processed into a grinding wheel.

Description

TITLE: APPARATUSES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ALIGNED

ABRASIVE GRAINS

FIELD

The present disclosure generally relates to apparatuses, systems, and methods for grinding wheels, and more specifically, to grinding wheels with aligned abrasive grains.

BACKGROUND

Traditional grinding is often used for precision finishing. Grinding operations typically have lower material removal rates than turning (e.g., lathe operations) and/or milling processes. Abrasive grinding wheels typically include abrasive particles that are added to a retention medium in a random fashion. In this regard, the abrasive particles are not oriented with respect to one another and/or the direction of rotation of the grinding wheel. SUMMARY

A method may comprise depositing a plurality of abrasive grains on a film, aligning the abrasive grains on the film, depositing a bond on the film (wherein the bond is configured to fill the void between the each of the plurality of abrasive grains) and curing the bond.

A grinding wheel is provided. The grinding wheel may be made from a process comprising: distributing a plurality of abrasive grains on a film; aligning the abrasive grains on the film with at least one of a magnetic field and an electrical current; wrapping the film into a about a hub; and firing the wrapped film to form the grinding wheel.

A grinding wheel is provided. The grinding wheel may comprise a plurality of layers. Each of the plurality of layers may comprise a film. Each of the plurality of layers may be bonded together by a firing process. The film may comprise a plurality of abrasive grains, each of the plurality of grains positioned in a cutting orientation in response to application of a magnetic field prior to the firing process.

The forgoing features and elements may be combined in various combinations without exclusivity, unless expressly indicated herein otherwise. These features and elements as well as the operation of the disclosed embodiments will become more apparent in light of the following description and accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The subject matter of the present disclosure is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. A more complete understanding of the present disclosure, however, may best be obtained by referring to the detailed description and claims when considered in connection with the drawing figures, wherein like numerals denote like elements.

FIG. 1 illustrates an abrasive grain, in accordance with various embodiments;

FIG. 2A illustrates a top view of a plurality of abrasive grains disposed on a film, in accordance with various embodiments;

FIG. 2B illustrates a side view of a plurality of abrasive grains disposed on a film, in accordance with various embodiments;

FIG. 3 illustrates a side view of a grinding wheel, in accordance with various embodiments; and

FIG. 4 illustrates a process flow to create a grinding wheel, in accordance with various embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description of exemplary embodiments herein makes reference to the accompanying drawings, which show exemplary embodiments by way of illustration. While these exemplary embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the inventions, it should be understood that other embodiments may be realized and that logical, chemical and mechanical changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventions. Thus, the detailed description herein is presented for purposes of illustration only and not of limitation. For example, the steps recited in any of the method or process descriptions may be executed in any order and are not necessarily limited to the order presented. Furthermore, any reference to singular includes plural embodiments, and any reference to more than one component or step may include a singular embodiment or step. Also, any reference to attached, fixed, connected or the like may include permanent, removable, temporary, partial, full and/or any other possible attachment option. Additionally, any reference to without contact (or similar phrases) may also include reduced contact or minimal contact.

In various embodiments, multi-layer grinding wheels may have improved abrasive and/or material removal rates, where the grinding wheels comprise precision-shaped abrasive grains. These abrasive grains may be alignable during the manufacturing process. In this regard, the abrasive grains may be aligned such that they have material removal rates that are similar to milling and/or turning (e.g., lathe) processes. The abrasive grains may comprise particular cutting surfaces and/or particular shapes that improve material removal rates.

In various embodiments, and with reference to FIG. 1, an abrasive grain 110 may comprise a first portion 102 (e.g., a first end), a second portion 104 (e.g., a second end), and a cutting portion 106. Abrasive grain 110 may be of any suitable size, including, for example, between approximately 220 grit (e.g., having an average particle diameter of 68 micrometers) and approximately 60 grit (e.g., having an average particle diameter of 265 micrometers). Abrasive grain 110 may be used in the manufacturing of an abrasive wheel. Abrasive grain 110 may also have a magnetic polarity between first portion 102 and second portion 104. In this regard, first portion 102 and/or second portion 104 may be magnetic poles. The polarity may allow abrasive grain 110 to be oriented in response to be subjected to an electrical current and/or a magnetic field. In this regard, abrasive grain 110 may be created with and/or include a ferromagnetic characteristic and/or material (e.g., iron). Abrasive grain 110 may also comprise and/or be coated with a paramagnetic coating. The magnetic field may be created and/or applied by any suitable method. In this regard, abrasive grain 110 may comprise an inclusion material and/or a coating containing a ferromagnetic material and/or a paramagnetic material, giving abrasive grain 110 ferromagnetic characteristics and/or paramagnetic characteristics.

In various embodiments, and with reference to FIGs. 2A and 2B and FIG. 4, a plurality of abrasive grains 210 (shown as abrasive grain 210-1, abrasive grain 210-2, abrasive grain 210-3, abrasive grain 210-4, abrasive grain 210-5, abrasive grain 210-6 in FIG. 2A) may be deposited and/or distributed on a film 222 (Step 410) as part of a method of manufacture for grinding wheels. The plurality of abrasive grains 210 may be aligned and/or positioned on film 222 (Step 420). More specifically, the plurality of abrasive grains 210 may be oriented by application of an electrical charge and/or a magnetic field to at least one of the film 222 and/or to the plurality of abrasive grains 210. In this regard, each of the plurality of abrasive grains 210 may have a polarity such that each of the plurality of abrasive grains 210 may move and/or reorient in response to the electrical charge and/or magnetic field.

In various embodiments, the aligning may orient the plurality of abrasive grains 210 in a known and/or designed fashion. For example, the aligning may orient the plurality of abrasive grains 210 into a cutting orientation. Each of the cutting portions of the plurality of abrasive grains 210 may be aligned and/or oriented in a similar fashion. Moreover, the aligning may be accomplished by creating a conductive pattern in film 222. In this regard, the conductive pattern may be designed and applied to film 222 to organize and/or position abrasive grains 210 in a desired configuration. The cutting portions may be aligned based on the rotation of a grinding wheel, the type of grinding wheel being manufactured, the type of grinding and/or processing being done, and/or the like.

In various embodiments, abrasive grains 210 may be placed and/or positioned in film 222 by any suitable method. For example, abrasive grains 210 may be individually positioned on film 222. Abrasive grains 210 may also be dropped and/or propelled at high velocity (e.g., sprayed) to be positioned on film 222.

In various embodiments, a bond 224 may be deposited on film 222 (Step 430). An assembly 200 may be formed in response to the depositing of the bond 224. Assembly 200 may include film 222, the plurality of abrasive grains 210 and bond 224. Bond 224 may include filler 226. Bond 224 may coat and/or fill voids between each of the plurality of abrasive grains 210 on a first surface of film 222. In various embodiments, the plurality of abrasive grains 210 may be aligned in bond 224. In response to abrasive grains 210 and bond 224 being disposed on film 222 and the plurality of abrasive grains 210 being aligned, assembly 200 may be cured (Step 440).

In various embodiments, assembly 200 and/or film 222 may be wrapped (Step 450). For example, film 222 of assembly 200 may be rolled around a hub, rod or other suitable device for forming an axis of a grinding wheel. Wrapped film 222 may have any suitable shape including, for example, a cylindrical shape, a conical shape, and/or the like. Wrapped film 222 may be sized, shaped, cut and/or the like (Step 455).

In various embodiments and with reference to FIGs. 2A-2B, 3, and 4 assembly 200 may be fired to create grinding wheel 300 (Step 460). A grinding wheel may have abrasive grains 310 in engineered alignment.

In various embodiments, film 222 may be porous. The porous nature of film 222 may allow contact between a first layer of film 222 and a second layer of film 222. Moreover, film 222 may comprise and/or include a surface texture and/or bonding structure. The surface texture and/or bonding structure may promote bonding between a first layer of film 222 and a second layer of film 222, during the wrapping and/or firing processes.

In various embodiments and with reference to FIG. 3, grinding wheel 300 may be cut and/or shaped in any suitable fashion after firing. Grinding wheel 300 may comprise a plurality of abrasive grains 310 (shown as abrasive grain 310-1, abrasive grain 310-2, abrasive grain 310-3 in FIG. 3). Moreover, grinding wheel 300 may comprise an outer surface or an outer diameter 332 and an axis or hub 334. A first plurality of abrasive grains 310 may be disposed along the outer diameter to form a cutting and/or processing surface. Grinding wheel 300 may be configured to rotate about hub 334. Moreover, the plurality of abrasive grains 310 may be aligned in a cutting orientation based on the rotational configuration of the grinding wheel.

In various embodiments, the systems and methods described herein may provide for increased tool life, improved surface finishing quality, improved machine part quality and/or reduced cost. In various embodiments, the systems and methods described herein may enable process changes from traditional turning and/or machining to grinding.

Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described herein with regard to specific embodiments. Furthermore, the connecting lines shown in the various figures contained herein are intended to represent exemplary functional relationships and/or physical couplings between the various elements. It should be noted that many alternative or additional functional relationships or physical connections may be present in a practical system. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any elements that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as critical, required, or essential features or elements of the inventions. The scope of the inventions is accordingly to be limited by nothing other than the appended claims, in which reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean "one and only one" unless explicitly so stated, but rather "one or more." Moreover, where a phrase similar to "at least one of A, B, or C" is used in the claims, it is intended that the phrase be interpreted to mean that A alone may be present in an embodiment, B alone may be present in an embodiment, C alone may be present in an embodiment, or that any combination of the elements A, B and C may be present in a single embodiment; for example, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C.

Systems, methods and apparatus are provided herein. In the detailed description herein, references to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "various embodiments", etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described. After reading the description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement the disclosure in alternative embodiments. Furthermore, no element, component, or method step in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element, component, or method step is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element herein is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 112(f), unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase "means for." As used herein, the terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A method comprising:

depositing a plurality of abrasive grains on a film;

aligning the abrasive grains on the film;

depositing a bond on the film, wherein the bond is configured to fill the void between the plurality of abrasive grains; and

curing the bond.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising wrapping the film to form at least one of a cylinder and a cone.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising firing the at least one of the cylinder and the cone to form a grinding wheel.

4. The method of claim 2, further comprising sizing the at least one of the cylinder and the cone.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of abrasive grains comprises a first portion having first charge and a second portion having a second charge.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein each of the plurality of abrasive grains includes at least one of a coating and an inclusion material, wherein the at least one of the coating and the inclusion material having at least one of a paramagnetic characteristic and a

ferromagnetic characteristic.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein each of the plurality of abrasive grains have a cutting orientation.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein a grinding wheel formed by the method has an increased material removal rate based on the cutting orientation of each of the plurality of abrasive grains.

9. The method of claim 5, wherein the aligning the abrasive grains includes applying at least one of an electrical current and a magnetic field.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the bond comprises filler.

11. A grinding wheel made from a process comprising:

distributing a plurality of abrasive grains on a film;

aligning the abrasive grains on the film with at least one of a magnetic field and an electrical current;

wrapping the film into a about a hub; and

firing the wrapped film to form the grinding wheel.

12. The grinding wheel of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of abrasive grains has a cutting orientation.

13. The grinding wheel of claim 12, wherein the cutting orientation is associated with at least one of the type of grinding wheel and the direction of rotation of the grinding wheel.

14. The grinding wheel of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of abrasive grains has a first end and a second end.

15. The grinding wheel of claim 14, and wherein each of the plurality of abrasive grains has a polarity between the first end and the second end.

16. The grinding wheel of claim 15, wherein each of the plurality of abrasive grains is alignable in response to the application of an electrical current.

17. The grinding wheel of claim 11, wherein a bond is disposed on the film and the bond fills the voids between each of the abrasive grains.

18. The grinding wheel of claim 11, wherein the bond is at least partially cured prior to the wrapping.

19. A grinding wheel comprising:

a plurality of layers, each of the plurality of layers comprising a film, wherein each of the plurality of layers is bonded together by a firing process, and wherein the film comprises a plurality of abrasive grains, each of the plurality of grains positioned in a cutting orientation in response to application of a magnetic field prior to the firing process.

20. The grinding wheel of claim 19, wherein the each of the abrasive grains comprises at least one of a coating and an inclusion material.

21. The grinding wheel of claim 19, wherein the at least one of the coating and the inclusion material having at least one of a paramagnetic characteristic and a ferromagnetic characteristic.