WO2017014183A1

WO2017014183A1 - Exercise capacity and exercise evaluation system

Info

Publication number: WO2017014183A1
Application number: PCT/JP2016/070991
Authority: WO
Inventors: 克之柿木
Original assignee: ＢｌｕｅＷｙｃｈ合同会社
Priority date: 2015-07-17
Filing date: 2016-07-15
Publication date: 2017-01-26
Also published as: JPWO2017014183A1; JP6770749B2

Abstract

A training assistance method comprising: a capacity estimation step of estimating the total capacity of an internal main reactor that supplies necessary energy for sustaining exercise by metabolic reaction and a first and a second internal sub-reactors, by monitoring a concentration change in metabolite accompanying metabolic reaction in each of the reactors; a capacity estimation step of estimating the capacity of the first internal sub-reactor using the rate of production of at least one of pyruvic acid or lactic acid as an index; a fatigue level acquisition step of quantitatively estimating a relationship between continuation of the exercise and fatigue that develops over time, on the basis of a metabolic reaction formula estimated by a metabolic reaction formula estimation method; and a training method deriving step of deriving an optimum training method on the basis of the estimated total capacity and the estimated capacity of the first sub-reactor.

Description

Motor ability and exercise evaluation system

The present invention relates to an evaluation system for athletic ability and exercise. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for assessing an endurance exercise capacity of an exerciser based on a plurality of measurement variables indicating the exercise state of the exerciser during exercise, and the quality of exercise performed by the exerciser. The present invention relates to a method for analysis and evaluation. Further, the present invention is a method for estimating the endurance exercise ability by estimating the exercise ability of the exerciser based on the variable indicating the exercise state of the exerciser, and evaluating the quality of exercise performed by the exerciser. The present invention relates to a method and database system for creating a support database for estimating any element selected from the group consisting of an athlete's state, possible exercise quantity and quality for supporting execution.

In the measurement of exercise intensity, measurement based on the amount of oxygen ingested by breathing has been widely performed. In recent years, measuring instruments for measuring exercise intensity (hereinafter referred to as “power measuring instruments”) have been developed and miniaturized. For this reason, depending on the competition, in addition to the heart rate, pulse, and respiration rate at the competition site, the altitude and exercise speed at which the competitor is currently located can be measured and collected as data.

For example, a bicycle competition is a sport in which such measurement devices can be loaded and exercise history can be collected as data. In addition to the data indicating the physical condition as described above, the pitch or the rotational speed of the legs can be measured. For this reason, devices for data collection as described above are sold at a price of tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of yen together with software having a simple analysis function from each measuring instrument manufacturer.

On the other hand, energy is required to keep exercising, but there are two such energy sources: fat and sugar. First, fat, which is a main energy source (hereinafter referred to as “first energy source”), is mostly used to produce ATP by oxidative metabolic reaction in the main reactor (see FIG. 1). . From the sugar, which is the second energy source, pyruvic acid is generated by the glycolysis reaction in the first side reactor. Pyruvate is also used as a raw material for ATP production in the main reactor, but becomes lactic acid when reduced by the action of lactate dehydrogenase. Lactic acid is also used for the production of ATP. Part of the oxidative metabolite of fat is utilized in the creatine phosphate consumption-resynthesis reaction in the second side reactor to produce ATP (see FIG. 1).

When the exercise intensity is low, ATP is mainly generated by oxidative metabolism of the first energy source (see FIG. 2). On the other hand, as the exercise intensity increases, the ratio of ATP supply from the side reactor increases. And it is known that when the amount of the second energy source, that is, the amount of sugar used is increased, it is difficult to maintain exercise due to fatigue (see FIG. 2).

By the way, it can be said that the exercise intensity and the blood lactate concentration are in a proportional relationship while the exercise intensity (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “power”) is low. However, it is known that when the exercise intensity is increased, the blood lactic acid concentration rapidly increases when a certain intensity is reached (see FIG. 3). For this reason, conventionally, when measured by respiration, an anaerobic threshold (Anaerobic Threshold, hereinafter abbreviated as AT) or a lactate threshold (Lactate Threshold, hereinafter abbreviated as “LT”). Has been used as an indicator of endurance exercise capacity. As shown in FIG. 3, LT is an exercise intensity that is observed when the exercise intensity is increased and indicates a point at which the blood lactate concentration starts to increase rapidly. It is defined as exercise intensity (power) that makes difficult exercise difficult. In recent years, the importance of LT has become clear as an index of endurance exercise ability.

LT is widely used as an indicator of endurance exercise ability because the measurement at the site is simple. When measuring LT in the laboratory, a gradual load test is performed. This is a test in which exercise is performed at a constant intensity for a certain period of time, the blood lactate concentration is measured each time, and then the intensity is gradually increased.

The LT is determined by measuring the blood lactate concentration of the subject according to the exercise intensity to be maintained, creating a lactate curve representing the relationship between the exercise intensity and the blood lactate concentration, and determining the specific concentration change value. Based on the Lactate curve (hereinafter referred to as the “Lactate curve method”) and the method in which the blood lactate concentration reaches 4 mmol / L uniformly based on the Lactate curve (( It is known that there is an onset of blood lactic acid accumulation (Onset 「Blood LactatecumAccumulation, hereinafter referred to as" OBLA method ").

In the former method using the lactate curve, LT is determined as the LT power, the LT heart rate, the LT speed, and the like near the intensity at which the increase in blood lactate concentration begins. FIG. 3 shows points for determining Δ1 mmol / L from the baseline as an example of the LT determination method. The latter LT determination method is different from the former method in that the point at which the blood lactate concentration uniformly reaches 4 mmol / L from the Lactate curve is used as an index of endurance exercise ability.

As described above, as the work rate measuring device is reduced to a size that can be loaded on a bicycle and has become widespread, LT is obtained simply and approximately by several methods as an index of endurance exercise intensity. I was able to do it. As a method for determining LT using such a device, there are a method for obtaining from measured training data, a method for obtaining from the distribution frequency of the work rate distribution, a method for obtaining from the relationship between the exercise intensity called “Critical Power (CP)” and the sustainable time. . CP is a method in which the athlete who is the subject actually executes the intensity a plurality of times, or estimates a power value that can be maintained based on the intensity data value during training. CP is a more practical estimation method of the endurance exercise index, and the LT intensity can be estimated more easily and approximately.

In the method described above, the blood lactate concentration is measured in order to determine the metabolic ability of the exerciser. Specifically, the blood lactate concentration is measured when an exercise test that maintains a constant intensity for a certain period of time is performed. As the exercise intensity is gradually increased, there is a phenomenon in which the blood lactate concentration increases as the exercise intensity increases, and the intensity (power value, speed, etc.) at that time is set as LT, which is a representative value of endurance exercise ability. That is, conventionally, the blood lactic acid concentration has been measured by a method of measuring the lactic acid concentration at a predetermined time while maintaining a constant load (hereinafter referred to as “prior art”).

By the way, in an exercise actually performed by an exerciser, there are intermittent fluctuations in exercise intensity for various reasons (such as fatigue that progresses with exercise, course fluctuations, weather, etc.), and the history of complicated exercise intensity fluctuations over time It is common to follow. The history of changes in exercise intensity follows a variety of patterns depending on the endurance exercise ability and course of each exerciser, along with energy consumption corresponding to each exerciser's endurance exercise ability and exercise history, and fatigue accordingly Follow the path to reach.

It is necessary to proceed with an appropriate configuration according to each athlete's specific metabolic ability, such as achievement of the target exercise (for example, full marathon completion), exercise intensity, exercise time, number of exercises, etc. It is desirable that the same consideration be given to the training performed to achieve the target exercise. To that end, while tracing the fluctuation history of exercise intensity over time, the influence of previous exercises on subsequent exercises can be considered as a connected phenomenon in the change over time. A method for comprehensively evaluating the quality of exercise from the state is necessary. Here, the state of the exerciser is represented by the concentration of the metabolite or the progress of fatigue that changes with the continuation of exercise.

In addition, exercise history generally varies with time because exercise intensity varies intermittently due to weather and other causes such as fatigue accumulated during exercise, course fluctuations, rain, wind strength, and high and low temperatures. It becomes complicated and shows various patterns. And energy consumption changes according to the endurance exercise ability and exercise history of each exerciser, and fatigue accumulates corresponding to this. For this reason, for example, when aiming at the completion of a full marathon, it is necessary to suppress the accumulation of fatigue as much as possible while responding to varying exercise intensity. And, with the elements such as exercise intensity, time, number of times, etc. as the optimum configuration according to each athlete's specific metabolic ability, it is possible to improve the endurance exercise ability and perform exercise with the exercise intensity required in the competition It is necessary to advance training.

The prior art is an excellent method in that the lactic acid concentration at a certain time can be known while maintaining a constant load. However, even if the load during exercise was kept constant, the blood lactate concentration that gradually increased could not be measured over time.
Moreover, even if the endurance exercise capacity value is determined as Δ1 mmol / L or OBLA from the baseline by the LT determination method using the conventional lactate curve, in practice, higher exercise intensity and blood lactate concentration are maintained. However, it is known that many athletes can exercise for a long time.

For this reason, it is difficult to strictly evaluate each person's ability with respect to the endurance exercise ability using the conventional LT determination method. More specifically, although it was possible to determine the exercise intensity suitable for the measurement target exerciser, it was not possible to determine what type of training history was best for the measurement target exerciser. This means that it is difficult to develop a training program that can achieve the maximum effect. In other words, there is no indicator of fatigue progress that accurately reflects the history of exercise intensity that varies with time.
For this reason, it is understood how the previous exercise affects the subsequent exercise, that is, the quality of the exercise from the state of the exerciser as a connected phenomenon in the change over time. There was a strong social demand for a method to evaluate the situation.

Also, how much exercise intensity is maintained in the course of intensity change over time in actual exercise, how much blood lactate concentration is maintained, and how much fatigue progresses along with it? It is essential to create an appropriate program. In order to determine the degree of fatigue strictly as a numerical value, it is necessary to collect muscles and blood samples and to perform physiological analysis thereof.
However, it is difficult to make such measurements while exercising, and it is impossible to take such samples during competition.

For this reason, the lactic acid production formula in the first sub-reactor (see FIGS. 1 and 2), which serves as an index of metabolic ability to supply energy for sustaining exercise, is created without measuring blood concentration. There was a strong social demand.
Furthermore, at present, there is no appropriate index for evaluating temporary fatigue that occurs when a high-intensity exercise is performed in a short time. For this reason, there has been a strong social demand for evaluating temporary fatigue in the above-described case and creating a metabolic reaction rate expression representing the progress and recovery of fatigue.

Under the circumstances as described above, the present inventor has conducted research on changes in the concentration of metabolic reaction substances that indirectly indicate the state of the exerciser that changes as the exercise continues. Then, the inventor appropriately combines a plurality of specific measurable amounts, and when the specific plurality of measurable amounts are variables, estimates in the form of the sum of the products of the functions for each of the variables The knowledge that the reaction rate formula which can ensure accuracy can be expressed was obtained. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.
That is, any one of the first to third sets of variables is selected, and each value of the exercise state variable included in the selected set is continuously measured for at least one exercise period for the measurement target exerciser. A measurement step of actually measuring; and a calculation step of calculating a coefficient parameter corresponding to the exerciser to be measured in a metabolic reaction model formula determined corresponding to the selected set based on a measurement result in the measurement step: Prepared,

The first set includes any of torque, cadence, body weight of the measurement target exerciser, heart rate of the measurement target exerciser, inclination of a training course, blood or muscle metabolite concentration, and temperature or body temperature. The second set includes force, stride (pitch), body weight of the subject exerciser, heart rate of the subject exerciser, slope of the training course, blood or muscle Metabolite concentration, and a variable consisting of either air temperature or body temperature; the third set includes power (work rate), weight of the measurement target exerciser, Including variables consisting of heart rate, training course slope, blood or muscle metabolite concentration, and either temperature or body temperature;

The metabolic reaction model formula when the selected set is the first set is the following formula (I); the metabolic reaction model formula when the selected set is the second set is The metabolic reaction model formula when the selected set is the third set is the following formula (III); in the metabolic reaction formula estimation method for the measurement subject exerciser is there.

Here, in the above formulas (I) to (III), k _i (i = 1 to j) is a coefficient-specific value representing a coefficient parameter. In the above formula (I), [met] represents a metabolite concentration, [tor] represents a torque value, [cad] represents a leg rotation speed [rpm], a pedal rotation speed, a pitch number, and a movement speed. Each cadence selected from the group consisting of [weight] represents the weight of the exerciser to be measured, and [HR] represents the heart rate [bpm]. [slope] represents the course state including the course inclination angle distribution. [temp] represents air temperature or body temperature.

In the above formula (II), [force] is a force value, and [stride (pitch)] is a parameter for moving the body like a pitch, and represents a stride or pitch during walking or running. [weight], [HR], [slope], [met], and [temp] are the same as those in the formula (I).

In the above formula (III), [power (work rate)] is force, horizontal and vertical speed and acceleration, vertical movement height, contact time, jump angle during running, stride cycle ( It includes the work rate calculated from measurement parameters such as pitch). [weight], [HR], [slope], [met], and [temp] are the same as those in the formula (I).

The formula (I) f _r in ~ (III) (X), g r (X), h r (X) is a function that the X variable.

In the metabolic reaction formula estimation method of the present invention, the following formula (IV) can be adopted as the formula (I).

The power order in the formula (IV) is a real number.

In the metabolic reaction formula estimation method of the present invention, the following formula (V) can be adopted as the formula (II).

The power order in the formula (V) is a real number.

In the metabolic reaction formula estimation method of the present invention, the following formula (VI) can be adopted as the formula (III).

The power order in the formula (VI) is a real number.

The present invention is based on the metabolic reaction equation estimated for the measurement target exerciser using the metabolic reaction equation estimation method described above, and the exerciser for the measurement target exerciser during exercise in a new exercise period. The method is preferably a method for estimating at least one of the state, the quality of exercise, and the amount of exercise.

In another embodiment of the present invention, an estimation step of estimating metabolic reaction formulas of a plurality of measurement target exercisers using the metabolic reaction formula estimation method described above; And a creation step of creating a database that associates the individual attributes of the subject and the metabolic reaction formula of the measurement target exerciser corresponding to the individual attributes; This is a method of creating a support database for estimation of any one of the selected elements.

Here, it is preferable that the personal attribute includes the degree of training progress, and according to the progress of the training, the quality of exercise or the amount of exercise can be estimated using a new metabolic reaction equation. The personal attributes preferably include the level of athletic ability, height, weight, body temperature, and the like of the measurement target exerciser.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the state of the exerciser corresponding to the estimated metabolic reaction formula based on the metabolic rate obtained using the metabolic reaction formula estimated by the metabolic reaction formula estimation method described above. And an endurance exercise ability evaluation method for evaluating endurance exercise ability.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the overall performance of the main body reactor that supplies energy necessary for the duration of movement by metabolic reaction, and the first and second side reactors in the reactor is used for the metabolic reaction in each reactor. A performance estimation step of estimating by monitoring the concentration change of the accompanying metabolite; a performance estimation step of estimating the performance of the first in-vivo side reactor using the production rate of at least one of pyruvic acid and lactic acid as an index; Based on the metabolic reaction equation estimated by the metabolic reaction equation estimation method above, the relationship between the duration of exercise and fatigue that progresses over time is quantitatively estimated. A fatigue level grasping step; a training method deriving step for deriving an optimal training method based on the estimated overall performance and the estimated performance of the first sub-reactor; Is a training support method provided.

The main body reactor is a place where the first energy source is metabolized to generate creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphate, and the first body side reactor is metabolized the second energy source to generate pyruvic acid. And adenosine triphosphate, the second internal side reactor reacts creatine and adenosine triphosphate from creatine phosphate generated in the main body reactor depending on the level of adenosine diphosphate. It is preferable that the field is generated.

The metabolic reaction of the metabolite includes an oxidative metabolic reaction of the first energy source in the main body reactor, a glycolysis reaction of the second energy source in the first body side reactor, and the second body side reaction. A combination of creatine phosphate consumption-resynthesis reaction in the reactor is preferred. Furthermore, it is preferable that the first energy source is fat and the second energy source is sugar.

According to the estimation method of the metabolic reaction model formula of the present invention, it is possible to provide a metabolic capacity index that is more strict than that of LT and that is necessary for the duration of exercise. In addition, a new indicator of endurance according to the individual's ability by the estimation method of any element selected from the group consisting of the state of the exerciser, the quality of exercise and the amount of exercise using the above metabolic reaction model formula Can be provided.

In addition, by using the training support method of the present invention, a predetermined exercise state variable is measured, and a metabolic reaction model equation corresponding to the exercise state variable is used, so that a support database for estimation of exercise quality or possible exercise amount is obtained. Can be created.

Furthermore, by using the training support method of the present invention, it is possible to efficiently and accurately improve the exercise ability of the exerciser.

FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the main body reactor, the first and second sub-reactors in the body, their functions, and the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supplied from each reactor. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a change in the ATP supply amount from each of the reactors after performing appropriate training. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a method for determining a lactic acid curve (relationship between increase in work (power [W]) and blood lactic acid concentration [mmol / L]) and LT power value.

FIG. 4A is a diagram showing the results of blood lactate concentration measurement by an incremental load test. FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating a change due to cadence among the measurement results of FIG. 4A. FIG. 4C is a diagram showing a change due to the heart rate in the measurement result of FIG. 4A. FIG. 4D is a diagram illustrating a change due to power in the measurement result of FIG. 4A.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing changes in blood lactate concentration during a constant load exercise. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a decrease in blood lactate concentration during low-load exercise. FIG. 7 is a graph showing actually measured blood lactate concentration data and calculation results (predicted lactate concentration). FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the database system.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.
The metabolic reaction equation estimation method of the present invention includes (A1) calculating at least one of the values of the exercise state variables included in the selected group among the following groups of 1 to 3 for the measurement target exerciser. And (A2) a calculation step of calculating a coefficient parameter corresponding to the measurement target exerciser in the metabolic reaction model formula based on the measurement result in the measurement step. . Here, the variables of the group described in the above (A1) are as follows.

The first set (a) includes (a1) torque, (a2) cadence, (a3) body weight of the exerciser to be measured, (a4) heart rate of the exerciser to be measured, (a5) inclination of the training course, (a6) The blood metabolite concentration (concentration of pyruvic acid, lactic acid, creatine phosphate), and (a7) a variable consisting of one of temperature and body temperature. In the second group (b), the above (a3) to (a7) are the same as the first group (a), but a force representing a pressing force is used instead of the torque of (a1), and ( Instead of the cadence of a2), a variable called stride (pitch) is included. The third group (c) preferably includes a variable of power (power) instead of the torque and cadence of the above (a1) and (a2) in order to increase the accuracy of the estimation result.

In addition, the above set of variables is associated with the following metabolic reaction model equations (I) to (III).

In the above formulas (I) to (III), k _i (i = 1 to j) is a value specific to each measurement subject exerciser representing a coefficient parameter. In the above formula (I), [met] represents blood and muscle concentrations of metabolites generated in the main body reactor, the first body side reactor, and the second body side reactor (see FIG. 1). . [Tor] is the torque value when using a device with a pedal for exercise, and [cad] is the number of leg rotations [rpm], pedal rotation speed, and number of pitches when the device is used. And any cadence selected from the group consisting of moving speeds. [weight] represents the weight of the measurement target exerciser, and [HR] represents the heart rate [bpm]. [slope] represents a course state including an inclination angle distribution of a training course on which the measurement subject exerciser runs. [temp] represents air temperature or body temperature, and when the temperature rises, the reaction rate of the first in-body side reactor often increases.

In the above formula (II), [force] represents a force value. [stride (pitch)] indicates a parameter of the speed of moving the body, like the pitch, and represents the stride or pitch during walking or running, respectively. [weight], [HR], [slope], [met] and [temp] are as described above for the formula (I).

In the above formula (III), [power (work rate)] is force, horizontal and vertical speed and acceleration, vertical movement height, contact time, jump angle during running, stride cycle ( It includes the work rate calculated from measurement parameters such as pitch). [weight], [HR], [slope], [met] and [temp] are as described above for the formula (I).

Here, calculating the concentration of the metabolite has the following purposes. First, the concentration level of creatine phosphate (metabolite in the second body side reactor) indicates the “fatigue state” of the exerciser. In addition, lactic acid (metabolite in the first in-vivo side reactor) indicates the amount of consumption by those skilled in the art. That is, the total amount of lactic acid produced can be determined from the concentration fluctuation of lactic acid, and the amount of sugar consumed can be grasped from the total amount of lactic acid produced. Thus, the amount of sugar that can be used by the exerciser (the amount of available sugar) can be ascertained, and the remaining amount of sugar during exercise can be ascertained. In addition, under certain exercise conditions, the lactic acid concentration level also represents the exerciser's fatigue status. For this reason, by grasping all the concentrations of metabolites, total sugar consumption, creatine phosphate concentration, and residual amount of sugar, it is possible to quantitatively grasp the “exercise state”.
From the above, by measuring these values and calculating using the above formula, any element selected from the group consisting of the state of the exerciser, the quality of exercise and the amount of exercise can be obtained.

By using the above metabolic reaction equation estimation method, the metabolic reaction equation can be estimated for the measurement target exerciser. Then, based on the metabolic reaction equation estimated in this way, when the measurement target exerciser exercises during a new exercise period, the quality of the exercise is determined for the measurement target exerciser. It becomes possible to estimate how much momentum is possible.

Here, the concentration of the metabolite in muscle or blood varies depending on the change of the parameter value indicating the exercise state represented by the above formula during exercise, and as such representative metabolites, lactic acid, creatine phosphate, etc. Can be mentioned. The metabolite concentration changes with changes in the exercise state. For example, in the case of lactic acid, the concentration change over time as shown in FIG. 3 is shown.

The change in the motion state is expressed by the change in the parameter value (torque value to temperature) expressed in the above formula. The metabolic reaction rate changes according to changes in these parameter values, and the concentration of metabolite in muscle or blood changes accordingly. The change in the concentration of blood metabolite (in this case, lactic acid) seen in FIGS. 3, 5 and 6 is a typical example.

The above formulas (I) to (III) are formulas representing changes in metabolite concentration over time, and indicate aggregates (i = 1 to j) of metabolic reactions in each organ in the body. As described above, each parameter value varies with changes in the exercise state, and accordingly, the metabolic reaction rate of the metabolite in each organ in the body also varies. The form of metabolic reaction and the rate of metabolic reaction vary depending on the organ, and the value of i varies depending on the form of exercise, for example, whether you are using a bicycle or running.

For example, in the case of running, there are muscles (main driving muscles) that are actively working by moving the legs and reducing the impact of landing. In these main muscles, metabolic reactions such as production, consumption, and resynthesis of lactic acid and creatine phosphate progress. On the other hand, in other organs in the body (muscles other than the heart, brain, and main muscles), such metabolic reactions are simultaneously progressing. The above formula reflects a set of metabolic reactions in each organ according to the change in the exercise state as described above, and as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the metabolite according to the change in the exercise state. Can be predicted.

Using the above formula, in addition to predicting changes in metabolite concentration, it is also possible to track the metabolic reaction history over time in the body associated with low to high load exercise. As a result, it is possible to accurately grasp the energy usage history in the body over time. Furthermore, it is useful for grasping the renewal of fatigue over time to the exerciser.

In addition, the method for creating the support database for estimating any element selected from the group consisting of the state of the exerciser, the quality of exercise, and the amount of exercise according to the present invention uses (B1) the metabolic reaction equation estimation method described above. And (B2) the individual attribute of each of the plurality of measurement target exercisers and the metabolic reaction of the measurement target exerciser corresponding to the individual attribute. And a creation step of creating a database that associates the expressions.

Here, the personal attributes include the level of athletic ability of the exerciser to be measured, the degree of training progress, height, weight, body temperature, etc. This is preferable for creating a database. Also, as the exercise progresses, exercise variables such as exercise intensity, torque value or force value that can be tolerated by the measurement target exerciser rise, so using those variables, using a new metabolic reaction equation, It is preferable to estimate any element selected from the group consisting of the state of the exerciser, the quality of exercise, and the amount of exercise possible in order to create a highly accurate estimation support database.

The endurance exercise ability evaluation method of the present invention corresponds to the estimated metabolic reaction equation based on the metabolic rate obtained using the reaction rate equation estimated using the metabolic reaction equation estimation method described above. Evaluate the endurance of the athlete. For example, the above-mentioned metabolic reaction rate equation (I) represents a course state including a torque value, cadence of leg rotation speed [rpm], heart rate [bpm], and course inclination angle distribution of about 10 degrees. By substituting numerical values, blood lactate concentration, and air temperature as variables, the estimated metabolic reaction rate can be obtained. Then, the endurance of the exerciser can be evaluated from the metabolic reaction rate thus obtained.

In the training support method of the present invention, (C1) the overall performance of the main body reactor for supplying the energy necessary for the continuation of the exercise by metabolic reaction and the first and second in-body side reactors are expressed as metabolites in each reactor. And (C2) a performance estimation step for estimating the performance of the first in-vivo side reactor using the production rate of at least one of pyruvic acid and lactic acid as an index, and (C3) a fatigue level grasping step for quantitatively estimating the relationship between the duration of the exercise and the fatigue progressing with time based on the metabolic reaction formula estimated by the metabolic reaction formula estimation method; (C4) a training method deriving step for deriving an optimal training method based on the estimated overall performance and the estimated performance of the first sub-reactor.

Here, the main body reactor is a place where the first energy source is metabolized to generate creatine phosphate and ATP, and the first body side reactor is metabolized the second energy source to generate pyruvic acid and ATP. The second internal side reactor reacts with the level of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) stored in the muscle and generates creatine and ATP from creatine phosphate generated in the main reactor. It is preferable that The energy production in these reaction vessels will be described later.

The metabolite production-consumption reaction includes an oxidative metabolic reaction of the first energy source and the second energy source in the body main reactor, a glycolysis reaction of the second energy source in the first body side reactor, In addition, a combination of creatine phosphate consumption and resynthesis reaction in the second internal side reactor is preferable because the performance of these reactors can be comprehensively evaluated as the amount of ATP produced. Furthermore, it is preferable that the first energy source is fat and the second energy source is sugar.

The following describes the exercise, ie the energy used to move the muscles, the energy source and the field of their production.
First, the energy required to move the muscle comes from ATP in the cells. And ATP can be said to be a substance which becomes an energy source for fat or sugar to generate ATP after it is generated from fat or sugar. And ATP is produced | generated by several reaction using these energy sources.

The above “fat” (first energy source) means “oil” that is “oil” contained in animals and plants, and is solid at room temperature. The component of the oil and fat is triacylglycerol (also called triglyceride or neutral fat), and fatty acids are ester-bonded to the three hydroxyl groups of glycerol. Triacylglycerol is an energy storage body stored in adipose tissue and occupies most of the stored energy in the living body. Fatty acids liberated by enzymes from triacylglycerol are metabolized as described below and participate in ATP production.

Fat is broken down into fatty acids and enters the citric acid cycle where the carbon skeleton is finally fully oxidized and broken down into water and carbon dioxide. The carbon moiety of acetyl-CoA formed from fatty acids is decarboxylated by the citrate cycle, and the hydrogen moiety is dehydrogenase, mainly as NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)). Passed to the system. The electron transfer system then oxidizes this NADH hydrogen using an enzyme with the last use of chrome oxidase to produce water. Since a large amount of energy is released at that time, ATP synthase uses this energy to synthesize ATP from ADP (adenosine diphosphate) inorganic phosphate (Pi).
In the case of eukaryotic cells, the above reaction is performed in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and the place where ATP production is performed using the first energy source as described above is the main body reactor.

Moreover, the metabolism of sugar as the second energy source is as follows. Glucose is anaerobically decomposed into pyruvate or lactic acid by a glycolysis system that works actively in muscle. ATP is also produced in the process of producing pyruvic acid. The place where the glycolysis system works is called the first in-body side reactor. Pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase.

Furthermore, creatine phosphate, which is a high-energy compound produced in the main body reactor, is a substance having the physiological significance of storing high-energy phosphate bonds. This is because when the ADP level rises due to muscle contraction or the like, creatine phosphate is consumed in the second body side-reactor to produce creatine and ATP, but conversely, when the ADP level falls, it is catalyzed by creatine kinase. This is because creatine phosphate is produced from creatine and ATP. This series of reactions is called “creatine phosphate consumption-synthesis reaction”, and the place where this reaction occurs is the second internal side reactor.

As described above, ATP is generated in three reactors, the main body reactor, and the first and second body side reactors. Comparing the amount of ATP produced for each reactor, the amount of ATP produced in the first and second body side reactors is much less than the amount produced in the body main reactor. For this reason, it can be said that ATP, which is energy for exercise, is mainly supplied from the main body reactor.

On the other hand, in a state before the start of training, even a person who can only endure a certain exercise intensity and cannot continue the exercise further, the time that the exercise can be continued becomes longer by performing an appropriate training. This means that training will be able to withstand higher exercise intensity, but such an event is highly dependent on the increase in ATP supply from the main body reactor, together with the first and This is thought to be due to an increase in the amount of ATP supplied from the second internal side reactor.

Since the amount of ATP produced cannot be measured directly, in the present invention, the exercise state variable is measured, and the metabolic rate is determined using the blood lactate concentration as one of the indices. This makes it possible to accurately estimate any element selected from the group consisting of a person's condition, exercise quality, and possible exercise quantity.

The method for creating a support database for estimating any element selected from the group consisting of an exerciser's condition, exercise quality and possible exercise amount includes a measurement step of actually measuring an exercise state variable, and a metabolic reaction rate. A metabolic reaction rate calculation step to be obtained. In the metabolic reaction rate calculation step, any one of the following formulas is used to determine the metabolic reaction rate.

In the above formulas (I) to (III), k _i (i = 1 to j) is a coefficient-specific value representing a coefficient parameter, and is a parameter characterizing the exerciser's metabolic ability. This parameter can be obtained based on the following work variables such as the working power, the exercise time (minutes), the heart rate, the pitch number, and the following measurement conditions. It is not always required to include all the following terms in the above formula.

Here, the following formula (IV) can be adopted as the formula (I).

The power order in the formula (IV) is a real number.

Also, the following formula (V) can be adopted as the formula (II).

The power order in the formula (V) is a real number.

Also, the following formula (VI) can be adopted as the formula (III).

The power order in the formula (VI) is a real number.

The movement state variable includes (a1) a torque value or a force value, (a2) a cadence value selected from the group consisting of a leg rotation speed, a pedal rotation speed, a pitch number, and a movement speed, and a stride ( (Pitch), (a3) body weight of the athlete to be measured, (a4) heart rate of the athlete to be measured, (a5) inclination of the training course, (a6) metabolite concentration in the blood (pyruvic acid, lactate, creatine phosphorus) Acid concentration), and (a7) one of air temperature and body temperature. Or, instead of the torque value or force value of (a1) and the cadence value of (a2), it is selected from a group including a variable of power (power) in order to increase the accuracy of the estimation result. preferable.

Here, [power] represents a power value (W) that is an exercise load, and can be measured by, for example, a power meter, a force plate, a pressure measuring device, a GPS, an acceleration sensor, or the like. [tor] represents, for example, in the case of a bicycle, a torque value indicating a force that pushes the pedal down or a force value that is a pressing force. For example, a pressure sensor attached to a leg, pedal, crank, shoes, or a strain gauge It can be actually measured with a measuring device such as a load cell. [Cad] is a cadence value selected from the group consisting of the number of rotations of the legs [rpm], the rotation speed of the pedals [rpm], the number of pitches [times / minute], and the movement speed [m / s]. To express. Similarly to [power] or [tor], the cadence can be actually measured by a measuring device such as an acceleration sensor, a rotation sensor, a pressure sensor, or a strain gauge attached to the body.

[HR] represents the heart rate [bpm] per minute and can be measured with a heart rate monitor or the like attached to the body of the exerciser. [slope] represents the inclination angle distribution of the course, and whether or not the slope is steep is represented by a numerical value. [met] represents the blood lactate concentration (mmol / L), and can be measured using a commercially available dedicated measuring device.

[Temp] represents air temperature or body temperature (° C.), and by substituting these numerical values, it becomes possible to reflect the influence on the metabolic reaction rate accompanying the increase in body temperature. The power order represents a real number, and can be represented by a numerical value such as 0.50 for [tor] and -1 for [weight], for example.

The following description will be made with an example of using a bicycle.
The exercise state variable can be obtained by using a power meter which is an instrument for measuring the power given to the bicycle by the exerciser by the pedal. As a power meter, for example, SRM Training System Science (manufactured by SRM (Schoberer Rad Messtechnik)), pedaling monitor system (manufactured by Pioneer Corporation), Power Tap (manufactured by Saris), Power 2 max (manufactured by Power2max), Examples include Quark ELSA (Quark) and Rotor Power (Rotor). Examples of the measurement of lactic acid include portable blood lactic acid concentration measuring instruments such as LactatePRO (manufactured by ARKREY), Lactate PR02 (manufactured by Arkley), Biocen-line (manufactured by Biocen). Here, LactatePRO requires 5 μL of blood for measurement, but Lactate PR02 requires 0.3 μL of blood.

For example, the load can be changed as follows, and the power value, heart rate, and cadence value changes described above can be measured with a power meter, and the result can be obtained. Warm up at about 50 to 150 W for about 10 to 20 minutes, and then exercise at about 60 to 120 rpm for 2 to 5 minutes. Depending on the measuring instrument used, about 0.3 to about 5 μL of blood is applied to the fingertip of the subject exerciser or Blood is collected from the earlobe about 0.5 to 1.5 minutes. Thereafter, the load is gradually increased by about 30 to 50 W at intervals of about 2 to 5 minutes, and the test is terminated when cadence cannot be maintained for about 10 seconds or more. Then, cool down at about 50-150W, and measure the blood lactate concentration at intervals of 2-5 minutes even during the cool-down.

For example, when the cadence value is changed to about 60 to 80 rpm, about 70 to 90 rpm, about 80 to 100 rpm, and about 90 to 110 rpm using the above power meter It is possible to examine the change in blood lactate concentration over time. For lowering the blood lactate concentration during low-load exercise, use the same power meter as described above, and set the cadence value as low as about 50 to 100 rpm, for example, several people, preferably 6 to 9 people. Select subjects with a degree and measure the change in blood lactate concentration over time. It can be divided into several groups according to the tendency of changes in blood lactate concentration.

Using the parameters specific to each exerciser obtained as described above and the mobility variables when each exerciser exercises, the change in lactic acid production with time of exercise is known from the above metabolic reaction equation. be able to. By this, together with the consumption of energy (sugar-derived energy) supplied from the first body side reactor, it is possible to estimate the amount of energy (available energy amount) required to continue the exercise Become.

Also, the amount of energy available from sugar varies depending on the athlete. For this reason, the useable energy amount according to each exerciser can be calculated | required by using the metabolic reaction formula mentioned above. Then, the amount of usable energy estimated to be possessed by each exerciser is calculated and used as a barometer representing the energy consumption of each exerciser by comparing with the first estimated available energy amount. be able to.

Furthermore, the accumulation of fatigue due to consumption of sugar is nothing but the consumption (utilization amount) of sugar reflecting the fatigue situation. From this fact, it is possible to know the accumulated state of fatigue by knowing the energy consumption, the consumption speed, and the consumption rate based on the accumulated amount of lactic acid.

By substituting the exercise variables obtained as described above into the formula used in the method for creating the support database for estimation of any element selected from the group consisting of the state of the exerciser, the quality of exercise, and the amount of possible exercise, Any element selected from the group consisting of the exerciser's condition, quality of exercise and the amount of exercise can be estimated, and using these, it is selected from the group consisting of the state of the exerciser, quality of exercise and the amount of exercise possible It is possible to create a support database for estimating any of the elements.

(Example 1) Gradually increasing load test As a power meter, SRM Training System Science manufactured by SRM (Schoberer Rad Messtechnik) was used. For measurement of lactic acid, LactatePRO manufactured by ARKREY was used. The measurement was performed indoors at room temperature (22 ° C.). The height, weight, and bicycle weight of the subject cycling athlete were measured.

Next, this athlete attached a power meter to a bicycle used in competition or training, and conducted a gradual load test on a fixed load table. In this test, blood lactate concentration with increasing load was measured using LactatePRO. At the same time, power value, cadence value, torque value, heart rate, and speed were measured. The temperature in the room where the measurement was being performed was also monitored.

The menu for measurement was as follows. First, warm-up was performed for 15 minutes at 100W. Next, exercise was performed at 90 ± 3 rpm for 3 minutes, and 0.3 μL of blood was collected in 1 minute. Thereafter, the load was gradually increased by 40 W every 3 minutes, and when the cadence could not be maintained for 10 seconds or more, the test was ended as all-out. The measurement result of the blood lactate concentration at this time is shown in FIG. In addition, FIGS. 4A to 4D show measurement results of changes in power value, heart rate, and cadence value using a power meter.

In FIG. 3, OBLA indicates blood lactate accumulation amount onset. It was shown that when the blood lactate concentration exceeded this value, the blood lactate concentration increased rapidly. As shown in FIG. 3, the LT power value and Δ1 mm / L were determined from the graph of blood lactate concentration change. After the test, it was cooled down with 100W power. During the cool-down, the blood lactate concentration was measured every 3 to 4 minutes, and the change rate of the lactate concentration was measured.
The measurement results clearly showed the effect of increased blood lactic acid concentration on cadence as compared to conventional oxygen uptake measurements.

(Example 2) Change in blood lactate concentration due to difference in load exercise (1) Change in blood lactate concentration in constant load exercise Using the same power meter as used in Example 1, constant load exercise was performed. It was. The torque values at this time were set to 70 rpm, 80 rpm, 90 rpm, and 100 rpm, respectively, and the change with time in blood lactic acid concentration when each load was applied was measured. The result is shown in FIG.
In the case of 70 to 90 rpm, the blood lactic acid concentration increased with time. On the other hand, in the case of 100 rpm, a pattern was shown in which the blood lactic acid concentration increased significantly between 5 and 11 minutes and then decreased.

(2) Reduction of blood lactate concentration during low-load exercise Using the same power meter as used in Example 1, changes in blood lactate concentration during cool-down were examined. The number of subjects was seven. As shown in FIG. 6, the blood lactate concentration slightly increased until 3.5 minutes and then decreased over time, or did not increase, but decreased over time, and the group increased over 6 minutes. It was divided roughly. From the above, it was shown as a specific numerical value that individual differences are large even in low-load exercise.

(3) Analysis of metabolic reaction and energy utilization The rate of change in lactic acid concentration measured during the cool-down in (2) above and the rate of change in lactic acid concentration during a constant load exercise performed in (1) above are applied to each load. In this case, the examples were obtained using the above formulas (I) to (III), and the parameters of the lactic acid production reaction formula were calculated. Based on this result, a model formula for calculating the lactic acid production rate was created and fitted. It was shown that the measured value and the lactic acid production rate fit well. The actually measured blood lactate concentration data and calculation results (predicted lactate concentration) are as shown in FIG.

Based on the above, by creating a lactic acid metabolism reaction rate equation and using the endurance exercise ability evaluation method that determines the lactic acid metabolism reaction parameters of the exerciser using all of the exercise state variables, the individual endurance exercise ability is accurately evaluated. can do. In addition, to estimate the endurance exercise ability by estimating the exercise ability of the exerciser based on the variable indicating the exercise state of the exerciser, and to support the execution of the technique for evaluating the quality of exercise performed by the exerciser. It is possible to create a support database for estimation of any element selected from the group consisting of the state of the exerciser, the quality of exercise, and the amount of exercise possible.

(Embodiment 3) Configuration of database system Next, a database system is selected from the group consisting of the state of the athlete, the quality of the exercise, and the amount of possible exercise to support the execution of the technique for evaluating the quality of the exercise performed by the above-mentioned A database system including a support database for estimating any of the elements will be described.

<Configuration>
The configuration of an example of such a database system is shown in FIG. In this database system, a data logging system 100 _j (j = 1 to M) that moves together with the exerciser according to the movement of the exerciser is arranged around the exerciser when exercising. Each of the data logging systems 100 _j includes sensors 110 _{j, k} (k = 1 to N) that detect physical quantities corresponding to the values of a plurality of measurement variables appearing in any of the above-described equations (I) to (III). ).

Each of the data logging systems 100 _j includes a logger unit 120 _j . The logger unit 120 _j includes an information input unit such as a keyboard (not shown), and by operating the information input unit, designation of exerciser identification information and designation of start / stop of a logging operation are performed. Be able to.

When the start of the logging operation is designated, the logger unit 120 _j collects data sent from the sensors 110 _{j, k} (k = 1 to N) until the end of the logging operation is designated. Find the value of the measurement variable. Then, the logger unit 120 _j sends the value of the obtained measurement variable to the database server 200 using the wide area wireless communication network together with the exerciser's identification information and time information.

In the present embodiment, the logger unit 120 _j is a communication terminal device that has both short-range wireless communication and wide-area wireless communication functions in accordance with the Bluetooth (registered trademark) standard and the like, and has computing power. Such a logger unit 120 _j can exhibit various functions such as, for example, transmitting data to be transmitted to the database server 200 after unifying the format into a predetermined transmission format by executing a program. A smartphone can be used.

In the present embodiment, the sensor 110 _{j, k} includes a sensor main body and a data transmission unit. In this sensor 110 _{j, k} , the data transmission unit transmits data obtained by digitizing the detection result of the sensor body to the logger unit 120 _j by short-range wireless communication according to the Bluetooth (registered trademark) standard or the like. It has become.

The sensors 110 _{j, k} and the logger unit 120 _j may be connected by wire. Further, when the not high processing power of the logger unit 120 _j is logger module 120 _j may utilize a personal computer owned by the user, it may be sent to the database server after unified data format.

The components of the data logging system 100 _j can be attached to the bicycle when the athlete performs exercise using the bicycle, for example.
Further, the connection mode between the sensors 110 _{j, k} and the logger unit 120 _j may be wired connection or short-range wireless connection.

The database server 200 can communicate with a communication terminal device 300 _p (p = 1 to P) such as a personal computer via the Internet network 500. By communicating with the database server 200 using the communication terminal device 300 _p (p = 1 to P), the user can receive identification information and register the original personal attributes. It has become.

The database server 200 is selected from the group consisting of an exerciser's state, exercise quality and exercise capacity to assist in the execution of a technique for assessing the quality of exercise performed by the exerciser using the method described above. Create support database for estimation of any element. Then, the database server 200, in response to a request from a user using the communication terminal device 300 _p, to assist in performing a method of evaluating the quality of the exercise in which the user himself conducted exerciser state, It is possible to obtain the estimation result of any element selected from the group consisting of the quality of exercise and the amount of exercise, and obtain the currently recommended exercise mode.

The present invention is useful for creating training guidelines for evaluating training and improving athletic ability in various exercises performed continuously.

Claims

Any one of the first to third variables is selected, and each value of the exercise state variable included in the selected set is continuously measured for at least one exercise period for the measurement target exerciser. Measuring process to perform;
A calculation step of calculating a coefficient parameter corresponding to the measurement subject exerciser in a metabolic reaction model formula determined corresponding to the selected set based on the measurement result in the measurement step, and
The first set includes any of torque, cadence, body weight of the measurement target exerciser, heart rate of the measurement target exerciser, inclination of a training course, blood or muscle metabolite concentration, and temperature or body temperature. Including a variable consisting of either temperature;
The second set includes force, stride (pitch), the weight of the subject exerciser, the heart rate of the subject exerciser, the slope of the training course, the metabolite concentration in blood or muscle, and the temperature or Including a variable consisting of either body temperature;
The third set includes power (work rate), the weight of the measurement target exerciser, the heart rate of the measurement target exerciser, the slope of the training course, the metabolite concentration in blood or muscle, and the temperature or body temperature. Including a variable consisting of either temperature;
The metabolic reaction model formula when the selected set is the first set is the following formula (I);
The metabolic reaction model formula when the selected set is the second set is the following formula (II);
The metabolic reaction model formula when the selected set is the third set is the following formula (III);
A method for estimating a metabolic reaction formula relating to the measurement subject exerciser.

In the above formula (I), [met] represents the metabolite concentration, [tor] represents the torque value, and [cad] comprises the leg rotation speed [rpm], the pedal rotation speed, the pitch number, and the movement speed. Each cadence selected from the group is represented. [weight] represents the weight of the measurement target exerciser, and [HR] represents the heart rate [bpm]. [slope] represents the course state including the course inclination angle distribution. [temp] represents air temperature or body temperature.
In the above formula (II), [force] is a force value, and [stride (pitch)] is a parameter of the speed of moving the body like the pitch, and represents the stride or pitch during walking or running. [weight], [HR], [slope], [met], and [temp] are the same as those in the formula (I).
In the above formula (III), [power (work rate)] is force, horizontal and vertical speed and acceleration, vertical movement height, contact time, jump angle during running, stride cycle ( The work rate obtained from the measurement parameter such as (pitch) is included. [weight], [HR], [slope], [met], and [temp] are the same as those in the formula (I).
The formula (I) f r in ~ (III) (X), g r (X), h r (X) is a function that the X variable.
2. The metabolic reaction formula estimation method according to claim 1, wherein the formula (I) is the following formula (IV).

The power order in the formula (IV) is a real number.
2. The metabolic reaction formula estimation method according to claim 1, wherein the formula (II) is the following formula (V).

The power order in the formula (V) is a real number.
2. The metabolic reaction formula estimation method according to claim 1, wherein the formula (III) is the following formula (VI).

The power order in the formula (VI) is a real number.
An exerciser for the measurement subject exerciser during exercise in a new exercise period based on the metabolic reaction equation estimated for the measurement subject exerciser using the metabolic reaction equation estimation method according to claim 1 A method for estimating any element selected from the group consisting of the state of exercise, the quality of exercise, and the amount of exercise possible.
An estimation step of estimating metabolic reaction formulas of a plurality of measurement subject exercisers using the metabolic reaction formula estimation method according to claim 1;
A creation step of creating a database associating each individual attribute of the plurality of measurement target exercisers with a metabolic reaction formula of the measurement target exerciser corresponding to the personal attribute;
A method of creating a support database for estimating any element selected from the group consisting of an exerciser's condition, exercise quality and possible exercise quantity.
The personal attributes include training progress,
As the training progresses, the quality or amount of exercise is estimated using a new metabolic reaction equation.
The method of creating a support database for estimating any element selected from the group consisting of the state of an exerciser, the quality of exercise, and the amount of exercise available according to claim 6.
The endurance for evaluating the endurance exercise ability of the exerciser corresponding to the estimated metabolic reaction formula based on the metabolic rate obtained by using the metabolic reaction formula estimated by the metabolic reaction formula estimation method according to claim 1 Evaluation method of athletic ability.
To monitor the overall performance of the main body reactor and the first and second body side reactors that supply the energy required for sustained exercise through metabolic reactions, and monitor changes in the concentration of metabolites in each reactor. A performance estimation step estimated by:
A performance estimation step of estimating the performance of the first in-vivo side reactor using the production rate of at least one of pyruvic acid and lactic acid as an index;
The relationship between the duration of the exercise and the fatigue that progresses over time is quantitatively determined based on the metabolic reaction formula estimated by the metabolic reaction formula estimation method according to claim 1. An estimated fatigue level grasping process;
A training method derivation step for deriving an optimal training method based on the estimated overall performance and the estimated performance of the first side reactor;
A training support method comprising:
The main body reactor is a place that metabolizes the first energy source to produce creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphate, and the first body side reactor metabolizes the second energy source to generate pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate. The second internal side reactor reacts with the level of adenosine diphosphate to produce creatine and adenosine triphosphate from the creatine phosphate produced in the main body reactor. The training support method according to claim 9, wherein:
The metabolic reaction of the metabolite includes an oxidative metabolic reaction of a first energy source in the main body reactor, a glycolytic reaction of a second energy source in the first body side reactor, and the second body side reactor. The training support method according to claim 9, which is a combination of creatine phosphate consumption and resynthesis reaction.
The training support method according to claim 10, wherein the first energy source is fat and the second energy source is sugar.