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US007742571B1
(12) United States Patent
Krzystyniak et al.
(io) Patent No.: (45) Date of Patent:
US 7,742,571 Bl Jun. 22, 2010
A system and method for controlling the radiation emissions from an x-ray tube having an anode, a cathode, and a grid is disclosed. The system and method uses a continuous high voltage across the cathode and the anode of the x-ray tube, so that a high voltage is continuously applied to the x-ray tube between the cathode and the anode. The flow of electrons between the cathode and the anode is then controlled by a pulsed high voltage to the grid, the pulsed high voltage being of substantially the same magnitude as the continuous high voltage and being switched at a frequency of about one microsecond to provide alternate the polarity of the switched high voltage to the grid, so that voltage between the cathode and the anode is switched by the voltage applied to the grid by the source of pulsed high voltage, so that soft radiation emissions from the x-ray tube are minimized or eliminated.
1 Claim, 2 Drawing Sheets
1
GRID CONTROL SYSTEM FOR
ELIMINATING SOFT RADIATION
EMISSIONS FROM AN X-RAY TUBE
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 5
This application is a continuation of my application having Ser. No. 11/787,642, filed on Apr. 17, 2007, now abandoned which claims the benefit of my provisional application having Ser. No. 60/792,819, filed Apr. 17, 2006. 10
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
(a) Field of the Invention
This invention generally relates to a method or system for 15 controlling the grid on an X-ray tube in order to reduce the amount of soft radiation emitted.
(b) Discussion of Known Art
When an X-ray tube is being used for certain applications, 2Q the X-ray tube is operated in relatively short bursts at a relatively high frequency in order to obtain clear images. Typically, the tube is operated at approximately 4-6 ms bursts. This relatively small X-ray tube current produced with pulsed fluoroscopy does not sufficiently discharge the capacitance of 25 the high-voltage cables connecting the power supply and X-ray tube between exposure frames. Accordingly, the pulse waves do not have sharp "square" shape, but produce a "tail" of output after the desired peak of the burst has been reached. The "tail" on the power supply output waveform produces 3Q unwanted soft radiation that adds to the patient dose and does not improve the image. It would thus be desirable to provide a high-voltage power supply for an X-ray tube that produced substantially rectangular waveforms without a trailing tail of unwanted soft radiation.
The power supply (generator) disclosed here, will use a grid control system (dubbed "Modulated" Pulse Fluoroscopy) instead of current technology, which pulses high voltage. In such a grid control system, high voltage will be continuously applied to the tube, but the tube current will be switched on and off by applying negative voltage to the grid. The rise and fall time of radiation while using grid control will only be a couple of microseconds, instead of milliseconds. Also power demand from the generator and heat dissipated by the tube will be significantly reduced (up to 70%) because high voltage cables will stay charged during whole exposure time. "Soft radiation" caused by slow rise and fall time of high voltage will be eliminated.
It should also be understood that while the above and other advantages and results of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, showing the contemplated novel construction, combinations and elements as herein described, and more particularly defined by the appended claims, it should be clearly understood that changes in the precise embodiments of the herein disclosed invention are meant to be included within the scope of the claims, except insofar as they may be precluded by the prior art.
DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention according to the best mode presently devised for making and using the instant invention, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a time diagram of the formation of pulses used in known systems of pulse fluoroscopy.
FIG. 2 is a time diagram of the formation of pulses used with the disclosed system and method of modulated pulse fluoroscopy.
FIG. 3 illustrates the circuitry used to create the pulses as shown in FIG. 2.
Energy supplied to an X-Ray tube comes from a power supply (Generator) designed to take in line voltage and supply 40 and X-Ray tube with the power it needs. During long medical procedures (such as Electro Physiology for example) physicians currently use "continuous" or "pulse fluoroscopy". When a patient is X-Rayed, an image is produced. When the same patient is X-Rayed with higher power supplied to the 45 tube, more radiation is emitted (which is bad for the patient), but image quality is better. Simply put, when the power and thus radiation is increased, image quality is improved. Current technology such as pulse fluoroscopy reduces radiation dose to the patient while maintaining identical or superior 50 image quality. It does so by the following method.
Typically, X-Ray systems use 1 to 30 pulses per second, duration of each pulse lasts between 4 and 6 milliseconds. In current technology pulse fluoroscopy, mode X-Ray generators pulse the high voltage (KVp) to the tube, while control- 55 ling the tube current (mA) using a tube filament. Due to the capacitance of high voltage cables used in X-Ray systems, KVp waveform has a short (1.5 to 2.5 mS) rise time, but a long fall time (about 10 ms at 25 mA of tube current). During rise and fall times, an X-Ray tube emits "soft radiation" which 60 absorbed by the patient but does not contribute anything to the image quality. Further, the high voltage cable capacitance gets charged each and every time, when high voltage is turned on, and subsequently discharges each and every time, at the end of each pulse, dumping all energy stored in the system 65 into the X-Ray tube causing unnecessary tube heating. Unnecessary tube heating will shorten a tubes life.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED
EXEMPLAR EMBODIMENTS
While the invention will be described and disclosed here in connection with certain preferred embodiments, the description is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments shown and described here, but rather the invention is intended to cover all alternative embodiments and modifications that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims included herein as well as any equivalents of the disclosed and claimed invention.
Turning now to FIG. 1 where the known pulsed fluoroscopy grid voltage actuation is typically activated in 5 ms bursts, with a period of at least 5 ms between each burst. As explained above, these periods of theoretical zero voltage are responsible for the emission of soft radiation due to the fact that the voltage does not truly drop to zero as desired.
It has been discovered that forming the 5 ms burst from a multitude of much smaller bursts with the same voltage amplitude as used with known systems eliminates the tail, and thus the soft radiation that is produced through conventional methods. In FIG. 2, it is shown that the use of 100 microsecond bursts for a five-millisecond duration will produce the same image quality while greatly diminishing or eliminating soft radiation.
Thus it can be appreciated that the above-described embodiments are illustrative of just a few of the numerous variations of arrangements of the disclosed elements used to carry out the disclosed invention. Moreover, while the inven
