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(12) United States Patent

Weickert et al.

US006455676B1

(io) Patent No.: US 6,455,676 Bl (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 24,2002

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(51) (52) (58)

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WO

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PCT Pub. Date: Nov. 12, 1998

Related U.S. Application Data

Provisional application No. 60/057,986, filed on Sep. 5, 1997, and provisional application No. 60/045,364, filed on May 2, 1997.

Int. CI. C07K 14/805

U.S. CI 530/385

Field of Search 530/385

References Cited
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS

5,028,588 A 7/1991 Hoffman et al 514/6

5,449,759 A 9/1995 Hoffman et al 530/385

5,545,727 A 8/1996 Hoffman et al 536/234

5,563,254 A 10/1996 Hoffman et al 536/23.5

5,599,907 A 2/1997 Anderson et al 530/385

5,665,869 A 9/1997 Ryland et al 530/412

5,739,011 A 4/1998 Anderson et al 435/69.6

5,798,227 A 8/1998 Hoffman et al 435/69.6

5,801,019 A 9/1998 Anderson et al 435/69.6

5.844.088 A 12/1998 Hoffman et al 530/385

5.844.089 A 12/1998 Hoffman et al 530/385

5.844.090 A 12/1998 Anderson et al 530/385

5,942,488 A 8/1999 Komiyama et al 514/6

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

WO 95/14038 5/1995
WO 96/40920 12/1996
WO 97/23631 7/1997

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

Bonaventura, J., et al., "Hemoglobin Providence—Functional Consequences of Two Alterations of the 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate Binding Site at Position (382*," 1976 (Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 251), pp. 7653-7571. Doyle, M., et al., "Oxidation of Nitrogen Oxides by Bound Dioxygen in Hemoproteins," 1982 (Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, vol. 14), pp. 351-358. Fermi, G., et al., "The Crystal Structure of Human Deoxyhaemoglobin at 1-74 A Resolution," 1984 (Journal of Molecular Biology, vol. 175, pp. 159-174. White, C, et al., "Toxicity of Human Hemoglobin Solution Infused into Rabbits," 1986 (J. Lab. Clin. Med., vol. 108), pp. 121-131.

Nagai, K., et al. "Distal Residues in the Oxygen Binding Site of Haemoglobin Studied by Protein Engineering," 1987 (Nature, vol. 329), pp. 858-860.

Imai, K., et al. "Structural and Functional Consequences of Amino Acid Substitutions in Hemoglobin as Manifested in Natural and Artificial Mutants," 1989 (Protein Seq. Data Anal, vol. 2), p. 81-86.

Mitraki, A., et al. "Protein Folding Intermediates and Inclusion Body Formation," 1989 (Bio/Technology, vol. 7), pp. 690-697.

Mathews, A. J., et al., "The Effects of E7 and Ell Mutations on the Kinetics of Ligand Binding to R State Human Hemoglobin*," 1989 (Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 264), pp. 16573-16583.

Lin, S. H., et al. "Effect of the Distal Residues on the Vibrational Modes of the Fe—CO Bond in Hemoglobin Studied by Protein Engineering," 1990 (Biochemistry, vol. 29), pp. 5562-5571.

Mathews, A. J., et al. "The Assignment of Carbon Monoxide Association Rate Constants to the a and |3 Subunits in Native and Mutant Deoxyhemoglobin Tetramers*," 1991 (Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 266), pp. 21631-21639.

Tame, J., et al. "Functional Role of the Distal Valine (Ell) Residue of aSubunits in Human Haemoglobin," 1991 (J. Mol. Biol, vol. 218), pp. 761-767.

Giardina, B., et al. "Protein Engineering in Haemoglobin [letter]," 1992 (Nature, vol. 355), pp. 777-778. Looker, D., et al.—"Human Recombinant Haemoglobin Designed for Use as a Blood Substitute," 1991 (Nature, vol. 356), pp. 258-260.

Alayash, A., et al., "Nitric Oxide Binding to Human Ferrihemoglobins Cross-Linked Between Either a or (3 Subunits1," 1993 (Archives of Biochemical Biophysics, vol. 303), pp. 332-338.

(List continued on next page.)

Primary Examiner—Karen Cochrane Carlson

(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Senniger, Powers, Leavitt

& Roedel

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Moore, E., et al., "Cooperativity in the Dissociation of Nitric Oxide from Hemoglobin*," 1976 (Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 251, pp. 2788-2794.

The invention relates to novel recombinant hemoglobins having reduced nitric oxide scavenging and/or increased high soluble expression. The invention further relates to methods of increasing the soluble expression of recombinant hemoglobin by adding exogenous hemin in molar excess of the heme binding sites of recombinant hemoglobin.

12 Claims, 13 Drawing Sheets

Page 2

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

Rooney, M. et al., "Hemodilution with Oxyhemoglobin— Mechanism of Oxygen Delivery and Its Superalimentation with a Nitric Oxide Donor (Sodium Nitroprusside)," 1993 (Anesthesiology, vol. 79), pp. 60-72. Schultz, S., et al. "A Role for Endothelin and Nitric Oxide in the Pressor Response to Diaspirin Cross-Linked Hemoglobin,"1993 (J. Lab. Clin. Med, vol. 122), pp. 301-308. Feldman, P., et al., "The Surprising Life of Nitric Oxide," 1993, (Chem. Eng. News, Dec.) pp. 26-38. Fronticelli, C, et al. "The Dimer-Tetramer Equilibrium of Recombinant Hemoglobins. Stabilization of the a, |32 Interface by the Mutation |3(Cysll2^Gly) at the at ^ Interface," 1994 (Biophysical Chemistry, vol. 51), pp. 53-57. Thompson, A., et al., "Stroma-Free Hemoglobin Increases Blood Pressure and GFR in the Hypotensive Rat: Role of Nitric Acid,"1994 (/. Appl. Physiol, vol. 77), pp. 2348-2354.

Hargrove, M. S., et al., "His64(E7)—»Tyr Apomyoglobin as a Reagent for Measuring Rates of Hemin Dissociation*,"

1994 (/. Biol. Chem., vol. 269), pp. 4207-4214. Looker, D., et al., "Expression of Recombinant Human Hemoglobin in Escherichia coli," 1994 (Methods in Enzymology vol. 231), pp. 364—374.

Fronticelli, C, et al. "Chloride Ion Independence of the Bohr Effect in a Mutant Human Hemoglobin (3 (VlM=H2deleted)*," 1994 (Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 269), pp. 23965-23969.

Lincoln, T.—"Protein Engineering. Hunting Haemaglobin [news; comment]," 1995 Nature, vol. 373, p. 196. Alayash, A., et al., "Hemoglobin and Free Radicals: Implications for the Development of a Safe Blood Substitute,"

1995 (Mol. Med. Today, vol. 1), pp. 122-127.

Carver & Kutlow, 1995, (International Hemoglobin Information Center Variant List Hemoglobin, vol. 19), pp. 37-149.

Militello, V., et al. "Dynamic Properties of Some (3-Chain
Mutant Hemoglobins,"1995 (Proteins, vol. 22), pp. 12-19.
Gould, S., et al., "Clinical Development of Human Poly-
merized Hemoglobin as a Blood Substitute,"1996 (World
Journal of Surgery, vol. 20), pp. 1200-1207.
Eich, R. E, et al. "Mechanism of NO-Induced Oxidation of
Myoglobin and Hemoglobin," 1996 (Biochemistry, vol. 35),
pp. 6976-6983.

Pechik, I., et al., "Crystallographic, Molecular Modeling, and Biophysical Characterization of the Valine|367(Ell)—» Threonine Variant of Hemoglobin," 1996 (Biochemistry, vol. 35), pp. 1935-1945.

Sanders, K. E., et al. "Engineering and Design of Blood Substitutes," 1996 (Current Opinion in Structural Biology, vol. 6), pp. 534-540.

Kiger, L., et al. "Recombinant [Phe(363] Hemoglobin Shows Rapid Oxidation of the (3 Chains and Low-Affinity, NonCooperative Oxygen Binding to the a Subunits,"1996 (Eur. J. Biochem., vol. 243), pp. 365-373. Cupane, A., et al."Modification of a-Chain or (3-Chain Heme Pocket Polarity by Val(Ell)—»Substitution Has Different Effects on the Steric, Dynamic, and Functional Properties of Human Recombinant Hemoglobin. Deoxy Derivatives*", 1997 (Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 272), pp. 26271-26278).

Shen, T. J. , et al."Production of Human Normal Adult and Fetal Hemoglobins in Escherichia coli," 1997 (Protein Engineering, vol. 10), pp. 1085-1097). Sun, D. P., et al. "Contribution of Surface Histidyl Residues in the a-Chain to the Bohr Effect of Human Normal Adult Hemoglobin: Roles of Global Electrostatic Effects," 1997 (Biochemistry, vol. 36), pp. 6663-6673. Netzer, W., et al., "Recombination of Protein Domains Facilitated by Co-Translational Folding in Eukaryotes," 1997 (Nature, vol. 388), pp. 343-349. Olson, J., et al., "Protein Engineering Strategies for Designing More Stable Hemoglobin-Based Blood Substitutes," 1997 (Art. Cells, Blood Subs, and Immob. Biotech., vol. 25), pp. 227-241.

Hargrove, M. S., et al. "Quarternary Structure Regulates Hemin Dissociation from Human Hemoglobin* [Published Erratum Appears in J. Biol Chem Sep. 19, 1997, 272(38):24096]," 1997 (Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 272), pp. 17385-17389.

Verderber, E., et al., "Role of the hemA Gene Product and 8-Aminolevulinic Acid in Regulation of Escherichia coli Heme Synthesis," 1997 (Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 179), pp. 4583-4590.

Weickert, M., et al., "Turnover of Recombinant Human Hemoglobin in Escherichia coli Occurs Rapidly for Insoluble and Slowly for Soluble Globin," 1997 (Arch. Biochem. Biophys., vol. 348), pp. 337-346.

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FIG. 2

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T 1 1 ' | ■ 1 > 1 1 1 . 1 , ! , . ,

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

mM HEMIN

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