United States Patent
Eggers et al.
US005928155A [ii] Patent Number: [45] Date of Patent:
[54] CARDIAC OUTPUT MEASUREMENT WITH METABOLIZABLE ANALYTE CONTAINING FLUID
[75] Inventors: Philip E. Eggers, Dublin, Ohio; Scott P. Huntley, Danville, Calif.; Gamal Eddin Khalil, Redmond, Wash.
[73] Assignee: Cardiox Corporation, Menlo Park, Calif.
[21] Appl. No.: 09/040,167 [22] Filed: Mar. 17, 1998
Related U.S. Application Data
[63] Continuation-in-part of application No. 08/792,967, Jan. 24, 1997, Pat. No. 5,788,647.
[51] Int. CI. A61B 5/028
[52] U.S. CI 600/526; 600/341; 600/479
[58] Field of Search 600/322, 341,
600/342, 368, 478, 479, 481, 508, 526, 486; 604/20
[56] References Cited
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
3,269,386 8/1966 Sherman .
3,304,413 2/1967 Lehmann et al. .
3,359,974 12/1967 Khalil .
(List continued on next page.)
FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
235811 9/1987 European Pat. Off. . WO 8806426 of 1988 WIPO .
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
"A New Technique for Measurement of Cardiac Output by
Thermodilution in Man" Ganz, M.D., et al.
"Intravascular and Intracardiac Blood Temperatures in Man"
Afonso, et al.
"Instantaneous and Continuous Cardiac Output Obtained
With a Doppler Pulmonary Artery Catheter" Segal, et al.
"Transtracheal Doppler: A New Procedure for Continous
Cardiac Output Measurement" Abrams, et al.
"Continuous Cardiac Output Monitoring During Cardiac
Surgery" Schreuder, et al.
"Alternatives to Swan-Ganz Cardiac Output Monitoring"
Morre, M.D., et al.
"Continuous Measurement of Blood Oxygen Saturation In the High Risk Patient" Schweiss, M.D., 1983. "Electrochemical Performance, Biocompatibility, and Adhesion of New Polymer Matrices for Solid-State Ion Sensors" Cha, et al., Analytical Chemistry, pp. 1666-1672, 1991. "Exercise-Induced Hyperammonemia: Peripheral and Central Effects" Banister, et al., International Journal of Sports Medicine, pp. S129-S142, 1990.
(List continued on next page.)
Primary Examiner—Cary O'Connor
Assistant Examiner—Eric F. Winakur
Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Mueller and Smith, LPA
![[blocks in formation]](http://www.google.fr/patents?id=7UEYAAAAEBAJ&hl=fr&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=text&pg=PA1&img=1&zoom=3&hl=fr&q=&cds=1&sig=ACfU3U2vbfJltj_KsYJ6fYvPTGACU7FZQQ&edge=0&edge=stretch&ci=504,561,284,19)
Cardiac output is measured utilizing a catheter in conjunction with the indicator dilution technique. Non-thermal analyte-containing fluid is used as the injectate. This fluid is biocompatible with and metabolizable within the body of the patient. An analyte concentration sensor is mounted upon the catheter and located downstream within the bloodstream from the port from which the analyte-containing fluid is expressed. Because of the matching of rapid concentration sensor response with an analyte-containing fluid which is metabolizable, the measurement of cardiac output may be carried out as often as about one to three minutes in conjunction with an infusion interval substantially less than the measurement frequency interval. The analyte-containing fluids are selected from a group consisting of ammoniacal fluid, heparin, ethanol, a carbon dioxide releasing fluid, glucose, and anesthesia agent. The system performs in conjunction with a microprocessor-driven controller which automates the measurement procedure and provides a display of cardiac output and various cardiovascular parameters.
62 Claims, 25 Drawing Sheets
3,433,935 3,618,591 3,670,715 3,678,922 3,820,530 4,015,593 4,217,910 4,236,527 4,240,441 4,316,391 4,507,974 4,572,206 4,595,015 4,597,848 4,671,295 4,685,470 4,722,347 4,733,669 4,785,823 4,791,935 4,807,629 4,819,655 4,841,981 4,869,263 4,949,724 5,046,505 5,088,491 5,092,339 5,383,468 5,395,505 5,413,592 5,435,308 5,443,074 5,458,128
3/1969 11/1971 6/1972 7/1972 6/1974 4/1977 8/1980 12/1980 12/1980 2/1982 4/1985 2/1986 6/1986 7/1986 6/1987 8/1987 2/1988 3/1988 11/1988 12/1988 2/1989 4/1989 6/1989 9/1989 8/1990 9/1991 2/1992 3/1992 1/1995 3/1995 5/1995 7/1995 8/1995 10/1995
Sherman .
Bradley et al. .
Perilhou et al. .
Philips et al. .
Gilford et al. .
Klings et al. .
Khalil .
Newbower et al.
Khalil .
Tickner .
Yelderman .
Geddes et al. .
Jansen et al. .
Oka et al. .
Abrams et al. .
Sekii et al. .
Abrams et al. .
Segal .
Eggers et al. .
Baudino et al. .
Baudino et al. .
Webler .
Tanabe et al. .
Segal et al. .
Mahutte et al. .
Sekii et al. .
Schaldach .
Geddes et al. .
Nakayama et al.
Band et al. .
Schroeppel.
Gallup et al. .
Roelandt et al. .
Polanyi et al. .
5,464,434 11/1995 At .
5,611,338 3/1997 Gallup et al. .
5,647,359 7/1997 Kohno et al. .
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
"When and How should We measure Plama Ammonia?" Green, Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, pp. 199-209, 1988. "A polypyrrole-based Amperometric Ammonia Sensor" Lahdesmaki, et al, Talanta, pp. 125-134, 1996. "Intergrated-circuit-compatible design and technology of acoustic-wave-based microsensors", Vellekoop et al., Sensors and Actuators A, pp. 249-263, 1994. "Interaction of Planar polymer Schottky barrier diodes with gaseous substances", Assadi et al., Sensors and Actuators B, pp. 71-77, 1994.
"Electrode Systems For Continuous Monitoring in Cardiovascular Surgery" Clerk, et al.
"A Novel Electrochemical Heparin Sensor" Yang, et al., ASAIO Journal, pp. M195-M201, 1993. "A Distribution of Ammonia Between Extracellular and intracellular Compartment of the Rat Brain" Hindfelt, Clinical Science and Molecular Medicine, pp. 33-37, 1975. "The Dynamics of Ammonia Metabolism in Man" Lockwood, et al., Journal of Clinical Investigation, pp. 449-460, 1979.
"Nitrogen Balance after Intravenous and Oral Administration of Ammonium Salts to Man" Furst, et al., Journal of Applied Physiology, pp. 13-22, 1969. "Ferrocene-Medicated Enzyme Electrode for Amperometric Determination of Gluscose" Cass, et al., Analytical Chemistry, pp. 667-671, 1984.
|
