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US006529892B1

(12) United States Patent ao) Patent No.: us 6,529,892 Bi

Lambert (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 4,2003 Page 2

(54) APPARATUS, METHOD AND PRODUCT FOR MULTI-ATTRIBUTE DRUG COMPARISON

(75) Inventor: Bruce L. Lambert, River Forest, IL (US)

(73) Assignee: Illinois, University of, Chicago, IL (US)

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term ol this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.

(21) Appl. No.: 09/368,203

(22) Filed: Aug. 4, 1999

(51) Int. CI.7 G06F 17/00; G06F 15/18;

G06F 7/00

(52) U.S. CI 706/55; 706/48; 706/20;

707/5

706/20, 48, 45; 707/5, 3

(56) References Cited

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OTHER PUBLICATIONS

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(List continued on next page.)

Primary Examiner—-Thomas Black
Assistant Examiner—Kelvin Booker

(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Nutter McClennen & Fish, LLP

(57) ABSTRACT

A computer-implemented apparatus or method, or a software product, for generating a composite quantitative comparison ol drug products based on multiple attributes ol them. A set ol name-attribute similarity scores are generated based on similarities among the names ol selected target and relerence drugs. A set ol product-attribute similarity scores are generated based on similarities among product attributes ol the selected target and relerence drugs. A target drug confiisability score is generated based on the confiisability ol the target drug as compared to a population ol other drugs. The composite quantitative comparison is generated based on a composite ol the name-attribute and product-attribute similarity scores, and the target confiisability score.

90 Claims, 13 Drawing Sheets

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OTHER PUBLICATIONS

Luce, P., et al.: "Similarity Neighborhoods of Spoken Words", Word Frequency Effects, 1990, pp. 122-147. Boring, D., Rph, PhD, "The Development and Adoption of Nonproprietary, Established, and Proprietary Names for Pharmaceuticals", Drug Information Journal, vol. 31, 1997, pp. 621-635.

Hall,P.A.V.I et al: "Approximate String Matching", ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 12, No. 4, Dec. 1980, pp. 111-132. Stephen, G.: "String Distance and Common Sequences", String Searching Algorithms, Lecture Notes Series on Computing, vol. 3, pp. 39-87. 1990.

Cohen, M. "Drug product characteristics that foster drug-use-system errors", Am J Health-Syst Pharm, vol. 52, Feb. 1995, pp. 395-399.

Lambert, L., et al.: "Predicting and Preventing Drug Name Confusion Errors: A Summary of Findings" Enhancing Patient Safety and Reducing Errors in Health Care, 1998, pp. 221-225, p. 215.

"USP Quality Review—Use Caution—Avoid Confusion", USP Practitioners' Reporting Network, May 1999, No. 66, pp. 1-4.

Luce, P. et al.: "Recognizing Spoken Words: The Neighborhood Activation Model", Ear and Hearing, vol. 19, No. 1, Feb. 1998, pp. 1-36.

Monsell, S.: "The Nature of Locus of Word Frequency Effects in Reading", Basic Processes in Reading, Visual Word Recognition, 1991, pp. 148-197. Havens, L. et al.: "The Effect of Competition on Visual Duration Threshold and its Independence of Stimulus Frequency", Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1963, vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 6-11.

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Zobel, J., Dart, P.: "Phonetic String Matching: Lessons from Information Retrieval", SIGIR96: Proceedings of the 19th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Switzerland, Aug. 18-22, 1996, pp. 166-172.

Lambert, B. et al.: "Similarity as a Risk Factor in Drug Name Confusion Errors: The Look-Alike (Orthographic) and Sound-Alike (Phonetic) Model", Medical Care, in press, Mar. 1999, pp. 1-37.

Lambert, B. et al.: "Effects of Similarity on Pharmacists' Recall and Recognition of Drug Names", PharmSci 1998, 1:1333.

Grainger, J. et al.: "On the role of competing word units in visual word recognition: The neighborhood frequency effect", Perception & Psychophysics, 1989; 45:189-195.

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* cited by examiner

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