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Pellizer, F. et al.,“Novel u Trench Phase-Change Memory Cell for Embedded and Stand-Alone Non-Volatile Memory Applications,” Jun. 15-17, 2004 Symposium on VLSI Teclmology Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 18-19.

Pirovano, Agostino et al.,“Reliability Study of Phase-Change Nonvolatile Memories,” IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability, Sep. 2004, pp. 422-427, vol. 4, No. 3.

Prakash, S. et al., “A guideline for Designing Chalcogenide-Based Glasses for Threshold Switching Characteristics,” IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 18, No. 2, Feb. 1997, pp. 45-47.

Radaelli, A. et al., “Electronic Switching Effect and Phase-Change Transition in Chalcogenide Materials,” IEEE Electron Device Letters, Oct. 2004, pp. 684-686, vol. 25, No. 10.

Rochefort, C. et al., “Manufacturing of High Aspect-Ration p-n Junctions Using Vapor Phase Doping for Application in Multi-Resurf Devices,” IEEE Jun. 4-7, 2002, pp. 237-240.

Strauss, Karl F. et al., “Overview of Radiation Tolerant Unlimited Write Cycle Non-Volatile Memory,” IEEE Mar. 18-25, 2000, pp. 399-408.

Subramanian, Vivek et al., “Low Leakage Germanium-Seeded Laterally-Crystallized Single-Grain 100-nm TFT’s for Vertical Integration Applications,” IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 20, No. 7, Jul. 1999, pp. 341-343.

Wicker, Guy et al., Nonvolatile, High Density, High Performance Phase Change Memory, 1999, http://klabs.org/richcontent/ MAPLDCon99/ Papers/ P2 1_Tyson_P. PDF#search:‘nonvolatile%20high%20density%20high%20performance%20phase%20change%20memory’, 8pages.

Wicker, Guy, “A Comprehensive Model of Submicron Chalcogenide Switching Devices,” Doctoral Dissertation, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 1996, 137 pp.

Wolf, Stanley, Excerpt from: Silicon Processing for the VLSI Era— vol. 4, pp. 674-679, 2004.

Wuttig, Matthias, “Towards aUniversal Memory?” Nature Materials, Apr. 2005, pp. 265-266, vol. 4.

Yi, J . H. et al., “Novel Cell Structure of PRAM with Thin Metal Layer Inserted GeSbTe,” IEEE IEDM Dec. 10, 2003, 4 pages.

Yonehara, T. et al., “Control of Grain Boundary Location by Selective Nucleation Over Amorphous Substrates,” Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., vol. 106, 1998, pp. 21-26.

Non-Final Office Action mailed Apr. 2, 2008 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/348,846, filed Feb. 7,2006.

Amendment After Non-Final filed on Aug. 4, 2008 in response to Apr. 2,2008 Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 11/348,846, filed Feb. 7, 2006.

Office Action (Restriction) mailed Apr. 8, 2008, U.S. Appl. No. 1 1/348,848.

Office Action mailed Jul. 10, 2008, U.S. Appl. No. 11/348,848. Office Action mailed Feb. 17, 2009, U.S. Appl. No. 11/348,848. Notice of Allowance, mailed Aug. 7, 2009, U.S. Appl. No. 1 1/348,848.

“Optimized Thermal Capacitance in a Phase Change Memory Cell Design,” IPCOM000141986D, IP.com Prior Art Database, Oct. 18, 2006, 4pp.

“Thermal Conductivity of Crystalline Dielectrics” in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Internet Version 2007, (87th edition), David R. Lide, ed. Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, Fl, 2pp.

Ahn, S. J . et al., “Highly Reliable Snm Contact Cell Technology for 256Mb PRAM,”VLSI Technology, Digest of Technical Papers, Jun. 14-16, 2005, pp. 98-99.

Atwood, G, et al., “90 nm Phase Change Teclmology with u Trench and Lance Cell Elements,” VLSI Teclmology, Systems and Applications, Apr. 23-25, 2007, pp. 1-2.

Axon Technologies Corporation paper: Teclmology Description, published at least as early as Dec. 1997, pp. 1-6.

Chao, Der-Sheng, et al., “Low Programming Current Phase Change Memory Cell with Double GST Thermally Confined Structure,” Int’l Symp on VLSI Technology, Systems and Applications, Apr. 23-25, 2007, pp. 1-2.

Gill, Manzur et al., “A High-Performance Nonvolatile Memory Technology for Stand-Alone Memory and Embedded Applications,” Feb. 3-7, 2002 IEEE-ISSCC Technical Digest (TD 12.4), 7 pp.

Gleixner, “Phase Change Memory Reliability”, 22nd NVSMW, Aug. 26, 2007, 46 pages.

Hanzawa, Satoru, et al., “A 512kB Embedded Phase Change Memory with 416kB/ s Write Throughput at 100pA Cell Write Current,” ISSCC 2007, Session 26, Non-Volatile Memories/26.2, 3 pages. Li,Yiming, “Temperature dependence on the contact size of GeSbTe films for phase change memories,” J . Comput Electron (2008) 7: 138141.

Oh, Hyung-Rok, et al., “Enhanced Write Performance of a 64Mb Phase-Change Random Access Memory,” ISSCC 2005, Session 2, Non-Volatile Memory, 2.3, 3 pages.

Schafft, Harry A. et al., “Thermal Conductivity Measurements of Thin Films Silicon Dioxide,” Proceedings of the IEEE 1989 International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures vol. 2, No. 1, Mar. 1989, pp. 121-124.

Yamada, Noboru, “Potential of Ge-Sb-Te phase-change optical disks for high-data-rate recording in the near future,” (Conference Proceedings Paper), Jul. 30, 1997, vol. 3109, 10 pages.

* cited by examiner

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