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  • Obesity: - Definition - Etiology - Risk Factor - Assessment

    Transféré par

    Noraida Jalaludin
    15 vues19 pages

    Titre original

    SEMINAR OBESITY

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    15 vues19 pages

    Obesity: - Definition - Etiology - Risk Factor - Assessment

    Transféré par

    Noraida Jalaludin

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme PPTX, PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 19

    OBESITY

    -DEFINITION
    -ETIOLOGY
    -RISK FACTOR
    -ASSESSMENT
    WHAT IS OBESITY?
    • Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has
    accumulated and may have a negative effect on health.

    • According to World Health Organization (WHO), obesity is defined as


    abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health.

    • People with obesity will have Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 and above.
    • BMI is not a direct estimate of adiposity and does not take into
    account that some people have high BMI due to large muscle mass.

    • A better way to define???


    • Measure the percentage of total body fat

    • Obesity can also be defined as 25 percent or greater total body fat in


    men or greater in women.
    HOW OBESITY HAPPENS?
    • Adipocyte, which comprises the adipose tissue, may be increased in
    size or number in obese persons.

    • Besides act as fat storage, adipocytes also release endocrine


    regulating molecule

    • The molecules include :


    • Leptin (energy regulating hormone)
    • TNF-alpha and IL-6 (cytokines)
    • Insulin sensitivity regulating agents (adiponectin, resistin)
    • BP regulating agent (angiotensinogen)
    ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS OF
    OBESITY
    1- Greater Energy Intake Than
    Energy Expenditure

    • Greater quantities of energy (food


    intake) entered than expended, most
    excess energy is stored as fat.

    • Energy stores = energy intake – energy


    expenditures
    • 2- Decreased Physical Activity
    • Inadequate physical activity associated with decreased muscle mass and
    increased adipocity.

    • Sedentary behaviours such as prolonged television and sitting for long hours
    have shown a close association with obesity.
    3- Abnormal Feeding
    Behaviour
    • Environmentally, increase in
    prevalence of obesity in most
    industrialized countries.
    • Availability and price of unhealthy
    food , may lead to abnormal feeding
    behaviour.
    • Psychological factors may
    contribute to obesity.
    • People often gain weight during of
    after stressful situations.

    • Childhood overnutrition also


    can cause obesity.
    • Parents prevalent idea in healthy
    eating habits.
    4- Neurogenic Abnormalities as a Cause of Obesity
    • Damage to hypothalamus might develop progressive obesity.
    5- Genetic Factors Contributes to Obesity
    • Genes causing abnormalities of :-
    I. One or more pathways that regulate feeding centers
    II. Energy expenditures and fat storage
    III. Mutations of MCR-4 (most common)
    IV. Congenital leptin deficiency
    V. Mutation of leptin receptor
    Cushing’s Syndrome
    6- Medical
    Conditions as Insulinoma
    Secondary
    Causes of
    Obesity
    Hypothyroidism

    Drug induces
    A) BODY MASS INDEX
    Measure of body size. It combines a person's weight with their height.
    • Weight : 118kg
    • Height : 1.96m
    • BMI : 31

    Is he obese??
    BMI is most accurate most of the time.

    However may overestimate or


    underestimate body fat.

    Does not distinguish between body fat


    and muscle mass
    B)
    ANATOMICAL
    DIFFERENCE
    IN FAT
    DEPOSITION
    C) BIOCHEMICAL
    DIFFERENCES IN
    FAT DEPOSITION

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