163
Nat. Croat. Vol. 24(2), 2015
NAT. CROAT. VOL. 24 No 2 163–190 ZAGREB December 31, 2015
original scientific paper / izvorni znanstveni rad
DOI: 10.302/NC.2015.24.11
TOwarDs a CheCklIsT Of The vasCular flOra
Of The NereTva rIver DelTa (CrOaTIa)
Peter Glasnović1,2, Špela Novak3, Sanja Behrič4 & Nataša Fujs2*
science and research Centre, university of Primorska, sI-6000 koper, Garibaldijeva 1, slovenia
(peter.glasnovic@zrs.upr.si)
1
*(student) faculty of Mathematics, Natural sciences and Information Technologies,
university of Primorska, sI-6000 koper, Glagoljaška 8, slovenia
2; 2
Museum of Natural history, Prešernova cesta 20, 1001 ljubljana
3
4
Šubljeva ulica 28, sI-1234 Mengeš, slovenia
Glasnović, P., Novak, Š., Behrič, S. & Fujs, N.: Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of the
Neretva River Delta (Croatia). Nat. Croat., Vol. 24, No. 2., 163–190, Zagreb, 2015.
The Neretva river Delta is considered one of the 96 important plant areas of Croatia and as an
important wetland is listed as a ramsar site. In this paper we provide data on habitat and floristic diversity recorded during a field study carried out in april 2011. we surveyed 10 localities and identified
18 habitat types, 12 of which are included in annex I of the eu habitat Directive. Out of 458 identified
vascular plant taxa, 32 are included in the red Book of vascular flora of Croatia as endangered (5 taxa),
vulnerable (10 taxa), and Near threatened (11), while 6 taxa are regarded as Data Deficient. In addition,
we recorded two invasive alien species and 12 endemic species for the Dinaric area, and discuss their
conservation and biogeographycal importance. we added 160 records from literature sources to our
data, which resulted in 618 identified (recorded) taxa for the study region.
Key words: flora, habitats, nature conservation, Neretva river Delta, Croatia
Glasnović, P., Novak, Š., Behrič, S. & Fujs, N.: Prema stvaranju popisa vaskularne flore ušća
rijeke Neretve (Hrvatska). Nat. Croat., Vol. 24, No. 2., 163–190, Zagreb, 2015.
Delta rijeke Neretve jednn je od 96 botanički važnih područja u hrvatskoj i nalazi se na popisu
lokaliteta ramsarske konvencije. u radu prikazujemo podatke o staništima i florističkoj raznolikosti
prikupljenima tijekom terenskih istraživanja u travnju 2011. Na 10 istraživanih lokaliteta utvrdili smo
18 tipova staništa od kojih se 12 nalazi u Dodatku I Direktive o staništima eu. Među 458 svojti vaskularne flore, 32 vrste su uključene u Crvenu knjigu vaskularne flore hrvatske kao ugrožene svojte (pet
vrsta), osjetljive (10) ili gotovo ugrožene (11), dok je status šest svojti nedovoljno poznat (DD). uz to,
zabilježili smo dvije invazivne i 12 endemičnih svojta te dali osvrt na njihov konzervacijski i biogeografski značaj. Prikupljenim podacima dodali smo 160 literaturnih nalaza, pa je ukupna raznolikost
flore u istraživanom području 618 svojta.
Ključne riječi: flora, staništa, očuvanje prirode, delta rijeke Neretve, hrvatska
INTrODuCTION
The Mediterranean basin has been recognized as one of the global biodiversity hotspots (Myers et al., 2000). The Balkan Peninsula, especially its mountainous western part,
represents one of the european biodiversity hotspots (Polunin, 1997; Griffiths et al.
(eds.), 2004). Thus, the 230 km long Neretva river, the longest in the Dinaric mountain
range, can be considered a link between thess two “hotspots”, connecting the inner
areas of the Balkan Peninsula with the great Mediterranean basin.
164
Glasnović, P. et al.: Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of the Neretva River Delta (Croatia)
The Neretva river rises in the central, mountainous area of Bosnia and herzegovina,
continuing its course through narrow and deep valleys towards the adriatic sea. Most
of the river length is in Bosnia and herzegovina, and only its final 22 km are in the republic of Croatia where the Neretva river forms a large alluvial plain, one of the largest
and most important wetlands of the eastern adriatic coast. Due to urbanization and
intensive agriculture the whole area was significantly modified in the last century. wetland habitats have been largely confined within smaller areas and are today under
protection (Jasprica in alegro et al., 2010). since 1993 the Neretva river Delta has been
listed under the ramsar Convention as internationally important. although small and
unconnected protected areas already exist, recently, an initiative has been launched to
declare the whole delta region a protected area and to establish a public institution for
its proper management (eg. radović et al., 2007).
The Neretva river Delta is located within an area characterised by the Mediterranean
climate, with mild and rainy winters (mean temperature of the coldest month is 9.2 °C
in Dubrovnik and 9.1°C in hvar) and hot and dry summers (mean temperature of the
warmest month is 24,6°C in Dubrovnik and 25°C in hvar). The mean amount of precipitation is around 1000 mm (1064 mm in Dubrovnik and 713 in hvar), with highest peaks
during winter months (for periods between 1961–1990 and 1971–2000, Zaninović et al.,
2008). The alluvial plain is bounded by calcareous hills in the north and south. The landscape diversity is reflected in the diversity of habitats which leads to species diversity.
The area harbours a number of rare and endangered plant species and has consequently
been recognized as one of 94 important plant areas of Croatia (Jasprica in Nikolić et al.
(eds.), 2010). knowledge about the plant life of the Neretva river Delta can be gathered
in different works on the topic (horvatić, 1954; lovrić & rac, 1987; lovrić & rac, 1988;
Topić, 1995; Jasprica & Buntić, 2003; Jasprica & kovačić, 2005; Trinajstić, 2002) and in
works dealing with singular floristic findings (horvatić, 1949; hodak, 1956; Ilijanić &
hećimović, 1983; Topić et al., 1996; smital et al., 1998; Šilić & Šolić, 2002). although
there is no published systematic checklist of the vascular flora of the Neretva river Delta, Jasprica, according to data from flora Croatica Database (Nikolić et al. (eds.), 2010),
in a summing up said that 820 vascular plants taxa were already known for this area.
a compilation of biodiversity data is essential in systematic conservation planning
and represents its first step (Margules & Pressey, 2000). with this paper we wish to
contribute towards a comprehensive knowledge of the vascular flora of the Neretva
river Delta for its proper future protection.
MeThODs
we surveyed the vascular flora of the wider Neretva river Delta during six days of
field work in the period from 24th to 30th april 2011 at 10 localities indicated in Tabe 1
and fige 1.
localities were selected so as to ensure that as many different habitats as possible
were reviewed. we surveyed the floristic diversity of coastal and saline habitats (localities 1, 2, 3 and 4), freshwater habitats (localities 7 and 9), degraded stages of sclerophyllous Mediterranean forest vegetation (localities 1, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10), semi-natural
grasslands (localities 2, 5, 8 and 10), rocky habitats (localities 5, 8 and 10) and habitats
within and in the proximity of human settlements (localities 1, 8 and 10). at each locality we further classified terrestrial habitat types according to the PhYsIs typology
which follows the Palearctic habitat classification (Devillers & Devillers-Terschuren,
2000; Topić & vukelić, 2009).
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Nat. Croat. Vol. 24(2), 2015
Tab. 1. surveyed localities.
No. Locality
N
E
1 Blace 1
2 komin
43.00
43.04
17.47
17.56
3
4
42.98
17.55
42.98
43.04
17.53
17.59
43.06
43.02
17.51
17.46
42.99
43.02
43.01
17.64
17.45
17.47
5
6
7
8
9
10
Locality description
village of Blace and its surroundings
slopes of hills umac (315 m) and kovač (255 m) hills above
the village of komin
Pižinovac 1
rocky slopes above the village of Pižinovac
Pižinovac 2
fresh-water habitats within agricultural land in the proximity
of the village of Pižinovac
krvavac
rocky slopes of hills kablina (450 m) and Bobalj (265 m) above
the church “Gospa od karmela” in the proximity of the village
of krvavac
Banja – Modro oko area surrounding the village Banja and the Modro oko lake
Blace 2
Galičak hill (32 m) 1,5 km north-west from the village of Blace
vidonje
village of vidonje with Marin vijenac (507 m) hill and its
southern slopes
Blace 3
Neretva river mouth 4,5 km north-west from the village of Blace
Blace 4
sandy beach 2 km north-west from the village of Blace
Fig. 1. research area with indicated surveyed localities
Most plant taxa were identified in the field, while taxonomically complicated taxa
were determined using a stereomicroscope and the proper literature (Pignatti, 1983;
Tutin et al, 2001; Domac, 2002; Martinčič et al., 2007; Blamey & Grey-wilson, 2004;
Delforge, 2006; kovačić et al., 2008). The nomenclature has been adjusted according to
the flora Croatica Database (Nikolić (ed.), 2010). voucher specimens are stored at the
Natural history Museum rijeka (NhMr).
Taxa listed in the red Book of vascular flora of Croatia (Nikolić & Topić (eds.), 2005)
are marked according to their conservation status (Cr – Critically endangered, eN – endangered, vu – vulnerable, DD – Data deficient). additionally, taxa protected by the
Nature Protection law (anonymous, 2013) are marked as SP (if listed as strictly Protected). Taxa considered to be invasive alien taxa according to Boršić et al. (2008) are marked
with IAS.
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Glasnović, P. et al.: Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of the Neretva River Delta (Croatia)
resulTs
within the surveyed areas we identified 18 habitat types, 12 of which are included in
annex I of the eu habitat Directive (Council Directive 92/43/eeC on the Conservation
of Natural habitats and the wild fauna and flora) (Tab. 2).
During our fieldwork we recorded 458 different vascular plant taxa, listed in Tab. 3.
furthermore, we report on additional 160 taxa referred to from the lower Neretva river
or Neretva river Delta in different literature sources but not recorded during our fieldwork. altogether the list consists of 618 different taxa.
Tab. 2. habitat types at surveyed localities. habitat types are defined according to the Palearctic habitat classification – PhYsIs. habitats included in the eu habitat Directive are
emphasized with bold characters.
No.
Locality (LOC)
Terrestrial habitat types
1
Blace 1
18.22
15.6
34.5;
45.1
7.2;
83.11
Tethyan sea-cliff communities (Crithmo – Limonietea)
Mediterranean saltmarsh scrubs (Sarcocornietea fruticosae)
Mediterranean xeric grasslands (Thero-Brachypodietea ramosi)
Olive-carob forests
ruderal communities
Olive groves
2
komin
32.131
34.75
45.3
62.10
Prickly juniper arborescent matorral
eastern sub-Mediterranean dry grasslands (Scorzoneretalia villosae)
holm-oak forest
Calcicolous chasmophyte communities (Centaureo-Campanuletalia)
3
Pižinovac 1
34.5
83.16
89.2
Mediterranean xeric grasslands (Thero-Brachypodietea ramosi)
Citrus orchards
fresh water industrial lagoons and canals
4
Pižinovac 2
22.41
free-floating vegetation (Potametea; Lemnetea)
5
krvavac
32.131
34.75
34.5
45.3
62.10
7.2
Prickly juniper arborescent matorral
eastern sub-Mediterranean dry grasslands (Scorzoneretalia villosae)
Mediterranean xeric grasslands (Thero-Brachypodietea ramosi)
holm-oak forest
Calcicolous chasmophyte communities (Centaureo-Campanuletalia)
ruderal communities
6
Banja – Modro
oko
22.3
22.42
22.41
44.4
amphibious macrophyte communities
rooted submerged vegetation
free-floating vegetation (Potametea; Lemnetea)
Mixed oak-elm-ash forests of great river
7
Blace 2
34.5
Mediterranean xeric grasslands (Thero-Brachypodietea ramosi)
8
vidonje
32.131
34.75
45.3
62.10
7.2
Prickly juniper arborescent matorral
eastern sub-Mediterranean dry grasslands (Scorzoneretalia villosae)
holm-oak forest
Calcicolous chasmophyte communities (Centaureo-Campanuletalia)
ruderal communities
9
Blace 3
13.2
estuaries
10
Blace 4
15.1
annual salt pioneer swards (Thero-Salicornietalia)
167
Nat. Croat. Vol. 24(2), 2015
Taxa
CONservaTION
sTaTus aND
OTher
reMarks
Tab. 3. list of recorded taxa from fieldwork and literature. The presence of each taxon at
individual localities is indicated in the table. Conservation status and other remarks are
indicated with abbreviations; see the chapter methods for the full text.
localities (lOC)
1
Acer monspessulanum l.
Acinos arvensis (lam.) Dandy
x
2
3
x
x
4
x
x
x
x
x
x
IAS
x
9
10
x
x
x
x
x
Ajuga chamaepitys (l.) schreb.
x
Alisma lanceolatum with.
x
Alisma plantago-aquatica l.
x
Alkanna tinctoria Tausch
x
Allium ampeloprasum l. var. lussinense
x
x
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
Allium roseum l.
x
Allium subhirsutum l.
x
x
x
Alnus glutinosa (l.) Gaertner
x
Alnus glutinosa subsp. elliptica (req.)
Nyman
lower Neretva river (lovrić et al., 1988)
Neretva river Delta (alegro in Nikolić & Topić, 2005;
Jasprica in alegro et al., 2010)
vu; sP
Alopecurus myosuroides huds.
x
Althaea officinalis l.
x
Alyssum alyssoides l. (l.)
x
Alyssum montanum l. ssp. pagense
(Baumgartner) hayek
x
x
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
Alyssum simplex rudolphi
x
Ambrosia artemisiifolia l.
IAS
Anacamptis pyramidalis (l.) rich.
sP
Anagallis arvensis l.
x
x
x
x
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
x
x
x
Anagallis foemina Mill.
x
Anthemis arvensis l.
x
x
Anthemis cotula l.
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954)
Anthoxanthum odoratum l.
Apium repens (Jacq.) lag.
8
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949, 1954)
Agrostis stolonifera agg.
Anthyllis vulneraria l. subsp. praepropera
(a.kern.) Bornm.
Anthyllis vulneraria l. ssp. weldeniana
(rchb.) Cullen
7
x
x
Aethionema saxatile (l.) r. Br.
Alopecurus aequalis sobol
6
x
Aegilops geniculata roth
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) swingle
5
x
sP
x
x
x
x
sP
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
DD; sP
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954)
Glasnović, P. et al.: Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of the Neretva River Delta (Croatia)
Taxa
CONservaTION
sTaTus aND
OTher
reMarks
168
Arabis hirsuta (l.) scop.
localities (lOC)
1
2
x
x
Arabis turrita l.
Arabis verna (l.) r. Br.
x
3
4
5
6
7
8
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Arbutus unedo l.
x
Argyrolobium zanonii (Turra) P. w. Ball
x
x
x
x
Arisarum vulgare O.Targ.Tozz.
x
x
x
Aristolochia rotunda l.
x
Marshland and aquatic vegetation of Neretva river, canals and lakes
kuti, Modro oko, Baćina and spring Norin (Topić,1995); Banks of the
velika Neretva, southeast of Ploče (Topić et al., 1996)
rogotin, near Ploče (smital et al., 1998)
IAS
Arthrocnemum fructicosum (l.) Moq.
x
Arum italicum Mill.
x
x
x
x
Arum nigrum schott
x
x
Aristolochia clematitis l.
Artemisia verlotiorum lamotte
NT
x
x
x
x
x
x
Arundo donax l.
x
Asparagus acutifolius l.
Asperula scutellaris vis.
x
x
sP
x
x
x
x
x
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
Asphodeline lutea (l.) rchb.
x
Asphodelus aestivus Brot.
x
Asphodelus fistulosus l.
x
Asplenium ceterach l.
x
x
x
x
x
x
Asplenium onopteris l.
x
x
x
x
Asplenium ruta-muraria l.
x
Asplenium trichomanes l.
x
x
x
x
x
x
Aster tripolium l.
Aster squamatus (spreng.) hieron.
x
Neretva river Delta (Trinajstić, 2002)
IAS
Asterolinon linum-stellatum (l.) Duby
Astragalus hamosus l.
Aurinia sinuata (l.) Griseb.
Avena barbata Pott ex link
Avena sterilis l.
Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC. in lam. et
DC.
Baldellia ranunculoides (l.) Parl.
10
x
Arenaria serpyllifolia agg.
Artemisia absinthium l.
9
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
sP
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
vegetation of coastal muds at the Neretva river mouth (Topić, 1995);
Opuzen (Trinajstić, 2002)
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949, 1954); aquatic vegetation of
eN; sP lakes kuti, Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995); Neretva river
Delta (Nikolić & Topić, 2005, (Jasprica in alegro et al., 2010)
169
Taxa
Barlia robertiana (loisel.) Greuter
CONservaTION
sTaTus aND
OTher
reMarks
Nat. Croat. Vol. 24(2), 2015
sP
localities (lOC)
1
2
3
4
5
x
10
Marshland and aquatic vegetation of Neretva river, canals and lakes
kuti, Modro oko, Baćina and spring Norin (Topić,1995)
x
Ploče (Ilijanić & hećimović, 1983)
Bidens bipinnata
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954); aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti,
Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
Bituminaria bituminosa (l.) stirton
x
Blackstonia perfoliata (l.) huds.
x
Bombycilaena erecta (l.) smoljan.
x
x
x
x
Botomus umbellatus l.
x
x
x
x
Neretva river in Croatia (Jasprica, 1998)
Neretva river Delta (lovrić & al, 1988; rac et al., 1988)
Brachypodium distachyon (l.) P.Beauv.
x
Brachypodium retusum (Pers.) P.Beauv.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Brachypodium rupestre (host) roem. et
schult.
x
Briza maxima l.
x
Bromus diandrus roth
x
Bromus erectus huds. ssp. condensatus
(hack.) asch. et Graebn.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Bromus hordeaceus l.
x
Bromus madritensis l.
x
Bromus sterilis l.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Bryonia alba l.
x
x
x
Bryonia cretica ssp. dioica (Jacq.) Tutin
lower Neretva river (lovrić et al., 1988)
Bunias erucago l.
x
x
x
Bunium ferulaceum S.S.
Caldesia parnassifolia (l.) Parl.
9
x
Biscutella cichorifolia loisel.
Butomus umbellatus l. var. junceus (Turcz.)
Micheli
8
x
Berteroa mutabilis (vent.) DC.
Bidens tripartita l.
7
x
Bellis perennis l.
Berula erecta (huds.) Coville
6
regionaly
extinct; sP
x
lower Neretva river (lovrić et al., 1988)
Calepina irregularis (asso) Thell.
x
x
Calystegia sepium (l.) r. Br.
x
Campanula erinus l.
x
x
x
Campanula pyramidalis l.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Campanula lingulata waldst. & kit.
x
x
x
x
x
x
Capsella bursa-pastoris (l.) Medik.
x
x
Cardamine hirsuta l.
x
x
Glasnović, P. et al.: Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of the Neretva River Delta (Croatia)
Taxa
Cardamine maritima Port. ex DC.
CONservaTION
sTaTus aND
OTher
reMarks
170
localities (lOC)
1
2
3
4
sP
5
6
7
x
x
x
x
eN; sP
Metković (Ilijanić in Nikolić & Topić, 2005)
x
x
eN; sP
x
Carex flacca schreb.
x
x
Carex hallerana Asso
x
x
Carex hirta l.
x
x
x
Carex punctata Gaudin
x
vu; sP
x
Neretva river Delta (alegro in Nikolić & Topić, 2005;
Jasprica in alegro et al., 2010)
vu; sP
Carlina corymbosa l.
x
x
x
x
x
Carthamus lanatus l.
x
sP
Centaurium spicatum (l.) fritsch
x
x
x
x
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
Centaurium erythraea rafn.
Centaurium pulchelum (sw.) Druce
x
x
Celtis australis l.
Centaurea glaberrima Tausch
x
x
Carex otrubae Podp.
Carex rostrata stokes ex with.
x
aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti, Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
Carex pendula huds.
Carex riparia Curtis
x
x
Carex elata All.
Carex limosa l.
x
x
Carex divulsa stokes
Carex extensa Gooden.
10
x
sP
Carex acuta l.
Carex divisa huds.
9
x
Carduus macrocephalus Desf.
Carduus pycnocephalus l.
8
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954); aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti,
Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti, Modro oko and Baćina and vegetation
of coastal muds at the Neretva river mouth (Topić, 1995); Neretva river
mouth (Trinajstić, 2002)
Cerastium brachypetalum Pers.
x
x
x
x
Cerastium fontanum Baumg.
x
x
x
Cerastium glomeratum Thuill
x
Cerastium pumilum Curtis ssp. glutinosum
(fries) Jalas
x
x
x
Ceratophyllum submersum l.
aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti, Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
Chaerophyllum coloratum l.
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
Chelidonium majus l.
x
x
Chenopodium album agg.
Chouardia litardierei (Breistr.) speta
sP
lower Neretva river (lovrić & al, 1988)
171
Taxa
Cichorium intybus l.
CONservaTION
sTaTus aND
OTher
reMarks
Nat. Croat. Vol. 24(2), 2015
localities (lOC)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Cistus incanus l.
x
Neretva river mouth (Trinajstić, 2002)
Cladium mariscus (l.) Pohl
x
Clematis flammula l.
x
x
x
x
Clematis vitalba l.
x
x
x
Clematis viticella l.
x
Clinopodium vulgare l.
Clypeola jonthlaspi l.
x
Colutea arborescens l.
x
Convolvulus althaeoides l. ssp. tenuissimus
(sibth. et sm.) stace
x
x
x
x
Convolvulus cantabrica l.
Conyza canadensis (l.) Cronquist
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Convolvulus arvensis l.
x
x
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954)
x
Coronilla emerus l. ssp. emeroides Boiss. et
spruner
x
x
Coronilla scorpioides (l.) koch
x
x
Crataegus monogyna Jacq.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Crepis neglecta l.
x
x
x
Crepis sancta (l.) Babc.
x
Crithmum maritimum l.
x
x
Cruciata laevipes Opiz.
x
x
x
Crupina crupinastrum (Moris) vis.
x
Crypsis alopecuroides (Piller et Mitterp.)
schrad.
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954)
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954); Neretva river Delta (lovrić & al,
1988; rac et al., 1988)
Cupressus sempervirens l.
x
NT
x
x
x
x
Cymbalaria muralis P.Gaertn., B.Mey. et
scherb.
x
eN; sP
x
Cynodon dactylon (l.) Pers.
x
x
x
Cynoglossum columnae Ten.
Cynoglossum creticum Mill.
x
x
Cornus mas l.
Cynanchum acutum l.
10
x
x
Cirsium vulgare (savi) Ten.
Cyclamen repandum sibth. et sm.
9
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954); aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti, Modro
oko and Baćina (Topić,1995), Neretva river Delta (Trinajstić, 2002)
Cistus salvifolius l.
Crypsis schoenoides (l.) lam.
8
x
x
x
x
Glasnović, P. et al.: Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of the Neretva River Delta (Croatia)
Taxa
CONservaTION
sTaTus aND
OTher
reMarks
172
localities (lOC)
1
Cynoglossum officinale l.
Cyperus flavescens l.
Cyperus longus l.
Cyperus michelianus (l.) link
Cyperus serotinus rottb.
x
vu; sP
x
x
x
x
x
Digitaria sanguinalis (l.) scop.
DD
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949, 1954)
Cr; sP
Neretva river Delta (Mihelj in Nikolić & Topić, 2005)
x
x
SP
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
eN; sP
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954); Neretva river Delta
(Nikolić & Topić, 2005; Jasprica in alegro et al., 2010)
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954)
x
Eleocharis palustris agg.
IAS
Neretva river Delta (vreš, 2006)
Cr; sP
Neretva river Delta (alegro in Nikolić & Topić, 2005)
Elymus pycnanthus (Godr.) Melderis
Elymus repens (l.) Gould
x
x
x
Eleocharis acicularis (l.) roem. et schult.
Eleusine indica (l.) Gaertn.
10
x
x
Echium italicum l.
Elymus farctus (viv.) runemark ex Melderis
9
swamp and ruderal vegetation in the surroundings of Ploče,
near the mouth of the Neretva river and near the Baćina lakes
eN; sP (Topić et al., 1996); Banks of the velika Neretva, southeast of
Ploče (Topić et al., 1996); Neretva river Delta (Topić in
Nikolić & Topić, 2005; Jasprica in alegro et al., 2010)
Echinochloa crus-galli (l.) P.Beauv.
Eleocharis carniolica koch
8
x
Dittrichia viscosa (l.) Greuter
Edraianthus tenuifolius (waldst. et kit.) a.
DC.
7
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954)
Diplotaxis tenuifolia (l.) DC.
Echinophora spinosa l.
6
Marshland and aquatic vegetation of Neretva river, canals and lakes
kuti, Modro oko, Baćina and spring Norin (Topić,1995), Neretva river
Delta (Trinajstić, 2002)
Desmazeria rigida (l.) Tutin
Ecballium elaterium (l.) a. rich.
5
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954)
Dasypyrum villosum (l.) P.Candargy
Dorycnium rectum (l.) ser.
4
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949, 1954); Neretva river Delta
vu; sP (alegro in Nikolić & Topić, 2005; Jasprica in alegro et al.,
2010)
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949, 1954); Marshland and
aquatic vegetation of Neretva river, canals and lakes kuti,
vu
Modro oko, Baćina and spring Norin (Topić,1995); Neretva
river Delta (alegro in Nikolić & Topić, 2005; Jasprica in
alegro et al., 2010); Baćina (Trinajstić, 2002)
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954); Neretva river Delta
vu; sP (alegro in Nikolić & Topić, 2005; Jasprica in alegro et al.,
2010)
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954); Neretva river Delta
vu (DD)
(alegro in Nikolić & Topić, 2005)
Dactylis glomerata l.
Daucus carota l.
3
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949, 1954); Neretva river Delta
(alegro in Nikolić & Topić, 2005)
Cyperus flavescens l. forma monostachyus
Cyperus fuscus l.
2
Neretva river Delta (Trinajstić, 2002)
x
173
Taxa
Ephedra fragilis Desf. ssp. campylopoda (C.
a. Mayer) asch. et Graeb.
CONservaTION
sTaTus aND
OTher
reMarks
Nat. Croat. Vol. 24(2), 2015
localities (lOC)
1
NT
2
3
x
x
Equisetum fluviatile l.
Equisetum hyemale l.
4
5
7
x
8
x
x
x
Cr; sP
Neretva (kumbarić in Nikolić & Topić, 2005)
Erodium acaule (l.) Becherer et Thell.
x
Erodium cicutarium (l.) Ľ hér.
x
Erodium malacoides (l.) Ľ hér.
x
x
x
x
Erophila verna agg.
x
Eryngium amethistinum l.
x
x
x
Eryngium campestre l.
x
Erysimum odoratum ehrh.
x
Eupatorium cannabinum l.
x
Euphorbia characias l. ssp. wulfenii (hoppe
ex koch) a. M. sm.
x
Euphorbia exigua l.
x
x
x
x
x
Euphorbia falcata l.
x
x
x
x
Euphorbia fragifera Jan
Euphorbia helioscopia l.
x
x
x
x
x
x
Euphorbia palustris l.
x
Euphorbia peplus l.
x
Euphorbia spinosa l.
x
x
x
x
Fallopia convolvulus (l.) Á.löve
x
x
x
x
Neretva river Delta (Trinajstić, 2002)
Festuca arundinacea schreb.
x
Festuca pratensis huds.
x
Ficus carica l.
x
Filaginella uliginosa (l.) Opiz
x
x
x
x
x
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954)
Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
x
x
Frangula alnus Mill.
x
x
Frangula rupestris (scop.) schur.
x
Fraxinus angustifolia vahl
x
Fraxinus ornus l.
Fritillaria messanensis raf. ssp. gracilis
(ebel) rix
Fumana ericoides (Cav.) Gand.
Fumaria capreolata l.
9
x
VU; SP
Equisetum palustre l.
Eriophorum angustifolium honck
6
x
x
x
x
vu; sP
x
x
x
x
x
10
Glasnović, P. et al.: Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of the Neretva River Delta (Croatia)
Taxa
CONservaTION
sTaTus aND
OTher
reMarks
174
Fumaria officinalis l.
Fimbristylis bisumbellata (forssk.) Bubani
Cr; sP
Fimbristylis illyrica M.G.
localities (lOC)
1
2
3
x
x
x
4
5
6
7
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti, Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
Galium rotundifolium l.
x
sP
x
Geranium columbinum l.
x
x
Geranium dissectum l.
x
Geranium lucidum l.
Geranium purpureum vill.
x
Geranium pusillum Burm. f.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
sP
vu; sP
x
Neretva river Delta (Šegulja in Nikolić & Topić, 2005)
x
x
Neretva river Delta (Trinajstić, 2002; Jasprica, 2007)
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949, 1954); aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti,
Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
Halimione portulacoides (l.) aellen
x
Hedera helix l.
x
x
x
Hedypnois cretica (l.) Dum.Cours.
x
x
x
x
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
IAS
Helichrysum italicum (roth) G.Don
x
Helictotrichon convolutum (C.Presl) henrard
x
x
Herniaria hirsuta l.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Hesperis laciniata All.
Hippocrepis comosa l.
x
Hippocrepis unisiliquosa l.
Hippuris vulgaris l.
x
x
Helianthemum nummularium (l.) Mill.
Helianthus tuberosus l.
x
VU; SP
Glycyrrhiza echinata l.
Gratiola officinalis l.
x
x
x
Glechoma hirsuta waldst. et kit.
Glyceria plicata (fr.) fr.
x
x
x
Geranium rotundifolium l.
Gladiolus illyricus w.D.J.koch
x
x
Geranium robertianum l.
Glaucium flavum Crantz
10
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949, 1954); aquatic vegetation of
lakes kuti, Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995); Neretva
river Delta (Topić in Nikolić & Topić, 2005)
Galium corrudifolium vill.
Genista sylvestris scop. ssp. dalmatica (Bartl.)
h. lindb.
9
Neretva river Delta (lovrić et al., 1988; rac & al, 1988)
Galium aparine l.
Galium palustre l.
8
x
x
EN; SP
x
175
Taxa
Hordeum hystrix roth (syn. Hordeum
maritimum ssp. gussoneanum (Parl.) asch. et
Graebn.)
Hordeum marinum huds.
CONservaTION
sTaTus aND
OTher
reMarks
Nat. Croat. Vol. 24(2), 2015
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
sP
vegetation of coastal muds at the Neretva river mouth
(Topić, 1995)
vu; sP
Neretva river Delta (alegro in Nikolić & Topić, 2005)
Hordeum murinum l. ssp. leporinum (link)
Arcang.
Hordeum secalinum schreb.
localities (lOC)
x
x
x
x
eN
Neretva river Delta (alegro in Nikolić & Topić, 2005)
Hottonia palustris l.
eN; sP
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
Humulus lupulus l.
Marshland and aquatic vegetation of Neretva river, canals and lakes
kuti, Modro oko, Baćina and spring Norin (Topić,1995); Banks of the
velika Neretva, southeast of Ploče (Topić et al., 1996)
Hyacinthella dalmatica (Baker) Chouard
DD; SP
Hornungia petraea (l.) rchb.
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae l.
Hydrocotyle vulgaris l.
x
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949); aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti,
Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995); Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
Neretva river Delta (regula-Bevilacqua in Nikolić & Topić,
eN; sP
2005; Jasprica, 2007; Jasprica in alegro et al., 2010)
Hymenocarpos circinnatus (l.) savi
x
Hyparrhenia hirta (l.) stapf
x
Hypericum perforatum l.
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949, 1954)
Inula chritmoides l.
x
Inula verbascifolia (willd.) hausskn.
Iris pseudopallida Trinajstić
Juncus acutiflorus ehrh. ex hoffm.
Juncus acutus l.
x
sP
Juncus compressus Jacq.
Juncus conglomeratus l.
x
x
x
x
x
x
sP
x
x
x
x
x
DD; SP
x
x
x
Juncus articulatus l.
Juncus buffonius l.
x
x
Inula britannica l.
Iris pseudacorus l.
x
x
x
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949, 1954)
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954); aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti,
Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954); aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti,
Modro oko and Bačina (Topić,1995)
aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti, Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
Juncus effusus l.
x
Juncus inflexus l.
x
Juncus maritimus lam.
Juniperus oxycedrus l. ssp. oxycedrus
x
x
Juniperus phoenicea l.
x
x
Kickxia elatinae (l.) Dumort.
x
x
x
x
x
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954)
Koeleria sp.
x
Lactuca serriola l.
x
x
x
x
Glasnović, P. et al.: Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of the Neretva River Delta (Croatia)
Taxa
CONservaTION
sTaTus aND
OTher
reMarks
176
localities (lOC)
1
Lagurus ovatus l.
x
Lamium amplexicaule l.
x
2
3
4
5
6
7
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Lathyrus cicera l.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Laurus nobilis l.
x
Lavatera cretica l.
x
Legousia hybrida (l.) Delarbre
x
x
Lemna minor l.
Lens nigricans (M.Bieb.)Godr.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti, Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
x
x
x
aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti, Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
Leontodon hispidus l. var. glabratus
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954)
Leucojum aestivum l.
Limonium angustifolium (Tausch)Degen
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949); aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti,
Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
Leontodon crispus vill.
Leontodon hispidus l.
x
x
Lathyrus sphaericus retz.
Leontodon autumnalis l.
x
x
Limonium cancellatum (Bernh. ex Bertol.)
kuntze
x
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
Linaria vulgaris Mill.
Neretva river Delta (Trinajstić, 2002)
Lithospermum arvense l.
x
Lolium rigidum Gaudin ssp. rigidum Gaudin
x
Lolium rigidum Gaudin ssp. lepturoides
(Boiss.) sennen et Mauricio
x
x
Lophochloa cristata (l.) hyl.
x
x
Lotus corniculatus l.
x
Lotus ornithopodioides l.
x
Lotus glaber Mill.
Lunaria annua l.
x
x
x
x
x
Marshland and aquatic vegetation of Neretva river, canals and lakes
kuti, Modro oko, Bačina and spring Norin (Topić,1995)
x
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949, 1954)
x
x
Luzula campestris (l.) DC.
Lycopus europaeus l.
Lysimachia nummularia l.
x
x
Lotus uliginosus schkuhr
Ludwigia palustris (l.) elliott
10
x
Lathyrus aphaca l.
Lemna trisulca l.
9
x
Lamium purpureum l.
Lathyrus setifolius l.
8
x
x
x
x
177
Taxa
CONservaTION
sTaTus aND
OTher
reMarks
Nat. Croat. Vol. 24(2), 2015
localities (lOC)
1
Lythrum hyssopifolia l.
2
3
x
eN
6
7
x
x
Marrubium vulgare l.
x
x
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949, 1954); Neretva river Delta
(Jasprica in alegro et al., 2010)
vu
x
x
Medicago disciformis DC.
x
Medicago lupulina l.
x
Medicago minima (l.) Bartal.
x
Medicago orbicularis (l.) Bartal.
x
x
x
x
x
x
Medicago rigidula l. (all.)
x
Medicago sativa l.
x
Melica ciliata l.
x
Melilotus italica (l.) lam.
x
vegetation of coastal muds at the Neretva river mouth (Topić, 1995);
Neretva river Delta (Trinajstić, 2002)
Mentha aquatica l.
x
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949, 1954); aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti,
Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
Mercurialis annua l.
x
x
x
x
x
Micromeria juliana (l.) Benth. ex rchb
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Minuartia mediterranea (link.) k. Malý
Myriophyllum sp.
x
x
x
x
x
x
Misopates orontium (l.) raf.
Moltkia petraea (Tratt.) Griseb.
10
x
x
Medicago arabica (l.) huds.
Mentha pulegium l.
9
x
x
Marrubium incanum Desr.
Melilotus officinalis (l.) lam.
8
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954)
Malva sylvestris l.
Marsilea quadrifolia l.
5
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954)
Lythrum salicaria l.
Lythrum tribracteatum salzm. ex spreng.
4
x
sP
x
x
Muscari neglectum Guss ex Ten.
x
Muscari botryoides (l.) Mill.
x
Muscari comosum (l.) Mill.
x
Myosotis arvensis (l.) hill
x
x
x
x
Myosotis ramosissima rochel
DD; SP
Myriophyllum spicatum l.
aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti, Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995);
Opuzen (Trinajstić, 2002)
Myriophyllum verticillatum l.
Najas graminea Delile
Najas marina l.
x
x
x
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949)
Neretva river Delta (lovrić & al, 1988; rac et al., 1988)
aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti, Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
Glasnović, P. et al.: Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of the Neretva River Delta (Croatia)
Taxa
CONservaTION
sTaTus aND
OTher
reMarks
178
localities (lOC)
1
2
3
4
5
Nasturtium officinale r. Br.
7
8
x
x
x
x
Nuphar lutea sibth. et sm.
10
x
Nymphaea alba l.
x
Nymphaea lotus l. forma thermalis
(DC.) Tuzson
Neretva river Delta (lovrić & al, 1988; rac et al., 1988)
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949, 1954); aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti,
Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
Oenanthe silaifolia M. Bieb.
x
Olea europea l.
x
x
Ononis ornithopodioides l.
x
Ononis reclinata l.
x
Onosma echioides l.
sP
Ophrys apifera huds
eN; sP
Ophrys scolopax Cav.
DD; SP
x
Ophrys sphaegodes Mill.
vu; sP
x
x
x
Ploče (Jasprica in Nikolić & Topić, 2005)
x
Opopanax chironium (l.) koch
x
x
Opuntia vulgaris Miller
x
Orchis coriophora l.
vu; sP
Neretva river Delta (vrbek in Nikolić & Topić, 2005)
Orchis italica Poir.
eN; sP
Orchis laxiflora lam.
NT; sP
Orchis morio l.
NT; SP
x
Orchis provincialis Balb. ssp. pauciflora (Ten.)
DD; SP
Camus
x
Orchis purpurea huds.
vu; sP
Orchis quadripunctata Cirillo ex Ten.
VU; SP
Orchis tridentata scop.
VU; SP
x
x
x
x
x
x
Orlaya grandiflora (l.) hoffm.
x
x
x
Ornithogalum gussonei Ten.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Orobanche mutelii f.w.schultz
x
Orobanche alba stephan ex willd.
x
Orobanche minor sm.
x
Orobanche ramosa l.
x
Ostrya carpinifolia scop.
Osyris alba l.
9
x
Nigella damascena l.
Nymphoides peltata (s. G. Gmelin) kuntze
6
x
x
Oxalis corniculata l.
x
Paliurus spina-christi Mill.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
179
Taxa
CONservaTION
sTaTus aND
OTher
reMarks
Nat. Croat. Vol. 24(2), 2015
Pallenis spinosa (l.) Cass.
localities (lOC)
1
2
3
4
Paspalum paspalodes (Michx.) scribn.
Periploca graeca l.
x
10
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Neretva river Delta (Trinajstić, 2002; Jasprica, 2007)
IAS
eN; sP
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Marshland and aquatic vegetation of Neretva river, canals and lakes
kuti, Modro oko, Baćina and spring Norin (Topić,1995); Banks of the
velika Neretva, southeast of Ploče (Topić et al., 1996)
x
x
x
x
x
Phleum echinatum host
x
x
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex steud
x
x
x
Picris hieracioides l.
x
Picris hispidissima (Bartl.) koch
Neretva river Delta (Trinajstić, 2002)
Pinus halepensis Mill.
x
Pinus pinea l.
x
x
x
Piptatherum miliaceum (l.) Coss.
x
Pistacia lentiscus l.
x
x
Pistacia terebinthus l.
x
x
x
Plantago afra l.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Plantago coronopus l.
x
Plantago holosteum scop.
x
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
Cr
vegetation of coastal muds at the Neretva river mouth
(Topić, 1995)
Plantago lanceolata l.
x
Plantago major l.
x
Plantago major l. forma pauciflora (hayek)
Pilger
x
x
x
x
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954)
Poa annua l.
x
Poa bulbosa l.
x
x
x
x
x
x
Poa pratensis l.
x
Poa trivialis l. ssp. sylvicola (Guss.) h.
lindb.
x
Polycarpon tetraphyllum (l.) l.
x
Polygala nicaensis risso ex koch
9
lower Neretva (horvatić 1949, 1954; hodak, 1956); aquatic vegetation
of lakes kuti, Modro oko and Bačina (Topić,1995)
Phillyrea latifolia l.
Plantago indica l.
8
x
Petrorhagia saxifraga (l.) link
Phalaris arundinacea l.
7
VU; SP
Parietaria judaica l.
Paspalum distychum l.
6
x
Papaver rhoeas l.
Parapholis incurva (l.) C .e. hubb.
5
x
x
Glasnović, P. et al.: Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of the Neretva River Delta (Croatia)
Taxa
Polygonum aviculare l.
CONservaTION
sTaTus aND
OTher
reMarks
180
localities (lOC)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Polygonum lapathifolium l.
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954)
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954)
Polygonum lapathifolium L. ssp. incanum
(f.w.schmidt) schubl. et Mart.
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954)
10
vegetation of coastal muds at the Neretva river mouth (Topić, 1995)
Polypodium cambricum l.
x
Populus alba l.
Populus nigra l. forma italica
9
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954); vegetation of coastal muds at the
Neretva river mouth (Topić, 1995)
Polygonum persicaria l.
Polypogon maritimus willd.
8
x
Neretva river Delta (Trinajstić, 2002)
aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti, Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
Populus nigra l.
x
x
Potamogeton crispus l.
aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti, Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
Potamogeton gramineus l.
aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti, Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
Potamogeton lucens l.
x
Potamogeton nodosus Poir.
x
Potamogeton perfoliatus l.
aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti, Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
Potamogeton siculus Tineo
Neretva river Delta (lovrić et al., 1988; rac et al., 1988)
Potentilla recta l.
x
Potentilla reptans l.
x
Prasium majus l.
Prunella vulgaris l.
x
x
x
Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum (l.) hilliard et
B.l.Burtt
Pulicaria dysenterica (l.) Bernh.
x
x
x
x
NT
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954); Marshland and aquatic vegetation of
Neretva river, canals and lakes kuti, Modro oko, Baćina and spring
Norin (Topić,1995)
Neretva river Delta (Trinajstić, 2002)
Punica granatum l.
x
x
x
x
Pyrus amygdaliformis vill.
x
x
x
x
Quercus ilex l.
x
x
Quercus pubescens willd.
x
x
Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
Ranunculus acris l.
Ranunculus ficaria l.
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954)
Pulicaria odora (l.) rchb.
Ranunculus chius DC.
x
aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti, Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
Prunus mahaleb l.
Puccinellia fasciculata (Torr.) Bicknell
x
x
x
x
181
Taxa
CONservaTION
sTaTus aND
OTher
reMarks
Nat. Croat. Vol. 24(2), 2015
Ranunculus lingua l.
eN; sP
Ranunculus ophioglossifolius vill.
eN; sP
localities (lOC)
1
2
3
4
5
6
x
x
x
x
x
Reichardia picroides (l.) roth
x
x
x
x
x
x
Reseda lutea l.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Reseda phyteuma l.
Rhagadiolus stellatus (l.) Gaertn.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Rhamnus saxatilis Jacq.
x
Rorippa pyrenaica (lam.) reichenb.
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954); aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti,
Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
x
Rosa canina agg.
Rosa sempervirens l.
x
Rubia peregrina l.
x
x
x
x
Rumex crispus l.
x
Rumex pulcher l.
x
x
x
Rubus ulmifolius schott
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
sP
x
x
Neretva river Delta (lovrić et al., 1988; rac et al., 1988)
Ruscus aculeatus l.
x
Ruta chalepensis l.
x
x
x
x
x
Salicornia europaea l.
x
Salix alba l.
x
Salix caprea l.
Salix cinerea l.
x
Marshland and aquatic vegetation of Neretva river, canals and lakes
kuti, Modro oko, Baćina and spring Norin (Topić,1995)
Salix fragilis l.
x
x
Salix purpurea l.
x
Salsola kali l.
NT; sP
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
Salsola soda l.
NT; sP
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
Salvia bertolonii vis.
Salvia officinalis l.
10
x
Ranunculus sardous Crantz
Ruppia cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande
9
x
x
Ranunculus repens l.
Rorippa sylvestris (l.) Besser
8
Marshland and aquatic vegetation of Neretva river, canals
and lakes kuti, Modro oko, Baćina and spring Norin
(Topić,1995); Neretva river Delta (liber in Nikolić & Topić,
2005; Jasprica in alegro et al., 2010)
Neretva river Delta (Jelaska in Nikolić & Topić, 2005;
Jasprica in alegro et al., 2010)
Ranunculus millefoliatus vahl.
Ranunculus neapolitanus Ten.
7
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
x
x
x
x
Glasnović, P. et al.: Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of the Neretva River Delta (Croatia)
Taxa
CONservaTION
sTaTus aND
OTher
reMarks
182
localities (lOC)
1
2
3
4
Salvia verbenaca l.
Samolus valerandi l.
6
x
7
8
x
x
9
10
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954); aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti,
Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995); Blaca (Trinajstić, 2002)
Satureja montana l.
x
Saxifraga tridactylites l.
x
Scabiosa ucrainica l.
5
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
vegetation of coastal muds at the Neretva river mouth (Topić, 1995)
Scandix pecten-veneris l.
NT
Scirpus holoschoenus l.
NT
Scirpus holoschoenus l. var. australis W.D.J.
koch
x
x
x
x
x
Neretva river Delta (lovrić & al, 1988; rac & al, 1988)
Scirpus lacustris l. ssp. lacustris
lower Neretva (horvatič, 1949); Marshland and aquatic vegetation of
Neretva river, canals and lakes kuti, Modro oko, Baćina and spring
Norin (Topić,1995); Baćina (Trinajstić, 2002)
Scirpus lacustris l. ssp. tabernaemontani
(C.C.Gmel.) syme
DD; SP
Scirpus maritimus l.
NT
x
x
x
Scirpus maritimus l. f. compactus (hoffm.)
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954)
Scirpus mucronatus l.
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica in alegro et al., 2010)
Scorpiurus muricatus l.
x
x
Scorzonera villosa scop.
x
Scrophularia canina l.
x
x
x
x
Scrophularia nodosa l.
Securigera cretica (l.) lassen
x
x
Securigera securidaca (l.) Degen et Dörfl.
x
x
x
Sedum hispanicum l.
Sedum ochroleucum Chaix
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Sedum telephium l. ssp. maximum (l.)
krock.
x
Senecio vulgaris l.
x
x
sP
x
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
Sesleria autumnalis (scop.) f.w.schultz
x
Sesleria robusta schott, Nyman et kotschy
Setaria pumila (Poir.) schult.
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954); Neretva river Delta (Trinajstić, 2002)
Setaria verticillata (l.) P.Beauv.
Sherardia arvensis l.
x
x
Sedum rubens l.
Seseli tomentosum vis.
x
x
x
x
Silene conica l.
x
Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke
x
Sisymbrium officinale l. scop.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
183
Taxa
CONservaTION
sTaTus aND
OTher
reMarks
Nat. Croat. Vol. 24(2), 2015
localities (lOC)
1
Sium latifolium l.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949)
Smilax aspera l.
x
x
x
Sonchus arvensis l.
x
x
x
Sonchus asper (l.) hill
x
x
Sonchus maritimus l.
x
x
x
Sonchus oleraceus l.
x
x
x
x
x
Neretva river Delta (Trinajstić, 2002)
Sonchus palustris l.
Marshland and aquatic vegetation of Neretva river, canals and lakes
kuti, Modro oko, Baćina and spring Norin (Topić,1995); Banks of the
velika Neretva, southeast of Ploče (Topić et al., 1996)
Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench
aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti, Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
Sparganium erectum l.
Marshland and aquatic vegetation of Neretva river, canals and lakes
kuti, Modro oko, Baćina and spring Norin (Topić,1995); Neretva river
Delta (Jasprica, 2007); Baćina (Trinajstić, 2002)
Spartium junceum l.
x
x
x
Spergularia salina J. Presl et C. Presl
vegetation of coastal muds at the Neretva river mouth (Topić, 1995)
Spirodela polyrhiza (l.) schleiden
aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti, Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
Stachys cretica l.
Stachys menthifolia vis.
x
x
x
x
x
vina (south of vrgorac) (30-130 m) and Plina near Ploče (60 m)
(Šilić & Šolić, 2002)
sP
Stachys spinulosa sibth.et sm.
x
Stellaria neglecta weihe, Bluff et fingerh.
x
Succisella petteri (J.kern. et Murb.) Beck
DD; sP
Suaeda maritima (l.) Dumort.
vegetation of coastal muds at the Neretva river mouth (Topić,
vu; sP
1995); Neretva river Delta (kovačić in Nikolić & Topić, 2005)
lower Neretva river (lovrić et al., 1988)
Symphytum officinale l.
x
Symphytum tuberosum l.
x
Tamarix sp.
x
Tamarix dalmatica Baum
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
Tamus communis l.
Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) sch.Bip.
x
Teucrium arduini l.
Teucrium chamaedrys l.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Neretva river Delta (lovrić et al., 1988; rac et al., 1988)
DD; sP
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Teucrium montanum l.
Teucrium polium l.
Teucrium scordium l.
Theligonum cynocrambe l.
x
sP
Taraxacum officinale agg.
Taraxacum tenuifolium hoppe
x
x
x
x
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949, 1954); aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti,
Modro oko and Baćina (Topić,1995)
x
x
x
x
x
Glasnović, P. et al.: Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of the Neretva River Delta (Croatia)
Taxa
Thelypteris palustris schott
CONservaTION
sTaTus aND
OTher
reMarks
184
localities (lOC)
1
2
4
5
6
7
x
Tordylium apulum l.
x
x
Tragopogon dubius scop.
x
Trifolium angustifolium l.
x
Trifolium arvense l.
x
Trifolium campestre schreber
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949, 1954); aquatic vegetation of lakes kuti,
Modro oko and Baćina and vegetation of coastal muds at the Neretva
river mouth (Topić, 1995)
x
Trifolium pratense l.
x
Trifolium repens l.
x
x
vu; sP
x
Trifolium scabrum l.
x
Trifolium stellatum l.
x
Trifolium striatum l.
x
Trifolium subterraneum l.
x
x
x
x
x
x
Trifolium tomentosum l.
x
x
x
x
x
x
Neretva river Delta (lovrić et al., 1988; rac et al., 1988)
Trigonella esculenta willd.
x
x
x
x
NT
x
x
Typha angustifolia l.
x
Typha domingensis (Pers.) steud.
Neretva river Delta (lovrić et al., 1988; rac et al., 1988)
Typha latifolia l.
x
Umbilicus horizontalis (Guss.) DC.
x
Urospermum picroides (l.) scop. ex
f.w.schmidt
x
x
x
x
Valantia muralis l.
x
x
x
Triglochin laxiflorum Guss.
Utricularia australis r. Br.
10
x
x
Trifolium nigrescens viv.
Tulipa sylvestris l.
9
x
Tragopogon porrifolius l.
Trifolium resupinatum l.
8
Marshland and aquatic vegetation of Neretva river, canals and lakes
kuti, Modro oko, Baćina and spring Norin (Topić,1995)
Thymus longicaulis C.Presl
Trifolium fragiferum l.
3
x
sP
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Valeriana tuberosa l.
x
x
x
Valerianella carinata loisel.
x
Valerianella dentata f. dasycarpa (l.) Pollich
x
Valerianella locusta (l.) laterrade
x
Valerianella muricata (stiven ex M. Bieb.)
J.w.loudon
x
x
x
185
Taxa
Vallisneria spiralis l.
CONservaTION
sTaTus aND
OTher
reMarks
Nat. Croat. Vol. 24(2), 2015
localities (lOC)
1
2
3
4
5
sP
6
7
x
Verbascum blattaria l.
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
Verbascum sinuatum l.
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
Verbascum thapsus l.
x
Verbena officinalis l.
x
Veronica anagallis-aquatica l.
x
Veronica anagalloides Guss.
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1949)
Veronica arvensis l.
x
Veronica austriaca l. ssp. jacquinii (Baumg.)
eb.fisch.
x
x
x
x
Veronica beccabunga l.
x
x
lower Neretva (horvatić, 1954)
Veronica cymbalaria Bodard
x
IAS
x
x
Viburnum tinus l.
x
Vicia cracca l.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Vicia grandiflora scop.
x
x
Vicia hirsuta (l.) Gray
x
Vicia hybrida l.
x
x
Vicia loisleurii (M. Bieb.) litv.
x
x
Vicia melanops sm.
x
Vicia parviflora Cav.
sP
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Vicia serratifolia Jacq.
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik. ssp.
adriaticum (Beck) Markgr.
Viola suavis M.Bieb. ssp. adriatica (freyn)
haesler
10
x
Verbascum pulverulentum vill.
Vicia sativa l.
9
x
Verbascum phoeniceum l.
Veronica persica Poir.
8
x
sP
x
sP
x
Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007)
Viola arvensis Murray
x
Vitex agnus-castus l.
x
Vitis vinifera l.
x
Vulpia ciliata Dumort.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Vulpia fasciculata (forssk.) samp.
NT
x
Xanthium strumarium l. ssp. italicum
(Moretti) D.löve
IAS
x
Zannichellia palustris l.
Neretva river Delta (lovrić et al., 1988; rac et al., 1988)
186
Glasnović, P. et al.: Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of the Neretva River Delta (Croatia)
DIsCussION
although the flora and vegetation of the Neretva river Delta is relatively well studied, no comprehensive check-list of vascular flora exists so far. Jasprica (2010), who
extensively studied the flora and the vegetation of this area in recent years, reported that
about 820 taxa were present. flora and vegetation of aquatic habitats are especially
well-known (horvatić, 1954; lovrić & rac, 1987; lovrić & rac, 1988; Topić, 1995; Jasprica & Buntić, 2003; Jasprica & kovačić, 2005; Trinajstić, 2002), while knowledge
about floral and vegetation diversity of terrestrial habitats, especially in the rocky karstic
surrounding, is still poor (Jasprica, 2007).
Our work aimed to get information about the floral diversity of different habitats
inside the delta region and on its outskirts. we recorded 458 taxa at 10 different localities, which represent more than half of the number reported by Jasprica (2010). since
we were limited to a short period at the end of the month of april, our data represents
only a part of all potential floristic data. Taxa with flowering period in the winter or in
late summer were recorded only if determination was possible according to their vegetative parts or remnants of inflorescence. During the period of our investigation we were
able to observe the flowering maximum of therophytes and orchids, which is typical for
the Mediterranean regions.
The presence of rare and threatened species and habitats led to the inclusion of this
area in the list of 92 important plant areas of Croatia. The nature conservation value of
the Neretva river Delta also is accentuated by our results. The great majority of natural
or semi-natural habitat types that we recorded are considered of european community
importance and thus have to be included in the Natura 2000 network. even though some
of these habitats remain only in fragments due to past transformation, the area is still of
extreme importance for their conservation since lowland wet environments are rare in
the eastern adriatic coast. The floristic diversity also points to the importance of this
area. During our field work we noted 39 plant species listed as strictly Protected in the
Nature Protection law of Croatia (Tab. 2). The area also harbours several species included in the red book of vascular flora of Croatia (Nikolić & Topić (eds.), 2005). we recorded five endangered (eN) taxa: Carex extensa, Cynanchum acutum, Hippuris vulgaris,
Orchis italica, Periploca graeca; 10 vulnerable (v) taxa: Carex riparia, Equisetum hyemale,
Fritillaria messanensis ssp. gracilis, Glyceria plicata, Ophrys sphaegodes, Orchis purpurea, Orchis quadripunctata, Orchis tridentata, Parapholis incurva, Trifolium resupinatum; 11 Near
threatened (NT): Arum nigrum, Cyclamen repandum, Ephedra fragilis ssp. campylopoda, Orchis laxiflora, Orchis morio, Puccinellia fasciculata, Scandix pecten-veneris, Scirpus holoschoenus, Scirpus maritimus, Tulipa sylvestris, Vulpia fasciculata. additionally, six taxa are regarded as Data deficient (DD). The major threat to vascular plant taxa in Croatia is habitat
loss (Nikolić & Topić (eds.), 2005). In the last century, the Neretva river Delta was subjected to major changes and many freshwater habitats were turned into agricultural
land. however, the majority (12) of conservation-concern taxa that we recorded can be
associated with different categories of semi-natural grassland habitats. These are habitats
that considerably contribute to the biological and landscape diversity of the region (radović, 2000) but were largely subjected to overgrowing in the last decades due to land
abandonment and new agricultural practices (Topić in herceg, 2008). another group of
habitats, subjected to past changes are marine and saline habitats. During our survey,
eight conservation-concern taxa thriving in these habitats were noted. for some of them,
for example Periploca graeca, the Neretva river Delta is one of the few known localities
Nat. Croat. Vol. 24(2), 2015
187
in Croatia. fresh water habitats also harbour an important number of species of conservation concern. although we report only about 6 of them, the flora and vegetation of
those habitats are relatively well studied and much more data has been published.
additionally we gathered records for 151 taxa from different literature sources that
we did not confirm during our fieldwork. The majority of available sources report about research on the vegetation and flora of aquatic habitats. some authors report about
taxa that were not considered in recent conservation revisions, for example, horvatić
(1954) reports on Apium repens, a species of european conservation concern included in
the II annex of the habitat Directive.
we recorded only tree invasive alien species: Ailanthus altissima, Veronica persica and
Xanthium strumarium ssp. italicum. vreš (1996), smital et al. (1998), Trinajstić (2002) and
Jasprica (2007) reportedon numerous invasive alien species (see Table 3) that already
have had an impact on habitats, especially those altered by human activity. since the
majority of european neophytes are late summer- or autumn-flowering species, a targeted survey in that period would be greatly appreciated and would probably reveal
the state of the art.
endemic species have an important role in the biogeographical characterization of
an area since they are often suitable objects in studying the geographical history of flora
in a region. although endemic species are not necessarily rare or endangered, they
usually play an important role in nature conservation strategies. some endemics have a
small range, while others can be found on larger geographically defined areas. There
are no strict endemic species of the Neretva river Delta (Jasprica, 2007). southern Dalmatia, within the central and coastal Dinarides is characterized by a large number of
species that could be identified as endemic. Only a few of them are wetland species. for
example, Chouardia litardierei (Breistr.) speta and Edraianthus dalmaticus (a.DC.) a.DC.
are endemic to the karstic poljes of internal Dinarides. None of them were found during
our survey or known from literature data in the studied area. lovrić et al. (1988) report
on Chouardia litardierei from the lower Neretva. The exact location for this record is
unknown; moreover it is not even clear whether the data correspond to Croatia or to
Bosnia and hercegovina. all endemics found in our survey are species thriving in terrestrial habitats, mainly rocky habitats and grasslands. some of them are endemics restricted to a limited area of the central and southern coastal Dinarides (Genista sylvestris ssp.
dalmatica, Hyacinthella dalmatica, Moltkia petraea, Iris pseudopallida, Tanacetum cinerariifolium, Vincetoxicum hirundinaria ssp. adriaticum), while some others have a wider range in
the Dinarides in some case partly penetrating into the alps, apennines or the hellenic
mountains (Campanula pyramidalis, Cardamine maritima, Euphorbia characias ssp. wulfenii,
Euphorbia fragifera, Fritillaria messanensis ssp. gracilis, Sesleria autumnalis) (Nikolić et al.,
2015).
CONClusIONs
Despite major past changes that led to the loss of many habitats, the Neretva river
Delta is still one of the most important areas for biodiversity conservation on the eastern
adriatic coast. This is emphasized by our results and by existing literature data. Major
efforts should be addressed to further research of the biodiversity of this area and for a
design of the most efficient conservation strategy.
188
Glasnović, P. et al.: Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of the Neretva River Delta (Croatia)
aCkNOwleDGMeNTs
This paper is a result of the fieldwork carried out during the “ekosistemi Jadrana“
field excursion, organized by the association of the students of Biology of the university of ljubljana. we would like to thank Nenad Jasprica for providing valuable literature, Boštjan surina for comments that improved our manuscript, Nejc Jogan and Tinka
Bačič for fieldwork advice and Živa fišer Pečnikar and Bojan lazar for proofreading.
we thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments.
Received July 9, 2014
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SUmmaRy
Prema stvaranju popisa vaskularne flore ušća rijeke Neretve (Hrvatska).
P. Glasnović, Š. Novak, s. Behrič & N. fujs
The last 22 km of the Neretva river Delta are inside Croatian territory (surface area of ca
120 km2), where it forms a large alluvial plain. This area is considered one of biggest and
most important wetland environments on the eastern adriatic coast. The Neretva river
Delta is listed in the ramsar Convention on wetlands of International Importance and considered one of the 96 important plant areas (IPa) of Croatia. In the paper we report on habi-
190
Glasnović, P. et al.: Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of the Neretva River Delta (Croatia)
tat and floristic diversity recorded during field work carried out in the late april of 2011. we
surveyed 10 localities where we identified 18 habitat types according to the Palearctic habitat classification, 12 of which are included in the annex I of the eu habitat Directive. In the
surveyed localities we recorded 458 different vascular plant taxa. we added 160 records from
literature sources to our data, which resulted in 618 identified (recorded) taxa for the study
region. a further analysis of the conservation importance of the area according to the presence of habitats and taxa of conservation concern, revealed a number of plant taxa included
in red Book of vascular flora of Croatia. five taxa are considered endangered (eN): Carex
extensa, Cynanchum acutum, Hippuris vulgaris, Orchis italica, Periploca graeca, ten are included
in the red book as vulnerable: Carex riparia, Equisetum hyemale, Fritillaria messanensis ssp.
gracilis, Glyceria plicata, Ophrys sphaegodes, Orchis purpurea, Orchis quadripunctata, Orchis tridentata, Parapholis incurva, Trifolium resupinatum, eleven as Near threatened (NT): Arum nigrum, Cyclamen repandum, Ephedra fragilis ssp. Campylopoda, Orchis laxiflora, Orchis morio,
Puccinellia fasciculata, Scandix pecten-veneris, Scirpus holoschoenus, Scirpus maritimus, Tulipa
sylvestris, Vulpia fasciculata, additionally six species are regarded as Data deficient (DD).we
recorded two invasive alien species: Ailanthus altissima and Xanthium strumarium ssp. italicum.
we also emphasized the importance of endemic species. some of them are endemics restricted to a limited area of central and southern coastal Dinarides (Genista sylvestris ssp. dalmatica, Hyacinthella dalmatica, Moltkia petraea, Iris pseudopallida, Tanacetum cinerariifolium, Vincetoxicum hirundinaria ssp. adriaticum), while some others have a wider range in the Dinarides
in some case partly penetrating in the alps, apennines or in the hellenic mountains (Campanula pyramidalis, Cardamine maritima, Euphorbia characias ssp. wulfenii, Euphorbia fragifera,
Fritillaria messanensis ssp. gracilis, Sesleria autumnalis).
natasa fujs