The Vegetation of Mount Nyiru (Samburu District, Kenya): A Checklist and Syntaxonomical Survey Author(s) :Benny Bytebier and Rainer W. Bussmann Source: Journal of East African Natural History, 89(1):45-71. 2000. Published By: Nature Kenya/East African Natural History Society DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2000)89[45:TVOMNS]2.0.CO;2 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/ full/10.2982/0012-8317%282000%2989%5B45%3ATVOMNS%5D2.0.CO%3B2 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. 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Bussmann Lehrstuhl fUr Pflanzenphysiologie, Universita.t Bayreuth D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany ceja.andina@gmx.de ABSTRACT The forests of Northern Kenya, and particularly of Mt Nyiru, have not been studied in detail, although they are extensive and play an important role in the life of the pastoralist corrnnunities surrounding them. Here, we present a checklist of the plants of Mount Nyiru and a syntaxonomic survey of the forest. Four hundred and thirty three taxa belonging to 284 genera and 102 families of higher plants are recorded. Thirty-nine taxa are new for the floral region Kl. A syntaxonomic survey of the area shows that most forests belonged to the Juniperetea procerae (Montane Xeromorphic Cedar Forests). The· Juniperion procerae, with the Faureo salignaeIlicetum mitis on the wet mountain tops, and the Myrsino africanae-Juniperetum procerae in drier areas, were most corrnnonly encountered. Interestingly, the top of Mt. Nyiru was covered with rather large stands of the Hagenietea abyssinicae (Subalpine Elfin Forests) but lacking Hagenia abyssinica itself, and extensive Sinarundinarietea alpinae (Bamboo Forests). INTRODUCTION The Northern Region of Kenya occupies nearly 50% of the land surface area of the country, yet it has only received marginal biological attention. For a long time, it was basically only visited by adventurers and big game hunters. The colonial name "Northern Frontier District" clearly illustrates this situation. It is still sparsely populated, and large parts are only accessible with difficulty. The few scientific studies that have been carried out in the North, mainly focused on its geological features (Shackleton, 1946; Dixey, 1948; Dodson, 1963; Randel, 1967). The first, more comprehensive scientific research project, was the Unesco-IPAL study of the 1970's. * Current Address: University of Stell enbosch. Biochemistry Department, Private Bag XI, 7602 Matieland, South Africa, bytebier@maties.sun.ac.za 46 B. Bytebier & R. W. Bussmann Geology The Northern Region consists of vast alluvial inland plains, inclining from altitudes of about 1200 m to the North of Mt. Kenya to barely 400 m around Lake Turkana. On the Southwest, a chain of mountains consisting of old cristallinic Precambrian basement rocks, mainly extremely durable gneisses and granites, borders the plains. For this reason, the steep Ndoto and Nyiru Ranges, reaching up to 2752 m, were left standing during the different erosion cycles influencing the region (Shackleton, 1946). Next to these, a series of Quarternary volcanic peaks, like Mt. Kulal (2285 m), Mt. Marsabit (1707 m) and the Huri Hills (1479 m), tower over the inland plains. In contrast to the soils of the plains, which consist mainly of Vertisols, Regosols, Lithosols and Cambisols, the mountain slopes are mainly covered with humic Acrisols over the basement formations, and deep, humic Andosols in volcanic areas (Mackel, 1986; Mackel & Schultka, 1983; Mackel & Walter, 1983). Climate According to the climatological classification of Jatzold (1977, 1981), the northern plains are part of the hot, arid tropical climate, with two short sub-humid seasons. Mean monthly temperatures range from 20-26°C in the plains, to 17-19°C in the mountains (Gatab, 1657 m). The average annual rainfall can be as low as 100-150 mm in the Hedad plain and Chalbi desert, rising to 500 mm in the valleys of the Nyiru and Ndoto mountains. In the mountain forest zone, a rainfall of about 1200 mm can be reached (Edwards et al., 1979). The main rainfall is concentrated in two wet seasons, from March to May and from October to December. However, extreme rainfall occurs, e.g. 175 mm in 6 hours in Gatab on Mt. Kulal (Mackel & Walter, 1983). Vegetation Most mountain areas in Northern Kenya, located between 36°40'-38°00'E and 01 °40'03°40'N, are covered with evergreen montane forest. They owe their existence to the humidity received from mist condensation and frequent cloud formation in the peak areas. Neumann (1898) after visiting the southern Turkana Region wrote: "The western face of Nyiru is.... topped with dark forests .... , and here and there hang waterfalls .... , filled with the outpourings of the heavy clouds which often cap the summit." Due to their enormous importance for water catchment (Synott, 1979), most mountain areas are gazetted as forest reserves. The extent of these reserves, however, does not really reflect the amount of land actually covered with forest. The Mt. Nyiru forest reserve measures a total of 45,496 ha of which barely 7,890 ha are covered with true forest (Beentje, 1990). The main reasons for forest destruction in the area are fires caused by honey-hunters and pastoralists, who burn the old grass at the start of the wet season. Others are overgrazing in the forest, and serving the firewood needs of a fast-growing population. Despite their importance, few studies have been conducted on the montane forests of Northern Kenya. Herlocker (1979) gives some general remarks on the vegetation of the area and Synnott (1979) reports briefly on their status, importance and protection. Only Mount Kulal has received marginally more attention (Hepper, 1983), and a plant checklist for this area was produced (Hepper et al., 1981). Based on 20 releves on this mountain, Schultka & Hilger (1983) distinguish mainly Olea hochstetteri-Cassipourea malosana and Olea africana-Juniperus procera forest. Synnot (1979) reports that much less is known on the Nyiru and Ndoto forests than on the Kulal and Marsabit forests. He provides a checklist for the trees and shrubs of Mount Nyiru, containing 35 species. White (1983) includes a short comment on the Marsabit Vegetation of Mt Nyiru: Checklist and Syntaxonomical Survey 47 region of Kenya and its afromontane forests, however mainly based on Synnott's observations from Mt. Kulal and Mt. Marsabit, without specific regard to Mt. Nyiru. Beentje (1990) mentions that the vegetation of Mount Nyiru is "mostly unknown". Although several collectors have visited the area, like J. Adamson (1947 and 1955), a. Kerfoot (1960), P.G. Archer (1971), J.B.C. Cameron (1972), G. Bono (1977), M. Ichikawa (1977) and M.G. Gilbert, F.N. Gachati and G.W. Gatheri (1978), no concerted effort has been made to compile the existing information. In the work presented here, the forests of Mt. Nyiru were studied in greater detail. A checklist is produced compiling our own with previous collections, and a detailed description of the vegetation texture of the forests, resulting in their syntaxonomic description according to Barkman et at. (1986), is given. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Collections The majority of plants were collected between 29 March 1995 and 2 April 1995 in the Collector Series Bytebier B., Mwangangi a.M., Kirika P., Waiganjo T., Newton M. & Bussmann R. W., abbreviated to Bytebier et at. in the checklist. All specimens were deposited at the East African Herbarium in Nairobi (EA), with duplicates at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K) and the National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Meise (BR). Bussmann returned several times at a later date and his specimens (Collector Series Bussmann R. W.) are deposited at the Bayreuth University Herbarium. Based on identification lists from the EA archives, we retrieved herbarium specimens previously collected. All specimens were entered in the Brahms (Botanical Research And Herbarium Management System) database. Nomenclature The nomenclature of plant families follows Bamps (1976), and in particular the available parts of the Flora of Tropical East Africa (FTEA, Turril et at., 1952-1998). The nomenclature of genera and species of Pteridophytes, Monocotyledones and Dicotyledones follows the new edition of "Upland Kenya Wild Flowers" (Agnew & Agnew 1994). The genus Sinarundinaria was treated according to Chao & Renvoize (1989). Cyperaceae and Juncaceae are named according to Haines & Lye (1983), Gramineae according to Phillips (1995). The nomenclature of trees and shrubs is according to "Kenya Trees, Shrubs and Lianas" (Beentje, 1995). Releves During 1995-1996, 48 releves were established and analyzed according to the methods of Braun-Blanquet (1964) and Mueller-Dombois & Ellenberg (1974), as slightly modified by Hammen et at. (1989). For a comprehensive description of the sampling methodology see Bussmann (1994), Bussmann & Beck (1995a) and Hammen et at. (1989). 48 B. Bytebier & R. W. Bussmann RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Higher plants checklist The checklist presented in Appendix 1 is based on the following collections and a few scattered collections leading to a total of 679 specimens, plus a few sight records by Bussmann RW. Adamson J Archer PG Bono G Bussmann RW Bytebier et al. CameronJBC Gilbert MG, Gachati FN and Gatheri GW IchikawaM Kerfoot a 28 specimens 20 specimens 39 specimens 45 specimens 325 specimens 37 specimens 18 specimens 5 specimens 156 specimens 1947 & 1955/56 1971 1977 1995/96 1995 1972 1978 1977 1960 A total of 433 taxa belonging to 284 genera and 102 families are now on record. Amongst the 433 taxa there are 40 pteridophytes, 2 gymnosperms, 335 dicots and 56 monocots. Thirty-nine taxa from our own collections were previously not recorded from the floral region Kl. They are indicated in the checklist as First Record for Kl. The families best represented were Compositae (37 species), Leguminosae (34 species), Gramineae (20 species), Labiatae (18 species), Rubiaceae (16 species), Adiantaceae (12 species), Acanthaceae (12 species), Malvaceae (12 species) and Aspleniaceae (11 species). Forest types on Mt. Nyiru A detailed phytosociological description of the forests ofMt. Nyiru, as well as other Northern Kenyan forest areas is included in Bussmann (in press), thus we present here an abbreviated floristical description of the forest types encountered. Montane Xeromorphic Cedar Forests (Juniperetea /-etalia BUSSMANN 1994) In the dry regions of Northern Kenya, closed forests are always restricted to mountain areas and hilltops, where mist condensation leads to more humid conditions. All forests encountered clearly belong to the Montane Xeromorphic Cedar Forests. Species such as Geranium arabicum and Achyranthes aspera were commonly growing in the ground layer, together with the grass Brachypodium flexum. Of the differential species of the Cedar-forests, Juniperus procera itself was common on Nyiru. In the herbal vegetation the tall grass Stipa dregeana, as well as Sanicula elata, were encountered regularly. Many forests of the dry Kenyan North belong to the pure Cedar forests (Juniperion procerae BUSSMANN 1994). The Myrsine-Juniperus forest (Myrsino africanaeJuniperetum procerae BUSSMANN 1994), with its pronounced fire-cycle, as the most typical association of the alliance, occurred less often; and the Faurea-Ilex forest (Faureo salignae-Ilicetum mitis BUSSMANN 1994) was the association found most commonly. Of the characteristic Cedar forest species, the East African Olive, Olea europaea ssp. africana was found only in few areas, particularly on southern Mt. Nyiru, forming sometimes almost exclusively the about 10 m high canopy. Other differential species were rarely found, and only in some places Rapanea melanophloeos, with its dark-green, shiny Vegetation of Mt Nyiru: Checklist and Syntaxonomica1 Survey 49 leaves appeared in the forest. The grass Ehrharta erecta, differential species for the Ehrharto erectae-Juniperetum procerae BUSS,MANN 1994, occurred in many places, forming partly dense tufts on the forest floor on Mt. Nyiru. The floristic composition of the forests, however, indicated without doubt that most stands belonged to the pure Faureo salignae-Ilicetum mitis BUSSMANN 1994. This association, first described from the northeastern slopes of Mt. Kenya (Bussmann & Beck, 1995a), clearly dominated most of the mountain areas studied. In the type locality, forests of this type were encountered only as remnants on very steep slopes with relatively shallow soils, whereas in the North in a very striking contrast, the Faureo-Ilicetum was encountered under almost all slope conditions. Only the Proteacean Faurea saligna, with its leathery leaves shining red in the green canopy, grew with high abundance, often dominating the canopy, while /lex mitis was completely absent. In contrast to the lack of differential species, the accompanying flora encountered was very characteristic, with e.g. Piper capense, the leathery fern Arachnoides foliosa or the stinging nettle Laportea alatipes, among many other species, the typical companions of the association were found abundantly. Nevertheless, in comparison to the stands on Mt. Kenya, the floristic composition of the Faureo-Ilicetum showed many differences, especially with regard to the shrub stratum, and therefore the northern stands have to be regarded as a distinct subassociation of their own, differentiated by the very abundant occurrence of Xymalos monospora, often forming a dense shrub layer, a fact which was never observed in the typical Faureo-Ilicetum. In addition, Xymalos, normally found only as a small shrub, reaches up into the lower canopy in many places forming a second, lower tree stratum of its own. In the shrub layer Brucea antidysenterica and the climbing Clerodendrum johnstonii, as well as Clausena anisata, were also encountered as differential species. The ferns Pteris quadriaurita and Doryopteris kirkii, together with the otherwise rare liana Clematis brachiata, and especially the Acanthacean Dicliptera colorata, in places covering large areas of the forest floor, are also differential, and so are the epiphytic orchids Polystachya piersii and Aerangis thomsonii, the latter often dangling in carpets from its sustaining branches. The most striking feature of these forests however, is the abundance of very old, and therefore extremely tall and thick specimens, of Faurea saligna, some of which reached a girth of more than 2 m at breast height indicating, that these forests have never been disturbed by logging. Differences in humidity lead to two variants of these Xymalos-dominated forests. The most commonly encountered wet variety, growing mainly on higher altitudes, clearly receives more moisture, which was shown by the many fern species in the undergrowth. Of them, Amauropeltis bergiana and Stenogramma pozoi were regarded as differential species. Further differential taxa, all requiring high humidity were the creeping Droguetia iners and Crassula alsinoides, Drymaria cordata, Dicrocephala integrifolia, together with the Urticacean Pilea johnstonii, and Aneilema pedunculosum. In the higher strata Solanum schumannianum and the tree Schejjlera volkensii appeared. Of the companions, the rare Tarenna graveolens, Chionanthes battiscombei and Turraea holstii, appearing mainly in the shrub stratum, as well as Pavetta gardeniifolia deserve special note. At the lower limit of the Faurea-/lex forests, in transition to the Myrsine-JuniperusCadia forest (Myrsino-Junipertum cadietosum purpureae, Bussmann, in press), almost all of the less drought resistant species, especially Pteridophytes, disappeared due to the much drier conditions. Whereas in the previous variant the forest floor was always covered with living herbs and also with an often dense grass layer even at the peak of the dry season, in the lower forests the ground was often found bare, as all vegetation had disappeared due to 50 B. Bytebier & R. W. Bussmann the drought. Differential species encountered were the tall Plectranthus barbatus, Stellaria sennii and the Cyperacean Schoenoxiphium lehmannii. Because livestock often grazes these areas at the beginning of the dry season, weed-like species like Solanum incanum, Pupalia lappacea and Pteridium aquilinum (the latter being an indicator of fire), also occurred as differential species. Important companions were Crassocephalum montuosum, Desmodium repandum, Hypoestes forskahlii, Leonotis nepetifolia, Microglossa pyridifolia and Mikaniopsis bambuseti. The drier lower slopes of Mt. Nyiru were covered by a vegetation belonging to the procerae BUSSMANN 1994, forming the transition zone to the savanna areas. Fires occur regularly in this area. They are lit by pastoralists to improve the grass growth before the start of the rains or by honey hunters smoking out bees. At long intervals they also occur naturally. Therefore the Myrsino-Juniperetum shows the fire cycle of the Cedar-forests best (Bussmann & Beck, 1995b). Consequently Myrsine africana, a differential species for these forests, and one particularly indicating the influence of fire, was found with very high cover/abundance in most areas, often forming a second, lower shrub stratum. On Mt. Nyiru, Juniperus procera occurred with high cover also. Of the characteristic species, only Rhamnus prinoides was found although much less abundant. Interestingly, Nuxia congesta appeared often with high cover in the tree stratum, and the Acanthacean Justicia striata formed patches on the forest floor. The high abundance of Teclea nobilis in the shrub layer and the lower tree stratum is also worth mentioning. The presence of a rather different flora, in comparison to other areas, e.g. Mt. Kenya (Bussmann & Beck, 1995a), description of a new subassociation (Bussmann, in press). In transition to a dense thorny bushland, formed mainly by species of the genera Commiphora, Grewia and partly Acacia, this vegetation type was encountered on the steep rocky lower slopes of Mt. Nyiru. With an often very dry ground layer, leaving many areas of the rocks exposed, forests of this type showed a very open appearance and due to the frequent fires even the higher shrub stratum had been nearly completely destroyed. Many Juniperus trees in these areas were found dead or dying, and due to the frequent fires young specimens were rarely observed. In the open shrub stratum, Cadia purpurea and Vangueria apiculata occurred as differential species of this subassociation, together with the small tree Cordia monoica in the canopy. The set of differential species was completed by a high number of drought resistant ferns, especially of the genus Cheilanthes, growing among the rocks. Namely Pellea alchemilloides, Cheilanthes bergiana, C. multifida, C. tecta and C. hirta were encountered, whereas the very rare Asplenium trichomanes occurred on some high, shady cliffs. The companions, the Euphorbiacean Croton megalocarpus in the canopy and the Rutacean Teclea simplicifolia in the shrub stratum, deserve special note, as they showed clear links to the Brachylaenion huillensis BUSSMANN 1994, an alliance mainly found in Central and Southern Kenya. Scadoxus multiflorus, with its large bright-red inflorescence was also found as a companion, among many other species. Myrsino africanae-Juniperetum Subalpine Elfinforests (Hagenietea abyssinicae BUSSMANN 1994.) Large grassy clearings were only found on top of Mt. Nyiru. Many huts used by Samburu pastoralists during the dry season indicated that these areas are heavily grazed. At the borders of the grasslands, and partly as islands in-between, dense thickets of St. John's Wort (Hypericum revolutum) were growing together with young specimens of Juniperus procera. The high cover/abundance of Hypericum indicated that these forests belong to the Hagenia-Hypericum forest (Hagenio abyssinicae-Hypericetum revoluti BUSSMANN 1994). Vegetation of Mt Nyiru: Checklist and Syntaxonomical 51 Survey Whether Hagenia abyssinica itself has ever grown in these areas remains an enigma as no koso trees were found. The high cover of young Juniperus trees, all of the same age, has to be regarded as a sign of a very large fire about 10 years ago Gudged by the size of the trees). Only few dead specimens of old Cedars were found. It is assumed that in the successional process the Hagenio-Hypericetum on Nyiru will probably be replaced by the Myrsino-Juniperetum, especially with regard to the more frequent use of the area as dry season pasture, leading to more frequent burning. At present, despite the growing influence of Juniperus, the Thymeleaceae Gnidia glauca, with its yellow flowers appearing in dense clusters in the wet season, still dominates the canopy of these forests, forming often closed stands about 8 m tall. Therefore, the topmost forests of Mt. Nyiru clearly belong to the Gnidietum glaucae BUSSMANN 1994. Montane Bamboo Forests (Sinarundinarietea alpinae BUSSMANN 1994) The East African Bamboo, Sinarundinaria alpina, is known to cover vast areas especially of the wet southern and south-eastern slopes of Mt. Kenya and the Aberdare and Mau Ranges in Central Kenya. In other areas of the country, however, the species occurs only rarely and in Northern Kenya bamboo is nearly absent. In some areas of Nyiru, probably in places with the highest amount of condensing mist, Sinarundinaria alpina was encountered forming dense stands up to 6-8 m tall. These bamboo forests were very similar to the ones described from Western Mt. Kenya (Bussmann & Beck, 1995a), with Podocarpus latifolius frequently protruding from the closed bamboo stands. All stands studied were very dense, with only a small amount of light reaching the ground, which was therefore often bare of vegetation. Trails of large game, e.g. elephants and buffaloes, very frequent in other areas where bamboo grows, were not found on Nyiru. This made the bamboo forests nearly impenetrable. The presence of Sinarundinaria on Mt. Nyiru has to be regarded as of special importance with respect to the biogeography of the species. The Nyiru population can be interpreted as a link between the main growing area of the species and the stands on the southern slopes of the Bale mountains in Southern Ethiopia, about 500 km further North (Bussmann, 1997). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank Onesmus Mwangangi, Paul Kirika, Titus Waiganjo and Mike Newton, who joined the initial expedition; Elizabeth Muthuma, David Kones and Joyce Chege, who assisted in preparing the checklist; and Emma and Yoav Chen from Desert Rose for logistical support in the field. Rainer Bussmann acknowledges the financial support for this work by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and wishes to thank the National Research Council of Kenya for granting permission for research. 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Survey of Kenya, Nairobi. Survey of Kenya (1959, 1970). National Atlas of Kenya. Survey of Kenya, Nairobi. Survey of Kenya (1966). East African mean monthly rainfall in millimetres (North sheet: Kenya and Uganda, Scale 1:2.000.000). Survey of Kenya, Nairobi. Synott, T.J. (1979). A report on the status, importance and protection of the montane forests. [PAL Technical Report D-2a. Unesco, Nairobi. Turril W.B., C.E. Hubbard, E. Milne-Redhead, R.M. Polhill & H.J. Beentje. (eds.) (1952-1998): Flora of Tropical East Africa. Crown Agents, London, and A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. White, F. (1983). The vegetation of Africa. Unesco, Paris. 54 B. Bytebier & R. W. Bussmann APPENDIX 1: Checklist of the plants of Mount Nyiru PTERIDOPHYT A 1600-2450 m ACTINIOPTERIDACEAE Actiniopteris semiflabellata Pic.Serm. Bytebier B et al. 344; Bussmann R 9743 1600-2450 m ASPLENIACEAE Asplenium abyssinicum Fee Cameron JBC 149 2439-2439 m Asplenium adiantum-nigrum Cameron JBC 133 2515-2515 m ADIANTACEAE Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Bytebier B et al. 314; Cameron JBC 151; Gilbert MG, Gachathi FN & Gatheri GW 5209; Archer PG 689; Bussmann R 9734 1219-2450m Adiantum poiretii Wikstr. Bytebier B et al. 76 2400-2400m Cheilanthes bergiana Kunze Bussmann R 9811 2350-2550 m First record for K 1 Cheilanthes farinosa (Forssk.) Kaulf. Bytebier B et al. 252; Bussmann R 9809 2200-2450 m Cheilanthes hirta Sw. Bussmann R 9812 2350-2550 m Cheilanthes marantae (L.) Domin Cameron JBC 148 1676-1676 ill Cheilanthes multifida (Sw.) Sw. Bytebier B et al. 253, 329, 336; Gilbert MG, Gachathi FN & Gatheri GW 5196; Bussmann R 9818 1600-2450 m Cheilanthes tecta F.M.Jarret ined. Bussmann R., Sight record 2350-2550 m Doriopteris kirkii (Hook.) Alston Bussmann R 9752 2350-2550 m Pellaea adiantoides (Willd.) J.Sm. Bussmann R 9797 2350-2550 m Pellaea calomelanos (Sw.) Link Bytebier Bet al. 339 1600-1600 m Pellaea longipilosa Bonap. Bytebier B et al. 327; Bussmann R 9822 L. Asplenium aethiopicum (Burm.f.) Bech. Bytebier B et al. 72; Gilbert MG, Gachathi FN & Gatheri GW 5193; Cameron JBC 146; Bussmann R 9698 1600-2450 m Asplenium el/iottii C.H. Wright Bytebier B et al. 17A; Bussmann R 9701 2400-2450 m Asplenium erectum Willd. var. usambarense (Hieron.) Schelpe Bytebier B et al. 38, 251; Bussmann R 9708 2200-2450 m Asplenium friesiorum C.Chr. Bytebier B et al. 6, 17B; Cameron JBC 144; Bussmann R 9715 2286-2450 m Asplenium loxoscaphoides Baker Bussmann R 9740 2350-2550 m Asplenium monanthes L. Bytebier Bet al. 73, Cameron JBC 137; Bussmann R 9704 2134-2450 m Asplenium strange anum Pic.Serm. Bytebier B et al. 250; Cameron JBC 136 2200-2286 m Asplenium theciferum (Kunth) Mett. Bytebier Bet al. 74; Cameron JBC 134; Bussmann R 9706 2134-2450 m Asplenium trichomanes L. Cameron JBC 135; Gilbert MG, Gachathi FN & Gatheri GW 5195; Bussmann R 9710 1600-2450 m Vegetation of Mt Nyiru: Checklist and Syntaxonomical DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Hypolepis goetzei Reimers Cameron JBC 139 2134-2134 m Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Bytebier B et at. 194 2500-2500 m DRYOPTERIDACEAE Arachniodes foliosa (C.Chr.) Schelpe Cameron JBC 130 2439-2439 m Polystichum fuscopaleaceum Alston Bytebier Bet at. 50; Cameron JBC 147; Bono G 23; Bussmann R 9803,9796 2400-2450 m POL YPODIACEAE Loxogramme abyssinica (Baker) M.G.Price Bytebier B et al. 46 2400-2400 m Pleopeltis macrocarpa (Bory ex Willd.) Kaulf .. Cameron JBC 131, 145 2439-2439 m PTERIDACEAE Pteris catoptera Kunze Bytebier B et al. 69 2400-2400 m Pteris dentata Forssk. Bono G 24, 38, 211; Cameron JBC 143, 152 1219-2439 m Pteris quadriaurita Retz. Bussmann R 9814 2350-2550 m Survey THELYPTERIDACEAE Amauropelta bergiana (Schltdl.) Holttum Bussmann R 9799 2350-2550 m Amauropelta oppositiformis (C.Chr.) Holttum Bytebier B et at. 222 2500-2500 m First record for K 1 Stegnogramma pozoi (Lag.) K.Iwats. Bytebier Bet al. 48; Bussmann R 9791, 9792 2400-2450 m WOODSIACEAE Cystopteris diaphanum (Bory) Blasdell Bytebier Bet at. 25; Cameron JBC 150 2400-2439 m Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. Bussmann R 9795 2350-2550 m GYMNOSPERMAE CUPRESSACEAE Juniperus procera Endl. Adamson J 393, Adamson J B 6162; Bytebier Bet at. 188 2439-2500 m PODOCARPACEAE Podocarpus latifolius (Thunb.) Mirb. Bytebier Bet at. 96; Cameron JBC 128; Adamson J 392 2439-2500 m ANGIOSPERMAE DICOTYLEDONAE SCHIZAEACEAE •. Mohria vestita Baker Bytebier B et at. 254 2200-2200 m First record for K 1 SELAGINELLACEAE Selaginella dregei (C.Presl) Hieron. Alexander EAH 11859 ACANTHACEAE Acanthopale pubescens C.B.Clarke Kerfoot 0 2067 2439-2439 m Crossandra massaica Mildbr. Bytebier B et at. 323 1600-1600 m Dicliptera colorata C.B.Clarke Bussmann R 9786 2350-2550 m 55 56 B. Bytebier Dicliptera laxata C.B.Clarke Kerfoot 2068 2743-2743 m Dyschoriste radicans Nees Bytebier B et al. 189 2500-2500m 0 Hypoestes forskahlii (Vahl) R.Br. Bytebier B et al. 269 Kerfoot 2001 2350-2439m Hypoestes triflora (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult. 0 Bytebier B et al. 210 Kerfoot 2076 2439-2500m 0 !soglossa gregorii (S.Moore) Lindau Bytebier Bet al. 58 Kerfoot 0 2069 2400-2743m & R. W. Bussmann Sericocomopsis hildebrandtii Schinz Kerfoot 0 2080 2713-2713 m ANACARDIACEAE Rhus natalensis Krauss Bytebier B et al. 278; Kerfoot 1949,1950 2134-2350 m 0 1948, Rhus ruspolii Eng!. Bytebier B et al. 276; Kerfoot 2134-2350 m 0 1945 APOCYNACEAE Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl Kerfoot 0 2023 2134-2134 m Justicia glabra Koen. ex Roxb. Bytebier B et al. 312 1600-1600m Justicia lorata Ensermu ARALIACEAE Cussonia holstii Eng!. var. holstii Bytebier B et al. 262; Kerfoot 0 1942; Bono G 323 2134-2350 m Bytebier Bet al. 341,350 1600-1600m First record for K 1 Schefflera volkensii (Eng!.) Harms Bussmann R, Sight record 2350-2550 m Justicia striata (Kl.) Bullock Bussmann R, Sight record 2350-2550m Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims Bytebier B et al. 258; Kerfoot 0 2090 2350-2591m AMARANTHACEAE Achyranthes aspera L. Bytebier B et al. 44 2400-2400m Celosia anthelminthica Asch. Kerfoot 0 2024 2439-2439m Celosia schweinfurthiana Schinz Bytebier B et al. 309 1600-1600m Cyathula polycephala Baker Bytebier B et al. 66 2400-2400m First record for K 1 Pupalia lappacea (L.) A.Juss. Bytebier B et al. 248 2200-2200m ASCLEPIADACEAE Ceropegia Bytebier B et al. 201 2500-2500 m Ceropegia bal/yana Bullock Bytebier B et al. 249 2200-2200 m First record for Kl Cynanchum altiscandens K.Schum. Bytebier B et al. 263 2350-2350 m First record for K 1 Gomphocarpusfruticosus (L.) W.T.Aiton Bytebier B et al. 240; Kerfoot 0 1979 2200-2591 m Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Blatt. & MacOwan Kerfoot 0 2021; Bono G 33 1800-1829 m Periploca linearifolia Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich. Kerfoot 0 1998 2439-2439 m Vegetation of Mt Nyiru: Checklist and Syntaxonomica1 Survey Secamone punctulata Decne. Bytebier B et al. 294, 363 1600-1600 m BALSAMINACEAE Impatiens hochstetteri Warb. Bussmann R 9785 2350-2550 m Impatiens meruensis Gi1g Cameron JBC 138 2286-2286 m Impatiens meruensis Gi1g ssp. septentrionalis Grey-Wilson Bytebier B et al. 51; Kerfoot 0 2082 2400-2743 m Impatiens sodenii Engl. Bytebier Bet al. 325; Kerfoot 0 2083; Bono G 202; Adamson TG 18; Bussmann R 9783 1600-2743 m BEGONIACEAE Begonia Bytebier B et al. 324 1600-1600 m BERBERIDACEAE Berberis holstii Engl. Kerfoot 01939 2591-2591 m BORAGINACEAE Cordia monoica Roxb. Kerfoot 0 1938; Bono G 26 2134-2300 m Cynoglossum coeruleum A.DC. Bytebier B et al. 41, 176 2400-2500 m Cynoglossum coeruleum A.DC. ssp. johnstonii (Baker) Verdc. Kerfoot 0 2095 2743-2743 m Lithospermum afromontanum Kerfoot 0 2006 2286-2286 m Weim. CALLITRICHACEAE Callitriche stagnalis Scop. Bytebier B et al. 231; Bono G 208 2450-2500 m 57 CAMP ANULACEAE Campanula edulis Forssk. Archer PG 695; Kerfoot 0 2097 2286-2743 m Wahlenbergia abyssinica (A.Rich.) Thulin ssp. abyssinica Bytebier Bet al. 92; Cameron JBC 108; Kerfoot 0 2063; Adamson J 541; Bussmann R 9778 2134-2743 m Wahlenbergia capillacea (L.f.) A.DC. ssp. tenuior (Engl.) Thulin Bytebier B et al. 93 2500-2500 m Wahlenbergia lobelioides (L.f.) A.DC. ssp. nutabunda (Guss.) Murb. Archer PG 697 2286-2286 m Wahlenbergia virgata Engl. Bytebier Bet al. 77; Adamson J 540; Archer PG 694 2400-2439 m CAPPARACEAE Capparis tomentosa Lam. Bytebier B et al. 334; Kerfoot 0 1985 1600-2591 m Cleome Kerfoot 0 2062 2134-2134 m Cleome usambarica Pax Bytebier B et al. 318 1600-1600 m Crateva adansonii DC. Kerfoot 0 1990 1524-1524 m Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq. Bytebier B et al. 288 2350-2350 m Maerua angolensis DC. Kerfoot 0 1931 1981-1981 m Maerua triphylla A.Rich. Bytebier B et al. 345 1600-1600 m Thylachium africanum Lour. Kerfoot 01958 2439-2439 m 58 B. Bytebier CARYOPHYLLACEAE Cerastium indicum Wight & Am. Bytebier Bet al. 164; Kerfoot 0 2073 2500-2743 m Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Bytebier B et al. 1; Kerfoot 0 2096 2400-2743 m Pollichia campestris Aiton Bytebier Bet al. 238 Kerfoot 0 2099 2200-2743 m Silene burchellii Otth ex DC. Adamson J 552 2743-2743 m Silene macrosolen Steud. ex A.Rich. Kerfoot 0 2074 2743-2743 m Stellaria sennii Chiov. Bytebier B et al. 215 2500-2500 m CELASTRACEAE May tenus heterophylla (Eckl. N.Robson & Zeyh.) Bytebier B et al. 279 2350-2350 m Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. Bytebier B et al. 319 1600-1600 m CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopodium schraderianum Bytebier B et al. 289 2350-2350 m Schult. COMPOSITAE Adenostemma perrottetii DC. Gilbert MG, Gachathi FN & Gatheri GW 5210; Kerfoot 0 2056 1350-2743 m Berkheya spekeana Olivo Archer PG 705 2560-2560 m Bidens flagellata (Sherf!) Mesfin Bytebier B et al. 213 2500-2500 m Bidens hildebrandtii O.Hoffm. Bytebier B et al. 317 1600-1600 m & R. W. Bussmann Bidens kilimandscharica (O.Hoffm.) Sherff Kerfoot 0 2057 2439-2439 m Bothrioc/ine longipes (Oliv. & Hiem) N.E.Br. Bytebier B et al. 20; Kerfoot 0 2049 2134-2400 m Carduus nyassanus (S.Moore) R.E.Fr. Bytebier B et al. 232 2500-2500 m First record for Kl Cineraria deltoidea Sond. Kerfoot 0 2046 2134-2134 m Conyza newii Olivo & Hiem Bytebier Bet al. 19; Kerfoot 0 2043 2400-2439 m Conyza steudelii Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich. Bytebier B et al. 224 2500-2500 m Conyza stricta Willd. Bytebier Bet al. 22,83, 197; Kerfoot 0 2045 2134-2500 m Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E.Walker Bytebier B et al. 225 2500-2500 m Crassocephalum Milne-Redh. montuosum (S.Moore) Bussmann R, Sight record 2350-2550 m Dichrocephala chrysanthemifolia DC. Kerfoot 0 2052 2591-2591 m (Blume) Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze Bytebier Bet al. 35 2400-2400 m Emilia discifolia (Oliv.) C.Jeffrey Bytebier B et al. 245; Kerfoot 0 2055; Gilbert MG, Gachathi FN & Gatheri GW 5198 1600-2439 m Emilia somalensis (S.Moore) C.Jeffrey Bytebier B et al. 80 2500-2500 m Gerbera viridifolia (DC.) Sch.Bip. Bytebier B et al. 178 2500-2500 m Vegetation of Mt Nyiru: Checklist and Syntaxonomical Gnaphalium rubriflorum Hilliard Bytebier B et al. 179,226 2500-2500 m Gutenbergia cordifolia Benth. ex Olivo Bytebier B et al. 287 2350-2350 m Helichrysum argyranthum O.Hoffm. Adamson J 564 2743-2743 m Helichrysumforskahlii (J.F.Gmel.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt var.forskahlii Bytebier B et al. 62, 87; Adamson J 556 2400-2500 m Helichrysum kilimanjari Olivo Bytebier B et al. 26 2400-2400 m First record for K 1 Helichrysum nudifolium (L.) Less. var. nudifolium Bytebier B et al. 204; Archer PG 702; Bono G 213 2286-2500 m Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Less. Bussmann R 9759 2350-2550 m Hirpicium diffusum (O.Hoffm.) Roessler Bytebier B et al. 239, 362 1600-2200 m Kleinia odora (Forssk.) DC. Gilbert MG, Gachathi FN & Gatheri GW 5187 1350-1350 m Laggera elatior R.E.Fr. Bytebier B et al. 57 2400-2400 m First record for K 1 Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) Kuntze Bytebier Bet al. 8; Kerfoot 0 2047 2134-2450 m Mikaniopsis bambuseti (R.E. Fries) C.Jeffrey Bussmann R, Sight record 2350-2550 m Osteospermum vaillantii (Decne.) Norl. Kerfoot 2054 2439-2439 m Senecio hadiensis Forssk. Bono G 330 1700-1700 m 0 Senecio syringifolius O.Hoffm. Bytebier B et al. 180 59 Survey 2500-2500 m Sonchus afromontanus R.E.Fr. BytebierBetal.168,216 2500-2500 m First record for K 1 Vernonia galamensis (Cass.) Less. ssp. nairobiensis M.G.Gilbert Bytebier B et al. 196 2500-2500 m Vernonia hymenolepis A.Rich. Kerfoot 0 2041; Bono G 20 2400-2439 m Vernonia syringifolia O.Hoffm. Bytebier Bet al. 9, 169 2400-2500 m First record for K 1 CONVOLVULACEAE Ipomoea spathulata Hallier f. Bytebier B et al. 300 1600-1600 m Ipomoea wightii (Wall.) Choisy Bytebier B et al. 273 2350-2350 m CRASSULACEAE Crassula alba Forssk. Bytebier B et al. 217; Archer PG 699 2286-2500 m Crassula alsinoides (Hook.f.) Engl. Kerfoot 2091 2743-2743 m Crassula nodulosa Schtlnl. var. nodulosa Archer PG 698; Kerfoot 0 2025 2134-2286 m Crassula schimperi Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ssp. schimperi Bytebier B et al. 85,243 2200-2500 m Kalanchoe citrina Schweinf. Bytebier B et al. 340, 356; Kerfoot 0 2086 1600-2134 m 0 Kalanchoe densiflora Rolfe var. densiflora Bytebier B et al. 220; Kerfoot 2087 2500-2743 m 0 CRUCIFERAE Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. Bytebier B et al. 175 2500-2500 m 60 First record for Kl Cardamine africana Archer PG 690 2439-2439 m B. Bytebier & R. W. Bussmann L. CUCURBIT ACEAE Gerrardanthus lobatus (Cogn.) c.Jeffrey Bytebier B et al. 307 1600--1600 m Lagenaria Bytebier B et al. 355 1600-1600 m Lagenaria abyssinica (Hook.f.) C.Jeffrey Bytebier B et al. 52 2400-2400 m First record for K 1 DIPSACACEAE Dipsacus pinnatifidus ARich. Bytebier B et al. 184; Archer PG 704; Kerfoot 0 2003; Bussmann R 9821 2286-2500 m Scabiosa columbaria L. Archer PG 696; Cameron JBC 123; Adamson J 555; Kerfoot 0 2075 2286-2743 m ERICACEAE Agauria salicifolia (Lam.) Olivo Kerfoot 0 1970 2743-2743 m Erica arborea L. Bytebier B et al. 171 ; Kerfoot 0 2018; Bono G 214; Cameron JBC 118 2134-2500 m Erica mannii (Hook.f.) Beentje ssp. usambarensis (AIm & T.C.E.Fr.) Beentje Bytebier B et al. 187 2500--2500 m First record for Kl EUPHORBIACEAE Acalyphafruticosa Forssk. var. eglandulosa Radcl.-Sm. Kerfoot 0 1994 2286-2286 m Acalypha fruticosa F orssk. var. fruticosa Bono G 121 1400--1400 m Acalypha volkensii Pax Bytebier B et al. 260; Kerfoot 0 1995 2134-2350 m Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baili. Ichikawa M 906; Kerfoot 0 1943 1768-1829 m Clutia abyssinica Jaub. & Spach var. abyssinica Bytebier Bet al. 193; Bono G 142 1900-2500 m Croton dichogamus Pax Bono G 27 1800--1800 m Croton megalocarpus Hutch. Kerfoot 0 1961 2134-2134 m Euphorbia Bytebier Bet al. 361 1600--1600 m Euphorbia brevicornu Pax Bytebier B et al. 56 2400-2400 m First record for K 1 Euphorbia depauperata ARich. var. depauperata Bytebier B et al. 170 2500-2500 m Euphorbia nyikae Pax var. nyikae Bytebier Bet al. 359 1600--1600 m First record for Kl Phyllanthus fischeri Pax Kerfoot 0 2017 2134-2134 m Phyllanthus sepialis MUll.Arg. Bono G 122 1400--1400 m FLACOURTIACEAE Dovyalis abyssinica (ARich.) Warb. Bytebier B et al. 158; Kerfoot 0 1965 2439-2500 m Trimeria grandifolia (Burkill) Sleumer ssp. tropica Bono G 39 2400-2400 m GERANIACEAE Geranium aculeolatum Olivo Kerfoot 0 2038 2439-2439 m Vegetation of Mt Nyiru: Checklist and Syntaxonomical Survey 61 Geranium arabicum Forssk. Bytebier B et al. 190A; Kerfoot 0 2036; Bono G 201 2134-2500 m Pelargonium alchemil/oides (L.) Ait.f. ssp. multibracteatum (ARich.) Kokwaro Bytebier B et al. 244; Bono G 205; Kerfoot 0 2039; Bussmann R 9757 2200-2450 m Pelargonium whytei Baker Kerfoot 0 2037 2439-2439 m Kerfoot 0 2089; Gilbert MG, Gachathi FN & Gatheri GW 5214 1350-2743 m Leucas urticifolia (Vahl) R.Br. var. annulata Sebald Bytebier B et al. 283 2350-2350 m Ocimum suave Willd. Bytebier B et al. 281; Kerfoot 0 2002 2350-2439 m Plectranthus barbatus Andr. Kerfoot 0 1992 2134-2134 m GUTTIFERAE Garcinia livingstonei T.Anderson Bytebier B et al. 337 1600-1600 m Plectranthus edulis (Vatke) Agnew Bytebier B et al. 233 2500-2500 m First record for Kl Plectranthus grandicalyx E.ABruce Bytebier B et al. 84 2500-2500 m Plectranthus igniriaus (Schweinf.) Agnew Gilbert MG, Gachathi FN & Gatheri GW 5216 1650-1650 m Plectranthus sylvestris Giirke Bytebier B et al. 70 2400-2400 m Hypericum kiboense Olivo Adamson J 558 2743-2743 m Hypericum revolutum Vahl Bytebier Bet al. 191; Kerfoot 01932; Adamson J 562; Cameron JBC 117 2500-2743 m Hypericum roeperanum A.Rich. Kerfoot 0 1934 2439-2439 m HALORAGACEAE Gunnera perpensa L. Bytebier Bet al. 230; Bussmann R 9788 2450-2500 m LABIATAE Aeol/anthus repens Olivo Bytebier B et al. 259 2350-2350 m First record for K 1 Becium decumbens (Guerke) A1.Paton Bytebier B et al. 78 2500-2500 m Becium obovatum (E.Mey. ex Benth.) N.E.Br. var. capliatum Archer PG 700; Kerfoot 0 2094 2286-2743 m Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Bytebier B et al. 60 2400-2400 m Leucas grandis Giirke Salvia nilotica (Juss.) Jacq. Bytebier Bet al. 23; Kerfoot 0 2066 2400-2439 m Satureja Bytebier Bet al. 29, 192 2400-2500 m Satureja abyssinica (Benth.) Briq. Archer PG 691; Kerfoot 0 2060; Cameron JBC 112; Bono G 115 2134-2600 m Satureja biflora (D.Don) Benth. Bytebier B et al. 181; Kerfoot 0 2029; Cameron JBC 109 2134-2500 m Satureja pseudosimensis Brenan Bytebier B et al. 205 2500-2500 m First record for KI Tinnea aethiopica Kotschy ex Hook.f. Bytebier B et al. 326 1600-1600 m 62 B. Bytebier & R. W. Bussmann LEGUMINOSAE Acacia etbaica Sehweinf. Bytebier B et al. 308 1600-1600 m Acacia hockii De Wild. Kerfoot 0 1903 2134-2134 m Acacia senegal (L.) Wild Bytebier Bet al. 357 1000-1000 m Amphicarpa africana (Hook.f.) Harms Kerfoot 0 1915 2652-2652 m Argyrolobium fischeri Taub. Archer PG 703; Bono G 30; Cameron JBC 113 2000-2286 m Cadia purpurea (Pice.) Aiton Bytebier Bet at. 333; Ichikawa M 899; Kerfoot 0 1905; Jex-Blake M 11777; JexBlake AJ H69/51 1600-2286 m Chamaecrista usambarensis (Taub.) Standley Bytebier Bet al. 199; Adamson J 565 2500-2743 m Crotalaria Bytebier B et at. 212 2500-2500 m Crotalaria fascicularis Bono G 28 1900-1900 m Polhill Crotalaria incana L. ssp. purpurascens (Lam.) Milne-Redh. Bytebier B et al. 152, 265 2350-2500 m Crotalaria keniensis Baker f. Kerfoot 0 1913 2286--2286 m Crotalaria lachnocarpoides Engl. Bytebier Bet at. 156; Kerfoot 01906, 1907 2439-2500 m Crota/aria natalitia Meisn. var. natalitia Dolichos sericeus E.Mey. ssp. sericeus Bono G 320 2000-2000 m Glycine wightii (Wight & Am.) Verde. ssp. petitiana (A.Rieh.) Verde. var. mearnsii (De Wild.) Verde. Kerfoot 0 1917 1829-1829 m Glycine wightii (Wight & Am.) Verde. ssp. wightii var. longicauda (Sehweinf.) Verde. Ichikawa M 905 1676--1676 m Indigofera Kerfoot 0 2134-2134 Indigofera Kerfoot 0 2134-2134 atriceps Hook.f. ssp. atriceps 1909 m lupatana Baker f. 1912 m Indigofera schimperi Jaub. & Spaeh var. schimperi Gilbert MG, Gaehathi FN & Gatheri GW 5192 1350-1350 m Indigofera swaziensis Bolus var. swaziensis Kerfoot 01910 2439-2439 m Indigofera volkensii Taub. Bytebier Bet al. 37; Gilbert MG, Gaehathi FN & Gatheri GW 5190A 1350-2400 m Kotschya recurvifolia (Taub.) F.White ssp. keniensis Verde. Cameron JBC 119 2439-2439 m Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet ssp. uncinatus Verde. Kerfoot 0 1922 2439-2439 m Lotus goetzei Harms Kerfoot 0 1911 2134-2134 m Bytebier B et al. 274; Bono G 132; Kerfoot 01914 2134-2500 m Mucuna gigantea (Willd.) DC. ssp. quadrialata (Baker) Verde. Bytebier B et al. 298 1600-1600 m Desmodium repandum (Vahl) DC. Kerfoot 01918 2652-2652 m Ormocarpum trachycarpum (Taub.) Harms Kerfoot 0 1937 Vegetation of Mt Nyiru: Checklist and Syntaxonomical 2134-2134 m Psora/eafoliosa 01iv. Adamson J 537 2743-2743 m Pter%bium stellatum (Forssk.) Brenan Kerfoot 0 1935 1829-1829 m Tephrosia interrupta Eng!. ssp. interrupta Adamson J 559; Kerfoot 01908; Bono G 133; Gilbert MG, Gachathi FN & Gatheri GW 5204 1600-2652 m Teramnus /abialis (L.f.) Spreng. ssp. /abialis var. abyssinicus (A.Rich.) Verde. Kerfoot 0 1920 2439-2439 m Survey LOGANIACEAE Nuxia congesta Fresen. Bytebier B et al. 182; Bono G 25 2300-2500 m LORANTHACEAE Age/anthus e/egantu/us (Eng!.) Polhill & Wiens Bussmann R 9758 2350-2550 m First record for Kl Eng/erina woodfordioides (Schweinf.) Balle Bytebier B et al. 40, 200 2400-2500 m Trifolium semipilosum Fresen. var. semipilosum Bono G 204 2500-2500 m MALVACEAE Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet Kerfoot 0 2008 2652-2652 m Vigna schimperi Baker Bytebier Bet al. 34; Kerfoot 01916 2400-2439 m Abutilon /ongicuspe A.Rich. Kerfoot 0 1986 2743-2743 m Zornia setosa Baker f. ssp. obovata (Baker f.) J.Leon. & Milne-Redh. Bytebier B et a/. 91 2500-2500 m Abuti/on mauritianum (Jaeq.) Sweet Kerfoot 0 2010, 2013 2134-2439 m Hibiscus Bono G 130 2400-2400 m Hibiscus fuscus Gareke Bytebier B et al. 286 2350-2350 m Hibiscus /udwigii Eekl. & Zeyh. Bono G 29 2100-2100 m LINACEAE Linum keniense T.C.E.Fr. Bussmann R 9780 2350-2550 m Linum vo/kensii Eng!. Bytebier Bet al. 95; Adamson J 547 2500-2743 m LOBELIACEAE Lobelia giberroa Hems!. Bytebier B et al. 236 2550-2550 m Lobelia ho/stii Engl. Bytebier Bet a/. 207; Adamson J 566; Kerfoot 0 2085; Cameron JBC 124 2286-2743 m Monopsis stellarioides (C.Presl) Urb. ssp. schimperiana (Urb.) Thulin Bytebier B et al. 202 2500-2500 m First record for Kl Hibiscus vitifo/ius L. Kerfoot 0 2009 2743-2743 m Pavonia kilimandscharica Gilrke Kerfoot 0 2011 2743-2743 m Pavonia patens (Andr.) Chiov. Bytebier B et a/. 82 2500-2500 m Pavonia urens Cav. Bytebier B et a/. 97 2500-2500 m Sida rhombifolia L. Kerfoot 0 2014 2439-2439 m 63 64 B. Bytebier & R. W. Bussrnann Sida tenuicarpa V ollesen Bytebier Bet al. 167; Bussmann R 9756 2450-2500m MELIACEAE Turraea abyssinica A.Rich. Bytebier B et at. 280 2350-2350 m First record for K 1 Turraea holstii Gtirke Bussmann R Sight record 2350-2350 m MENISPERMACEAE Cocculus pendulus (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Die1s Bono G 200 2350-2350 m Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.) Wa1p. Kerfoot 0 2101 2743-2743 m MONIMIACEAE Xymalos monospora (Harv.) Warb. Bytebier B et at. 4; Cameron JBC 129; Ichikawa M 902 2000-2400 m MORACEAE Ficus scassellatii Pamp. ssp. scassellatii Bytebier B et al. 338 1600-1600 m Ficus vallis-choudae De1ile Bytebier B et at. 295 1600-1600 m MYRSINACEAE Maesa lanceolata Forssk. Kerfoot 0 1952 2743-2743 m Myrsine africana L. Bytebier Bet at. 237; Cameron JBC 120; Bono G 22 1850-2200 m Rapanea melanophloeos Bytebier B et at. 2 2400-2400 m (L.) Mez MYRTACEAE Syzygium cordatum Hochst. Kerfoot 0 1944 1829-1829 m NYCT AGINACEAE Commicarpus helenae (Roem. & Schult.) Meikle Bytebier B et at. 310 1600-1600 m OCHNACEAE Ochna insculpta Sleumer Bytebier B et at. 268 2350-2350 m OLEACEAE Chionanthus battiscombei (Hutch.) Steam Bussmann R, Sight record 2350-2550 m Jasminum abyssinicum Hochst. ex DC. Bytebier B et al. 24 2400-2400 m Jasminum floribundum Kerfoot 01978 2743-2743 m R.Br. ex Fresen. Jasminum fluminense Vell. ssp. holstii (Gi1g) Turrill Kerfoot 0 1976; Bono G 129 2300-2743 m Olea capensis L. Bytebier B et al. 10, 98 2400-2500 m Olea europaea L. ssp. africana (Mill.) P.Green Bytebier Bet at. 88; Kerfoot 0 1962, 1964; Adamson J 395; Adamson J B 6164 2378-2500 m Schrebera alata (Hochst.) Welw. Bytebier B et at. 292 2350-2350 m ONAGRACEAE Epilobium hirsutum L. Bytebier B et at. 316 1600-1600 m First record for K 1 Vegetation of Mt Nyiru: Checklist and Syntaxonomical 65 Survey OPILIACEAE PRIMULACEAE Opilia amentacea Roxb. Bono G 136 2300-2300 m Lysimachia volkensii Engl. Bytebier B et al. 15 2400-2400 m OROBANCHACEAE PROTEACEAE Orobanche minor Sm. Bytebier B et al. 31 2400-2400 m Faurea saligna Harv. Bytebier B et al. 190B; Kerfoot 0 1936 2500-2743 m OXALIDACEAE Oxalis corniculata L. Bytebier B et al. 163 2500-2500 m First record for K 1 PIPERACEAE Peperomia abyssinica Miq. Bytebier B et al. 67 2400-2400 m Piper capense L. Bytebier B et al. 64, 173; Kerfoot 0 2022 2400-2743 m PLUMBAGINACEAE Protea caffra Meisn. ssp. kilimandscharica (Engl.) Chisumpa & Brummitt Cameron JBC 127 2134-2134 m RANUNCULACEAE Clematis brachiata Thunb. Bytebier B et al. 55 2400-2400 m Clematis simensis Fresen. Bytebier B et al. 320; Bono G 41; Kerfoot 02004 1600-2591 m Plumbago dawei Rolfe Kerfoot 0 2061 2743-2743 m Ranunculus multifidus Forssk. Bytebier B et al. 223; Kerfoot 0 2032, 2033 1829-2743 m POLYGALACEAE Thalictrum rhynchocarpum A.Rich. Polygala sphenoptera Fresen. Bytebier B et al. 94, 242; Bussmann R 9779 2200-2500 m Quart.-Dill. & Bytebier B et al. 27 2400-2400 m First record for Kl RHAMNACEAE POLYGONACEAE Polygonum amphibium L. Bussmann R 9787 2350-2550 m First record for K 1 Polygonum setosulum A.Rich. Bytebier Bet al. 227; Kerfoot 0 2034, 2035 2500-2743 m Rumex bequaertii De Wild. Kerfoot 0 2030 2134-2134 m Rumex steudelii A.Rich. Bytebier B et al. 63 2400-2400 m Rhamnus prinoides L' Herit Bytebier B et al. 32; Kerfoot 0 1971 2400-2743 m Rhamnus staddo A.Rich. Kerfoot 0 1946 2134-2134 m Scutia myrtina (Burm. f.) Kurz Bytebier B et al. 174 2500-2500 m Ziziphus mucronata Willd. ssp. mucronata Ichikawa M 898; Kerfoot 01940 1890-1981 m 66 RHIZOPHORACEAE Cassipourea malosana (Baker) Alston Bytebier B et al. 11 2400-2400 m ROSACEAE Alchemilla cryptantha A.Rieh. Bytebier Bet al. 33 2400-2400 m Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman Bytebier Bet al. 155; Adamson J 390 2439-2500 m Rubus adolfi-friederici Engl. Kerfoot 0 1983 2743-2743 m Rubus apetalus Poir. Bytebier B et al. 7; Kerfoot 0 1984 2400-2743 m RUBIACEAE Anthospermum usambarense K.Sehum. Kerfoot 0 1999 2286-2286 m Galiniera saxifraga (Hoehst.) Bridson Bytebier B et al. 47 2400-2400 m First record for K 1 Galium aparinoides Forssk. Bytebier B et al. 39 2400-2400 m First record for K1 Pavetta abyssinica Fresen. var. abyssinica Bytebier Bet al. 272 2350-2350 m Pavetta gardeniifolia A.Rieh. var. gardeniifolia Cameron mc 121 2134-2134 m Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) Defiers Bytebier Bet al. 271 2350-2350 m Pentas parvifolia Hiem Bytebier B et al. 304; Kerfoot 0 2031; Gilbert MG, Gachathi FN & Gatheri GW 5213 1350-2439 m Psychotria kirkii Hiem var. tarambassica (Bremek.) Verde. Bytebier B et al. 241; Kerfoot 0 1966, 1967, 1968; Gilbert MG, Gachathi FN & Gatheri GW 5197 B. Bytebier & R. W. Bussmann 1600-2591 m Psychotria orophila Petit Bytebier Bet al. 14; Kerfoot 01953 2134-2400 m Psydrax schimperiana (A.Rieh.) Bridson ssp. schimperiana Bytebier B et al. 315 1600-1600 m Rytigynia uhligii (K.Sehum. & K.Krause) Verde. Bytebier B et al. 277 2350-2350 m Tarenna graveolens (S.Moore) Bremek. var. graveolens Kerfoot 0 1955 2286-2286 m Tarenna graveolens (S.Moore) Bremek. var. impolita Bridson Gilbert MG, Gaehathi FN & Gatheri GW 5190 1350-1350 m Vangueria apiculata K.Sehum. Gilbert MG, Gachathi FN & Gatheri GW 5215 1650-1650 m Vangueria madagascariensis J.F.Gmel. Bytebier Bet al. 301,346; Kerfoot 01954 1600-1829 m Vangueria volkensii K.Schum. var. volkensii Bytebier B et al. 275,328 1600-2350 m RUTACEAE Clausena anisata (Willd.) Benth. Bytebier Bet al. 5; Kerfoot 01993; Adamson J 396 2400-2652 m Teclea nobilis Delile Bytebier B et al. 42, 172; Kerfoot 0 1957 2400-2500 m Teclea simplicifolia (Engl.) Verd. Kerfoot 0 1980 2286-2286 m Vepris samburuensis Kokwaro Bytebier Bet al. 313 1600-1600 m SALVADORACEAE Salvadora persica L. var. persica Vegetation of Mt Nyiru: Checklist and Syntaxonomical Bono G 212 2000-2000 m SANTALACEAE Osyridicarpos schimperianus A.DC. Bytebier Bet al. 297,351 1600-1600 m Osyris abyssinica (Hochst.) A.Rich. Kerfoot a 2016 2286-2286 ill Osyris lanceolata Hochst. Bytebier B et al. 185 2500-2500 m & Steud. SAPINDACEAE Allophylus abyssinicus (Hochst.) Radlk. Bytebier B et al. 12 2400-2400 m Allophylus griseo-tomentosus Kerfoot a 1951 2134-2134 m Gilg Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Bytebier B et al. 311 1600-1600 m Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Kerfoot a 1981 2591-2591 m SAPOTACEAE Manilkara mochisia (Baker) Dubard Adamson TG 17; Kerfoot a 1947 914-2134 m Mimusops kummel A.DC. Bytebier B et al. 330, 349 1600-1600 m SCROPHULARIACEAE Bartsia longiflora Hochst. ex Benth. Adamson J 546 2743-2743 m Cycnium tenuisectum (StandI.) a.J.Hansen Bytebier B et al. 208 2500-2500 m Halleria lucida L. Bytebier B et al. 86; Adamson J 536; Kerfoot a 1975 2500-2743 m 67 Survey Hebenstretia angolensis Rolfe Bytebier Bet al. 162; Cameron JBC 126; Kerfoot a 2020 2439-2500 m Misopates orontium (L.) Raf. Archer PG 692 2286-2286 m Selago thomsonii Rolfe Bytebier B et al. 186, 364; Adamson J 553 1600-2743 m Verbascum brevipedicellatum (Engl.) Hub.-Mor. Bytebier Bet al. 30, 161; Adamson J 560 2400-2743 m Veronica anagallis-aquatica Bytebier B et al. 235 2550-2550 m L. SIMAROUBACEAE Brucea antidysenterica Lam. Bytebier Bet al. 16; Bono G 37 2400-2450 m SOLANACEAE Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. Bytebier Bet al. 65; Kerfoot a 1987 2400-2743 m Solanum benderianum Engl. Kerfoot a 2000 2591-2591 m Solanum incanum L. Bussmann R, Sight record 2350-2550 m Solanum indicum L. Bytebier B et al. 13, 266 2350-2400 m Solanum indicum L. ssp. adoense (Hochst.) Bitter Kerfoot a 1988, 1989 2439-2743 m Solanum indicum L. ssp. grandtfrons Bitter Bytebier Bet al. 75 2400-2400 m Solanum nigrum L. Bytebier B et al. 221; Bono G 134 2400-2500 m Solanum renschii Vatke Bytebier B et al. 305 1600-1600 m 68 Solanum schumannianum Dammer Bussmann R, Sight record 2350-2550 m Solanum terminale Forssk. Bytebier B et al. 28 2400-2400 m STERCULIACEAE Dombeya goetzenii K.Schum. Kerfoot 0 1941 2439-2439 m Dombeya rotundifolia Planch. Gilbert MG, Gachathi FN & Gatheri GW 5199 1600-1600 m THYMELAEACEAE Gnidia glauca (Fresen.) Gilg Bytebier Bet al. 165; Kerfoot 0 2005 Cameron JBC 122 2286-2500 m Struthiola thomsonii Olivo Bytebier Bet al. 203; Archer PG 706; Adamson J 545 2500-2743 m TILIACEAE Sparrmannia ricinocarpa (Eck!. & Zeyh.) Kuntze Kerfoot 0 2015 2439-2439 m UMBELLIFERAE Alepidea peduncularis A.Rich. Bytebier Bet al. 206; Kerfoot 0 2064; Cameron JBC 125; Archer PG 688; Adamson J 539 2439-2743 m Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoftin. var. sylvestris Bytebier B et al. 45, 209 2400-2500 m Diplolophium africanum Turcz. Adamson J 561 2439-2439 m Ferula communis L. Kerfoot 0 2026 2134-2134 m H eteromorpha trifoliata (H.L. Wend!.) Eck!. & Zeyh. B. Bytebier & R. W. Bussmann Bytebier B et al. 291; Bono G 21; Kerfoot 02027,2028 2286-2439 m Sanicula elata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Bytebier B et al. 18 2400-2400 m Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link Bytebier B et al. 264; Bussmann R 9784 2350-2450 m URTICACEAE Droguetia iners (Forssk.) Schweinf. Bussmann R, Sight record Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis Bytebier B et al. 282 2350-2350 m Laportea alatipes Hook.E Bytebier B et al. 3 2400-2400 m First record for K 1 Parietaria debilis G.Forst. Bytebier B et al. 43 2400-2400 m Pileajohnstonii Olivo Bussmann R, Sight record 2350-2550 m Urera hypselodendron Bytebier B et al. 100 2500-2500 m First record for K 1 (A.Rich.) Wedd. VERBENACEAE Clerodendrum johnstonii Olivo Kerfoot 0 1960 2439-2439 m Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) Vatke Bytebier B et al. 322; Gilbert MG, Gachathi FN & Gatheri GW 5200 1600-1600 m VIOLACEAE Viola abyssinica 0liv. Bytebier B et al. 54; Kerfoot 0 2102 2400-2743 m VISCACEAE Viscum triflorum DC. Bytebier B et al. 290 2350-2350 m Vegetation of Mt Nyiru: Checklist and Syntaxonomical Viscum tuberculatum A.Rich. Bussmann R 9749 2350-2550 m VITACEAE Cyphostemma bambuseti (Gilg & Brandt) Wild & R.B.Drumm. Bytebier B et at. 285 2350-2350 m First record for K 1 Cyphostemma kilimandscharicum (Gilg) Wild & R.B.Drumm. Bytebier B et at. 49 2400-2400 m Rhoicissus revoilii Planch. Bytebier B et at. 293 1600-1600 m MONOCOTYLEDONAE ALOACEAE Aloe Bytebier B et al. 360 1600-1600 m AMARYLLIDACEAE Survey 69 Bytebier B et at. 154 2500-2500 m Commelina benghalensis Wall. Kerfoot 2092 2743-2743 m Commelina foliacea Chiov. Bytebier B et at. 36 2400-2400 m Cyanotis foecunda Hassk. Bytebier B et at. 343; Bussmann R 9781 1600-2450 m 0 CYPERACEAE Cyperus Bytebier B et at. 68 2400-2400 m Cyperus comosipes Mattf. & Kiik. ssp. com osipes Bytebier B et at. 257 2350-2350 m Cyperus dichroostachyus A.Rich. Bytebier B et at. 234; Kerfoot 0 1926 2500-2743 m Cyperus impubes Steud. Bytebier B et al. 261 2350-2350 m Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Rat. Bytebier B et at. 256 2350-2350 m Cyperus niveus Retz. var. leucocephalus (Kunth) Fossberg Kerfoot 0 1924 2743-2743 m ASP ARAGACEAE Asparagus africanus Lam. Bytebier B et at. 183 2500-2500 m Asparagus falcatus L. var. ternifolius Jessop Bytebier B et at. 270 2350-2350 m Cyperus rigidifolius Steud. Bytebier Bet at. 59, 159 2400-2500 m Cyperus rohlfsii Boeck. Bytebier B et al. 342 1600-1600 m Cyperus sesquiflorus (Torr.) Mattf. & Kiik. ssp. appendiculatus (K.Schum.) Lye Bytebier B et at. 71 2400-2400 m ASPHODELACEAE Bulbine abyssinica A.Rich. Bytebier Bet al. 151,219; Bussmann R 9820 2450-2500 m COMMELINACEAE Aneilema leicocaule K.Schum. Bussmann R, Sight record 2350-2550 m Commelina africana L. Cyperus niger Ruiz & Pav. ssp. elegantulus (Steud.) Lye Kerfoot 0 1925 2743-2743 m Schoenoxiphium lehmannii (Nees) Steud. Bussmann R 9819 2350-2550 m DRACAENACEAE Dracaena afromontana Mildbr. 70 Bytebier B et at. 21 2400-2400 m Dracaena ellenbeckiana Engl. Bytebier Bet at. 358 1600-1600 m GRAMINEAE Agrostis schimperana Steud. Bytebier B et at. 228 2500-2500 m Andropogon Bytebier B et al. 153 2500-2500 m Brachypodium flexum Nees Bussmann R, Sight record Bromus leptoclados Nees Cameron JBC 116 2591-2591 m Chloris roxburghiana Schult. Bytebier B et at. 299 1600-1600 m Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis Bytebier B et al. 284 2350-2350 m Digitaria velutina (F orssk.) P .Beauv. Bytebier B et aZ. 296 1600-1600 m Ehrharta erecta Lam. var. abyssinica (Hochst.) Pilg. Bytebier Bet at. 61; Kerfoot 01930 2400-2743 m Eleusine multiflora A.Rich. Bytebier B et al. 166 2500-2500 m First record for Kl Enteropogon macrostachyus K.Schum. ex Engl. Bytebier B et at. 306 1600-1600 m Eragrostis schweinfurthii Chiov. Bytebier B et al. 195 2500-2500 m First record for K 1 Eragrostis tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Steud. Bytebier B et aZ. 89 2500-2500 m Exotheca abyssinica (A.Rich.) Andersson Bytebier B et at. 211 2500-2500 m B. Bytebier & R. W. Bussmann Leptochloa rupestris C.E.Hubb. Bytebier B et al. 303 1600-1600 m First record for K 1 Panicum deustum Thunb. Bytebier Bet at. 302 1600-1600 m Panicum hymeniochilum Nees Bytebier B et at. 229 2500-2500 m First record for Kl Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C.E.Hubb. Bytebier B et at. 353 1600-1600 m Sinarundinaria alpina (K.Schum.) C.S.Chao & Renvoize Bytebier B 2400-2400 Sporobolus Toumay Bytebier B 2500-2500 et al. 53 m africanus (Poir.) Robyns & et al. 99 m Stipa dregeana Steud. var. elongata (Nees) Stapf Bytebier B et at. 267 2350-2350 m HY ACINTHACEAE Albuca abyssinica Jacq. Bytebier B et al. 157 2500-2500 m HYPOXIDACEAE Hypoxis kilimanjarica Baker ssp. kilimanjarica Bytebier B et at. 90; Bussmann R 9776 2450-2500 m First record for K 1 Hypoxis obtusa Burch. Bytebier B et at. 214 2500-2500 m IRIDACEAE Aristea alata Baker Bytebier Bet at. 79; Adamson J 535 2500-2743 m GZadiolus goetzei Harms Archer PG 701 2439-2439 m Gladiolus newii Bak. Vegetation of Mt Nyiru: Checklist and Syntaxonomical Bytebier B et al. 218 2500-2500 m First record for Kl JUNCACEAE Juncus oyxcarpus Kunth Bytebier et al. 81, Bussmann R9760 2450-2500m ORCHIDACEAE Aerangis thomsonii (Rolfe) Schltr. Adamson TG 534; Bytebier B et al. 102 2350-2743 m Brownleea parviflora Lindl. Kerfoot 2100 2743-2743 m Diaphananthe rohrii (Rchb.f.) Summerh. Bytebier B et al. 13 1 2500-2500 m First record for Kl 0 Eulophia petersii Rchb.f. Bytebier B et al. 144 1600-1600 m Polystachya confusa Rolfe Archer PG 713; Bytebier Bet al. 110, 113, ~132, 133 2400-2652 m Polystachya piersii P.J.Cribb Bytebier B et al. 101; Archer PG 709 2350-2350 m Rangaeris amaniensis (Kraenzl.) Summerh. Bytebier Bet al. 142 2250-2250 m Survey 71