Copy of CHILDREN IN THE ANCIENT WORLD AND THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES. A BIBLIOGRAPHY (EIGHT CENTURY BC – EIGHT CENTURY AD) VILLE VUOLANTO, REIDAR AASGAARD, and OANA MARIA COJOCARU

Ville Vuolanto

Ville Vuolanto started this bibliography project in 2003 under the auspices of the University of Tampere as a modest enterprise of some 300 entries. Since then scholarship on ancient childhood has continued to flourish, and the original perspective of the bibliography has been widened from works by historians and classicists to include more and more scholarship from art history, archaeology and, in particular, Biblical and early Christian studies. The fourth edition had 1140 entries (2008), the fifth 1573 (2010), the sixth 1771 (2014), the seventh 2067 (2015), and the eighth 2186 (2016). Oana Maria Cojocaru has taken care of major part of the editorial process of the ninth edition. The earlier work of the research assistants (for the 2014 and 2015 editions) Camilla Christensen, Cecilie Krohn and Camilla Roll have been crucial for the outcome. The financial support from the Department of Philosophy, Classics, History of Art and Ideas (IFIKK, University of Oslo) and the Tiny Voices from the Past: New Perspectives on Childhood in Early Europe project (IFIKK, 2013–2017) - led by Reidar Aasgaard and financed by the University of Oslo and the Research Council of Norway - has made it possible to carry the project on (the bibliography is published on IFIKK internet pages: https://www.hf.uio.no/ifikk/english/research/projects/childhood/bibliography-ninth-edition.pdf). I want to thank also all those of you who have sent information about publications or mistakes in the bibliography. In the earlier phases of the project, the help and encouragement obtained from Kathleen Coleman and Christian Laes have been precious. The Academy of Finland, through the research project Religion and Children. Socialization in Pre-Modern Europe from the Roman Empire to the Christian World (2009–2012) funded the compilation of the fifth edition of this bibliography.

An on-line bibliography on childhood in the Ancient world and the Early Middle Ages. This Sept. 2015 version includes 2067 entries, which means over 15% increase since the 2014 version. This is mainly due to the more systematic approach to the early Christian scholarship. This 7th edition of the bibliography could not have been compiled and published without Reidar Aasgaard and Cecilie Krohn, and without the economic support from the Norwegian Research Council and IFIKK (University of Oslo). The main/primary publication of this resource can be found on the University of Oslo internet pages (http://www.hf.uio.no/ifikk/forskning/prosjekter/barndom/bibliography---endelig-september-2015.pdf). The bibliography is intended for both scholars and students. Those interested are more than welcome to propose additions and corrections. These can be sent to Ville Vuolanto at ville@vuolanto.fi. If you make extensive use of it, I will appreciate that you make reference to it in your scholarly publications. I hope it will be of help for your work.

14.345 entries on: Matrimony, Marriage, Family, Household, Kinship, Parenthood, Parenting, Motherhood, Maternity, Fatherhood, Parental love, Parental power, Pater familias, Mater familias, Parent-child relationship, Embryology, Procreation, Childbirth, Newborn, Breastfeeding, Nursing, Childcare, Childbearing, Pediatrics, Disability, Birth control, Eugenics, Infanticide, Exposure, Infancy, Childhood, Puberty, Youth, Adolescence, Illegitimacy, Orphanhood, Adoption, Education, Play, Every day life, Pederasty, Incest, Rape, Virginity, Gynecology, Obstetrics, Midwifery, Fertility, Sterility, Contraception, Abortion, Pregnancy, Sex, Sexuality, Love, Eros, Nuptiality, Time to marriage, Rites of passage, Dowry, Bride, Wife, Womanhood, Feminity, Gender, Lesbianism, Prostitution, Misogyny, Adultrery, Divorce, Demographical problems, Death and burials practices.

CHILDREN IN THE ANCIENT WORLD AND THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES. A BIBLIOGRAPHY (EIGHT CENTURY BC – EIGHT CENTURY AD) VILLE VUOLANTO, REIDAR AASGAARD, and OANA MARIA COJOCARU Preface to the Ninth edition (January 2018, 2351 entries) Ville Vuolanto started this bibliography project in 2003 under the auspices of the University of Tampere as a modest enterprise of some 300 entries. Since then scholarship on ancient childhood has continued to flourish, and the original perspective of the bibliography has been widened from works by historians and classicists to include more and more scholarship from art history, archaeology and, in particular, Biblical and early Christian studies. The fourth edition had 1140 entries (2008), the fifth 1573 (2010), the sixth 1771 (2014), the seventh 2067 (2015), and the eighth 2186 (2016). Oana Maria Cojocaru has taken care of the major part of the editorial process of the ninth edition. The earlier work of the research assistants (for the 2014 and 2015 editions) Camilla Christensen, Cecilie Krohn and Camilla Roll have been crucial for the outcome. The financial support from the Department of Philosophy, Classics, History of Art and Ideas (IFIKK, University of Oslo) and the Tiny Voices from the Past: New Perspectives on Childhood in Early Europe project (IFIKK, 2013–2017), led by Reidar Aasgaard and financed by the University of Oslo and the Research Council of Norway has made it possible to carry the project on. I want to thank also all those of you who have sent information about publications or mistakes in the bibliography. In the earlier phases of the project, the help and encouragement obtained from Kathleen Coleman and Christian Laes have been precious. The Academy of Finland, through the research project Religion and Children. Socialization in Pre-Modern Europe from the Roman Empire to the Christian World (2009–2012) funded the compilation of the fifth edition of this bibliography. 1 Character of the bibliography, hints for use, updates As a main rule, only entries in English, French, German, Italian and Spanish are included. The main language of the bibliography is English. This means that translations in English from other languages are occasionally mentioned along with the original editions. Editions of primary texts, entries in dictionaries (such as OCD, RLAC or RE), conference abstract books, or forthcoming publications and translations to other languages than English are not included. The bibliography is extensive. The most convenient way of using it is to make the most of the search options in your internet browser. Please remember to do your searches in different languages, with synonyms and alternate spellings. As the intention is that the bibliography be updated regularly, I would be grateful to receive additions and corrections. These can be sent to ville(at)vuolanto.fi. *** The bibliography is intended for both scholars and students. I hope it will be of help for your work. If you make extensive use of it, I will appreciate that you make reference to it in your scholarly publications. Tampere, January 3, 2018 Ville Vuolanto 2 Aarde, Andries van. 2001. Fatherless in Galilee: Jesus as a Child of God. Harrisburg, Pa: Trinity Int. Aasgaard, Reidar. 2004. "My Beloved Brothers and Sisters!": Christian Siblingship in Paul. London: T&T Clark International. Aasgaard, Reidar. 2006. "Children in Antiquity and Early Christianity: Research History and Central Issues." Familia (UPSA, Spain) 33: 23–46. Aasgaard, Reidar. 2007. "Paul as a Child: Children and Childhood in the Letters of the Apostle." Journal of Biblical Literature (JBL) 126 (1): 129–59. τasgaard, Reidar. 2ίίκ. Οδike a Childμ θaul‘s Rhetorical Uses of Childhood.Ο In The Child in the Bible, edited by Marcia J. Bunge, 249–77. Grand Rapids, Mich: Eerdmans. Aasgaard, Reidar. 2009a. "From Boy to Man in Antiquity: Jesus in the Apocryphal Infancy Gospel of Thomas." THYMOS: Journal of Boyhood Studies 3 (1): 3–20. Aasgaard, Reidar. 2009b. The Childhood of Jesus: Decoding the Apocryphal Infancy Gospel of Thomas. Eugene, Or.: Cascade Books. Aasgaard, Reidar. 2009c. "Uncovering Children's Culture in Late Antiquity: The Testimony of the Infancy Gospel of Thomas." In Children in Late Ancient Christianity, , edited by Cornelia B. Horn and Robert R. Phenix, 1–27. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck Aasgaard, Reidar. 2015. "Growing Up in Early Constantinople: Fifth-Century Life in a Christian City from a Child's Perspective." In Children and Family in Late Antiquity. Life, Death and Interaction edited by C. Laes, K. Mustakallio, and V.Vuolanto, 135– 167. Leuven & Walpole: Peeters. Aasgaard, Reidar. 2017. "How close can we get to ancient childhood? Methodological achievements and new advances." In Children and Everyday Life in the Roman and Late Antique World, edited by Christian Laes and Ville Vuolanto, 318–331. London and New York: Routledge. Aasgaard, Reidar. 2018. "Childhood in 400 CE: Jerome, John Chrysostom, and Augustine on Children and Their Formation." In Childhood in History: Perceptions of Children in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds, edited by Reidar Aasgaard, Cornelia Horn, and Oana Maria Cojocaru, 157–73. London and New York: Routledge. Abbondanza, Letizia. 1996. "Immagini dell'infanzia di Achille in età imperiale: continuità di un paradigma educativo." OCNUS. Quaderni della scuola di specializzazione in archeologia - Bologna 4: 9–33. Abd El-Maksoud, Mohamed, Ahmed Add El-Fattah, and Mervat Seif El-Din. 2012. "La fouille du Boubasteion d‘τlexandrieμ présentation préliminaire.Ο In L'enfant et la mort 3 dans l'antiquité III. Le matériel associé aux tombes d'enfants, edited by Antoine Hermary and Céline Dubois, 427–446. Aix–en–θrovenceμ Bibliothèque d‘τrchéologie Méditerranéenneet Africaine Abelow, Benjamin J. 2011. "The Shaping of New Testament Narrative and Salvation Teachings by Painful Childhood Experience." Archive for the Psychology of Religion/Archiv für Religionspychologie 33 (1): 1–54. Abrahamse, Dorothy. 1979. "Images of childhood in early Byzantine hagiography." Journal of Psychohistory 6: 497–517. Ackerman, Susan. 1992. Under Every Green Tree: Popular Religion in Sixth-Century Judah. Harvard Semitic Monographs 46. Atlanta: Scholars. τdam, Sophia. 1λκ4. Οδ‘avortement dans l‘antiquité grecque.Ο In MNHMH Georges A. Petropoulos, edited by A. Biscardi, 141–53. Athénes Symposion. Adams, Samuel L. 2014. Social and Economic Life in Second Temple Judea. Louisville: Westminster John Knox. Adams, Sean A. 2016. "Luke and Progymnasmata: Rhetorical Handbooks, Rhetorical Sophistication and Genre Selection." In Ancient Education and Early Christianity, edited by Matthew Ryan Hauge and Andrew W. Pitts, 137–54. London: Bloomsbury. τgustoni, Clara. 1λλλ. ΟEn marge de l‘expositionμ Des goûts et des couleurs. Un biberon pour les enfants à la Poya (Fribourg)." Cahiers d‘archéologie fribourgeoise 1: 9–10. Alan, Booth. 1973. "Punishment, discipline and riot in the schools of antiquity." EMC/CV 17: 107–14. Aland, Kurt. 1967. Die Stellung der Kinder in den frühen christlichen Gemeinden und ihre Taufe. Theologische Existenz Heute, Neue Folge no. 138. München: C. Kaiser. Alaux, Jean. 1995. Le liège et le filet. Filiation et lien familial dans la tragédie athénienne du Ve siècle av. JC. Paris: Berlin. Alberici, Lisa A., and Mary Harlow. 2007. "Age and Innocence: Female Transitions to Adulthood in Late Antiquity." In Constructions of Childhood in Ancient Greece and Italy, edited by Ada Cohen and Jeremy B. Rutter, 193–203. Princeton: American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Albertz, Rainer. 1994. A History of Israelite Religion in the Old Testament Period. Vol. 1: From the Beginnings to the End of the Monarchy. Translated by John Bowden. Louisville: Westminster John Knox. Alciati, Roberto, and Maria Chiara Giorda. 2010. "Famiglia cristiana e pratica monastica (IV– VII secolo)." Annali di storia dell‘esegesi 27: 265–290. 4 Alduc–Le Bagousse, Armelle, and Didier Paillard. 1998. "Inhumations d'enfants comme témoin social. La nécropole Michelet à Lisieux." In Naître et grandir en Pays d'Auge (Catalogue de l'exposition), 19–25. Billot: Histoire et traditions populaires – Foyer rural du Billot. Alduc–Le Bagousse, Armelle, and Joel Blondiaux. 2001. ‗Hyperostoses corticales fœtale et infantile à Lisieux (IVe siècle): retour à Costebelles‘. Var: Centre Archéologique du Var. Alduc–Le Bagousse, Armelle. 1994. "Comportements à l'égard des nouveau–nés et des petits–enfants dans les sociétés de la fin de l'antiquité et du haut Moyen Âge." In L'enfant, son corps, son histoire, edited by L. Buchet, 81–95. Sophia Antipolis Éditions APDCA. Alduc–Le Bagousse, Armelle. 1996. "Inhumations d'enfants et environnement social en Basse–Normandie (fin de l'Antiquité – haut Moyen Âge)." In L‘identité des populations archéologiques, Actes des XVIe Rencontres Internationales d‘Archéologie et d‘Histoire d‘Antibes, 443–55. Sophia Antipolis: Éditions APDCA, 1996. Alexander, Philip. 2011. "Jesus and his Mother in the Jewish Anti–Gospel (the Toledot Yeshu)." In Infancy gospels: stories and identities, edited by Claire Clivaz, Andreas Dettwiler, Luc Devillers, Enrico Norelli and Benjamin Bertho. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. Alexandre–Bidon, Danièle, and Didier Lett. 1997. Les Enfants au Moyen Age Ve–XVe siècles. Paris Hachette. Translated in English under the title Children in the Middle Ages: fifth–fifteenth centuries. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1999. Alexandre–Bidon, Danièle, and Pierre Riché. 1994. L'enfance au Moyen Âge. Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale de France–Seuil. Alexandre–Bidon, Danièle, and θierre Riché. 1λλι. ΟδΤenfant au εoyen Âge‖μ état de la question." In La petite enfance dans l'Europe médiévale et moderne. Actes des XVIe Journées Internationales d'Histoire de l'Abbaye de Flaran, septembre 1994, edited by R. Fossier, 7–29. Toulouse: P. U. du Mirail. Alexandridou, Alexandra. 2012. "Le traitement funéraire des immatures dans la nécropole archaïque de Vari." In L'enfant et la mort dans l'antiquité III. Le matériel associé aux tombes d'enfants, textes réunis et édités par Antoine Hermary et Céline Dubois, 39–56. Aix–en–Provence: Centre Camille Jullian. Allély, Annie. 2003. "Les enfants malformés et considérés comme prodigia à Rome et en Italie sous la République‘.Ο Revue des Études Anciennes 105: 127–56. 5 Allély, Annie. 2004. "Les enfants malformés et handicapes a Rome sous le principat." Revue des Études Anciennes 106 (1): 73–101. Allély, Annie. 2008. "Le sort des enfants des 'hostes publici' a Rome a la fin de la Republique. L'exemple des 'Aemilii Lepidi." Athenaeum 96 (2): 609–22. Allély, Annie. 2017. "L'exposition des petites filles à Rome sous la République et sous le Principat." In Accueil et soin de l'enfant. τnnales de Bretagne et des pays de l‘ηuest, tome 124, edited by Véronique Dasen et Patricia Gaillard-Seux, 49–64. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes. Allison, Penelope M. 2006. "Artefact distribution within the auxiliary fort at Ellingen: evidence for building use and for the presence of women and children." Bericht den Römisch–Germanischen Kommission 87: 387–452. Altman, Addie. 2003. The Jewish Child's Bible Stories Told in Simple Language (1915): Kessinger Publishing. Alvoni, Giovanna. 2005. "Die Lebensalter (AP VI 68, 10)." Hermes 133 (2): 243–4. Ambuehl, Annemarie. 2007. "Children as Poets, Poets as Children? Romantic Constructions of Childhood and Hellenistic Poetry." In Constructions of Childhood in Ancient Greece and Italy, edited by Ada Cohen and Jeremy B. Rutter, 373–83. Princeton: American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Amedick, Rita. 1991a. "Die Kinder des Kaisers Claudius. Zu den Porträts des Tiberius Claudius Britannicus und der Octavia Claudia." RM 98: 373–95. Amedick, Rita. 1991b. Die Sarkophage mit Darstellungen aus dem Menschenleben: vita privata Die antiken Sarkophagreliefs 1:4. Berlin: Mann. Amedick, Rita. 1992. "Die Kinder des Marc Aurel und die Bildnistypen der Faustina Minor." ZPE 90: 147–167. Amedick, Rita. 1993. "Zur Ikonographie der Sarkophage mit Darstellungen aus der Vita Privata und dem Curriculum Vitae eines Kindes." In Grabeskunst der römischen Kaiserzeit, edited by G. Koch, 143–53. Mainz: Zabern. Amedick, Rita. 1999. "Orestes oder Telephos? Ein römischer Kindersarkophag mit singulärem Mythenbild." RM 106: 133–147. Ammermann, Rebecca Miller. 2007. "Children at Risk: Votive Terracottas and the Welfare of Infants at Paestum." In Constructions of Childhood in Ancient Greece and Italy, edited by Ada Cohen and Jeremy B. Rutter, 131–51. Princeton: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 6 Amundsen, Darrel W. 1987. "Medicine and the birth of defective children. Approaches of the ancient world." In Euthanasia and the Newborn. Conflicts Regarding Saving Lives, edited by R.C. McMillan, H.T. Engelhardt and S.F. Spicker, 3–22. Dordrecht: D. Reidel. André, Jean–Marie. 1991. "Jouer dans l'antiquité. Catalogue d'exposition." In Jeux et divertissements dans le monde gréco–romain, 27–39. Marseille: Réunion des Musées Nationaux. André, Jean–Marie. 1992. "Jeux et divertissements dans le monde gréco–romain." Jeux et jouets dans l'Antiquité et le Moyen Age: Les Dossiers de l'Archéologie 168: 36–45. Andreau, J., and H. Bruhns, eds. 1990. Parenté et stratégies familiales dans l‘antiquité romaine, Acts de la table ronde des 2–4 october 1986. Rome: Ecole Française de Rome. Angelov, Dimiter G. 2009. "Emperors and Patriarchs as Ideal Children and Adolescents: Literary Conventions and Cultural Expectations." In Becoming Byzantine: Children and Childhood in Byzantium, edited by Arietta Papaconstantinou and Alice–Mary Talbot, 85–125. Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks. Antoniadis–Bibicou, H. 1973. "La place de l'enfant dans la société: quelques notes sur l'enfant de la Moyenne Epoque Byzantine (du VIe au XIIe siècle)." Annales de démographie historique: 77–84. Arata, Francesco Paolo. 1993. "Lo Hercules infans dracones duos strangulans del Museo Capitolino. Contributo all'iconografia imperiale d'età antonina." BCAR (Bullettino della Commissione archeologica comunale di Roma – Roma) 95 (2): 73–96. Arends Olsen, Lise 1999. La femme et l'enfant dans les unions illégitimes à Rome. L'évolution du droit jusqu'au début de l'Empire. Bern: Lang. Argetsinger, Kathryn. 1992. "Birthday rituals: friends and patrons in Roman poetry and cult." Classical Antiquity 11 (2): 175–93. Ariantzi, Despoina. 2008. "Kinderarbeit in Byzanz im Rahmen der Familie auf Grund der hagiographischen Quellen vom 6. bis zum 11. Jahrhundert." In Laetae Segetes Iterum, 405 – 413. Brno. τriantzi, Despoina. 2ί12a. ΟEvelyne θatlagean‘s Ideas on Childhoodμ τ θresentation of her Views and their Importance for Future Research." In Les Réseaux Familiaux. Antiquité tardive et Moyen Âge in memoriam A. Laiou et É. Patlagean, edited by B. Caseau, 77– λ1. θarisμ τCHCByz (Centre de Recherche d‘histoire et Civilisation de Byzance). 7 Ariantzi, Despoina. 2012b. Kindheit in Byzanz. Emotionale, geistige und materielle Entwicklung im familiären Umfeld vom 6. Bis zum 11. Jahrhundert, Millennium– Studien zu Kultur und Geschichte des ersten Jahrtausends n.Chr. Vol. 36. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter. Ariès, Philippe. 1960. L‘enfant et la vie familiale sous l‘ancien régime. Paris: Librairie Plon. Translated in English under the title Centuries of childhood. London: Pimlico, 1996. Translated in Norwegian under the title Barndommens historie. Oslo: Pensumtjeneste, 2003. Arjava, Antti. 1996. Women and Law in Late Antiquity. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Arjava, Antti. 1998a. "Ein verschollenes Gesetz des Codex Theodosianus über uneheliche Kinder (CTh 4,6,7a)." ZRG RomAbt 115: 414–18. Arjava, Antti. 1998b. "Paternal Power in Late Antiquity." JRS (The Journal of Roman studies) 88: 147–165. Arjava, Antti. 1999a. "Die Römische Vormundschaft und das völljahrigkeitsalter in Ägypten." ZPE 126: 202–4. Arjava, Antti. 1999b. "Eine Freilassung aus der väterlichen Gewalt, CPR VI 78." Tyche 14: 15–22. Arjava, Antti. 2005. "A Bibliography on Women and the Family in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (2nd to 7th Century AD)." http://faculty.nipissingu.ca/muhlberger/ORB/arjava3.htm Armani, Sabine. 2012. "Nieces and Nephews: An Epigraphic Approach." In Families in the Roman and Late Antique World, edited by Mary Harlow and Lena Larsson Lovén, 85– 110. New York and London: Continuum. Arnaoutoglou, I. 1995. "Marital Disputes in Greco–Roman Egypt." JJP (Journal of Jurisitic Papyrology) 25: 11–28. Ash, Avner D., and Rosemary E. Reiss. 1988. "The Eight–month Fetus: Classical Sources for a Modern Superstition." Obstetrics and Gynecology 71: 270–273. Asher-Greve, Julia. 2002. "Decisive Sex, Essential Gender." In Sex and Gender in the Ancient Near East: Proceedings of the 47th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Helsinki, July 2–6, 2001, edited by Simo Parpola, and Robert M. Whiting, 11–26. CRRAI 47. Helsinki: Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project. Asplund Ingemark, Camilla and Dominic Ingemark. 2013. "More than Scapegoating: the Therapeutic Potential of Stories of Child–killing demons in Ancient Greece and 8 Rome." In Therapeutic uses of storytelling: an interdisciplinary approach to narration as therapy, edited by Camilla Asplund Ingemark. Lund: Nordic Academic Press. Asso, Paolo. 2010. "Queer Consolation: Melior's Dead Boy in Statius' Silvae 2.1." American Journal of Philology 131: 663–697. Atherton, Catherine, and Alan H. Sommerstein, eds. 1996. Education in Greek Fiction. Bari: Levante Editori. Atherton, Catherine. 1998. "Children, Animals, Slaves and Grammar." In Pedagogy and Power. Rhetorics of Classical Learning, edited by Yun Lee Too and Niall Livingstone. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Aubert, Jean–Jacques. 1989. "Threatened wombs: aspects of ancient uterine magic." Greek Roman Byzantine Studies 30 (3): 421–99. Aubert, Jean–Jacques. 2ίί4. Οδa procreation (divinement) assistée dans l‘τntiquité gréco– romaine." In Naissance et petite enfance dans l'Antiquité: actes du colloque de Fribourg, 28 novembre – 1er décembre 2001, edited by Véronique Dasen, 187–98. Fribourg: Academic Press. Aubin, Melissa M. 2000. "More apparent than real? Questioning the difference in marital age between Christian and Non–Christian women of Rome during the third and fourth century." Ancient History Bulletin 14: 1– 13. Auger, Danièle, ed. 1995a. Enfants et enfances dans les mythologies, Actes du VIIe colloque du Centre de Recherches Mythologiques, Chantilly 16–18 septembre 1992. Paris: Belles Lettres. τuger, Danièle. 1λλ5b. Οτ l‘ombre des jeunes garcons en fleurs.Ο In Enfants et enfances dans les mythologies, (Actes du VIIe colloque du Centre de Recherches mythologiques de Paris 10, 1992) edited by Danièle Auger, 77–101. Paris: Belles Lettres. Ault, Bradley A, and Lisa C. Nevett, eds. 2005. Ancient Greek Houses and Households: Chronological, Regional, and Social Diversity. Philadelphia, Penn: University of Pennsylvania Press. Avissar-Lewis, Rona S. 2010. "Childhood and Children in the Maternal Culture of the Land of Israel from the Middle Bronze Age to the Iron Age." PhD dissertation, Bar-Ilan University. Backe, τnnika. 2ίί5. Ο―… dem geliebten Sohn, er lebte elf εonate, drei Tage und acht Stunden‖. Kinderleben spiegeln sich in der römischen Grabkunst wider.Ο Antike Welt 2: 89–96. 9 Backe, Annika. 2015. "Römische Kinderkleidung zwischen Realität und Repräsentation." In Das Bild vom Kind im Spiegel seiner Kleidung –Von prähistorischer Zeit bis zur Gegenwart, edited by Annette Paetz gen. Schieck and Uta–Christiane Bergemann, 56– 75. Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner. Backe–Dahmen, Annika 2006. Innocentissima aetas – Römische Kindheit im Spiegel literarischer, rechtlicher und archäologischer Quellen des 1. bis 4. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. (with English summary). Mainz am Rhein: Von Zabern. Backe–Dahmen, Annika. 2008. Die Welt der Kinder in der Antike (Zaberns Bildbaende zur Archaeologie). Mainz am Rhein: Von Zabern. Badel, Christophe. 2012. "L'adoption: un modèle dépassé?" In Les stratégies familiales dans l'Antiquité tardive, edited by C. Badel and C. Settipani, 81–108. Paris: De Boccard. Baggieri, Gaspare. 1999. L'antica anatomia nell'arte dei donaria (seconda edizioni di "Speranza e sofferenza" nei votivi anatomici dell'antichità). Roma: Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali. Bagnall, Roger S. 1997. "Missing females in Roman Egypt." Scripta Classica Israelica 16: 121–38. Bagnall, Roger S., and Bruce W. Frier. 1994. The Demography of Roman Egypt. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Bailey, James L. 1995. "Experiencing the Kingdom as a Little Child: A Rereading of Mark 10: 13–16." Word and World 15: 58–67. Baills–Talbi, Nathalie, and Veronique Dasen. 2008. "Rites funéraires et pratiques magiques." In Nasciturus, Infans, Puerulus Vobis Mater Terra: La Muerte En La Infancia, edited by Gusi Jener, Susanna Muriel and Carmen Rosa Olaria Puyoles, 595–618. Castello: Deputacion de Castello. Baills–Talbi, ζathalie. 2ί12. ΟSentiment de l‘enfance et reconnaissance socialeμ la place des enfants en bas âge (0–4 ans) dans les Trois Gaules (Ier s. av. J. –C. –Ve. ap. J. –C.): étude des comportements au travers des sources littéraires, iconographiques, anthropologiques, archéologiques et ethnologiques." PhD dissertation, Université Paris 1 Panthéon–Sorbonne. 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