Academic literature on the topic 'Action verbs'
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Journal articles on the topic "Action verbs":
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Lein, Adeline Lelo, Faizal Arvianto, and Kristofel Bere Nahak. "VERBA BERKLITIK DALAM BAHASA LAMAHOLOT DIALEK LEWOKLUOK (Clitic Verb on Lamholot Language Lewokluok Dialect)." Kandai 18, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/jk.v18i2.3506.
Abstract:
This reseacrh contains: (1) morphosyntax and semantic-syntax classification of clitic verb and (2) shape of clitic verb in Lamaholot language Lewokluok dialect (BLDL). In morphosyntax clitic verb on BLDL only consist of action verbs and process-action verb and syntactically is a transitive verb (V. trans+action). In addition, proclitic verbs on BLDL also have a semantic features action but syntactically is an intransitive verb (V. intrans+action). BLDL does not have proclitic verb which is syntactically ditranstive category. While the enclitic verbs on BLDL consists of action verbs, motion verbs), and cognition verbs, and semantic-syntactically is a verb that has semantic features action and process, but generally enclitic verb on BLDL is syntactically intransitive category. Based on its form, BLDL’s verb consist of (1) verbs that cannot stand alone (bound root morpheme) that must be attached to proclitic; and (2) verbs that can stand alone (free root morpheme) and can attach themselves to clitic. In addition, BLDL verb forms also can appear as (3) verbs that can stand alone, without experiencing any process-called simple verb; (4) The verb that has serialization structure or serial verbs. Tulisan ini berisi tentang (1) klasifikasi verba berklitik secara morfosintaksis dan semantis-sintaksis dalam bahasa Lamaholot dialek Lewokluok (BLDL); (2) bentuk verba berklitik dalam BLDL. Secara morfosintaksis verba berproklitik pada BLDL hanya terdiri atas verba aksi (actions) dan verba aksi-proses (action-process) dan secara sintaksis merupakan verba transitif (V. trans+aksi). Selain itu, verba berproklitik pada BLDL juga memiliki ciri semantis tindakan namun secara sintaksis merupakan verba intransitif (V. intrans+aksi). BLDL tidak memiliki verba berproklitik yang secara sintaksis berupa dwitransitif. Sedangkan pada verba berenklitik pada BLDL terdiri atas verba aksi (actions), verba gerakan (motion), dan verba kognisi, dan secara semantis-sintaksis merupakan verba yang memiliki ciri semantis tindakan (actions) dan proses. Namun, umumnya secara sintaksis verba berenklitik pada BLDL berkategori verba intransitif. Verba BLDL ditinjau dari segi bentuk terdiri atas (1) verba yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri (bound root morpheme) sehingga wajib mendapat bentuk klitik, dan dalam penelitian ini peneliti menyebutnya sebagai verba berprolitik; dan (2) verba yang dapat berdiri sendiri (free root morpheme) dan bisa melekatkan diri pada klitik. Selain itu, bentuk verba BLDL juga dapat tampil menjadi (3) verba yang dapat berdiri sendiri, tanpa mengalami proses apapun atau disebut dengan verba sederhana; (4) verba yang memiliki struktur serialisasi atau verba serial.
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Syifa, Rizal D., and Agus Subiyanto. "KONSTRUKSI RELASI SEMANTIK VERBA SERIAL DALAM BAHASA KEDANG." Widyaparwa 50, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/wdprw.v50i1.899.
Abstract:
This research is a qualitative descriptive study that discusses the semantic relation of serial verbs construction in Kedang language. There are two sources of data, namely; primary data obtained through interviews and secondary data obtained through language documentation. The data were analyzed using the agih and padan method which was initiated by Sudaryanto, then adjusted to Dixon's typology theory regarding the pattern of serial verb formation. The results showed that there were eight semantic relations of serial verbs in Kedang language, are (1) motion/displacement, (2) objective, (3) manner, (4) cause - effect, (5) locative, (6) aspectual, (7) benefactive. , and (8) causative. From the serialization, there is a special pattern of rules in the Kedang language, namely; (a) action-manner pattern for manner verbs, (b) action-purpose pattern for objective verbs, (c) action-location pattern for locative verbs, and (d) action (cause) - action (effect) pattern. There are two argument interpretations which can be classified as satelite verb in benefactive verb.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang membahas tentang relasi semantik konstruksi verba serial dalam bahasa Kedang. Ada dua sumber data, yaitu data primer yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui dokumentasi bahasa. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode agih dan padan dari Sudaryanto, yang kemudian disesuaikan dengan teori tipologi dari Dixon mengenai pola pembentukan verba serial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada delapan relasi semantis verba serial dalam bahasa Kedang, kedelapan relasi semantis tersebut yaitu (1) gerak/perpindahan, (2) objektif, (3) kecaraan, (4) sebab akibat, (5) lokatif, (6) aspektual, (7) benefaktif, dan (8) kausatif. Dari serialisasi tersebut, terdapat pola kaidah khusus dalam bahasa Kedang, yaitu; (a) pola tindakan-cara untuk verba kecaraan, (b) pola tindakan-tujuan untuk verba objektif, (c) pola tindakan-lokasi untuk verba lokatif, dan (d) pola tindakan (penyebab) - tindakan (akibat). Ada dua interpretasi argumen yang dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai bahasa berkerangka verba dalam serialisasi benefaktif.
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Peelen, Marius V., Domenica Romagno, and Alfonso Caramazza. "Independent Representations of Verbs and Actions in Left Lateral Temporal Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 24, no. 10 (October 2012): 2096–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00257.
Abstract:
Verbs and nouns differ not only on formal linguistic grounds but also in what they typically refer to: Verbs typically refer to actions, whereas nouns typically refer to objects. Prior neuroimaging studies have revealed that regions in the left lateral temporal cortex (LTC), including the left posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG), respond selectively to action verbs relative to object nouns. Other studies have implicated the left pMTG in action knowledge, raising the possibility that verb selectivity in LTC may primarily reflect action-specific semantic features. Here, using functional neuroimaging, we test this hypothesis. Participants performed a simple memory task on visually presented verbs and nouns that described either events (e.g., “he eats” and “the conversation”) or states (e.g., “he exists” and “the value”). Verb-selective regions in the left pMTG and the left STS were defined in individual participants by an independent localizer contrast between action verbs and object nouns. Both regions showed equally strong selectivity for event and state verbs relative to semantically matched nouns. The left STS responded more to states than events, whereas there was no difference between states and events in the left pMTG. Finally, whole-brain group analysis revealed that action verbs, relative to state verbs, activated a cluster in pMTG that was located posterior to the verb-selective pMTG clusters. Together, these results indicate that verb selectivity in LTC is independent of action representations. We consider other differences between verbs and nouns that may underlie verb selectivity in LTC, including the verb property of predication.
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GOLDFIELD, BEVERLY A. "Nouns before verbs in comprehension vs. production: the view from pragmatics." Journal of Child Language 27, no. 3 (October 2000): 501–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900004244.
Abstract:
This study examines pragmatic factors that bias English-speaking children to produce more of the nouns and fewer of the verbs that they know. If nouns are favoured for production, parents should elicit more nouns than verbs in child speech. If verb comprehension is favoured over verb production, parents should more often prompt children to produce an action than to produce a verb. Data from 44 parent–child (age 1;8) dyads in the New England directory of the CHILDES data base were analysed. Children produced more nouns than verbs but mothers produced more verbs than nouns. Speech act analyses indicate that mothers elicited noun production but rarely prompted children to produce verbs. Mothers more often prompted children to produce an action than to produce a verb, and verbs occurred most often in maternal speech acts used to elicit children's actions. Moreover, children comprehended many more verbs than they produced. These data suggest that production measures underestimate the frequency and significance of verb-learning in early lexical development.
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Lim, Khai-in. "Causatives and causativation in Tangut language." International Journal of Chinese Linguistics 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 238–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.18010.lim.
Abstract:
Abstract This paper focuses on the causative verb 𘃡 wji1 and 𗟻 phji1 in the Tangut language. Causatives can be subcategorized as adversity causatives, transitive verbs (lexical causatives of intransitive verbs), analytic causatives of intransitive verbs, and causatives of transitive verbs. I argue that adversity causatives are expressed by 𘃡 wji1, while 𗟻 phji1 serves as the verb marking causatives of transitive verbs. Causatives of intransitive verbs can be divided according the directness of the action: direct actions, which often apply on inanimate objects, are causativized by 𘃡 wji1 (or use other transitive verbs), and indirect actions, which usually apply on animate objects, are causativized by 𗟻 phji1.
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Andrén, Mats, and Johan Blomberg. "Children’s use of gesture and action with static and dynamic verbs." Language, Interaction and Acquisition 9, no. 1 (May 9, 2018): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lia.15015.and.
Abstract:
Abstract The present study investigates the use of gestures by 18-, 24- and 30-month-old Swedish children, as well as their practical actions in coordination with verbs. Previous research on connections between children’s verbs and gestures has mainly focused only on iconic gestures and action verbs. We expand the research foci in two ways: we look both at gestures and at practical actions, examining how the two are coordinated with static verbs (e.g. sleep) and dynamic verbs (e.g. fall). Thanks to these additional distinctions, we have found that iconic gestures and iconic actions (the latter in particular) most commonly occurred with dynamic verbs. Static verbs were most commonly accompanied by deictic actions and deictic gestures (the latter in particular). At 30 months, deictic bodily expressions, including both gestures and actions, increased, whereas iconic expressions decreased. We suggest that this may reflect a transition to less redundant ways of using bodily expressions at 30 months, where bodily movement increasingly takes on the role of specifying verb arguments rather than expressing the semantics of the verb itself.
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Gould, Kevin M., and Laura A. Michaelis. "Match, mismatch, and envisioning transfer events." Constructions and Frames 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 234–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.00020.gou.
Abstract:
Abstract Prior studies suggest that language users perform motoric simulations when construing action sentences and that verbs and constructions each contribute to simulation-based representation (Glenberg & Kaschak 2002; Richardson et al. 2003; Bergen et al. 2007; Bergen & Wheeler 2010). This raises the possibility that motorically grounded verb and construction meanings can interact during sentence understanding. In this experiment, we use the action-sentence compatibility effect methodology to investigate how a verb’s lexical-class membership, constructional context, and constructional bias modulate motor simulation effects. Stimuli represent two classes of transfer verbs and two constructions that encode transfer events, Ditransitive and Oblique Goal (Goldberg 1995). Findings reveal two kinds of verb-construction interactions. First, verbs in their preferred construction generate stronger simulation effects overall than those in their dispreferred construction. Second, verbs that entail change of possession generate strong motor-simulation effects irrespective of constructional context, while those entailing causation of motion exert such effects only when enriched up to change-of-possession verbs in the semantically mismatched Ditransitive context. We conclude that simulation effects are not isolable to either verbs or constructions but instead arise from the interplay of verb and construction meaning.
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Mukhamedjanova, Shahbora Kamolovna. "Semantic Features of the Verb来 [LÁI]." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, no. 4 (April 3, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i4.2564.
Abstract:
Describing the semantics of a verb is a much more difficult task. Because the content of the verb depends in many ways on its distribution. With this in mind, verbs are classified according to the direction of their meaning and the presence or absence of subject-objects with which they interact, and their number, if any. Chinese language researchers classify action verbs as part of a group of action verbs. These verbs can appear in a sentence as an independent verb predicate or as an additional part of speech as a modifier or directional morpheme. These simple verbs represent 来 [lái] to come and 去 [qù] to leave directions of action. They form compound verbs with the same meaning. The verb 来 to come is used when the action is directed to the speaker (or object), and the verb 去 to leave is used if the action is directed away from the speaker (or object). Orientation, in turn, can be set by the object or subject: when the orientation is indicated in the sentence - the object, if not specified - by the subject. Verb 来 [lái] is included in the group of basic simple action verbs in Chinese. The peculiarity of the semantics of the verb 来 [lái] to come is that it determines not only the orientation or direction of the action but also the point of the message, who (or what) describes the situation. The article examines the semantic features of the verbs of 来 [lái] directions of action. Based on the materials in Liu Shushiang’s book “现 代 汉 语 八 百 词. 吕 叔 湘” (800 words in modern Chinese), the models of 来 [lái] verbs as independent and auxiliary verbs are analyzed.
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de Nooijer, Jacqueline A., Tamara van Gog, Fred Paas, and Rolf A. Zwaan. "Words in action." Gesture 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 46–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.14.1.03noo.
Abstract:
Research on embodied cognition has shown that action and language are closely intertwined. The present study seeks to exploit this relationship, by systematically investigating whether motor activation would improve eight-to-nine year old children’s learning of vocabulary in their first language. In a within-subjects paradigm, 49 children learned novel object manipulation, locomotion and abstract verbs via a verbal definition alone and in combination with gesture observation, imitation, or generation (i.e., enactment). Results showed that learning of locomotion verbs significantly improved through gesture observation compared to verbal definitions only. For learning object-manipulation verbs, children with good language skills seemed to benefit from imitation and enactment, while this appeared to hinder children with poor language skills. Learning of abstract verbs was not differentially affected by instructional condition. This study suggests that the effectiveness of observing and generating gestures for vocabulary learning may differ depending on verb type and language proficiency.
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Kutafeva, Natalia V. "Compound Verbs with Meaning of Reciprocal and Joint Action in Modern Japanese Language." Oriental Studies 18, no. 10 (2019): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-10-78-88.
Abstract:
This article analyzes compound verbs of modern Japanese language belonging to the reciprocal and joint action group expressing quantitative meaning. It also discusses the term ‘compound verb’ and its understanding in Russian and foreign linguistics. The compound verb is a verb in which from the left side a nominal, verbal or adjective component may be added to a verb functioning as a second component of the compound verb, from the right side – the auxiliary verb suru ‘to do’. We suppose that the compound verb is a verb combining two verbal components. The first component has the form of a connective form of the verb, and the second one is a verb having a full word inflectional paradigm. Components 合う -au and 合わせる -awaseru are used as affixes in analyzed compound verbs. Compound verbs with reciprocal meaning with component 合う -au express subjective reciprocal meaning and suppose existence of two participants of action. Compound verbs with joint action meaning with component 合う -au can express an indefinite quantity of subjects of action with the help of using adverbs or the appropriate lexicon as the subject of a sentence. The second component 合う -au easily adjoins to the verbs implying existence of a partner and doesn’t join to verbs which have a strong meaning of individuality and separateness. The second component 合わせる -awaseru partially keeps its own lexical meaning and the compound verb overall has an objective reciprocal meaning and expresses the quantity of subjects or objects. Compound verbs with component 合わせる -awaseru have the following meanings: 1. Combination of two subjects or two items. In this group as a first component the verbs with meaning ‘joint, adding’ and verbs with meaning ‘sudden joint action of partners’ are often used. 2. Adding one subject to another, one item to another. Compound verb overall expresses meaning of the result of action. 3. Adaptation to some circumstances, comparison. Conclusion is made based on the comparison of some items.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Action verbs":
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Tyson, Rikita Lenise. "Good Fooling: Modality and Linguistic Action in Shakespeare's Comedies." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10453.
Abstract:
This dissertation examines the role of modal verbs and rhetoric in the creation of Shakespeare's comic action. I argue that by focusing on the characters' uses of language in these plays, we can recover a sense of subjectivity and agency for Shakespeare's comic characters, instead of treating them as mere "types" swept along by the force of comic convention. Modal verbs--"can," "may," "must," "ought," and "will"--encode and enact subjectivity at the linguistic level, demonstrating a speaker's perceptions about the action of the main verb: whether a speaker thinks an action is possible or impossible, likely or unlikely, necessary or merely beneficial. Modal verbs therefore indicate an entirely different category of comic action: not just the oversized action of mistaken identity or farce, but the more subtle mental activity that underpins all subsequent action. Likewise, an examination of Shakespeare's comic rhetoric reveals that, far from being inconsequential or merely decorative, it is a force in its own right; I argue that the characters' insistence on the overt use of rhetorical devices, wordplay, and logical debate is a form of action that creates the comic world. Characters use strategies derived from logic and rhetoric in order to persuade themselves and others into positive action, achieving comic endings by verbal means.
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Thomas, Sean C. "UNDERSTANDING THE NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION PATTERNS OF NON-VERIFIABLE MENTAL ACTION VERBS: AN ERP INVESTIGATION." Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2014. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2161.
Abstract:
Imaging has revealed that brain activation of verbs with verifiable products (‘throw, kick’) activate language areas as well as the motor cortex responsible for the performance of the action described. An exploratory comparison of eye related verbs with no verifiable products (‘observe’) to mouth related verbs with verifiable products (‘shout’) has revealed a similar activation pattern. Thus in order to further study mental action verbs with no verifiable products, the present two-part study used words that were suitable across two modalities (e.g. you can ‘perceive’ both through vision and audition) and compare them to themselves under differing contexts of auditory and visual verbs so as to eliminate any word characteristics differences, as well as explored the two modalities directly. The primary purpose was to delineate whether associative learning or the mirror systems theory might better account for the acquisition of this unique subclass of verbs. Results suggest that Mirror systems theory more likely accounts for the observed cognitive processing differences between the two verbs.
Keywords: Verbs, language, Event-related potentials, abstract, associative learning theory, mirror systems theory.
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Eriksson, Johanna, and Emma Hallqvist. "Verbbenämning hos svenska barn i åldern 3;6 till 5;5 år : En studie av prestation på Action Naming Test." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logopedi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-77925.
Abstract:
Verbbenämning innebär förmågan att benämna en bild utifrån den aktivitet som bilden illustrerar. I tidigare studier har det visat sig att barn tidigt i språkutvecklingen har svårare för verbbenämning än substantivbenämning (Gentner, 1982; Kauschke, Lee & Pae, 2007). Detta förklaras delvis av att verb är mer lingvistiskt komplexa än vad som är fallet för substantiv (Gentner & Boroditsky, 2001), samt att de är svårare att illustrera (Masterson, Druks & Gallienne, 2008). För att undersöka benämningsförmåga används oftast bildbenämningstest och för verb saknas ett svenskt test för barn. Föreliggande studie syftade till att undersöka verbbenämningsförmågan hos svenska barn samt att utröna om den svenska översättningen av Action Naming Test (ANT) är tillämplig på svenska barn. Deltagarna testades både med ANT samt Boston Naming test (BNT), för att få ett mått på de deltagande barnens benämningsförmåga av såväl verb som substantiv, och för att möjliggöra en jämförelse dem emellan. I den föreliggande studien deltog 116 barn i åldern 3;6 till 5;5 år uppdelade i fyra åldersgrupper. Resultaten på ANT visade att barnen fick högre testpoäng med stigande ålder. En felsvarsansalys visade att de vanligaste felsvaren var semantiskt relaterade (ord tillhörande samma eller en överordnad semantisk kategori) eller perceptuellt relaterade (visuell feltolkning) till målordet. En jämförelse av resultaten på ANT och BNT visade genomgående högre andel rätta svar på ANT. Det finns flera tänkbara förklaringar till detta. En förklaring är att barnen har passerat den ålder då substantiv är lättare att benämna än verb. En annan förklaring är att de helt enkelt har lättare att benämna verb än substantiv. Mer troligt är att testresultaten inte är jämförbara med varandra. Med några ändringar kan ANT bli ett användbart verbbenämningstest för svenska förskolebarn.Verb naming comprises the ability to name an activity illustrated in a picture. Previous studies have shown that pre-school children have more difficulties in the naming of verbs than in naming of nouns (Gentner, 1982; Kauschke, Lee & Pae, 2007). This is explained as being partly due to the greater linguistical complexity of verbs compared to nouns (Gentner & Boroditsky, 2001) and that verbs are more difficult to illustrate (Masterson, Druks & Gallienne, 2008). Picture naming tests are frequently used in order to investigate naming ability but today a verb naming test is not available for Swedish children. The present study aimed to investigate naming ability of verbs in Swedish children, and to evaluate if the Swedish translation of the Action Naming Test (ANT) is applicable on children. In addition, all participants were tested with both ANT and the Boston Naming Test (BNT) in order to evaluate the participating children’s naming ability of verbs and nouns in order to make a comparison between the two of them. In the present study 116 children aged 3;6 to 5;5 years divided into four age groups participated. The results on the ANT showed continuously higher scores with increasing age. The error analysis showed that the most frequently occurring error categories were either semantically related (words within the same or superordinate category) or perceptually related (misinterpretation of the picture). When comparing the results between the ANT and the BNT higher scores were shown on the ANT in all age groups. This could imply that the participating children are beyond the age when nouns are easier to name than verbs, or that unlike previous studies, verbs are easier to learn. More likely, the test results are not comparable with each other. With some adjustments, the ANT is considered applicable for Swedish pre-school children.
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McPherson, Leslie M. (Leslie Margaret). "Identifying verbs early in language learning : the roles of action and argument structure." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39964.
Abstract:
This dissertation describes and evaluates a thesis about the means of identifying verbs early in learning a language, and a first language in particular. The thesis is presented briefly in the first section. The second section provides a critical review of theories about children's early part-of-speech identifications. Section 3 presents a new theory of verb identification. I argue that learners initially identify members of a category, predicator, that subsumes verbs and adjectives. Predicators have argument structures. Learners identify a predicator through an inference that the word must take noun-phrase arguments because the phrase containing the word is interpreted into a nonseparable phenomenon--a property or relation that exists or occurs only by virtue of one or more individuals (i.e., the bearers of the property, or the participants in the relation), the referent(s) of the argument(s). Actions are prototypical of that which is nonseparable (being dependent for their realisation upon one or more participants), and so words for actions will usually be identified as predicators. This tendency will be augmented when an unfamiliar predicator appears in an utterance with its one or more noun-phrase arguments, and the noun phrases are interpretable (by the learner) into the one or more individuals that are the participants in an ongoing action (or other nonseparable phenomenon); under these conditions, the learner should readily divine that the novel word is a predicator and the noun phrases are its arguments. These conjectures form the nonseparability hypothesis. To identify verbs in particular, a learner must first discover a distinction between verbs and adjectives, where it exists in a language, through distributional analyses within phrases. Subsequently, details of syntax and morphology will reveal to the learner a predicator's subcategory (verb or adjective). Section 4 contains reviews of literatures that provide support, in varying degree, for the theor
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Shah, Claire Supriya. "The Development of a Lexicon for the Communication of Action in Cooperative Work." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1578594776724604.
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Machado, Juliana Helena Bruno. "Registro neurofisiológico durante orientação semântica para verbos de ações de diferentes partes do corpo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2015.
Abstract:
Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Maria Alice de Mattos Pimenta ParenteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociência e Cognição, 2015.
Observa-se, nos últimos anos, um crescimento no número de publicações acerca da semântica de verbos, através da teoria associativa de Pulvermüller (2001) que têm apoiado o enfoque da Cognição Incorporada (Embodied Cognition) em sua proposição de união em um circuito único dos sistemas perceptual, motor e linguístico. Estudos sobre processamentos léxico-semânticos de verbos e suas representações neurais têm comprovado que a mente humana e seus substratos neurais distinguem verbos de acordo com partes do corpo/agentes da ação. Entretanto, ainda não foram encontradas pesquisas mostrem o efeito da orientação semântica para estes verbos. O presente projeto teve como objetivo ampliar conhecimentos da teoria associativa de Pulvermüller, verificando se é possível direcionar a atenção para aspectos semânticos de verbos de ação. Utilizou-se a tarefa que requer recursos atencionais, proposta por Cristescu et al (2006) ao estudar classes de substantivos. Neste estudo foram utilizadas classes semânticas de verbos, tendo como agente da ação mão ou perna/corpo. Os verbos foram controlados quanto à extensão, frequência, especificidade, partes do corpo/agentes de ação e foram obtidos registros neurofisiológicos durante a execução da tarefa. Duas tarefas foram propostas: uma com pistas pictóricas e outra com pistas simbólicas. Ambas se caracterizaram pela apresentação de pistas semânticas antes da apresentação de verbos e pseudoverbos, após a qual os participantes deveriam realizar uma tarefa de decisão lexical. Foram selecionados 240 estímulos, sendo 60 verbos de movimentos de mão, 60 verbos de perna e 120 pseudoverbos. Nos dois experimentos, os estímulos eram antecedidos por pistas corretas e pistas neutras. Este estudo contou com a presença de 30 participantes entre 18 e 30 anos, universitários e destros, divididos em 2 grupos de 15. As hipóteses comportamentais foram (1) pistas pictóricas favorecerão um processamento mais automático do que pistas simbólicas e portanto menor tempo de reação; (2) a alocação da atenção para aspectos de partes do corpo/agentes de ação será maior para verbos de perna/corpo por serem ações mais difíceis de serem classificadas/distinguidas (ex: andar, correr, caminhar); e (3) a tarefa favorecerá os tempos de reação quando o estímulo for precedido por pistas válidas. Quanto aos registros neurofisiológicos, têm-se como hipóteses: (1) ocorrência de potenciais evocados por evento (PRE) em janelas de tempo precoces e (2) alteração dos sinais indicativos de processamento semântico, como o N400 e o P600 em função dos registros anteriores. Os resultados encontrados corroboram as hipóteses (2) e (3) comportamentais e as três eletrofisiológicas, já que foi encontrada 7 significância em P1/N1, com pico maior para verbos relativos a corpo quando comparados a verbos de mão. No entanto, não foi encontrada diferença entre os dois tipos de pista. Concluiu-se que é possível direcionar a atenção para características semânticas de verbos de ação, fato inovador, já que esse tipo de tarefa só foi utilizada com substantivos até a presente data. Achados no componente N400 mostram que há uma diferenciação no processamento de verbos de mão e corpo, o que indica necessidade de estudos futuros para clarificar os tempos de processamento e possíveis fontes de sinal.
It is noteworthy the increasing number of publications on verbs¿ semantics supported by the Pulverüller's associative theory (2001) which ground the Embodied Cognition model and in its proposition of a unitary network involving perceptual, motor and linguistic systems. Studies involving verbs' lexical-semantic processing and its neural representation have confirmed that human mind and its neural subtrates distinguish verbs according to body parts/action agents. However, it wasn't found researches that show the effect of semantic orientation to these verbs. Thus, the present project intended to extend the knowledge of Pulvermüller's associative theory, veryfing if it is possible to allocate attention to semantic features of action verbs. We used a task that required attentional resources, proposed by Cristescu et al (2006) to study nouns catogories. On this study, we used semantic verb classes that present as agent of action hands and legs/body. The verbs were balanced in their extension, frequency, specificity, body parts/action agents, and neurophisiological data was collected during the tasks. Two tasks were designed: one with pictorial cues and another with symbolic cues. At both tasks, subjects were asked to atend to a semantic cue before stimuli (verbs and non verbs) presentation. Then, subjects had to perform a lexical decision task. We selected 240 stimuli, of which 60 were verbs representing hand actions, 60 legs action, and 120 pseudoverbs. In both experiments, stimuli were preceded by valid and neutral cues. Participated on this study 30 undergraduate students, between 18 and 30 years old, right-handed and with normal or corrected to normal vision. They were divided in 2 groups of 15. The behavioral hypothesis were (1) pictorial cues will favour a more automatic processing than the symbolic ones, therefore, a faster reaction time; (2) the alocation of attention to body parts/agents of action features will be more pronounced to body-action verbs as they represent action harder to classify/distinguish (eg: to walk, to run, to stroll); and (3) the task will favour reaction times when verbs are preceded by valid cues. As for the neurophysiological recording, we hypothesied that: (1) evoked-related potentials (ERP) in early time Windows and (2) alteration of the semantic processing indicative signals (i.e.: the N400 and the P600) due to the earlier potentials. The findings corroborate behavioral hypothesis (2) and (3), since it was found a significance in P1/N1, with a more pronounced peak to body-action verbs when compared to hand-action verbs. However, it was not found any difference between the two kinds of cues. Therefore, it is possible to orient attention to semantic features of action verbs, an inovator fact, 9 since this kind of task has only been used with nouns till the presente. Findings in N400 component show that there is a differentiation in the processing of hand-action verbs and bodyaction verbs, though it requires further analysis to clarify the processing times and the possible current sources.
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Martin, Fabienne. "Prédicats statifs, causatifs et résultatifs en discours. Sémantique des adjectifs évaluatifs et des verbes psychologiques." Phd thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450803.
Abstract:
Cette thèse analyse les propriétés sémantiques et discursives des prédicats d'état ('laid, généreux') ainsi que des prédicats causatifs et résultatifs, et plus particulièrement des verbes psychologiques à Expérienceur objet ('stimuler, encourager'). Le cadre adopté est celui de la sémantique néo-davidsonienne (Parsons, 1990) et de la sémantique du discours (Kamp & Reyle 1993, Asher 1993). La première partie (chap 1-7) est consacrée aux prédicats d'état, et la seconde aux prédicats causatifs et résultatifs (chap. 8-9). Dans le chapitre 1, on expose les arguments en faveur de l'idée que les verbes d'état ont un argument implicite davidsonien comme les verbes d'action. Abordant ensuite les constructions en 'by/in' ('by/in smoking, he broke his promise'), l'auteur propose de considérer, avec Goldman et contre Davidson, que celles-ci décrivent deux événements distincts, liés par une relation de génération. L'analyse goldmanienne de ces constructions est ensuite étendue aux prédicats d'état ('in doing this, he was clever'), ce qui permet de distinguer les prédicats qui dénotent un état dépendant d'une action, comme 'clever' en usage occurrentiel, des prédicats qui dénotent un état indépendant d'une action, comme beautiful (cf. '??in doing this, he was beautiful'). Le chapitre 2 fait le point sur les spécificités des prédicats d'état par rapport aux prédicats d'activité. Y est notamment montré que certains prédicats d'état acceptent le "progressif interprétatif" ('tu es en train de croire au Père Noël!'). Ce type de progressif est distingué du progressif standard et du progressif actif anglais ('he was being clever'); sont définis également les "prédicats interprétatifs" qui n'acceptent que ce progressif. Le chapitre 3 élabore une typologie aspectuelle des prédicats d'état. Sont d'abord distingués quatre types d'états en fonction de l'intervalle pendant lequel l'état en cause est vérifié. On montre que cette quadri-partition rend mieux compte des données linguistiques que la dichotomie classique en 'stage level predicates' et 'individual level predicates'. Ensuite sont définis les "prédicats d'état pur" comme beau, qui dénotent un état indépendant de toute action, et les "prédicats d'état endo-actionnel" comme 'généreux/bruyant' en usage occurrentiel, qui dénote un état généré par une action. On présente des arguments contre l'assimilation de ces derniers prédicats à des prédicats d'action. Est alors analysée l'ambiguïté des prédicats comme "généreux" dans l'emploi occurrentiel: 'Pierre m'a donné des bonbons. Il a été généreux' peut vouloir dire soit que Pierre a été généreux de (décider de) me donner des bonbons (lecture-d), soit qu'il a été généreux dans la manière de me les donner (lecture-m). Dans la foulée, on examine la relation temporelle qui prend place entre un état s et l'action e dont il dépend. Enfin, on montre que l'analyse proposée peut rendre compte de la concurrence entre passé composé et imparfait dans les phrases dénotant un état occurrentiel. A partir de la typologie aspectuelle élaborée au chapitre 3, le chapitre 4 revisite le problème que soulèvent certains prédicats d'état dans les constructions à prédicat second descriptif ('Pierre a donné des bonbons saoul/??généreux') et propose une nouvelle solution. On montre ensuite que cette solution peut être adaptée pour résoudre un problème moins étudié, à savoir celui que posent certains prédicats d'état dans les subordonnées temporelles en 'quand '(cf. 'Il était généreux, quand il a distribué les bonbons' versus '??Il a distribué des bonbons quand il était généreux'). Enfin, on fait le point sur la difficulté qu'éprouvent les prédicats évaluatifs à entrer dans les constructions présuppositionnelles, parmi lesquelles les subordonnées temporelles, mais les GN définis ('La femme rousse/??généreuse commanda une bière'). Le chapitre 5 est consacré aux relations rhétoriques qui s'établissent entre la description d'un état et la description d'un événement, aux combinaisons possibles entre ces relations rhétoriques, et à la manière dont tel ou tel prédicat d'état, vu ses propriétés sémantiques, contribue à établir telle ou telle relation rhétorique avec la description d'événement. Le chapitre 6 revient sur le problème que soulève l'indéfini des en lecture non générique avec certains prédicats d'état, notamment les prédicats évaluatifs ('Des livres étaient sales' versus '??Des livres étaient merveilleux'). En se fondant sur les outils de la 'Decision Theoretic Semantic's (Merin 1999), l'auteur fait l'hypothèse qu'un prédicat P n'accepte des que si la quantité des éléments satisfaisant P dans le contexte est non pertinente pour les fins du discours, et s'il est clair, par ailleurs, que les qualités implicites que peuvent instancier les dits éléments ne contribuent en aucune façon à expliquer qu'ils satisfont P. On montre que ces deux conditions sont respectées (resp. violées) avec les prédicats d'état compatibles (resp. incompatibles) avec des dans sa lecture non générique. Le chapitre 7 est consacré à la sémantique qu'il faut assigner aux prédicats d'état évaluatifs. On expose tout d'abord les arguments en faveur d'une sémantique "réaliste", qui analyse les prédicats évaluatifs comme des prédicats unaires dénotant de vraies propriétés. On distingue ensuite, dans le contenu informationnel des énoncés évaluatifs, un composant assertif et deux implicatures associées. On termine par l'analyse des prédicats évaluatifs superlatifs ('merveilleux'); est argumentée l'idée que ces prédicats ont un composant expressif, en ce sens que le locuteur, en les utilisant, implicite qu'une entité satisfaisant le prédicat a déclenché en lui une émotion, vécue ou rejouée lors de l'énonciation. On montre en quoi ce composant expressif contribue à expliquer pourquoi de tels prédicats sont difficilement utilisables à l'impératif ou dans certains types de questions. Le chapitre 8 répertorie trois classes parmi les verbes, dits "résultatifs", qui présupposent l'occurrence d'un événement e causant ou générant l'événement asserté e'. On présente d'abord le problème que pose la définition de cette présupposition, puis une nouvelle solution est exposée. On montre alors que la présupposition des verbes résultatifs -- achèvements droits et accomplissements strictement forts --- est de nature scalaire et peut s'expliquer par la Loi d'exhaustivité de Ducrot. Le chapitre 9 est consacré aux verbes psychologiques à Expérienceur objet (VPEO). Après avoir classé ces verbes en fonction de leur structure événementielle, on fait le point sur les différentes lectures qu'ils peuvent accepter. On montre ensuite qu'à la différence des VPEO acceptables dans les constructions agentives, les VPEO qui y sont peu acceptables exhibent deux propriétés cruciales. D'abord, ils présupposent toujours, à l'instar des verbes étudiés dans le chapitre 8, l'occurrence de l'événement impliquant le sujet; ensuite, certains d'entre eux sont "interprétatifs", en ce sens que l'assertion du changement d'état psychologique ne s'avère pertinente pour les fins du discours que si l'interprétant connaît, par ailleurs, l'événement qui cause ce changement. Cela permet d'expliquer pourquoi les verbes en question ne peuvent faire avancer la narration comme le ferait un prédicat d'action normal, et pourquoi ils sont peu compatibles avec les adverbes de manière orientés sur l'agent, les pseudo-clivées ou les compléments de lieu. On termine par l'analyse aspectuelle de la classe des VPEO, en montrant qu'on y trouve des membres des cinq classes aspectuelles distinguées dans le chapitre précédent.
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Žukaitė, Kristina. "The relation between lexico-semantic groups and modes of action (on the material of phrasal verbs with the postverb up)." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110802_161956-39923.
Abstract:
The subject matter of phrasal verbs is a complex linguistic phenomenon. It raises a great number of theoretical issues. These include linguistic status, derivational aspect, lexical meaning, aspectuality etc of phrasal verbs. The English postverb UP has been chosen for our research with the aim to investigate the relation between the formation of lexico-semantic groups and modes of action. We assume that our research and the data collected for it might be used in the course of lexicology, word formation and semantics of the English language.Frazinių veiksmažodžių tyrimo objektas – sudėtingas kalbinis reiškinys, keliantis daug teorinių klausimų (kalbinę padėtį, žodžių vedybos aspektą, leksinę reikšmę, aspektualumą ir kt.). Anglų kalbos postverbas UP yra pasirinktas mokslo tiriamajame darbe siekiant ištirti ryšį tarp leksinių-semantinių grupių ir veiksmo būdų. Manome, kad mūsų mokslo tiriamasis darbas bei surinkti duomenys gali būti naudojami anglų kalbos leksikologijoje, žodžių daryboje bei semantikoje.
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Heaps, Amy M. "Comparison of Stimulus Delivery Methods via an iPad to Teach the Expressive Labeling of Action Verbs to Children With Autism." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7272.
Abstract:
Delays in communication are one of the defining characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Educators have begun using technology to teach students with ASD to label different items. However, more research needs to be conducted with technology (such as iPads and other tablets) to find the most effective teaching procedures. We wanted to find the most effective way to teach children with ASD age-appropriate action verbs, such as drawing and painting. Five preschool-aged students with ASD participated in this study. We taught these participants to label action verbs using pictures and short video clips, to test which method was the most effective. With two of the five participants, we wanted to see if the action verbs we taught as pictures generalized to video clips, and vice versa. With these same two participants, we asked if they remembered all of the verbs two weeks later, to see if the skill maintained. At the end of the study, we conducted an assessment with the participants to see if they preferred learning action verbs with pictures or video clips. The results show that all of the preschoolers with ASD learned to identify verbs both as pictures and video clips.
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Rabahi, Tahar. "Étude des relations entre stimuli cognitifs et la motricité relative à un geste complexe." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10023/document.
Abstract:
Plusieurs travaux ont montré que les aires cortico-motrices, localisées dans le cortex frontal et responsables des mouvements volontaires, pouvaient être impliquées dans le processus de compréhension de mots d'action. De ce point de vue, il a été rapporté que la performance d'un acte moteur simple (e.g.: attraper un objet) pouvait être améliorée par la prononciation, la lecture ou l'écoute de mots évoquant une action. Nous avons approché la relation entre parole et action à travers l'étude de l'effet de verbes d'action ainsi que d'autres stimuli cognitifs, l'imagerie kinesthésique (IK) et la soustraction mentale (SM), sur la performance d'un acte moteur complexe, le Squat Vertical Jump (SVJ, ou saut vertical accroupi). Nous avons mesuré la hauteur du SVJ chez des hommes (7 expériences, n = 114) et des femmes (2 expériences, n = 41) à l'aide de deux systèmes de mesure, l'Optojump® et le Myotest®. Les résultats ont montré que la prononciation silencieuse et à haute voix du verbe d'action spécifique au SVJ (saute, conjugué à la première personne de l'impératif), ainsi que l'IK et la SM, améliorent significativement la performance du saut, chez les hommes (jusqu'à + 2,7 cm) et, de manière moins prononcée, chez les femmes (jusqu'à + 1 cm dans 2 expériences). Le reste des résultats obtenus avec les hommes ont indiqué que la prononciation du verbe d'action non spécifique au saut (pince) augmente également la hauteur en SVJ, alors que la prononciation ou l'écoute d'autres verbes sans lien avec le saut (lèche, bouge) n'ont pas eu d'effet significatif sur le SVJ. C'est également le cas du verbe d'état 'rêve et d'un verbe incompréhensible par les sujets (tiào : saute en Chinois) ou encore des verbes qui contredisent et/ou qui s'opposent au déroulement de l'action de sauter (tombe et stoppe). La hauteur du saut a été par ailleurs significativement impactée lorsque les sujets ont prononcé des verbes à fort attributs émotifs (gagne et son antonyme perds)Several studies have shown that cortical motor areas, located in the frontal cortex and responsible for voluntary movement, might be involved in the process of understanding action words. From this point of view, it has been reported that the performance of a simple motor act (e.g.: catching an object) might be improved by the pronunciation, reading or listening to words referring to the action. We approached the relationship between speech and action through the study of the effect of action verbs and other cognitive stimuli, kinesthetic imagery (KI) and mental subtraction (MS), upon the performance of a complex motor act, the Squat vertical jump (SVJ). We measured the height of SVJ in young naive men (7 experiments, n = 114) and women (2 experiments, n = 41) using an Optojump® and a Myotest® apparatuses. The results showed that the silent and loud pronunciation of specific action verb to SVJ (jump), the KI and the MS improved significantly the performance of the movement, in men (up to 2.7 cm) but less in women (up to + 1 cm in the 2 experiments). The results of other experiments obtained with men indicated that pronunciation of the action verb nonspecific to the jump (pinch) increased also the SVJ performance, while the pronunciation or listening to other verbs unrelated to the jump (Jick, move) had no significant effect on the SVJ. A meaningless verb for the French subjects (tiao = jump in Chinese) showed, in turn, no effect as did dream, faJJ and stop. The verb win improved significantly the SVJ height as much as its antonym Jose, thus suggesting a possible influence of affects in the subjects' performance. It appears that the effects of the specific action verb jump did seem effective but not totally exclusive for the enhancement of the SVJ performance, since non-linguistic stimuli (IK) or unrelated to action (MS) may have had a positive effect on the improvement in motor performance. Moreover verbs referring to emotion, unrelated to action, increased the height of SVJ similarly to the specific action verb jump. The results led us to consider the hypothesis that improving the performance of a complex gesture is dependent, a minima, upon the individual's intention, attention, emotions and also, and perhaps most importantly, concepts (we call concepts, the mental representations) as they may be induced by the cerebral processing of words
Books on the topic "Action verbs":
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Ganeri, Anita. Action words: Verbs. Chicago, Ill: Heinemann Library, 2012.
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Terban, Marvin. Verbs, verbs, verbs: The trickiest action-packed words in English. New York: Scholastic Reference, 2002.
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Klepinger, Lawrence. Where the action is (pure regular verbs). Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational series, 1998.
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Kathy, Hirsh-Pasek, and Golinkoff Roberta M, eds. Action meets word: How children learn verbs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
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Gao, Hong. The physical foundation of the patterning of physical action verbs: A study of Chinese verbs. [Lund]: Lund University, 2001.
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Hoepelman, Jakob. Action, comparison, and change: A study in the semantics of verbs and adjectives. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1986.
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Curtis, Stephen. Geng qing song xue duan yu dong ci =: More phrasal verbs in action through pictures. 8th ed. Xianggang: Shang wu yin shu guan (Xianggang) you xian gong si, 2011.
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Langer, Nils. Linguistic purism in action: How auxiliary tun was stigmatized in Early New High German. Berlin: W. de Gruyter, 2001.
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Miller, Herb. Actions speak louder than verbs. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1989.
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Bailly, Diégou. Laurent Gbagbo: Le verbe en action. Abidjan, Ivory Coast: Puci, 2010.
Book chapters on the topic "Action verbs":
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Kemmerer, David. "Action Verbs." In Cognitive Neuroscience of Language, 264–91. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781138318427-13.
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Hornsby, Jennifer. "Verbs of Action and Acting in Time." In Time in Action, 15–31. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429259845-3.
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Vernillo, Paola. "Grounding Abstract Concepts in Action." In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 167–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69823-2_8.
Abstract:
AbstractSensory-motor information is linguistically encoded by action verbs. Such verbs are not only used to express action concepts and events, but they are also pervasively exploited in the linguistic representation of abstract concepts and figurative meanings. In the light of several theoretical approaches (i.e., Embodied Theories, Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Image Schema Theory), this paper analyzes the mechanisms that enable action verbs to acquire abstract meanings and that motivate the symmetries (or asymmetries) in the semantic variations of locally equivalent verbs (e.g., premere and spingere; Eng., to press and to push). The research is carried out within the IMAGACT framework and focuses on a set of four Italian action verbs encoding force (i.e., premere, spingere, tirare, and trascinare; Eng., to press, to push, to pull, and to drag). The results confirm that metaphorical extensions of action verbs are constrained by the image schemas involved in the core meaning of the verbs. Additionally, the paper shows that these image schemas are responsible for the asymmetries in the metaphorical variation of action verbs pertaining to the same semantic class (i.e., force).
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Sieksmeyer, Jan, Anne Klepp, Valentina Niccolai, Jacqueline Metzlaff, Alfons Schnitzler, and Katja Biermann-Ruben. "Influence of Manner Adverbs on Action Verb Processing." In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 439–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50200-3_20.
Abstract:
AbstractLanguage-motor interaction is suggested by the involvement of motor areas in action-related language processing. In a double-dissociation paradigm we aimed to investigate motor cortical involvement in the processing of hand- and foot-related action verbs combined with manner adverbs. In two experiments using different tasks, subjects were instructed to respond with their hand or foot following the presentation of an adverb-verb combination. Experiment 1, which prompted reactions via color changes of the stimuli combined with a semantic decision, showed an influence of manner adverbs on response times. This was visible in faster responses following intensifying adverbs compared with attenuating adverbs. Additionally, an interaction between implied verb effector and response effector manifested in faster response times for matching verb-response conditions. Experiment 2, which prompted reactions directly by the adverb type (intensifying vs. attenuating), revealed an interaction between manner adverbs and response effector with faster hand responses following intensifying compared with attenuating adverbs. Additional electroencephalography (EEG) recordings in Experiment 2 revealed reduced beta-desynchronization for congruent verb-response conditions in the case of foot responses along with faster response times. Yet, a direct modulation of verb-motor priming by adverbs was not found. Taken together, our results indicate an influence of manner adverbs on the interplay of language processing and motor behavior. Results are discussed with respect to embodied cognition theories.
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Cho, Miyoung, Dan Song, Junho Choi, and Pankoo Kim. "Human Action Understanding Using Motion Verbs in WordNet." In AI 2005: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 1209–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11589990_171.
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Ruvoletto, Luisa. "Префиксация глаголов неопределенного движения в русском языке." In Biblioteca di Studi Slavistici, 183–95. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-698-9.13.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the different meanings and functions of prefixes in perfective verbs derived from the indeterminate motion verbs chodit’, nosit’ and ezdit’. In some expressions with transitive verbs (e. g. vychodit’, donosit’ and naezdit’) the prefixes are lexical. Their function consists in creating accomplishment verbs with a resultative meaning. On the other side, the prefixes po-, za- and ot- in such verbs as pochodit’, zachodit’, ot’’ezdit’ are superlexical. They have the function of expressing additional meanings which refer to the duration, inception and cessation of the action.
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Moneglia, Massimo. "The variation of action verbs in multilingual spontaneous speech corpora." In Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 152–88. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/scl.61.06mon.
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Petruchina, Elena V. "Аспектуальные антиномии в русском языке (на славянском фоне)." In Biblioteca di Studi Slavistici, 153–66. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-698-9.11.
Abstract:
This article discusses some antinomies concerning the category of verbal aspect in Russian, which generate apparent contradictions on a theoretical level. Special attention is paid to Russian aspectual pairs (considered in a cross-Slavic perspective). I focus on antinomies applying to different ways of expressing the aspectual semantics of verbs (lexical, grammatical and derivational), as well as on rules regulating the use of perfective and imperfective verbs. Our study confirms the need to distinguish between lexical and grammatical limits of action in a theory of Slavic aspect.
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Ruvoletto, Luisa. "Il suffisso verbale -yva-/-iva- in testi slavo-orientali dei secoli XI-XIV." In Le lingue slave tra struttura e uso, 261–77. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-328-5.15.
Abstract:
The article focuses on the main uses of secondary imperfective verbs with the suffix -yva-/-iva- in Early East Slavic texts dated 11th-14th centuries. The verbs with this suffix are used in all different contexts where the imperfective verbal aspect is required. The examples from the texts show a more frequent occurrence of the verbal forms with the suffix in dialogues, that is in passages involving oral communication contexts. Only in the later centuries the suffix will also take the particular function of expressing the “iterative mode of action” (iterativnyj sposob dejstvija).
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Löbner, Sebastian. "Cascades. Goldman’s Level-Generation, Multilevel Categorization of Action, and Multilevel Verb Semantics." In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 263–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50200-3_13.
Abstract:
AbstractThe paper proposes a novel theory of the categorization of acts and applies it to the semantics of action verbs, with fundamental consequences for semantic theory and beyond. The theory is based on Goldman’s (Theory of human action. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1970) multilevel theory of action which is taken here as a theory of categorization. Goldman’s central notion is level-generation: acts of a type may under circumstances generate acts of other, more abstract types. The acts form a hierarchical structure which Goldman calls an act-tree. Level-generation results in a conceptual relation called c-constitution here, i.e. constitution under the given circumstances; I also introduce the more general term cascade for act-trees. In the second part, multilevel cascade-structure categorization is combined with a cognitive semantics that models meanings with Barsalou frames. A multilevel analysis of the concept of writing is discussed in depth and detail in order to illustrate the potential and the consequences of a cascade approach to verb semantics. It is shown that the concept of c-constitution can be generalized as to cover the roles of persons and objects across levels in a cascade. The generalization suggests that multilevel categorization may be a very general and fundamental phenomenon in the psychology of categorization.
Conference papers on the topic "Action verbs":
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Gao, Qiaozi, Malcolm Doering, Shaohua Yang, and Joyce Chai. "Physical Causality of Action Verbs in Grounded Language Understanding." In Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1171.
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Souza, Dayse, Henrique Salmazo Silva, Roberta Baradel, Reynaldo Sandrini, Katerina Lukasova, and Maria Carthery Goulart. "LEXICAL-SEMANTIC PROCESSING OF ACTIONS/VERBS IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda095.
Abstract:
Background: Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease present motor and cognitive impairment. In the language domain PD is a good model to study the functional contribution of the motor system to language processing. Objective: To investigate the performance of Parkinson’s disease patients on a lexical-semantic processing task of action verbs, compared to cognitively healthy controls. Methods: Parkinson’s patients performed the naming (n=25) and semantic association (n=19) tests of the Kisssing and Dancing Test - KDT, adapted by Baradel (2016). Patients were compared to cognitively healthy controls (n=44). Results: We observed a difference in performance on the naming (t[47]=-2.609, p=0.012) and semantic verb association (t[36]=-4.795, p=0.000) tasks between the groups. Parkinson’s patients had lower mean scores than healthy controls on both the naming and semantic association tasks. Conclusion: Parkinson’s patients may exhibit difficulties in lexical and semantic access of language with action content compared to healthy subjects. These results are consistent with Embodied Cognition and may support therapeutic alternatives in the field of language neuroscience.
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Seng, Su Lin, and Helena Hong Gao. "Conceptual Knowledge of Bilingual Preschoolers An Inquiry into Hand Action Verbs." In 6th Annual International Conference on Language, Literature and Linguistics (L3 2017). Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3566_l317.124.
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Petersen, Michael Kai, and Lars Kai Hansen. "On an emotional node: Modeling sentiment in graphs of action verbs." In 2012 International Conference on Audio, Language and Image Processing (ICALIP). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icalip.2012.6376631.
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Gorbova, E. V. "ASPECTUAL TRIPLETS OF THE RUSSIAN VERB IN DIACHRONY: EVIDENCE FROM THE RUSSIAN NATIONAL CORPUS." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-321-347.
Abstract:
The paper deals with the so-called aspectual triplets of the Russian verb. Based on the data from the Russian National Corpus, it proposes a diachronic method to study triplets as well as a two-component model of the Russian aspect as an alternative to the traditional word-based classification model. The first component of the model is a morphological mechanism of the imperfectivizing suffixation of prefixed verbs that is inflectional (ras-kry-t’PFV — ras-kryva-t’IPFV2 ‘disclose, reveal’), but has a limited scope of action (prefixed verbs only). The second component of the model is the actionality (lexical aspect) with a maximal scope. Related to the verb class as a whole, it is especially crucial for non-prefixed simplexes. Actionality enables the functioning and perfective / imperfective characterization of simplexes which do not fall under the inflectional grammatical aspect. The analysis of ten biimperfective triplets resulted in several observations and conclusions. One of them concerns the role of a ‘joker’, which all imperfective simplexes (IPFV1) have in the aspectual triplets as (quasi)synonyms for corresponding secondary imperfectives (IPFV2). A working hypothesis on the predominance of IPFV1 over PFV in every triplet, based on the broader polysemy of the former, has not been confirmed. However, the two-component model has explanatory power for the cases of reverse frequency (PFV over IPFV1) through its lexical aspect component. Another working hypothesis on a possible increase or a decrease in the number of secondary imperfectives in diachrony was partially confirmed — an increase was noted for the 20/21st century.
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Elisabeth Vasconcellos Lopes, Ruth, and Carla Pereira Minello. "The comprehension of passive sentences and wh-questions with action and non-action verbs by children acquiring Brazilian Portuguese." In XXIII Congresso de Iniciação Científica da Unicamp. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoá, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2015-37111.
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Kucherova, K. A. "VERBS OF INVOLUNTARY ACTION IN THE RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES IN THE COMPARATIVE ASPECT." In ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERARY STUDIES. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-02-3-2021-62.
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Yap, Hui Jie, and Helena Hong Gao. "Trilingual Preschool Children’s Cognitive Understanding of Mouth Action Verbs in Chinese, English and Malay." In The Asian Conference on Language 2021. The International Academic Forum(IAFOR), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/issn.2435-7030.2021.4.
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Gregori, Lorenzo, and Alessandro Panunzi. "Measuring the Italian-English lexical gap for action verbs and its impact on translation." In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Sense, Concept and Entity Representations and their Applications. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-1913.
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Hamer, Rebecca. "Developing and Defining Action Verbs Capturing the Outcome of Complex Thinking in the Performing Arts." In 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1581521.
Reports on the topic "Action verbs":
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Tea, Céline. REX et données subjectives: quel système d'information pour la gestion des risques? Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/170rex.
Abstract:
Le retour d’expérience est conçu, dans une vision classique, comme une démarche de gestion mettant à disposition les informations nécessaires aux managers pour piloter les systèmes et gérer les risques. Malheureusement, la réalité est moins simple. Les systèmes à piloter sont des systèmes socio-techniques complexes. Le futur n’est pas déterminé par le passé. Il s’avère nécessaire de compléter le système d’information supportant la gestion des risques. Le travail présenté propose de passer d’un système fondé sur des informations extraites des expériences incidentelles du système à piloter, vers un système d’information qui intègre au mieux l’expérience des gens qui le font fonctionner. Les connaissances tacites de ces personnes expérimentées doivent alors être élicitées. Le présent travail a permis d’expérimenter au sein de la SNCF une technique d’aide à la décision issue du courant de l’analyse de la décision. Cette technique de MAUT a été appliquée à l’analyse d’un changement de réglementation concernant la conduite des trains en cas d’alerte radio. Les décisions sont traitées ici non sous un angle individuel, mais comme l’aboutissement d’un processus construit au sein d’une organisation, mettant en jeu plusieurs décideurs et plusieurs enjeux (pouvant être partiellement contradictoires). L’apport de cette technique par rapport aux méthodes classiques basées sur les arbres de défaillance est discuté. Un second niveau d’étude de l’impact de cet éventuel changement réglementaire a consisté à analyser en profondeur les raisonnements et les connaissances utilisés par les acteurs pour construire le sens de leur action en cas d’alerte radio. En modélisant les discussions entre les différents acteurs impliqués et en restituant leur point de vue en situation, il est possible d’identifier les divergences éventuelles entre les représentations de différents acteurs concernant une même situation, ainsi qu’un possible écart entre les croyances des concepteurs et les utilisateurs de la règle. Cette seconde analyse s’appuie sur une théorie de la conception dite C/K, qui met en relation les connaissances et les concepts utilisés en situation. L’auteur suggère que l’application de ces méthodes permet de voir l’analyse de risques comme un lieu d’élaboration de sens collectif sur la sécurité du système, plutôt que (dans une vision plus positiviste de la connaissance) comme une activité qui révèle et approche la vérité sur les risques, en s’appuyant sur des données factuelles et objectives. Elle propose de développer l’ingénierie du subjectif pour permettre la construction d’un système de management au sein duquel la vision d’ingénieur de la gestion des risques et la vision inspirée des courants des sciences humaines et sociales pourront cohabiter.