Garden Help: Loropetalum is growing in popularity

One woody shrub that has become a landscape staple is Loropetalum chinense, also called Chinese fringe flower. Although the species plant (green leaves with white flowers) has been around since 1880, it did not become popular until the purple leafed, pink flowered varieties were introduced in late 1980s to early 1990s.

The Greek translation of loropetalum means strap and petal referring to its fringe-like flowers. Loropetalum is native to China, Japan and the Himalayas and is a member of the witch hazel family. They are evergreen plants and spring bloomers, flowering just after azaleas. They can be used as a hedge, foundation plant, mixed planting bed, specimen plant and patio tree.

Planting tips

Because they are fast growers, most varieties quickly outgrow their intended space and require regular pruning. However, frequent, heavy pruning destroys the attractive, natural shape of the plant so they are best planted in areas with sufficient space.

Loropetalums are very cold hardy and grow well in full sun or with some protection from hot afternoon sun. Plantings under the shifting shade of pine trees resemble large Formosa azaleas when in bloom. Like azaleas, they prefer acid soil with some organic matter and good drainage. They are very drought tolerant.

Varieties

There are many varieties from which to choose. Ruby is the one most widely planted in our area, but it is no longer recommended due to problems with dieback. It is said to mature at 3 to 5 feet (I have seen it much larger), has a rounded shape, with pink flowers that emerge sporadically year-round. Leaves are smaller and rounder than those of the Plum and Burgundy varieties.

Plum (Hines Purpleleaf, Plum Delight and Pizzazz) will grow to 6 to 8 feet in height and has dark leaves with darker flowers. Burgundy (Sizzling Pink) is more upright than Ruby, maturing at 6 to 10 feet tall with longer pointed leaves that turn red in fall. Like Ruby, it blooms throughout the growing season. Based on observations in the landscape, Burgundy and Plum have not exhibited dieback problems so are better choices for our area.

Plant problems

Research at University of Florida first indicated that the dieback was due to either eriophyid mites or a micronutrient deficiency. Based on results from the study, plants treated with copper sprays corrected the problem whereas control of the mites did not. However, after 12 weeks following the copper treatment, the symptoms reappeared and plants required an additional treatment. This now makes Ruby, a once low-maintenance plant, a high-maintenance plant that requires copper sprays four times a year to prevent dieback.

If you have existing plantings of loropetalum Ruby and are experiencing dieback problems, spray individual plants thoroughly with a copper spray like Kocide. Apply just as new growth is emerging.

There are several products that will do the job and details are included in this publication: edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss477.

When spraying copper, avoid spraying other plants as this can create toxicity problems and avoid spraying metal, light colored homes or concrete to avoid blue staining and/or corrosion.

Plants are also susceptible to pseudocercospora, a leaf spot disease which can cause defoliation. Leaves develop irregular brown to red/yellow spots and the fungus can persist in the moisture from dew at night. Fungicide sprays will control the disease.

Low growers

On the bright side, there are some new varieties available. Purple Pixie is a spreading dwarf shrub maturing at 2 feet tall with a spread of 4 to 5 feet. It has deep purple foliage and bright, fuchsia pink blooms. Use as a groundcover, container plant, or foundation plant.

Snowmound (Snow Muffin) is another low grower topping out at 1 to 3 feet tall with a 2- to 3-foot width. Leaves are dark green contrasted with white flowers.

Terry Brite DelValle is a horticulture extension agent with the Duval County Extension Service and the University of Florida/IFAS.