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The Agrarian Policy of the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary ... - Page 78
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... the SRs' task to ensure that the leadership of the peasant movement should not fall into the hands of the kulaks : We cannot forgo our duty to explain to the peasants the contradictions between their interests and those of the kulaks, simply in ...Russian Civilization - Page 148
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These people became known as kulaks (fists) because of their fighting and resistance. In some places the fighting took on the proportions of rebellion, and government forces were required to put it down. Kulaks, in many cases, burned their ...Mao Tse-tung in Opposition, 1927-1935 - Page 157
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The tactics recommended by us must be applied not only to the kulak who is a semi-landlord, but also to the less widespread type of kulaks in China who work their own land. As to them, the Party must not restrain the class struggle of the ...An Economic History of the U.S.S.R. - Page 166
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It was at this point not yet clear what kind of collectivization campaign there would be, but already the issue of possible expulsion or expropriation of kulaks was posed. The majority view was against such drastic solutions. In June 1929 Pravda ...The Making of the Soviet State Apparatus - Page 195
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The problem of dealing with the kulaks was the one which had the strongest bearing on the outcome of the struggle. For while it was quite certain that actual, positive collectivization could not be achieved with the limited means at hand, theThe End of the Russian Land Commune, 1905-1930 - Page 355
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been estimated that a quarter of a million peasant households were fined or taken to court in the course of the grain campaign.40 Many kulaks (as earlier, this inevitably included middle and even poor peasants who were caught up in the ...Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution: A Political ... - Page 189
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Disagreement centered on the differentiation within the peasantry, on applying the old tripartite classification of poor peasants, middle peasants, and kulaks to a countryside drastically transformed and leveled by the revolutionary events of ...The Volga Germans: In Russia and the Americas, from 1763 ...
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The mir was abolished where it still was in use; the farmers operating under this system and those who had switched to private ownership were classed as kulaks (rich peasants; by extension, exploiters) and subjected to deportation. The word ...Peasants in Socialist Transition: Life in a Collectivized ... - Page 113
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Of the seventy thousand "kulaks" in 1948 only about one-half had thirty-five or more holds — a level viewed by many as more likely to qualify them as "real" kulaks, who employed full-time cseled-s. Even contemporary reports stated that the ...Lukács and Brecht - Page 224
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Without these aims, attack is a mere declamation, mere scratching, empty noise, anything but a real Bolshevist attack. To attack the kulaks means to make proper preparations and then deliver the blow, a blow from which they could not recover